


աաաա

ѧ¥ﴫһ߸ЬȻذԽԽ
ҵҲԽԽ죬ôƵĽŲ̫Ϥˡ

Ƭ̺һɫְװȹĴŮ߽˰칫ңһž
¶ĹںڵĳԺϸĵۣڹ̣Ҷü
εıɳɫĺ촽⣬ųŮ˶еԸ


İ֣¶ɫ
£֫ϸǰԲɫֱͲȹɫ˿࣬ɫϸͷ߸
Ьβ̣ͦ˫ȳ޳ְŮԵ֪

֣ƣǡҵĸϡˡ

˪ֱ֮ӳ˹û˵˦еİ
ͷĳ˹ҡæͷܣָ񵲣θϽ
ĸм䣬ȰС裬С裬

Խεļʹðҵͷ۵ǲۣѽ

ˡ



һСʱڳ˫ỵ̂ϸָһһµû
ţû˵ѹֵգҸˡ

ǿ˰죬ڱﲻסˣûһϴɣ
ͦģϵζһš

û˵бؿңޱ顣һЦͷ˵裬Ҵˣ
ˡ

æϣûҴˣĴˣҵͲ
ðҾ͸ҧҧˡ

ƤЦ˵ҲܴҸҽ㣬Ҿͱˡ

üͷһʲô߰ġ㣬½СѾͷ
㴢ʲôأ

ԴСֹûûɶ׽ԲأҸǡ
һˡ

СϹſھѽǶϸˣ׽Բأ
ôôأ

Ųš˾䡣

ʲô

ǣڲиǰʱ㻹ȥ˹


ƨĹš

ô˵Ҳһžô˵ôûء

һʣûӳ㣬Ҿ͹кˡ賤̾һڣ
ͷƣ˵˵ôһʲôˡ

һᣬͷĸ첲ϣƤЦĳֻã
ĺͶĻӴ˱ɳ񡣡

ͷϺݺݵһ£ĿңҲ
˰죬һЦ˳
һ쵽ûУʲôС

ôûˣء㿴Ůʧ⣬ٴ
궼ҲǸ¥壬ʮˣءھ
ʼ˵бҵ˾ͽˣѧûҵ㶼ˡ㿴
ʮ̣֮ܵˡЩСãĽ
Ľ

ҵءҡͷԽ˵Խֲˣ˵
ݽ𣬸Сͷ̫̫һ㳡ˡ

ҾſаʱקҰ֣Ϳһ¼Ƕһ
š󣬹㳡Ͽ˹߸һ𻭸
ߣһʺ硣߸һ𻭲ʺ磬ұߣٻһ߳
һ趯ֱۡ

бҰ죬ֹһ䣺ðˡ

֣ҷ·߲ԣʵⲻǻؼҵ·
Ķȥ

챱ѧУż٣ؼҡ

ýӣôˣԼؼҰ

Ťͷһۣ㶼ˣѧУмҳأ㻹˵
ˡ

ǼĳӣҪ̳мҵģҪעӵȫѪ
ɢˡ

輱ˣҪٸߴߴ˵û꣬Ҿ³Լؼȥ

ҸϽ죬ͷŤһԡĬ˰죬̲סеĺ棬عͷ
Сʵ裬ôѽôƽѽ

ô㣬ǲ

Ҳǣ͡е档㿴ƽԷһС
ƤǲСǷǲСƨת

üһСǷǲҸ˵ء˾˾
һ¶㻹鷳ҹ̫ǲ

ɶ£˵ѽ˵һܿǽ
ء

죬˵Ǹİ

㿴㿴һ˵ͼ֪ĻΪǰء

輱ͰȣǰĳΪ·ŭ֢أŵøϽ
ԱŲ

費˵ˣһ̲סʵ˵ʵ½
ûǸ

ĸ

ٸװ⣬㴲²صЩ־ΪҲ֪

ûУһǸءǳ˳Ŀ
ЩŮ

ղ˵ʲô˵ҾͿ쵱ˣ

ǲǸЦأôԸеĴ椣ôᵱء

ٸˣƶ졣ҾѽҪǸҸŪһҾ͸Ұ
ˡ

ϣĶֲܰСȫʩ÷ǳá
ðαӲƷҪȻԲġ

һŤͷҡʶ˵ˣ˼ͣ
Ͳ˰һ

ʲôˣԼòõò˵ûꡣ

УҲ˵ˣҵưͣ˰ɡ

ʹ˽⣬ϧ費ϵץסҵʹţ׷ʵ
ղʲô˼ǲǸ½ʲôˣ

죬Ťһԣ˵

ץסҵļʹҡΣ˵˵װư͡

ָǰ棺··㿪ءؽͨ򣬵Ȼ
㿪ˡ

Ұѻ˵ʲô˼ǲǸ½ʲôˣ

ǣ˰ɡҼˣֱ˵ʲôҸ
˵˵Ҹ½ϸϴ

һӱסˣ˺ð죬ŭ㻹ǲΪ
ǲ㣬Ҫ߿ˡ㲻˼ŵѧϰȥһ
쵽ⷽĥѧϰܺõ˲

ѧϰأһֱǰ༶ǰʮ

ǡҪŬǰ༶ǰʮˡ

ǰ̸˵Եġ

ҡǲԣҲûô͡;ʲô

ֲ˵췹ˣ˵ôɣ

Ŷǲǣ

Ҳ𡣡ҺٺɵЦ

쵰Ŀʼˡ

ǻ쵰衣ڳⷽ棬Ҵû¹˭衣ֻ
ϧ

ֶ̧ҵĺ׾һơ

ʹ˵ÿ˵Ͷִˡǳİ
Ȩ壬۹塣

裬ҾͰȨˣҾ͵۹ˣôšʲôʱҺ
ˣҲܶҰȨ塣Ƴһۣҷ˸ۣ˵
ǲµ㻨Ǯûˡ

ҸϽͷЦȻתƻ⣺~ Ҹշ֣
ǲǡǲǡϴˡҲµĶԲԣ˵Բ԰ɣ

ϻ˭ϴ

ϴģƽʱһϴģ϶ر档ױ
ܱ£ţ͵͸ݻĴǲҪʲôˣԼ᣿

Ҽͻ

𲻺˼ΪӣǺܿģԼҳġ

~ ͷ㡭һ£ԣٸתƻ
⣬¶û˵ء

Ҽ쵽ѧУˣЦ˵쵽˿쵽ˣ¶ٶˣ
ϳˣСˣӰ첻á

㻹֪Ӱ첻ãҾûƤôˡ轫ͣ·
ߣڳϣַŶͷ̾˿

Ц˵Ƥܳ٣Ƥܻ

ЦãƶģμӵȥɡƤӲͣɴȥ̨
˵ȥɡ

ҺٺЦ˵Ҫȥ£̨һվ
ظһĴָ˵ҡ

ЦںƤⷽ棬ǹҵġ

бڳϣ۽ĵشһۣ˵ģ
ʵмŮԣȻѾʮıֵĺܺã
̬飬۴ʲô·زܳŵԲģڼﴩż
ӷʱԡ

ǵ͵ķΪԵʣŮһ
òһݡβԲͦԸУ
УͲȹ棬һ֭Ĵңȴӷ׵ĸ


ΪԵʣװ˿߸ĺԸСȻ
ϸУȴһ˿ħҾ͵˿ŮѴȻ
ڴһH. ֵǣôʲôɫ͵˿࣬
ûдϵָо

Ȼ͵裬ûĸ񱣬ֻһ˵ĳ嶯Լ
Ŀ׷ѡ͵͵ù˿ڼϴǹҲ
˶ѣûҪô

裬Ǿ̫ˡҲġ

Һ˼֮ʱôѧУˣͬѧֵ󣬴򿪳ţ
˽Ȼ˽

ͨӾһۣ̳ŵ㣬һŰ׾Ĺ
Ƥβ裬پ£Ƥϸ壬ȫҲഺӡǡ
ϸͬŮҪ߳ͷزѾʼˣСƨҲԲ
ġ

Сʮ꣬˽ѧУһѧϰɼҲΪ
ǵֻ꣬ûеӰС˵మǵ
Լıơ

źӾЦ˵ϣ߷ѧ

ţˡ

õ⣬ѱϵжԱλһţЦ˵
񾭲˵ǻˣмҳ

輱ˣصǣ˵ǲǣٺţ϶
Է

С˵νҼʡ

ټʾͷ

ܷ߸ãʡ쿴~ ~ 

Ρ

ʹһ³ѣǵұ죬İһ
Ͷ

ýͷ̽˹С˵裬ġ

ҸϽӲ磺֤ȷʵ

һ͵ؿڳϣֱס۾Ҳ˵
ճȭͷ΢΢ĲšŤͷãԹ㣬
˭ģ

ó죺ģ
Ǽһѿӡ

ϷĶѿˣҼ̳˰˵
ҳѿƲ˭ѽ

ÿңСһֱ棬һҲһ㵽ǲ
׸ѽҽԺﱧ˰ɡŤͷקק·裬
ǲҽԺﱧˣǲǰǲǰ

ûûûУ費ͷ˵ֳһģһ
Ҹģ˭ģİ

ҽӲѵ㿴㿴ġϣТ˳ĹŮ

Ц̾Ϣ˵үǣܲܰ㡣һ
ģϰ͹ˣһź˵ʲôɣ

ϣһڣЦ˵ϡ

ҸϽҲȥһڣƤЦ˵裬Ҳϡ

úߵһ֪ѧ˼ңûһ㴴⡣

轫ҵƵһߣ˵УǰǣҲǡ
ҪܰһҾ͸ˡ

ΪСûؼˣȥһٴͣؼҲ
ϰһڼң˸ˡϴ齫Լ
˳Է¶ˣ绰Ҳû

ҵֻûˣѱʼǱҲûˣղصҲȫ
ȥˣ˵רѧϰ߿֮ٻҡװޣ¹򣬱
˿ȣϧƨûУʯĳΪ

ҹֻܿѧϰʱˡ

ΪĩԵʣڶ˯ֻ֮úϰڳ


ʵأ

ְֻһ߳һ߿ϢûóҲûһۣ
˵˾䣺Ͻ˸绰Ҵҵˡ

˰һ˵һζءһ˵һץ


üһĿңܲܽ㣬ˢٳԷ

˯£˼£˵ˢǸã

ϸȫԽˣˡöһߣԶԶġ

ʱϰֵֻˣһʾ̧ͷ˿
ȥˡöҷƬ̣С˵ûоţϰ
ġ

ϰһģСʱΪһǸعء
ں˵

û㿪Ц˵ġõҡ

̧ͷʲô˼

Ҳ֪ء

Ķ֪ġҺȻʲôЦŶ˵ã
ֻһ¡

衣ùϻؾ

һ£Ҿʹһ绰ñҷϣ˫ֺʮ


ϰֵֻ

ϰֽݰҲھãһ£ʹһ绰
㡣һ˵һȥãϧһȲ

׷ȥæɳϣ˫ֻ
ҹȥȥ̧ңһᣬɳϣ˳ѹ
ȥֳƨȥֻĸˡ

ǾôĲһΪո𴲵ԵʣǶŵ
˯£Ųϣϡܸоഺ¶ȣĶǻ
Ůζ

ֵʱϰֳˣһʵʲôأ

쳤˲ӣϰ־ˣå~ 

̧ͷ˵ҽֻ衣

ϰüѵ⣺ˣ֪֪ŮбһҲ
ӡ

ȻͬʱǣסõС֣˳ֽק
һ·Ŭ죺һҲӡ˵ţֻ˹
ȥҽӹתȥ

Ҹ½ȥһ绰ԼѧϰʵȻҪ
û顣

˴ϣһ죬ĺܡ



ϰֽ˵绰֮緹ҲûʹҴææĳȥˣҲ֪æ
Щʲô

ҵֻͱʼǱûˣֻɳһ߿һߵ½
ɳһֻ࣬ϣ۵СѾһһ
εģ⡣

ĥŵȻ½ˣһ£뽫ƭȥ

Ǹߡ

񾭲

ǰŤ˽ţ·һȳһյģǶʱҸտ˻Ʒɺ裬͸
˸ߵšһʼͦŵģģҽҵģ
Ҳû취Ȼˣһ񾭲š

̹׵˵ҾŻеϲоͦҵʡ

ò׷ż죬ôͬѧȥ氡

Һò׷ż죬ԲҪڼ

ȥɡ

~ ~ ֻų˵

߬סԲɰĴָҡţȥ
¡

ץŽֺҡΣҲûֻǲͷ˵㷳ˣһֱ
ҳȥ

ҵȻҪϰΣҪдҵˡҼҡš

дģʲô¶ų˻

ڼңѧϰ

~ еŷѽܸѧϰ

Ҫ̫ˣһ뵽ڼҾķҵģû˼ѧϰˡ

߶ȥһš

תһԣСߺֱĴʫһֻߣ⣬
ڼﲻߣ˼

ҲСѾһֻһߺ߳һ񾭲Դ
ͦӲÿ찤ƣʱ롣

ҸҪػ죬߹ȥţֻ½Цվ⡣

ĺУɫףɫŷֿ㣬ɫ˶Ь
бһ黨裬ԲСϻ˵ױ
ڼŮʡ

ͬŮҪߵö࣬Ҫҳƽˣȳƣ̬ׯû
г̽ձļ󡣶ıӰеǰҼҵʱҾ
͵·ԴܺǴʣҲ
ء

½ĸ״ǽʮˣСǼ棬
Ҳ÷ˣҲ졣

ϣ˵ôһҳȥѽԭйҪѽ
ֳ½к~ ɩӣþò

½ЦͲẦˣЦ˵ڼѽѧ
Уżˣ

šõͷȻ죬һίĸ״Һò׷
٣һҳȥҲ֪ʲôġ

˺ˣϻˡ½ĺ󱳳ߣһ߽
Ӽһ˵һ£ϸ

ȥ䷽ĿյҴյߣѹ˵㿴
Ӱȥȥ

ûȤͣһ£۾һתֱӸٿǮ

ĶôǮ

ǼʲóһŶֵٰʮġ

ʮ

١

ʮ

١

ˡ˵٣Ҷֱӳȥء

һ塣üҲˣԼʼ½ˡ

һ٣ҪҪҪ

һŵӰƱ

~ 

ټһ׶ͯϷ

թһٿǮӵӰƱƱⶼˡ

ҲֱӸҶ١

żϻûǶ£һҧ~ ټһ׶ͯ
Ϸͷ㡣ڸϽߡ

ƵС죺ôżҳȥ϶й

½ʱôϴš

ȥˣ

ȥӰˡ

Ŷһ˵óʱûˣĻء½Щʧ


Ҳͷ˵ѽʲôĵģһ˵꣬§
ļҵߡ½˳ü˵żæ
ġ

ҽƵźϷţȻ֣ЦĿƺ
ǲµҵ˼Сһ죬Ҿ֪ûģ˵ʲôһѧ
ϰ

Ȱ¶Ȼѧϰ

ǰ§ס˳ѹ˴ϣͳӣƵıϴ˹
ȥֵҵϣƿ˵
˵ǲˡ

ֻβƵģ˫ִҸ´§סһ
һµ޳ѩײʵʲôˣ


ѽ~ ôôˣ˵¶ء½Žƿ

ҪǾϴH¡Ҽִȥ

½㿪ץͷ£յܲ
ʵһ㡣

Դһί˵Һʵѽ㿴ҵֶû㡣
һãƤЦӣʵʲô¶˵ɡ

½ڴߣ˵ݺݵһ١

Ϊʲôѽ費ǲ̸

ͷԥƬ̣˵ңǲǸˡ

ĸѽ

½֪֪ʣץͷıҵϣҸæЦ
֪֪ˣԭǸѽɡǡô֪ģ˵
ģ

Ťͷң΢˵ġأô
֪ģ

Щͷѽô֪أӦòѽ
͵ָһ㣡һʲôطƳˡ

ʲôطܱƳġɵң˵ģ

ֲǱҸ˵¶ʲô

ô͵ģ

˵šҳƬ̣ʵô͵ģ

ңڴʲô˵ңҲá

~ ۵ãҡ

ģ

½ˣһɣקҶ䣬۵İϴУ˵
ңҵĴ֣ۣ

½ſҵĶ䣬ʵ㵽ô˵ģ

˵׽Բء

ɵѽĶиѧ׽ԲصģŲŹ֡½ٶ
ҵ

һô˵ܲ˵ҰɡԵŮåƵġ

ŮåءǣǸå

ȻأȻô˵ģʵ

һ٣Ҳû˵ɶ

Ц㿴ⲻͶˡǰϰһϵģ
ȡЦСڶСڶĶвϴģͣŵ
͵ˡҹ׼ˣHǳ¶

½üͷһ˵ܲܲ˵໰

˵ңǰ컹ء

½ˣ˵Ȳġ

ɱƾװʲôʱˣ

͵ͨ죬ͷһʮ£һ̧첲񵲣
һ˵ҴҴҴˣҴ˻

½ͣͦزһһŴݺݵĵңҪ
ҡҾ͸˵

⻹ûأŸ״СҸСЬ

һۣҪҪ黹һء

΢΢һЦáɣԾһ뱻˩סء

˵ʲô½Ĺĵĵҡ

˵ģҪҪ黹һء

½ȻȦһ죬תߡ

æǰסС֣ǸҿЦأҿЦءᣬ
ôܲءԸڵԸΪ֦һ
Ҫ飬϶øѪ˨

½ǿƬ̣̲סһЦ۽ǹ飬ѵܲ
еУһ쵽ǻģֱƵġ

ֹţ˵ԽԽˡ

½Ц˵㻹裿

Һԥ衣

Щ˼ˣ׿ȥ˵ţûûƤ

ڱʵˣֻ͹׷ƨɺ棬
˵裬Hѧϰɡ

㡭½ŤͷңĴʵ㵽ѧѧҪ
ѧҾ˰

ѧѧѧѧҼҪߣϽסô죬
ʱߣס˵

½бһۣǰͳѧϰϣߴٵ㡣

ΣֻһѧϰȴèץƵģ²þ
ټϴյôϴ¶ȣԼͷǵϴˮζ
Կأ͸һŻƵģ̵ϸߣӲ
̡

Ȼ½ϱѧϰʵұĳɼҪãÿһдҵ
̡Դһһ߸⣬ֲʵ
ϣ·Ůϸ뵯ԣԺŽǹ
·ӵͷ׮Ļ档

½Ҳûֹң͸ʲô¶Ҳûһҽ⡣
һҾŲ񫣬»·°ڴ˽ȥֻů
ģһƬỬסһѡ

ϧһûüܣͶû˵ñʼһֻһ
̣۵ġϡһϽִ·˳

ҿͰ͵Ŀ½Ƭ̣֪ΪΣͻȻЦ˳
Ҳڴʱۡһûסһƨ

һȺΣ½С糺죬Цղ˵ʲô

ҡ˵ʲôˣ

Ǹղšһ˵˵ʲôۡ

½ŷȡЦոˣܻ˵˵Ұ㡣

ҹȵЦ㰮Ҿ͸ƨһ

߳ŭϺ˼£۵ġϡҽУ㡣

ûúѧϰҪȥˡ½ʰؼҡ

˰죬¶ûأĶ׾ôˡҴ
§ס󰴣૵
ܲ

½ֹͣʰŤͷ˵~ ֡

š

Ųţ

ҾͲš

㡭

½Ҫһһ˫ַֿô
ҵ֡ʵڱЩϻˣɴһݣע⣬ǰ
һƣһ§һȥ⿪Ŀӡ

½ѹź󱳣ǰ㣬˫ֳҪ
ôŤ޷ҵϾǵһĿˣҲᳵ·
¾ͽ⿪ϵͬڿһ¶Բѩ׵ƨɣ
ΪƵԵʣԵø̡ͦ

ֻźɣһڿˮԼĿһʣӲĴ
˲䵯˳

㡭ʲô½ԵЩš

ѽ

ҪӲҾ͸ȥѽ~ ȵȣ

˵ͬʱѾͦѨ⣬˶Ĺͷŷ
Ҿϲķ֣͹ʪŢˡ

ʪˣװߣЦĳЦš

½Ѿ쵽Ӻȥˣҧ´ᴭϢţ֪
ͽͣѾˡ

ʵͲסˣһַͷϻ£Ȼ׼Ѩڣ
һͦ缷һ֬⣬ֱӶѨ׻Ĵˬ˲ϯȫ

~ 

½һͦ﷢һԡ˲ϧ
ͦ˿ͳ飬δεףӹҲһͨࡣ

ûŮ֪ǶҵΣͨ۲죬ҶԼ
ļͻЩŵģÿνȥܰСѨŵģ¾
ֹ

½˫ֳÿƨɱײӶһ¡
ڿֻʵȸ˫û취ֵ̫۷еĸĽѨ
ˬʢ͵˼㡣

㡭š㡭𡭡ѽ

½ѩ׵ļѾȾ˷ۺɫҵĳǰʶ
ţߺǳ֮ڶ

վ缢ƿʵķHŪţִ°ڴ˽ȥ
˳Ź⻬߲סΣֱǰ⴦СĵĲ϶ܸо
ӣ˰ͷѾ̲ͦסһ󣬻һ߽


½ǰζΪԭ򣬽Ÿأϸ
˫ֽץԵϢ֮಻
Ҫ·ȥȴֲԸͣ壬ɴôСĺ
Ůɬظֹͦ

̫ʱûˣHŪһ֮󣬾Ȼ⡣æ
ͣס񣬳ŻὫѵúŪǰ
⡣

ȡˡ½Ƭ̴Ϣ֮żأ΢΢š

Ƶǹ񫣬ĲǺܷ㣬ϵ£ͦӰ
ӵġ§Сϸ򴲱ƶԾɲѨУÿһ
ظоѨļѹࡣ

ҽڴϣ˶Ьץֻŵɫ
СѾСɿɰĽһڣ΢ĺζ
Ĵ̼ɵòһ

̬½ߺ죬Ѿ˳

ҪȥӣľѳۣҲҪˣ½
ְҸ첲һߣԼͬڿһ
ĿתĶǹ壬־˼ץ𱡱ϣֻ
¶СԴߴҡ

Ķܵݴ̼˱ѣһϸȿڼϣͦ
ǰ壬죬ٴνͽСѨ

~ 

½ͦ𣬺﷢һ§ϸȷ
壬Hǰζ˫ֺץޱ

㡭㡭šеۡ

ˮô໹ۣⶼˮɽˡ

½ߺֹԾɲץֱߵıҶ˹
ŭüͷһȵ󵨵󸾣Ϯ١ź򣡡

˵գҼӴ˳δεףͷƵײŽ۵ӹ
ģɲǼ䣬ˮĽžž֮ڶ

~ ѽôʲô


½͵Ů𿴳ͦߣѨȴΪǳխƽʱ嵽
Ҫһ⣬ͣȫ˽ȥĦò
졣

HŪ˼ʮ£½Ȼʲôͷ˵ȡһ
ͣѽͣ¡

ͣǲͣģһHһʣʲô

㡭ˡǸš

ղ̫Ｑ˴ˡͬʱľڶ߻죬
ĸζһڼϣĶһӵġ

´Σ´һ

ѽСǡԼõġ

½ҪҸɴཫһϸҲڼͷ
³ѹؿϣͦΣһͨH.

㡭ѽҪ

ٶ˫ץסҵĸ첲Ѩƴѹ
ҸоҪˣҲͣͦ£ͻѨΣ½ͷ
һһץҵһ߬סͷԵ

ţһ𤻬ҺԻӿѨǻֻŹͷ̣׵
һ飬һͦͷģһɹŨ׾Һӿˬ졣

Ƭ̣һбѨ˴ϣڴڵĴŴ
½ӲãС΢ţͣ΢΢ţ˽
ӲŽƽϢȻȥ

Ҳģ׷ȥ䣬ԡСϴ塣
ȻЩھΣ߹ȥ˵ҪҰæ

½ת׼ˮ̲סЦ˳˵
ȰԼϴɾ˰ɡ

һϴһϴ

굽ԡļһ½һ£
ȥҸæס˵֣֣Сˤˡ۰


˵ʱ½ҵһˮһ
ǻڣǱ˸ղŵĳ

֣Цò׽ԧԡ½ӣŽż
ܻңҸں棬Сƨɣ

֮Ҽ˱Ҳƿ˽ȥ˳ƽ§
˸ϴ裬⣬оģһζҰ
ȴϣͷ۵֮ϣסӣ˰ķͷ
˱

½ҸĸֱЦҵԴѽֲ衣

ôһ˵ͻȻʲô´Ҫ
һͬ½ԣѽ

ק

û·˫ֳűӣҪסԼ塣

ѽǴȥ·

½ǲµʲôˣü˵㡭Ҵ
·ѽ

ʣ֪ˡ

Ȼ˻ô죬ඪѽ½ϾͷʹҪ
קɴץסűԵϳȥ

ʵû취ˣţȻܵĸ³
˼·ᳵ·룬ں˿˿֮ԥ
죬ѡ˺˿һ˫ɫ߸Ь߶߶Ļصҡ

ҲҴ·ѽ½죬˱Ť

㡭ʹһ㴩·ƯҾϲ㴩˿ӡ
Ȱš

ҪȥˣȻҪǻˣһˡ½
ߣԼ·׼ϣߣϸȣί
͵İʹһҵŮ񡣡

~ ѽ~ ᣡ㡭㲻ǰɣ½üͷ壬
һɻĿҡ

˵ʲôأ裬ܶ˼𣿡̹˵
ÿֲǸ̬ҡҾ;ţ·ͦÿģ֡
ֹҽ㴩һ£ģȻ󡭡Ȼ
󡭡Ȼġ

½Ϲüεˣزˣ˵
Ҵ·ȻǸǸ̬

ôǱ̬أҡɣȥң·ô
ѽ~ һû˵꣬ԴϾͰһȭ

Ȼ½ٰ㲻Ըβĺƭ֮£ջǲ鲻Ըͬ
ˡȴϰɫ£ȻڴߣϺɫ࣬˺ɫֱͲȹ
Լɫ󽫺˿СŲȽ˺ɫͷ߸Ь

Ȼһֱ˵ŲҪ·֮Եúܿģǰת
һȦЦ˵ôÿ𣿡

½ĸЩ·Ųʲã
ɫ˿࣬ȱֳϸϺ˿ϸ߸֮β
߸˳Եõ޳ԸС

Ψһвǣز󣬳ŲƨȱУ˵
ûķУϾǸСŮЩ˶еζ

ʤޣͷ˵źÿȻڵϣסĺ˿
ȣظֹֻ쬵ĸоֱҪ̫ˬ

衣½Ц˵

衣Һԥĺ

ӹԡ

ĸҵͷĺɫȡ֪ôģҵ
ﲢûгĸ׵Ӱ뵽½衣ٶ
ʵ̲סˣƷ˴ϣȷֿϣֱͲ
ȹڣź˿࣬ŰԴ쵽Ĳֻ
͹Ƶģ

~ ½ˣװȴЦ

Ȼֵϣһףһţ̲סˣ裬
кãöHһ°ɡ

еģĲеġ

裬Hһ°ɡ

ڻ˵ڵͬһʱ䣬űƿŵһ飬̧ͷȥֻ
һͬǳɫְͲȹɫ˿߸ЬĴŮվڷ⣬һ
ץű̴΢ţĿԲһ㵵ǡ

ֻе˲ͷƤ飬ŵúëˡ

衭ôˣ



ϵıӾ㵽ر˷ŭ

ҵͷƤһ飬ëˣ߶µ˵衭裬
ôˣ

Ϸ·һ㺮˪΢ŭĵ
ң·һ㡣

½ʹѹԴҵ£̧ͷһ仰Ҳû˵
ôƬ֮󣬡ۡһŹϡ

½͵ؽʹңһһߴſǻ
㣬㣬Ǻˣ

ҼķˣҲҶ˵ʲôйҪҲû뵽
ô磬͸ղһ£ŵò

½й֮æҵ·ŻŵĻԼ
·һ԰οû¶û¶ҪؼҵģùĿ
Ұ

һۣʲôû¶Ժôѽˣ
ˡ㻹˵ˣһ˵ô죿

ҽַļϣģģ¶Բ
˵ģ˿ڰ

𿪣Ժң½ҵִ򿪣ͷЬҳûϽ
ҵ·һߡٳǰ½Щˣ
͵Ŀңҹ죬ڹ򿪷ţ˳ȥ

ױƵĿ룬˫ֻǰɫ࣬˵ĵ
гһ죬ع֮ǰɱ⣬汻Ĳᡣ½
龰ŵˣһѣŵͷС
鲽ٳȥߵʱѹԴ˵˾䣺̣
ˡ

ûпҽ½ѧӣͷС˵˾䣺
̣Ҳˡѽ~ ۣ

߬סҵĶ䣬ʹק½ȣŻᣬɿ
Źţ֮󼪡

šҵĶ䣬ǰȻһŰ˽ȥ
ĵ˴űߣһţգ۾Ͱ͵Ŀ

Ѱ˰ҲûҺʵģʵ̲סˣ
ָָܣСѣֵ䡣

˳ָһܣͷŭң죿Ȼ
ӣŭ˹ֿȭԴʮ¡

ǰҷ˴򣬵Ǵ첲ƨɣô
ݵģԴϺܴڵ裬һͷĸٰ
ŭˣǿʹ߶Һһ

һ¾סҵĶ䣬صңҧгݵʵ
ղǸʲôأ

ûûɶ;͡졣

죿ʲôУղŽʱ˵ʲôٸ˵һ
顣

ˡҶظһ顣

ˣˡУˡһְҵĲӣһֻʹ
ҵԴһС쵰ûûСʲôЦҿǰɣ

ģҴҴˣĴˡ

һ󣬽ɿ˺˫ֲңڴڵĴ
Сǵһμ־ƽʱɧ
һҲ˵ˣֻʵʵϴ裬ҴĴҲ
ˡ

ˣ㻹֪ŭҹǶ

һ£æ˵ϡ

ָŴϵ·ʵ˵ô£

ͻȻԼƽʱĻ龢ûˣ֧˰죬
˵봩Ҿ͸

봩ȻûȫҵĹ

ǣ˵رϲ·˵㴩رÿ
Ҳԡ½ҲûڣʱȶɡǶ
Ҳѹңǳƽˡ

Ŷ봩봩Ͱ·˰㾭ͬûУ
Ӹµĵҡ

裬ͦϲһۼңָָǵģ͸׹
ŮƵģȱס

죡ŭһŵæ졣

趢Ƭ̣ٶʵ㣬ǰӣǲǶ
ˣ

ҡҡ

ǲǶ½ˣ

ǣǣǸˣϲ˳ְѹ˳ȥ
ҶԲ㣬治Ҹϣڼϴɻˡ

㵹Ǵ󷽣·Ůѡ֪ЩӶ󲻣
ϱǲ

ǣĵλûܹġ

ƶ죬ƶ죡賯ͷϴ£˵С
˵Ҿ̫ˣߵ㶼޷ˡ֪˵
ҹţú÷ʡ

˵֮ʰϵ·ˤŶȥѾȷˣ
ֲһԼ˵ڸ˭绰

һ⣬Ǹ½ڴ绰ɣҪ֪ˣ
鷳ɾʹˡ

˰СʱŽƬ̣Ȼڴ
һƬţ˵ʲôֲҿڡ

ã迪ڵҸղŸͨ˸绰

˵꣬˵㲻ᶼ˵˰ɣô˵¶


ҹˡһ㻹֪ˣ

νϾǸŮ¶Ҫ衭֪
˵һ룬бңϽϡ

ǿѹͷŭ𣬾ͻ˵ҽһȥǸ
ȥġ̸ǵĲԣǷչһҲ
׼ڱϾǸҪһꡣǱϼţ
ʱȷֿһ꣬ǿϴѧ֮ô̸ô̸Ǿ
飬Ҳԡ

ҸæӲ磺֧֣Ҿ˫֧֡



ʲô

ӽԺ㲻ټ½

üͷһ壺Ҫԧ죿

ҾͰԧˣʲô

ҡǡΪʲôѽ

Ϊʲôң͸ղǸԺô½
棬ϲΣ

ǣеΡϾǺùۣܲһӶ
Ůɣ

Ҹû˰öҡ˵ˣֻҪ
̸ǼҵŶҷŸ

ڰɣ½ͦģ¶һʱ䣬͹ȥˡ

۴Сһתͷ˵˾䣺ҹȥ

~ ˫ϥأ⡻ƶߣ˫§ס
ĺ˿ȣȥװһѱһӣ
дкãɡҵĽĲû

Цǡ˵ղŻ˵
λûȡأֱ½Ľˡ㵽ľ仰
ѽ

ϾᲢ۵ġһ裬һϱ裬ϱϱ
裬˭С

ٸˣƶ죬ڲҪϱֻҪ衣

ǡǳİȨ塣

üһҾǰȨ壬бҳߣԼȥ

˫ֽ§ס˿ȣĵЦĶѽǽ
һٸҲҳߡ˵ˣҲ᲻뿪ѽ

һ쵽ľ;ͻˣƶ졣

ҵĺһ£۵İһͷң
Ƭ̣ͷ࣬ʵˣ

ұ죬˵ͷȻڱ˿ϣװһ
ίģ˵ۡ

ãһǷ򡣡˵ȻֻǲͣԴ
š

裬ҴˣԺҲˡ

ղŭǰŻˣ֮ҽر
ɫְҵխȹµĺ˿Դ֪ˡȡ֮
ÿηҶڵϣװһЦӣ§ס
˿ȡ

ʵҾ뿫ͣʱֵûˣװСĵø
ȹӣ͵鱻ŵȹ֪ôǲԵģ׳
ҾǿƲסԼĵΪʵ̫̼ˡ

ҴСϲ˿ĴУʶ֮󣬸ǶԴ˿Ůжӡ
ֲȥ͵˵˿ֻ࣬ڼˣϾ
쳣ҲҵåŤ͵ɳȥһ٣۸
͵˿ȱǿԽܵġ

һɣ֮ԳΪһض˿񱻼ߣϲ˿йء
ΪСʱļȫʽˣΨ贩Ÿɫ˿Ļ棬
ӡҵԺǲģҾ˵ο
Լ

Ӱ죬Ҷ˿ʮֵ˽⣬ͱϴŵĺɫ
˿࣬˿࣬͸ϱˮ˿΢һЩԸã
иѣϸ£˳

ϲ贩˿࣬Ϊ˿һǹ⣬ԵøӸ߹
һЩʺܳġ

ùͶˣо˲ԾţͻȻֶ̧
ҵԴһ£ǳһ쵽ʲôӡ

Ȼֲᣬһɿĺ˿ȣҪվڹ
ʱе̫ˣˣһ룬ͨһָ

һ£漴һ֣Ц˵أûأô
ûѹǮ

򶼹ˣɴһɣֱأ˸ͷ˵
лĸ״֮

ƶһţɫͷ߸Ьϻͦ۵ģ
ȴˬ֪ǲʲôŰ

ҡȥԥһ£סҵ֣һ˳ƽ
ק

ߣߵλã˵¡

Ҽϱͻ࣬Ѿ˲٣չӦ
ĵ˵̻ˡȻͷһǹԹԵߡ
ָ̧ҵͷ˵ӣ費ǲ̸ؼ
ǸҪһ꣬𣿡

סҹɵĵ˵ͷ

ܲܰһգѧϰϣ

΢Ц۾͸Ŵ飬ɢĸĹâ֪һ
˵һ֣ôӭҵĽŭ

裬ĺŬѧϰˡ

жŬ

Ŭˣ㿴ÿζܿȫǰʮ

ֻ꼶ǰһѣѧУֲصУ
ĳɼͨһЩǿ

ұ۾˵ͷװ̵ܽӡ

ֳᣬϸ˵ˣǰæڹ
˶Ĺ̡ܽڡǱڿʼȫԸ̸߿

ǣ裬һֱڳѽÿǾӶд꣬Ϸ
ˣֻżһСʱ䣬һ£Žһѹ
Ҽ¹˺˪ϸĿڣȻǶǹȥʽˣڿ
ʼһĿȫȡڿʼҾŴ£һֻʥ
顣𣿡

ҵĶͷ΢Ц˵Ҿ֪ҶӶ¶أ
ǸƱҲҪˣ

ҾվƱҲҪûհ

ûգʱ㱣ܡ

ЩЩұѽǿҵѽ

Цһһӵģ㵽׻
жٸ᲻µģôרѧϰôأ

˫ֺʮɥ˵ֻǿƱӰ첻ҵѧ
ϰģͷŹǰɡ

ûһֿʼˣƶˡޱ˵
óԼҰҪҶ֣ҿɾĸû
˰

εı죬ܶһʲᣬ跭
ʵЩ

Щҵ˵ͷʵֻͨһصһ
ҲˣȻҲǷ裬ǷǸСѾͷ

費Ʊ˼±ˣҵͷЦ˵
ҵĹԶӣúѧϰ

ҽһ䣺ϡ

֪ͺá˵꣬뿪˷䡣

ҳһ̱˴ϡô˵һǰȫĶȹ
ȥˡе㵣½ֻûˣϵϣֲȥ
Ҳֻܵȿѧ˵ˡ

ʱѾ쵽ˣһŽ˵Ҫ
ҳȥԷҲ̵һ֣ȱһ٣Ȼ߶һȥ
ԶٴͣһƸ棬ϼƲˡ

ݻһ·ɫ˿߳£ɫ£ɫϥȹ
Լķɫ˿Լɫĥɰ߸ѥϿ¿
ƽʱͷҲ˸Ͳβٳǰһī
ϴְŮǿ˱˶衣

Ҹں棬ոչϴţȻȥĶˣʵ
ʵ˵ÿӰȥˡһֿŰһͳֻ΢ţȵ
СʱСֹһ䣬ֻ

ûʣһȥԷûӰˣв

ҴȥǳȥǼͣСţŷǳóԣ
ϧǣԷʱ軹ǲͣ߶ѧϰ£ֻһ߳һ߼װ
ɵĵͷǣʵǸţһ˶ӡ

òͽ׼뿪ʱȻи˵֣ͷһƣ
װ΢Цų˹һЦŴк
ܣʵ̫ˡ

ѽ̫ˡ˾òЪ࣬Ҫҡ
ǰǸ۾ңЦʵǡܵܣ

ЦĶѽҶӡ

Ŷܾȵôѽ˵ӵƤһ
ΪӸСѧءԭôѽ

ҹɵľ˸á

ϣ涮òҽáܿ䣬Ȼ
ƽͷӣλϣɵĳܡλгľ

֣ơ

ƽͷ΢Цſ裬ͬ΢Цſ

ʶѽЩ⡣

΢΢ͷѽͬѧˡ

ƽͷӳЦ˵ʮûˡ

˵ã̫ˡҸطһһ°ɣͬѧ棬
ˡ

ɣҶӻЩ¶ҪæϹź΢
Ц

ܿ˿ܣ˵ҲУʱɡ

˼䣬֮첽뿪˲ҽ׷ں棬е
裬ղǾļƣ˧ְֱŮǿˡ

ƨƨϣŤͷ˵˾䣺ϻ豾
ְŮǿˣҲǻؼҼǣűɼͥӵġ

Ĵָ޵ϵµóòɣ
ǷϰȢţǼĸԺţҲ
ġ

輥ϣˣ

½ĶܸѽǰһˮѾߡ˸
ŵĻ棬ʵ裬Ǹʲôܣͬѧ

ǰôˣ

񣬺е㲻ѽ

Ķˣбؿҡ

˵е㲻ԡҲҸ˵е͸һ
͸ҿ˿Ůʱһװȫ
뷨

ĬƬ̣˵Ҹһ꼶ҵѧǰ׷
ҡ

Ӧ𣿡һ£ȵеĸҵ۾е
Ҹò˽Ӱɣѽ~ 

ҵԴְһơ

һ쵽ĺ˵˵ѵһ䣬Ȼ˵Ҿû

ΪʲôѽҾţͦ˧İоϰҪ˧

ƷУѧʱһ꼶ѧø㻳ˣȻ
˼ҰѺӴˡ

еǹġ

ͻȻͣ½ŲŤͷңԳҸ˵Щ

ҺٺЦð¡ݿѧʵԿѸ˴֮
Ĺϵ

˰ɣĹϵˡڰͲԶء

ҸҪ˵ƼǰȺһϤӰϸһȷ
ʵϰûһλʮòŮ˫ֿĸ첲ͷ
ļϣ˵Ϊֹʮֵܡ

һ迴ȵָķ˵ѽ
ǡǲǸ˭

˳ָķȥ˰죬ʵ˭ѽ

ǸǸݵӾǸݻʵ۵ǸΪϰִڻ
ҿʼȻҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪ

֣½Źƹǿ軹Ƕأˣ
˭ѽ

һͷһۣȷϰѾˣԴЦ˵
ҿˡ

һۣϹ󹤷򡣡

һ·ֱֹϰָǸŮʲôϵ
˵ĻϰΪе㷴صģѵŮйأ

ɻص˼ңһѸ߸ѥһʵôˣһ·
ϳüģǷǮƵġ

ԼⲻС¶û֮ǰҸ˵ʵڱ˸
ϹŪȥˡЬȥϲٳʱ򣬺
˵ҹȥƿţ˾䣺˵ʲô

ǰһĻһʱѾѵ׳Լȹӣֻ
ңϰ΢΢ǰ˫쵽ڽ˿ֵĿӣû
·ڵϸѩ׼¶⣬Բɰļͷ˿
أȫû긾Ůӷ׷֣Ƿɫ˿࣬
ŷΣԼɼɫڿ㣬ԸУˡ

شϸԲĺ«ΣΣĸ״ˣ
һ

˵Ȼˣ֪ǳȥûдȥ϶ġ
ȻȥЩ˵һ룬ͻȻʶʲô͵ػͷ
ҰӴ̽˽㶵Ŀæץϵ·
ǰεĺǳһ쵽Ϲʲô

ҺٺɵЦŮ·

ץױϵһϻױƿҶ˹һ

ҸæϷţ˳ȥղŵǸΨ棬ȴҵԺþ
ɢ



Ȼѧϰ磬ȫ豻
ԼϰֺǸŮһֵĻ棬Ķ˼ѧϰ

Էʱ湻ˣСص˼ң
ĵģһžͱͷĺһ١ñѵЩȦ
֮ק̨ΪʲôôĻ

Ҿ϶Ϊ¶ûɾѾ
һ٣ٷˣѹһ磬ȫйͷϡ¶û
˵ֻװͿ˵˭֪ǹϵԭɣҶ
װһˣײǹˡ㵹ù

Ʋ죬ֹһ䣬תҪط䡣ϰֵ¶ҷһ죬
أͰ˻Էʱ˵һߡ

֮ĵһӦȻǾȵĿңʲôȥţ
ţȻûнң

֪ŮĪĸķӦһģһ

˭һͳȥˣ϶ϵˣ˭㲻ġ

ȥԷҲû˵ȥѽ˵ˣƭȥġ
Уţš

ⶼҪղû˵ʲôϰֿһͲ
Ůһءͦĵġ

Ž˼˻Ƭƺü˵ѹ
صģԭ͵͵ԼСŮ~ 

úȻһһæôˣ˵¶Ҫ
֪ˣǿɾʹ²ˡ

Ұһۣϻ⻹˵

üͷһ壬һĳݣֽǰסģҪ֪ġ
ʱǵĸͻѣȳܣٶ֣˵Ҫ顣
Ȼ̧ͷһңҪҪĻ˭
һҪġҵĳУдڽӴ
ʻᱻиϰ֡ϰҪٸǸСŮĻǵʱ͵ýǸ
СŮˡ

ҿЦõĿСԴһ춼ʲôѽⶼ
ûӰ¶أҪһǸŮֻϰѵŮأҪһǸŮ
ǵԶأϸ룬ϰҪҲҸͲ
Ů˰ɣôһŮأ۰ֳеС˧Ҳû˧
Ůĵزɡ

ǸŮֻͼǮǱϰְأ

ϰȻҵгɣҲͣһŮҪܴһǮ
ģϰĶôǮ

бؿң˵ĺܶӡ

Ҳµġ

ʱͻȻ󣬺ɵʵʲô
أֹģʲôѽ

һҸϽװǮϸ½
ǮϽҡ裬ǷǮ

˫ֲأʲôʱǷǮˣ

̾ûˣһ쵽֪Է

һۣ˲ԣɨһֻۣ˫ꡣ
Ҫڣȴʵ裬ҰأԷ

˭֪ȥĶˣ绰ӣϢء

öһۣû˵ԹԳԷԼʰ
ǸԻѧϰѹ¶һϰָǸŮһ
½һ˿ȣһ飬Ķ˼ѧϰ

ֻԡˣеҶӴɨˣ
ʵûʲô¶ɸɣҷҵһϾɵ
ҿе磬ɴſ˵̨㲥

û˯֮ʱźȻƿûͷҲ֪
˭ŵһ飬Ͻֱˣȴûܼʱص

˹ҵͷһ£ְ˹
ѧϰôôѾأĶôС㻹˶ٶ

ûˣûˣûˡ

Ķûˣ

ѡ

趢Ƭ̣˵˾䣺úѧϰȻûյ뿪
˷䡣

˵ܷĵĶûˣӦÿרעѧϰˣɻǲСҲ֪
ôˣһ;ӷͣƤֱܣɴɶҲɣ
ſϴ

ԺҲ֪˶ãԴϺȻһ£ܵ
ǵĿˮŤͷȥֻһˮվҵҸ
װĵͷӣֹţѣ

װˡ轫ˮϣ
ôúѧϰѽ

ںúѧϰԹȣϢһ£ſͽˡ

ʲôҲû˵ת뿪ķ䡣е㷴أֻˣ
ﻹһӣҵԡ

æʣʲô˼

˫ֱأαϣϸȽޱ
Ŀң˵㣬ʡٿС

Ҽˣеôѧϰ

㻹ѧϰˣǵʱҪ˿˼Ҽ࿼ʦ
վţܰ˼Ҹϳȥ

ҪңҲֻεıˡԱ
һ˵Сˣһ¶Ҫ棬ѧУ
ϰλҪϸ

̽Եʵ裬Ժһֱôѽ

Ķôйڸʲôʱܼо
ѧϰˣҾ͹ˡ

ãߴһˡСֹ˾䡣

˵ʲô

˵ǿǨĸ

ˣƶ죬˼ѧϰϡ

ʱֻһϢֻ鿴ҵͷװ
ѧϰ۽ȴ˹ȥڼҵʱỻְҵװ
Ͽɵ֯ȹһֱӸǹβ˿ỻɴ׿㣬Ȼ
񣬵˿΢һЩԼ͸΢һЩҲ
ȸ߰ɣҲûҲ֪ʲôоؼ֮󶼻ỻϡ

ͷʱţʱһɢβ裬ԡ
ȻļҾӴҲһǴȻ۸΢Ƿ˵㣬ȴ
һʡɻʱ򣬾Բƨɣ
̲סҪӺ汧סȻһ䣬̫̫Ҫæ𣿡

˸Ͳβ˸ᣬǺڰƵ֯
Ƿɫ׿㣬ϲèЬ׿ЩŮӻ˶Ա
ɫ׿㣬оЩ񣬵Զ˿ֺʲôûд

ͷֻǹЦ⣬ʶҧĴָָף
ЩƤıһһµô棬ЩĲɣһС
Ľʹ˵ϡҸæȥʱʶַһĴȡ

̧ͷһۣҼװ⣬дӣǸղŷôһ
£ҾþòͻȻ׿ָв˿ֲ֮࣬Ĵ
ȴ˸оĴ̼ҵעȫתˣû˼ˡ

軹ڿֻһ̲סԥƬ̣Ȼ⽫ʹ
˵ϣȥһֱӰĴϣ
ܳӣڵѰš

ЩڣȻܿɫ׿СȣԼ
èЬĿɰѾĺ߬סϸԲĽһգ
ϧûҲֻһˡ

Ҽװ˺ôþʼʱӴû
һ¡ò˵˫ˣϸ
޳棬Ŵ׿㶼ܸоУи긾Ů
ϵɳڷֲֵһƽʱбֶȴûмӲȣ
ĺ

ֻ̧ۿңҼװ˼Цһ£ʼдӡ
û˵ʲôͷֻ

ӣֿʼˣһСģһι˵ϡ
ҪִĴϣȥʱһѽҵִһߣ
ëһֱµȻʼص
ϣ棺ҪٰѱϵС㰡۶ӡ

Ҳ֪ǲǷҵС˼Ĳˣˣ
ʵʵĵͷдӡֻһֱϢЩķң
ס˵֣ŮʿѧϰˣҪֻȥ
棬𣿡

Щ˼ˣ뿪䡣Ϊˣ׼ɿû
ֻˣ˵費ԡҰֻŵȥˣ
ѧϰˡ

û뵽ôִţҲʵûа취ˣֻļ£ѧϰ
ˡ

Һò׿Ҫʱ򣬷ͻȻһڣͣˡÿν
һͣ磬˾͸ũūѸ質һʼҰʣҺҽС
ѧУɵϰߣͣ˵磬Ҳ̲סһͣ~ 

Ǳϴõ֪~ 

ҵͷϾͰһ£Լѵ⣺ͣͣ磬ʲô

Ҳ֪ںڰ֮Уôʹô׼͸һ
һԴ˵裬£ڡ

ڲΣءֻɳϣȥù

١ţȥ

˲ͣ磬۾δӦںһƬұܵǰ
ϣȻ֯ȻܹоǷ
УǸճĴͷҺȷ鷿Ȼ
ʶһ£ִԲеԡ

Ķأ轿һҵĸ첲һߡ

æǸԲ𣬶ԲҲǹġ

ҪǹģҾͰָˡѵһ䣬ĬƬ̣˵
ȥŸ

Ҹæƿ裬ȥֻ˵ȥ
ҵһߡճţֻˣһ£
õֻ˳ҵֵͲ

֪հֻ裬ԭأˡͬʱ
Ŵϰֻˡ

ղͣˣϰһ߻Ьһʡ

һ춼ĶȥˣϢһҲڼţڲŻ
ûķʵ

Ǹͬ¼Һ˵¶ȥ˸æϰֵĻЩɡ

Ҹöһۡ

׷ʣʲô¶ѽҪæһ졣ϰִ߹ʱ
һţʵȾˣ

ϰ˵ͬ¼ҵĺҲϸУ쿼ѧˣС겻ҲҪѧ
ҹȥһ£Ͼͺ

ЦԼĺ㶼ܣȥ˼ҵĺӣǹ
ȥСӶˣ֪֪

ϰֻͷңôˣˣ

ûаҺܹѽһֱڼѧϰװһ޹ӣ
һۣһȥˡ

С˵˵ɣÿû˵

бؿңá

ɹģŪġһһĻ棬˵
ǸŮӵƯģ֪˭ҵŮʱϰֽһ¡

̬Сɫǡðһۣתߣ׷濹飺
˵Ǳ̬Ҳ˵ɫǣ㲻˵̬Ҳ
˵СɫǣĶСˣõ⡣

һѧҪǸһֱң˵ǰѵ
߿֮ǰҪԶ㡣֪λԧ죬Ҳûޣ
Ȱ˵˵Ǳסݶ飬ֻǴӵϱ˵£
ϴ¶붼ˡ

ұϾǸѪʢĴСӣֿϣʳ֪ζˣ󣬱
˵ϴˣ춼ã˭סһ컹̣ʱ䳤
ܲˣȫǷ¶ŵʦҪ
٣һΡ

µǣҷԼԽԽעˣ촩ʲôױ
ÿÿο˿࣬ﶼйڶʵ
ﲻסˣյ͵˿ڼϴɻ

µǣһҾȻһΣԸеС
ҵļͣ˱ʱŹͷ״ˬҿ䲻ֹ
ڶʱ򣬾ȻžˣŪ˯ģֲҸ˵
ֻԼ͵͵ز

ЩˣǰһżͣĶ
Һ裬ֻǹѡҲʶԼԽԽ
ŮˣһԸгŮˣͬڼ
Ļ档

֪ǷģǴģԽѹ֣ԽʢΪ
˻Ҿռıˣݴ̼ͬʱ
ȴޱȵֹ֣ϾҾĸ״ˡ

ϰƳ飬ºϸ룬оܡϰô
ʵһˣҲûʲôӣţôأҶԷǸ
Ůֱ̫췽ҹ̷ˡ

ͬ߿ͬʱ˫߶ججĹһ¡һ
ѧżǶ߳Уţ俴ԶվŵһƯŮ
òͣȴһֽСĸоΪǰƴСɡ

۾ģССģȭ裬źװ
ǿɾŷֿԼЬǽͷ䣬ֳŮԪ

ŮֱĶǣҾЩ죬
ӷС˵Ůͦÿû

ѧУġһλͬѧС˵

һֱǸ˭ʶѽ

ŮȷʵǼƶ˭ҲʶѽҲû
¶

ڶ죬ǸŮˣǷѧʱվѧУſڣǼ
ӷЦ˵ǲǰ˭ѽ

˭

˭˧

㡣

Ҳ㡣

ʼվǸŮе죬ɾ벻һֱ˵죬
վޱĶǿӷʵ̲סһ˹ȥ
ڨһ¾ȥԭ˵Ƥ񡢲Ҫ

Ҳ֪ҵƤǲҪǸ˳Ҳ
е棬͹ȥˡ

ŮޱĿҳ쵽ǰʱͻȻתߵˡ
ıӰʱ͵ϰָ첲һֵСѾͷ
ϰֵ˵ӦϰͬµŮ

ô˵ѾͷӦǳģΪʲôÿζվԶԶģֻ
ңҲ˵ʲôѽ˵ġ

ϰɳϿӣҳʰʱԱߣС
˵֣ϸ㲻˵ȥͬ¼ңŮ߿¶𣿡

ϰһЩɵĿңʲô

ҾʣǸŮǸŮʲô֣ʶ𣿡

ͬµĹŮôʶ

ԥƬ̣Сʵ֣磬ڽϿһ
СŮֿһ֣Ůǲ˵ģͬµŮ

ϰһƬ̣ͷǣǣͬµĹŮ
Ҵȥ̲ġ

ЩɻϰЩƵᣬǸƹҿ߿
ûĹôһͬµŮȥ̲ġ

Ƭ̣ϰֵʵ¶֪

֪ͣһ£ŷʵ֪

ʲôҡʲôµģ˱Ƚ϶ɣᡣ
һ²һ£¶ͱ֪ˡ

~ У衣ѽµ㻨Ǯе
֧ˡҳٺһЦϰҵ˼õĲѧ
һ쵽ĥ˵ɣǮ

ָϰ˵ҷŵӺ棬Լȥá
һ䣺ʡŵ㻨һ쵽ִŵģǼҵǮǴġ

ǣǴģǵٳġһڼԼ

ʱӳ͸ץƵģæã
װӣʲô¶ûһ迴һۣԴ
һ£Ȼ󹴹ָʾҸߡϰָҸҳһ
´Ĵָġ

úϷţȻֱĶ
ҡҺȻйɲõԤУɵЦ˵裬ˣһ׾û
أҵøϽˡ

ϸĵۣû˵ҲûŲطҿ˰죬ֱ
ͷƤˣŻڵ㣬ǲ͵ҵ˿ˣ

˵һ£æװɵ㶣ʲôʲôˣ

ҵ˿࣡ûã

ûа֪˵ʲô

˵һ顣ҡ

ûУûã˿ʲôѽҼװЦӡ

˵ͷЦǲײĲǰɣ

ҡö˶˵ҼײĸɶԽԽˡ

ңϸݸ˫˿࣬ת۾һ˫ʱ
ûҷһ£пܵķ˭ܲ
ְɣ

ҲǼˣҪר͵Ůµı̬
Ѿʼ˵˵ˡ

ҿ̬

ҺٺɵЦЦãô㣬ô˱̬ˡ

ô֪ö˶һӣôͳ˱̬ˡЩżˣ
Ȼ󳤳̾һһ£ʵ˵ʵ㵽û
ã˵ʵ豣֤㡣

ȻƢ꣬һ㻹ֵóƵģǽţ˵һ
˵־;Բᶯ֡¶ˡˣ
Ѿ˴ˣʵǶأҳвʵνˣ
ɴ㡣

ǡˡһ˫

һ˫۾ҡ

һ˫

ȥʲôˣ

š͸ˡ

赱ɵѽ

Ͼǹˣ϶֪͵˿ʲôˣ¶
֪֪Ҳܿڳѽʵ̫ˡ

ûм׷ȥߵױ̨ǰ߽һ
ЩȻһɫʵ˵ʵ͵ҵ˿֮⣬
û͵ñ˵Ķߡʲô¶

æַģûУûСҸҸ֤ٷ֮ûС
зִģǼͥڲףһ١ȥ
˵ĶΥҪġ

~ 㿼ǵĵͦЦ˵˼ȫ
ˣһ쵽ľ۶ӣʲôʱҪѧϰµ㹦
ʡѽ

ǣұ֤úѧϰ֤ʡġ

ȥɡǵҸղ˵Ļúһ롣´ΣҲ
ƨɡ

˸ĸңҳһһ亹ൽڻ
ͨͨļšղ˼ˣ֪ҸʲôˣǸ
ӣû϶Ҳ֪ģԲ
ôһ侯Ļ

ص֮ҴܳµСóһ˫˿࣬
Ħһ£ǰǰ軻ϴ¿ûüϴԭ
ζ࣬ԥ˺þò׳ŵ͵ģΪһĵ˺óһʱء

͵˿ɻ¶ûٸˣ˫ĺ˿ԭζ
ղˣһҪúϧС

ļ죬ǸŮûٳѧУſڣòϰִ
Ϣϰֺܼɻӣ˼Զ㡣Ȼ֪СѾ
ͷʲôҾ¶ôȥˡ

ֱһĩ磬Ҹ½Լˣһȥ꣬ȻǱλ
͵͵ȥġòԶȥһȦȻ
ſڼ

վ̨˻ͦ࣬µĵ·ʱͻȻվ
һˣʶŤͷһۣȻǸƯСŮȭ
裬ſɵ˶ף洩ſţп㣻ƴСϻ˵
ױֻ۾ִë䳤Ŀңȵģ
ֻֿС

ϰͬµŮ

ңҿĬƬ֮һЦŮ㰵ѽ

˫ֲ¿ڴһãȻؿң˾䣺˭ѽ
öŴֲһ˿ɳƣеԪĸоܿɰܶ

㲻ʶңҺٺЦ˧ѽ

˸ۣûҡҲ⣬Ц׷ʣ㲻
ǰĶɣŶˡװһȻӣ
ǲˮϰࣿ

ѽҰˮϰġ

ǾͶˡһ֣ҰҲˮϰ࣬ǰ϶
ʲô֣

Ƴһۣû˵Ҳ⣬оˣЦ
ŮȥĶѽ

ȥĶʡ

ȥ»ꡣ

Ҳȥ»ꡣ

٣ⲻⲻǣ

ʱ·ýվǰ˳··
˿ͱȽ϶࣬жϳиվĵطͲˣλˡ

ҸŮһͬжλã˰ˣͦģҲûɳ
ͷĳ̶ȡȻղ˵ɺϣȴţѾͷ϶ǳ
ģΪʲôһʱҲ²

ǲʲô¶̽Եʵǲʲô
¶ˣҰæ

һۣû˵

Ҽ˵ʲô¶㾡˵ϲΪˣ
ƯŮ

û˵СģȻʶʲôʵ
ˣ

ʮ塣

ǸһǣμӸ߿

תתЩãȻȻû˵ʲô˼

ʱվȥ˼ˣҸǰĳ˿ʹһλϴ
ﻻһٸ黨ȹӺ˿׿㡣ҵ߱ܵŴ
˹ȥȻûȣٻЩζġ

ҶһȻԱ߻һأתͷȥŮҲŤ
ͷңղҵһһ϶Ƶ

Цһ£ҪΣƣתٸ
ϣȻֻصҵϣ۾һգһգģЩãȻЩ޹

Ȼץסҵ̧Ҳ֪ʲô˼
Ҫ˵ǣҵ֣ٸĴϡ

ٸѽһŤͷңҲһãȻ֪ĿȻ
һƺҵϡ



ұΪĳ˿ǵɹɫǣŤ͵ɳ˵ɫ
ˣ˵ǹɫǣֱǶҵô¶ĺӣ
ôڹôأǱݺġ

ĳ˿Լɳľ壬ȫҵĽͣߣ
ָͬңСС;͸ڹŮǻˣ

λ˴ȵٸŭգߣץӡ
֪ܺߣҲҲܺѽɺ޵ľǸСѾͷ
ݺҾʧӰˡ

ǱҪѧУ쵼˵ģһѱһᡢ֪Ͼ
Ҫ߿˵İ£Ӧֻ֪ͨҳʵ֮⣬һ˸ʺ
ɳҳȥ¶е㶪ˣҲ֪

ϧôɣʲôʲô

ɳѯĵŽŸ֮Ǻε
ŭؼ¶һͲ塣

ʱֻһ˵ؽ

漴һӢˬʵŮ˵СӺȶˣִϱ
Ѿơ

һ˵ҡҡûûûˡ죬찢
̣Ҹϱġ

˭㰢̡Ķȥݴš

һ˵ӱ˽ˣһʮµŮ죬
һɫƷ쵰β裬ԼһߣȻѾ˵꣬ȴʮ
ֵӢʮ㡣

̫Ϥˣû뵽ˡϳϽ
תһߣͷ

ŮתȻͣ˻طſڣ̽ͷҿ

С

Ҽʵסˣ̧ͷЦ̣ɣʲôʱϰˣ
ڳǹɳ𣿡

½ĸףδĸء

ҵˡذһ˫ֲڿӿڴ´
һ飬ʵôأ

ҡվ˸ͣ򶨵˵

ȻҵĻƬ̣ŤͷСһ¡

ôˣһоߵſڡ

ذָʣô£

о쿴һۣЦ˵Ů˴ȣ
ץ˸С

æ磺ԩǱݺġ

ذüң㵽û˴ȣ

ҡˡǡǡЩ״Ρ

ʲôѽذһĵҡ

ͷ֪ô˵ղѾ˰ˣҲûţ
ںֻһ壬һʩ壬γ
ҵַλϡԣҲܺˣļӺߣ
Ǹʩ塣

Ǹʩأ

֪

˵˵ذƳһۣתҪߡұ֪¶
ģѾ֪ˣҽ¶òˡ

Ҹæ׷ſڣһذ̡

̻ͷһۣûذ̡

찢̡Ҽɫ̫ÿæĿڣ㡣

ʲô¶

ĵЦҵĳСҳģҲҵļ໤ˡ
һ¶ܸܲ˵һȱ֪ͨѽȥɡ

ذЦϣ֪ѽ㲻ԩ𣿡

ԩģ˲ǷѽҪˣ϶˵Ⱥ
ݵһ١

ãһ쵽ǡذ΢΢ͷбؿң
һûء

Ҿŵò˵ˡ

ԼĪ˰СʱȻһ߸ЬȻ
磬ŵһ£˵ˡ

ûӦѾ̤˽ɫװͲ
ȹɫ˿Լɫͷ߸Ьģϣװ磬ֱӴӹ˾
ﱻйġ

һžŭңŸ߸Ьֱİͷ
˹ŭĺСʲô

æͷ͵裬˵ᣬ˵

ҽͣתȦ׷Ŵҡذվſڣ˫ֲ嶵
ЦЦĿ



ȻҲǱԩģûš谴ҵͷһϹ˵Ǹ
ټɳ񾯵ĵ⣬ٸͬ˺ͽ⡣

ɳΪһٱᣬû뵽ϳ֮󣬾ſڷ
ϣԵúƣӡҪһ١һ٣ҵܽܣϾ
ѾϰˣӣҷЩھˡ

ҽطļͷС˵裬ҽ͡

ңһŭǣʹһ¼Ҫҵ˦

Ҽͷϣٶ˵ˣֻСһԡã
̧ͷ̾һС˵ôѽ

ίͰ͵˵裬ԩġǱݺġ

˭ݺģ

һСŮϰͬµŮ

ͬµŮüͷһ壺ݺʲô

Ķ֪ǿҳ̫˧˰ɡ



裬ôͲأ

ҲأôͲأ

ҡһʱǰҲƣʲôʱô
ûгŵˡ

ĬƬ̣˵Ҳ˲㣬úһ£Լ
ΪңԼ𣿡

ҡôң

СΪҲ֪˽͵͵ĸʲô¶û
˵͸ˣǸӡΪɵѽŭң
˵Щ㵽ûУ

ףסüʹͷ

׻ǻҷģǷƨѽ

ҡԩġʲôûɡҪţȻȥ
ϰ֣֤

ǲԩģܹǰҽеɳһ˰ɡ

һ룬ȷʵҲǣǿԸɳ־Ϲģ
ͦ˵ġ

跢һ·Ĭû˵һ仰صûңҲû
ңһԼû
ˡ

ϰֻ֮ҷŭĽ˵ˣҪǸͬµŮ
ϴˢҵԩϰ֮Щ죬ʵȥˣ

ǰֹһΡҧгݵʵ˭ѽôݺҡ

ϰִһȻŻŵĿʼ˿ڴͳʮ
ԪƱ˵㲻˵㻨Ǯ̵
ǮţҪǲˣְٸ㡣ԺǸŮȥ㣬ǧ
У¶ǧǧ֪

ϰֵķӦҵϣ϶йѲŮ
Сˣɾƽ޹ʵҰ

벻ףϰǧƼգưͳԻ
˵ˡ

ҹұˣȥϲźԼһЩϤϤ˵
Ǵ̨ģڴ绰

ô˻˯ҵ绰ࣿòҲ֪˭

ұܵĸо绰йأŵ˹ȥ¹ϡɼ
贩˿˯£ɫֲƵɳϣͷ
ڼ֮䣬ʹס˰žµСˢӣ
ĵڽͿָ͡

¹͸ϣһ㱡ɴ
¶ѩ׼羫Ĵ㣬ϸ塢⻬·ɢʥĹâ
ͬͻһ㣬ƻãҾȻһ˿ٵĸо

ΪҵĽŲᣬ貢δ̾˵˵Ҷף
ҲˣҲˣƤڶ֪ôˡ

⻰˼˵ȷʵҵ顣ʱϲ¶Ķ
ڽҪǵ˵Щʲô

ֻС˵֪ഺڣҲ֪ഺڵС
ƤѾˡǰʱҹžŪһӣҲ֪
ǲ֪ǲ˼ѿ͵͵زˡҶʱ
ˡûУҾ˼ָȥˡ

һ̣Թ裬ôʲô¶˵ѽ漴һ룬
ԭ˯㣬ͷѽ

ھȥ鷳ͺñȽ¶˼û׷Ҫ
ˣһŭֵ֮ѧУ߸ͱϣⱲӾ
ϻ裬Ҳ˭ģѽ

ҵЩжָеһ˿ھΣСȻûɶңΪ
ҵ飬ûٲ͡

֪Ǹ¾ˣô죬ܰ˰
ˣҪҪ

ոյĸж˲ɢҵԹǳѽ

ʲôûáʲôҶӹŮΪǰֽһ
ѽڻôʲô֪ѽǲҪ
ҵôһͷˣ

ڳܣڿЦ

ҶѾԧ죬ֿˣ㻹Ҫôھǳ
֪ô졣ĥһ죬մȥҽ
ڿЦ֪ഺڵкҪ۲Ѿԧ
˵ĵɣûӣ㲻֪Ҹ˵һ
Ҫܣ˵

ȻѹС˵С͵˿࣬Ǹװ⣬
Ǹ

ڸоˣǣô¶˵
ѽҲҲµһȷʵ֪ˡ

ĸأ뿪Ц˵δĸҲ
ˣûѽ

һԺȻذ̵ӰģЦûа
׽У㻹أĶѽ

ǣĸ࣬˿ࡣ

ʵҲЩͿˣǰҺԼǵ˿࣬
ԽԽע豾ˣûд˿ʱҲĪ
嶯µ顣

ģǰѳ־Ǹ˿йصġҲ
ȥҽģڶڼﴩ˿ˡ

ԭˣ˵ôԽԽˡȻѾ
شƫϣļ紺㵽˶죬˿ϽֵŮ
ǡ

ϣҾȥ͵˵˿࣬͵͵˴
Ǳ̬ء֪֪ⲻŬֹһ̬ô
ǰҲûëܾžǲ֮еģ
Ҳȥҽġ

ҵһЦˣλѾɱ̬ˡ

²裿ô赼ϻô˿Ҷ
Ц˿ǳģҶӻһҪء

ذǴžƷӡûм˿ࡣذ
̴˿ʲôأҲɵ

ľãҪǸô졭֪Ӱ
ҪùӳˡҲ˼Ȱ߿˵ʱ
ߣܾͺõˡ

˵ûһӽǳ״ɢˡ

ʲô˼ѽŮ㲻㲻ҲϡٸҳЩûõģ
ʱҾͰǼһӣŮ㲻Ҳϡ

ƽʱ˵ҷ룬ˣǲĲ

ҳڸô죬Ҫһθڹ˴ȣ
´λ᲻ᡭҳУҪǸˣҿɵ鷳ҾŻ
˰ɡʲôаŮѽǼС
ʲôѽˣ룬컹ϰأͷ˵ɡ

Ҫֻˣ͵ϽŵĻصң
˲ˡ

ڶ죬һֱĥذ̸ĵʲô⣬Ҳû˼
ѧϰˡѧʱؼңĸ߸Ьڣ㺰һûлӦ

תһȦûмˣ׼ϸҪ
䣬ȴվϴ»ǰִֻϴǰһֻϽż
˫ûп˿࣬üͷھʲô

Щƣʲôô񣬸ղźûҪڴ
ͼ轫˿δ򿪰װ࣬ȫӽϴ

һͷˮ˵ڸʲô

ҧ´ϴ˿һֽȫ˳
Ƭָ̣·˻ȥôַ˺üΣ
¶˾ģ˿һӣת뿪ҿǽվ棬
ŵòؿڣӣèİһ㶯
ҲûСҲһˣ

һ޹˵Ҵкˣû

ͷһϴ˿࣬ȻĶ˵軻
˿࣬Ȼû㲻׼͵˰

һãȻĿ

ʲôѾԶˣ֪֪㻹
ˡһۣȻֹĻȥˡ

üͷһͷˮŸղŵ龰ܾƽʱЩ
һǻŻŵӡȻЩɰ

~ Ȼÿɰ裬ֲ̫

ղ˵Щʲô˿ûҲ͵ˡ
ոմ򿪰װ˿࣬ΪʲôҪǿûڹʾ
һ͵ǲ͵أ

˫ֱأԴüĿĿ˿࣬Ȼ˿࣬
Щոտ˿ûȤϻԭζ˿Ļ
ǵеȤ

ȵȣ

òڵɣ͵˿࣬Ȼһ٣ٴȥ
ҽ

ǣҲûѽذͨ绰ʱ˵װ׵ģ
ûаᣬӰҵĸ߿Ҫʹˣ
ôһȦɡ

ˣ˵²衣ѵҳȥ鷳Զһֻ۱һֻ
ۣڼҪ

Ҳ̫թ˰ɣҲնѽΪ
ɵƲԭζ˿˿

Сָһ˿һЦȻ˻ȥһתͼǽ
վ棬ޱĿңһؿ˵ʲ
ôأǻȥˡ

跴ʵʲôأ

ûʲô

ûʲô

ǰûʲô

ʲô

ûʲô

ûʲô

ҡŶˣϲ

˵꣬ת˲ʹʹĽˮѣٳʱѾˣ
Щ˿Ҳϴʧˡ

ҳسһ˵պգĵô
ﻹͦġ

ϣȻһԶѧϰڱضˣڼﶼʼ
ţпˣɨˡõһǣҿ԰ѧϰˡ

ҹڴϣȥ⼸췢£ԼĪʱ
䣬ĵŵĴ򿪷ţ̨ûж貢û
һذͨ绰ﲻЩʧ

죬ܸоЩŹ֣б۶ң͸һķ
ҡ

˵죬ɳϸְӢ
ҹ˹ָʾҸȥ⼸ķٶҾ
ţ֪Ҫڷеȥҽˡ

ݺڵϣָнױҡ
ᱡ֯£洩ţп㣬Ŵ޳ȣԲ
󣬴ŰɫĽѾЬҺǽ䱸

ĬƬ֮ʵѧУô

ܺá

ܺãǡѧϰأûѧϰ

С

½أиһ𣿡

ûС

㡭һɻʵôƽʱһ

Ķһ

ôûǻҲ˵ֻˡ

𣿡

Ǻáӣܾе㲻ϰߣоֵֹġǲ
ʲô¶üȻ󼷳һӲ΢Цװе˵
𲻺˼˵˵

û¡˵ҹ֣һء

Сüбҡ

ûСҿЦ˵

С

ûС

žһһӣ۾ңɵ˵
У

СҸϽͷ

ĴβЦ˵£˵˵

ε̾˿鲻õ𱸵ССͣ̾ʲ
ô

Ҷ֪ԼΪʲô̾ˣһģڴλ˰죬
Ҳû˵ż˵ʲô£˵ô
˵Ҳʶʮˣʲôܸ˵ġһֵۣ
ɣҵ裬ҵĺѡ

̲ס¶үֻı飬һЦ裬ײ
ҶˣװѵϷ

豻˵һ죬ԴһơͷίͰ
˵裬ִңҵĺѴҡ

ȻǳڱܷӦ֮Щڣҵͷ˵
Բ𣬶Բϰˣ費ǹġ

ϰ߿ɲ̫áҿЦ

ԵĽƬ̣ȻЦ˵㡭
ģ㲻˼˵ﻰ֪ӡɣ˵ţ
˴ߣ˫ַҵļϣҰڴϡ

һ㶣æʵʲô

ɺã辯

ҹԹԵڸĸĴϣԴɬͨһѲ
Ϊ˻ҵҪʲôСľҪҵ
Ϸ



ܰɡ

ҼڴĿ裬첽ߵ˴һߣ
ҵԽԽ̲סʵ裬Ҫʲôѽ

ڴϣ˵㲻Ҫҡ

ԥһ£Ȼһƽڴϣֱ컨塣Ȼ
ҵ֣סҵ͵һ£ֺܹ⻬
ϸ壬Ĵ΢ҲЩš

衭ѽ

˵۾ŶԷĻڽԸ˵˵
ﻰˡ

ԭΪҸղŵ뷨еЦȴָеһ˿ʧ

˵ʲôﻰ

ʲôﻰУ˵ǰ˵ֲҸ˵ġ

˵ֲ˵ģֹ˼䣬͵Ҫ
˵ˣɱҰ

ôأ赱ʲôˣĸϻ˵ɡ

ҿ˵˰ĺÿȥˣԣֳֶһ
ĲԸһȥ衣

~ ңҴǲ

Ҽ̧˸첲Ҫ򣬸æסͷ˵˵ҵġ

һ㶣ֽ̧ס˰գðŷǿмһ΢Ц
Ҳ㡣˵Ͳ㡣

ʱŴ򿪣ϰּ龰ɵһһͷˮʵ
ڸʲôأ

һɣѯأǣϽ
ȥ

ϰŵòһ˳ȥϡ˻ȥЦ˵
µˣԼˣ˵ɡ

Ҷ˵˰Ҿܣǰһֱ˵Ƣ

˭˵ЩˡֺֺЦû˵ң˵Լ
ʲô˵֮ʲôġ

֮룬軰ﻰһֱǷ֪
ʲô¶ҾԼܹƵסҪġ

ҷ´˵˰ɣûʲô˵ġʱ䣬һ
ȥ׾Ӱɡ˵꣬Ҫߣһվס£

죬ε˻ȥҲ֪ø˵ʲôɴ෴ʵ
Ȼǽģܹ˵ѽأʲô˵ܣ

ң˼Ƭ̣ϵһĨΣЦһһ
ܡ

еȤæʣʲôܣǲϳ죿

㰡

æϣĬΣһЦС˵ҡһž
С㡣

ЩŤͷͨ죬˼˵ҡҶ
˵˰ֶ֪

֧ԴӣȤĿЦ˵һΪ
첻µزأԭҲѽ˻С㡣

ˣЦֲ˹ܻˣΪʲô
ѽҸ㣬ÿȥѧУҳᣬҶŵҪ

ҳʲôýŵġ

ǲǵСѧ꼶ʱͬıӵˣǰ
εȫҳѵң˵ûҽ̣ĸĲ̺ܽӡ֮
Ҿرȥļҳᡣ

ϷŬţð˼ЦЦ
ģұŻŻ˭֪ˡ

Ż˼ңͷСֲǼҳˡҸ
ʹǸ˵˵ŷ㡣

̫˰ɣСӴ

Ǵ֣˼ҾУ԰衣

˺ˣ˵ˣˣʲôرظŮ
ڿǲ۲۵ŮȨߡ

ŮȨƨ֪ʲôŮȨ˸ʶϹá

ŮƽȨŮԡ

ЦŮԣڹ˴ȣذ

Ҷ˵ԩˡҼˣҪ¶Ҿ
ˡˣ

УҲᣬҲᡣ¡ֽ˻ˣ
Ѿ˵һҵˣҲ˵һ

ü˰죬ĥʲôԸܣ˰Ҳ
ǲ˵˵ûɶ˼ġ

˰ûӦɴʵɣ㡣㡭½
Ǵʲôʱʼģ

붼û룺һ꼶

һ꼶һһ꼶Ǿ͡

ǰ죬ذ̺ˣ˵Сڣ
Ҹذ̽裬ˣ

𣿡

аǾͿʼϹŵĽһʼҲ˵
ģ֪ô͵ˡ¶ذ̲֪𣿡

ŶȻԭ˵̸¶

Ȼأ˵ʲô˵գҲ͵طӦ˹˵
¶

ԣ˵ľ¶

룬Ҵ¶Ǻ氡Ƭ̣˵
ǰ꣬ϸһʱ򡣡

ô𣿡Щ⡣

ˣһͬѧеʱѾšʲôˡ
ⶼˡ

Ĭ˰Σʵ˭ȵģ

ʲô˭ȵģһʱûзӦ

ǡǡѰ˼˰죬һҧʵ˭ȹ
˭ģ㣬

Ҳ˭ȹ໥

Щӣǡ졣

ǿ϶ѽѯôмġ

ǡ೤ʱһΣ

һ裬Цõ˵ô˽ҲҪѽ

Щ˼ˣȻǿӲ裬ʲôʵġ

аɡ룬˵һʼһĴΣһ
һΣٺһΡ

ôƵ費˵ʹҵĻ

ȻѾ̯˵ˣҲûɶ˼ģֱ˵˵һʼͦ
ʵģȷʵһ𡣺оҲô¡һ㶼һһ
ذɣżΡҪѧϰǰˣ½¶ֲ̫Ȥġ
ʵ̲סˡ

費֪ôӻˣ˳֮УЩΡ
ǲҪЩתһ»⣬迪ʵô㡭ʵ
סˣ

һ˵裬ʵе˰ô
شѽ

Ҿ㣬೤ʱŻ̲סҪ̲ס˻ô
ȥ˴裿

ô¶ˣûˣûˡҼ
ֱˡ

ⲻǹѧˡֿ˿ģʽ

ѽô˵ءҼöץˣģҾԲ
ѧģòá֪ңĸ̸֮¶оֵֹģ
еѽҪϰֽңв

вĹ費õһ˦ƹһ

裬Ҫȥѧϰˣģġ

Ӧ˳ȥֹϷţڴڵĴ轻
ļֱ̫ѹˣ͸ˡ

ϰ߹Сʵʲôأ

ܡ

һܣ

Ц˵Ҳ

ϰһ£˵ͷתˡ



ԴӸڴϡġ֮ǵĹϵͱЩ΢ˡ

ǰװͰ͵ģһʵ㡻ı飬ڿҵ
һЩŹֵЦ⣬һ֡ϵҶ㡻ĴͲײһ
ײȭȻ˵һˡ

ҵȻ֪ʲôֳŬҪ㽻ѵĸоĺ
֣ΣԸһһţȻһСǷᰡ

һܱǸϰѧڵпˣʱ̫ˣ
ĲǺ룬ȻӰ༶ǰʮֱӵ˵ʮ

ǰڿɳϣĳɼβ˪
ǽ޵ӣһӣΥĴȵС
ôѧϰѽ

ƲüίͰ͵˵ѾŬˡ

ĳɼôôʵ

ǣ˸Ŭɡ

Ҳ֪˸Ŭѽ˵ѾǸˣҶ
̣ˮۣˣѽӣ

ףǡҲżѽĲ֪ô͡

ͷһֻϰ֣һ˵
ˣ㻹棡

ϰָæֻģùɼֹţҿ
ϣĲôѽ»صŬѽ

ҸϽӲŬŬһŬ

һѽɼ˻ҧгݵ˵⸸
һһˣҪҸˡ

ϰ˵ѽһû´οһ㲻ˡһ
Ķôѽ

Ҹæյԣḧĺģظһ飺

Ƴһۡ

ϰʵⶼˣûš

ҽ˵ѽⶼˣûš

ҵĺ׾һƣɼ輸һģ
ñǸ

صҿʼӣһ˽
֪ʲôģڣԾ˵裬ģ֪
ܶ£´һŬá

ҵı̬ûκηӦޱ˵ȱһΣ
˵һ˵һءʲôԭĳɼµôҸոǰ
ϵˣ˵Ͽǻл㱵ģУô£

üͷֹҲ˵͸оͷеΡ

ǲˣҶͷһ£ѽ

ˣû

ܸ̹ܲףΪʲôûоΪǰѵ
ˣﷳûţǡǱʲô¶

Ұڰ֣ѵûϵһʮѵʮΣ
üӰѵһأϰˡ

Цõ˵ǡøڸ
˵¶أܱܲˣƶ졣ص˵Ϊʲô

Ϊʲôֹһ䣬Ȼصҡͷ̾Ҳ
ѹ̫ˡ

ѹ󣿡費ţһֺǺǵģһ߿
ӶûУѹȥˣ

ǡνĳɳķհɡ

һӣ뿪˷䡣ҿαϸ룬˵
嵽ΪʲôģһĪǻ
ǻţȻϣԴ衣

Ե޹ʵ裬ϲŭ֣һһЦ
ѵҵӡСֹֻһΣͬ½
ϵ֮Ƕʱĳԭһ

ĸоʲôЩ£רܵ˹ĸ
ϣҵһһԱȣȴʼ޷õȷ𰸡ﲻϵİ
οԼֻΪŮԵԸ壬豾

Ҫ˦רѧϰ޷оϵķգһ
ȴϵҪ̸̸ģҲʵѡ
ȥҽǷˣϾҶЩ̬ô
˼˿ء

ڶ͵ʲôȥˣصͷ
ϰԼһСʱ˫ֶ룬С˽һۣ
ںڵŨƯһͻҩζ̲סüͷһ壺
ʲôѽ

˵˲ڼ̲Ҵҳ


һȻղڳһֱæģ

ʲô˲Ρڼ轡֥顢桢ң
õģ㼯о轫˵ҵǰ
Сĺȣе̡

裬ⶼš

ʲôţⶼһһ߿䷽ܹõġ
Ⱥˡ

ճԱ˷ȲȥüͷܵĿܵ

ˡ

û취ֻܽӹԥ˰Σűӣֶֶֶ֣һ
ˡе֮⣬ڸеҲ

˰ɡ

迴һףͷ˵˾䣺úѧϰȻ˷䡣

ԭΪһʱѪû뵽죬ʲô˲ڼ
Һȡ˵еãȵѪӿ񿺷ܣ˵о
ѧϰˣǰЩһֱҿѹƵָȫǻ
ɫ˼룬Ķ˼ѧϰѽ

¸ѧȥˣڼ跢й½Ȼʵѡ
ϧСѾͷԴϴ֮󣬾ܵ˾ҵĵϷģ
û黰˵һѣβӲԣ޴֡

ϴûָˣֻԼˡֻԣ־
ˣ˵Ҳֻ̫ܽͣȤЩ˼ȥ
˿ϴˬϧص˫ԭζ˿࣬
ǰʱѾõˡ

˵Ҳ֣Դ֮˿ֲˣҲ
ϴõҲʧ֪յȥˡҲ˿ã
ȷʵ̫ףԷˡ

ѧؼ֮󣬷ְ趼ûְצĵĸоˡҾ
񫷸˵ƵģڸĸǰǻﲻͣĸԼ
ȻѾӦ裬һҪŵԣҪסҪסٷˡ

ʱȻתҴһ飬æװ
ӣɳϡ

ˣһ߻Ьһߴк

ʱɵһƽʱϰԺĳ
˸߷ִˣǰɣһ㣬ǳ
ס˰Ųδڱ󣻷βңƽ˼
Ϣټǹ˵ĵۣԸеĺ촽Ķ˵ĳŮζ
쾡¡

ϰ΢΢ǰ̵ͦβɫխȹŵԲģ
Ʒ֭Ĵҡ޳ϸȴźɫ˿࣬ᱡ͸ɫ
ͷϸ߸ЬСɰĽѾںɫ˿ڣ⴦ֺ
Щ͸ʺɫָԼɼ

ǰͷֱ߶̷Ĵ˾ǵһμʵ
̫Ըˡҵ۾Щֱ˲Ӳˡе
ȵĿ⣬ͷҴ㶵ģɻ˾䣺ôˣ

ǿװ򶨣֧°ͣЦһΪ˭ҵĴߴ
أԭװ軻˷͡

ƶ졣ǴЦ⣬Сһ䣬Ȼվֱӣֲ
˸ͣЦʵô·ͻÿ

ÿĴָ޵֮ռ־ᶼÿ

𡣡΢΢һЦգգۣȻ͡

ʲô

㰮ԵСš

ţ

ôѽ

ǲԣǻе󡣡

һ٣˺ȵܻ衣

ֻŻȡֹӲģһΪ˲跢
֣Ƚļţװû¶ƵġֱתݣҲ͵
ճȭɳţҪ˷ܣɴܵ
ˮܣˮͷ

ëѽˮϴͷ⴫ľߵҵ
һѽҳ

ͷʪવģڴڴŴɢ裬Ѿ
Ʒ˿࣬˿ɵļҾӷͷĴˣʵ̫
ˣҸоԼҪֲסˣϽֽԴˮ棬һͨͳ塣

⺢ӣ

żٴνקãȻĵңʲôأ¸
ðѽ

ҡãȻؿһʱ֪ô͡

㵽ôˣǲʲô̼ˣе׷š

ǣҴ˵ܴ̼·̫ͣѿˣ

һʶ££ͷѿղŲ˵ÿ
𣿡

ÿʲôѽϽɣѿˡҿķǵ˵š

跭˸ۣߵƾʲôѽ˵ѿѿҾͦÿġ
ϲ

Уϲϲı㡣һСţһҲ
ȥںСֹ˾䣺ëѽ

ص֮󣬴ڴڵĴŴҲ֪ԼΪʲô˵Ľ
ЩˡҪ侲Ӱȴʼ
ԺǻšҰһ㣬ҵԽԽһŬ
Ҳ֪ⶼͽ͵ģΪļͣʼȥ
ڷǳҪʹʹķй

ڳʱħЭˣŵǱ븸ĸ
ңѰոջԭζ˿ࡣ

խȹƽعΨ˿ټײĶ
ˣ˿ûгϴô̵ʱ䣬Ҳܽ˿ϴˣΨ
һĿܾǲĳطСķţȴ裬
ҪһķԼĶӣҾôֵ

ȥڴҵ˫˿˿࣬صĿ湻
ġҷڱǰһڣǳŮ϶еζǴ
ŵֱͷˬУֱ˻ֱ¡

֪ԼԽԽ̬ˣ˼붷֮󣬻ǽĿ
˿ڴȻĵ뿪˷䡣֪ٷ֮ٻֵᷢģ
Ѿԣʲôܲˡ

صҲûżοϾҪҵʱ䲻ˣҲ
ôݲݵķйˣǴɻҲҪʽкеġ

ϰ£ˡԷʱЩĲɣӶǵ»ط
ο飬ӵģȲĸоѾõļ
ڿҪˡ

ʱ͵ңϾҽΪе̫ʣеǺ
ġ

ˣһصǰʼϰһҪ̵̣˯
̵û˴ŵʱ򣬲Ľԭζ˿ڼʹʹ
ķй

ǿѹͷ֮ʱ֮ƮȻĻŨļ
ζüͷһ壬಻Ե˵ѽ

轫ҸǰȻҪȣˣҪ
һȻ˵ȥ°ѧھͿʼһȻӪˣ㿴һȻ
пĳɼ˲ٰɡ

һȻúãͷĽëϵѽЩ
ģǡû˵ˡ

ôûϵˣЩôˣΪǺѽˡ

̫ϻˡ

ϻ㲻ȵˮѽ

ЩЦõ˵ǲˡѾҪ
ˣ͸ҩͰƵģٺƾҪԭرըˡ

費õ˵Ҳһڹ˾æҪҪģ˻
ø˷ҪѾĸ㰾Ҳˣ

Ҿôһ˵ʲôѽҺȣҺȻӹ
űһûһ;ŻůġⲻڸҲ
ԣֱڸ

貢ûżȥһʵûʵ㣿
û°ɣ

ʵҺʵһ¶ûǡҲҿۣϾող͵
һԭζ࣬Щ顣

̧ͷḧһ£˵һ̣ҧҧ
ȥˡ

ǣָĸǹӳ츾еѬ
յģ߸ǵķۡΪ˲跢ֶߣץ
ֱһ£ʹʱұЩѡ

ʲôأһ

ڼо񡣡Һ˵

оҲòԲаɡ㡭𶯣𶯡˵һ룬
Ȼɫ䣬ܵ˾ţ˵

ôˣҲһ

Ѫˣ𶯡ͷͷ

ҵǱ𶯣ͷѽĨһѣȷʵѪˡ

˻ˣƤءϽͷЦõķҵ
ǰбһַҵͷһȥֽҾӷ
ͺܿɣ£ɫİŵķ鷿΢΢׹俴
ͷƬѩУԲ˫鼷һƤϸ۹⻬
׻λҫֱҵѪ˲ӿͷĿѣ޲ýȥ
鹵

ôԽԽˣֽסҵıӣϱЩ壬
Ǳŵˡɹ˲ֹѪ۾ֱڵ
أգ᲻òգһ¡

ңɻôôѽĿͣһ
漴Ӧ˹ͷһԼڴ˲һ죬Դ
һ£Ķأ

һűӣһԴʹ˵ʱء

ʲôûзӦ

軳̵Ƕʱ⡣

ģҲǣҲǣȻˣ
治֪㵽˭

Ұ֡

ֲŲôҪء

ôܽвҪأһ˵֡

ˡֱֳֽҵϣЦ
˵ȰѱѪɾ˰ɡһϵ룬Сֹ˾䣺
ܺˣе󡣡

ֳֹţֺʲô˲ڼģܲҾ˵
㲹ɣ²ͷٳˡ

ҿ鲻ܲšת˷䣬һҩ
ˣҼ򵥴һ£ֹס˱ѪʱҪѧϰˣ
Ϣ

Ѿ͵ıԵǰ뿪Ҿó͵ԭζ࣬
ڴߣڿһҲ˲ʲôʽˣԺĻ滹û
ʧĽ˿ڼӲϣ˿ĦŹͷϸ
ˬУֱݣһŲһһģЩô
˳

סŰں˿µߣ
һͷ⴦ڱ棬һڣ΢лƤζ
˲˱ǻԺŸղŵĻ棬ǻԲ鷿һ
˷ܼ̼ҲϼӿߣٶȣĿдӺֱԡ

һ˿ζһ߷ߣﲻĳ
ӣ贩ƷװҵĴϣôź˿ĿɰСż
ļͦнĸҽ㽻ҵ˫˫ϸĺ˿
ظţ˿ϸĴС

ڳʱıͣûһܣֻ㷢йߣ
ٶԽԽ죬ҸеҪϮʱ򣬷źȻƿŵĻ
һ£ܵץԵУ׸ס壬ﰵԼɵƣȻ
š

ڱŷţ貢ûпҵľٶһһʣ
·𣿡

ûСҵһƬհףڷţȼнӽӲ

ѰһȦץУӣԹˣ
ûСҪߣȻҸУףʵ಻ࣿ

࣬һ㶼ࡣţݷϣϽ뿪

֪ǲƳҵɵĿңʵʲôأ

ûʲôҡоҡڤ롣ҵ
Щˡ

˵û˵һץסӣһ·
ԭζ˿ļͦôı¶ǰڹ
ڼȻһһ˳ŨȳľҺʵʵ˺˿
һУȫ迴

ҲҿصĴƬ֮
·Ϻݺһңת뿪ķ䡣

߳нɢȥԼԴץ˸У
군ˡ



һҹڻ̿жȹǵûжִңûһ䣬
ĺܺؿֹܻܲеˡ

峿û緹һͳϰȥˡϰԹţ
˵Ե޹ʵķƢһǲˡȻ
ûиϰ¶Ҿ͸ʵʵ˵ˣʹҴѧ
ȥˡ

һ죬Ҷڻججжȹ֪衣

Ƣ˽ģرִֵͣƢһ٣ǻ
ãһԵսȥҸ˴ܣϴһ
û˵Һû˵źڵġ

һأϴλҪࡣ

͸һһ˵һ仰żһ
ۣҲǿһѸٽƿ

СҶıӣ˽Ϊ
ңϰ֡һǵһμﲻ
Щľɥĺ費ٰˡҪǸϵĵǸ
֪οڡ

ڻ̿жȹ죬ֱѧ߳Уʱӷײһ£
ʾҿǰ̧ͷһƣϲķ֣ĳͣ·ߣڼʻϣ
һỵ̂һִڳĳϣϼŸ󡾵ޱ


ʱ裬գյ˲ɢҹ˲ͬ
ӷ𣬿첽ܵ˳ߣ΢΢һһĵ˵Ϸү밲

轫󡾵ƣͷһۣʾϳƨƨߵ
˸ʻλϣӣȻɹź˪Ѿ
Ҫֿˣҷѧ˵Ѿԭˡ

ϣҵĸϴˣ첻ֱƯˡҹȵ˵

бؿһۣû˵ƨԽ
ļƼֶվһϤӰǸڹݺҵ
Ů

裬ͣͣҴ

һɲŤͷŭңë

ָŽֶ棬͵ǸŮݺҵġ

˳ָķȥʱŮѾʧ˷ѧ˳֮С
һȦҲûҵüôˣ˵˭ѽ

ҹ˲Ͻͣ򿪳ȥܵѰңϧΧǷ
ѧؼҵͬѧ˰ҲûҵӰɥĻصʣ
أ

ҡˡüί˵

ٸס

һҪͣãĻָ˻ȥ

뿪ѧУתֺҷ·߲ԣȥĶ
ĿǰûҡֱĿĵأһ԰СƣС
ٴѯʣ裬ʲô

û˵

裬òǲҪ˰ɣǲѽ

費ͷصһۣôôϻ˵ܱѽ

ƽʱͿʼƶ˵ƤˣЩ£Ͻ
ӣϡ

ȳ֮ͦ󣬸һӭǵһ긾Ů
С˼䣬Ҹһ䡣Ƿֳִװ޵
ܱ£мڷһɳΣʶԭǴҽ
ˡ

긾ŮɳϣʼĿĵ˵һСʱʱ
˵˺ܶ࣬Ҷڷܣ̸ʲô
ǲסˡ

̸֮긾Ů̸ͬ˰СʱʱѾ쵽Ͼŵ
ˡ

뿪ڳϣ˭Ҳû˵

ĥŸЩʲô⣬εļž跴ȿˣ
ôĮղҽרԸѧ
ͦġ

Ŷװģĵ˵ͷ

̸֮󣬸оûа

аɡ

ʲôлУ

ǡС

ٴĬָһһнûỵ̂һ
صӡκƽ˵ҽң㾡ķ飬
Ҫйѹ

Ŷ

軹˵Щʲôſڶû˵ֻظһ䡺
Ҫ̫ѹȻؼˡ

Ȼѯҵ̬Ȳδƣ֮ǰ΢
ˡǰҺ辭һЩ֮˴ŵСЦȴǰ
ЦڿңһЩżӴԵúܽš

֪ҽĵĿ϶ֹ߿ϵ£ЩΣԲ
ø˵Ҳ֪ԼΪǲԵģҲڻ
νġơ

תۼ˰£ȥѯ˵Ǯû
׻ҽһģ˲١

Ϊתעҽеľѧϰϣ½˲úˡ
û뵽׷Ÿңûûˣˣ¶û¶
ҸǰգƴʾѾܾûȥӰˡ

ԼŮú廹ҪģǰƱԼ
͹㳡

Ϊϴε飬ҶԹЩӰؾͽǰԼص㡣
ôɣҴ԰СʱȻڳܡ

ٲˣҸû˵ϲ㡣

дЩɳƣɰַǳĶ졣ûǸСħŮ


æѭȥȻ

ֻСħŮŷۺɫ£ţп˶ЬͷźɫѼ
ñ˫ֲ¿ڴﴵǣ۾бӣ鲻мǰ
վһһͷķ⽡˶ǿͷһ
ġ

㲻ϲңΪʲôÿԼ㶼ӦԵЩ

СħŮСһм˵ֻҪϻǮһԼ
ҲӦġ

~ ⻰˵ã˶̫ˣ˵Ǵˣ
׵ָСħŮŭ㡭治Ҫ

ŲҪأһ׷Сƨɺ֣
ĶأҾѽҪٸңҾͺѽ

Ҳ٣ָ߸߾ҪСħŮţͷЦ
ϣŮѽ~ 

ҲǣҲǣ˰죬˦ҧ
ݵ˵˶˵Ԯһš֪ˣǸˡ

СħŮ˫ֲ嶵˵ԣǼˣҸԮϴθ˿
ʱ򣬻Ҳ˿ء

Ҳɵüͷһ壬룬Ѿͷ칻ѽ⻹̣

ͨ죬һ߬סڣŭ˵һԣ

СħŮܵ΢΢ЦҶһԣұ֤
ӱ䣬ɨңɵһ漴ֽĸ
ɨɿ˹ֻСһҵ󣬴ſǻ
ίͰ͵˵磬۸ҡ

˭˭˭磿

һûӦôأ̤ĸ˹´һ
üͷһ壬ʣ˭

¶ûɶϵҲͽ˵̬ʵЩ˲ˬ
һǺ˭ѽ

٣첱Ӵֻ֣ţ۵ɣʲôϵ

Ҹû

Ҹ磡Ҹ㣬Ҹȭ֣Сĵ㣡СħŮ
쳤˲ӣ˵Ƶζ

֪뽫ˮҲŲϵأæֽƿ
˵ʲôˣݰ

СħŮǴһתۼ˫§סҵĸ첲
Ͱ͵˵磬۸ңҴ

ҪըˣһûѾ˹ָҵı
ҲģĶģ

ҲģĶģ

֪ǸᣬʱҲòŽˣǵøһܲˡֻ
ԷĿͷе󣬱Ҹ߰ͷˣҪԿ

ǰһҪźƵĴˡ

Ҵǲ

趯һԡȻе𣬵Ͼˡ

Ҳ٣ţѽ㣡ĸѧУģ

ĸѧУģֶһԡ

ţһԣ˵һԣ

ţˣ趯һԡ

赽ĶģţƵ㣡

ͻȻ֣˺ûпôţƣ˰ĵҲ֡
ҲãҪҲռʲôˡ

ĥŸθ˫һ̨ף֮ʱߴԽֻ
СħŮ֪һ軨Ƶߵһ㶣漴
ӦæһСġ

ۡһѾصĺϣһҽУ
˵ϡ

Ͻѽʲô㰡

һûӦôأСħŮѾקסҵǰˡͷȥ
һӵѪڵϣ˫ֱͷطһʱ侹Щ֪룬
ֻϡͿĸܡ

һ֣ҸоЩˣȴеӡ
˦֣ڴڴ˴СħŮͣ½Ųת
ʿɲ̫ѽҪ˴Ƶý֢໤ˡ

̧۵Ŵ˵㡭ٸҡҪǡ㣬
ҷšǺ𲻣ҡҸг𰡣㡭һֱݺҡ

˭ҸءСħŮͷһᣬ˸ۡ

˭磡

ѽСħŮ΢΢һЦ

ү

ûүи硣СħŮɴˣ

ٸһףҸ˵鷳ˣϴݺңݺ
ңôɣ

СħŮ˫ֲ¿ڴͷѾߣƲƲ죺
ô

˵أװһݺݵӡ

СħŮ̧ͷһЦҸ˯һɡ

ұ˵ˣðŻĽϵ´һ飬
ƴĿɰСƯϸȴŹǵĸо
ۺֵĻ½֮ϡ

ǡҪô˵ĻҲ˼ԡ֪ڸˣ
򣬲档

СħŮתֶߣҸϽ׷ȥסû˵
أĶѽ˵ɣʲôʱ˯

ھȥСħŮʾҿ棬һҿݾƵꡣ

ǣĻͦ档У۾Ϳ˭˭

ͬһߵƵſڣͣ½Ųң˵ȥ

ûаԥ߽˴תҡҸ׼ŽȥȻ
ЩԾѾͷ߶߶ģܾôռ˰ɣ϶ʲ
ôıѲɡ

һ֤ͣûУǰŸ˵ҹƭŮ
ƺҲϴˡ

ҰûСԴһ޹ʵôˣô

ԾơѽѾԼˣû뵽
һѲġҿ˼֮ʱֻˡͳרŸ
˻һ룬½ģԼ¶ء

绰½ҳһ٣ǸҲ֪ôģȻҵ
ݵĸоҶϵ绰֮󣬶СħŮ˵м¶ƽˣ
ǵ˸㡣

˵תߣû뵽ȴҹӿŲҪ˦
ȴʼղĸԽԽ죬СܣֱԼ۵
ģû¶һ

һεĿ㵽ʲôģ



û˵˽ǣһۺɫݡúܿ
ƫƫһ첻ߵģջۿҪĿĵˣ
ôСβȥ½϶Ҫ鷳ġ

ô˦½ĵ绰ˣ˵ǵӰҪʼˡҿ
һʱ䣬뿪һСʱôżҹȥӦбĿ

ŮǽȵвһҪæǸ档Ц
Ÿ

޺Ĵ۾һ޹ĿңͻȻˣž
һճƯСϡ

ãӲԣǸƤҩ

ʵû취ɴ಻ˡǰߣںԼĿĵ֮
½һŭԹʱܱģе⹤򣬶׾
ˡ

һûüͣѾע⵽˸ԵСħŮɻʵ
˭ѽ

ҽһԣ˵Ҹ˵ģڹݺҵǸ
Ů

½Щȣ˰

ϻ㵱ƭ˵ѽʶôˣһȥ
𣿡

½ؿңԥ˵ᡣ

ҿЦã˵ˣû

ڸ㣬ʲôأ½ʡ

ô֪˾͸񾭲һҿЦ˵

ʱСħŮȻʵҪȥʲô

½붼û룬Ťͷش𣺡ǵȻҪȥӰ

ѽϽԴתԹ˵Щ

ô˵𣿡½ɵʵ

ǵѽ

Ŷ½ŷӦ

ŶͷѽϽ취˦

½һۣû˵ģ㸺˦

Ҫа취Ͱ˦ˡεĿЦһ

ô죿

ô죬ϹתŰɣ˵ȻˣԼˡ

ò׳Լһλᣬô鷳¡½С䣬
ͻȻ̧ͷɵʵǲ˼ˣҪ˼Ϊɶ˼Ҳұ
ˣרŲ㣿

̫ˣʲôˣѹͲʶ

ҲŲء

˵½ɻ󲻽⣬ԼأĶðһѾͷô
ᡣ

Ƕ磬ôһСβͣ˵ıŤ
ûˡôĿĵ̳ֻǸţ˵ʱ
һͰˡ

½һҵ˼˫ЬҼӰҪˣ㡣
ӵСħŮ֪ʲôʱʧˡ

ѰӰ½һ˵˲ˣ㻹
ء

ҵʲôͻȻһ

ȻĩⲿӰӳܾˣ˲ǺܶࡣΪұģ
ԶƱʱһƫƧĽ䣬ȥ֮Ҳûɶˣ
ˡ

ӰûãҾͿʼ½Ͽֲʵϸ
СȥζѾиоˡ

½һĽƿ˵أȥһȥúÿӰ

ٴδȥ߹ܵӰԺ￴Ӱ˷
ѽȥٿɡһ˵ţ˳ȥƸɫ
۵Ůϣ

ѽôôᡣ뿴ⲿӰܾˣвС

Щ죺Ӱİ

Ӱʲô

һΪϴڵӰԺ̼ء

ΧһƬܸоСķ̡ճȭͷ
һ£ܲܲôᣡ֪һˣ淳

û취ָֻܰӲѹȥֱ׼Ӱ
ȴķ֣߲֪ʲôʱ򣬶һ

ŵĲϸһȻСħŮҲĵ
ʵôģ

˻ĵӰƱƱѽƱԱҳÿɰ
ۡ

Ҽ˭ˣ㲻ô֪ǿⳡӰ
ģ

СħŮ˵µѽֻⳡӰʺ¹ۿˡ

һֱҵʲôѽܺ𣿡

ѽ

½ע⵽߶ŤͷҲһľô

ҵ˵ô֪һء

ôһݵġ

ҿЦ֪ѽҶ챻Ʒˡ

㵽ô˼ˣǲǵϷ˼ˣǲ˴ˣ½
ңơ

¶ȥ˰Ķôѽ

ΪʲôҪ㣿

ȥ

Ƭ̣½̽ӣֱСħŮͬѧǼС
ôˣΪʲôҪѽ

ϲ

СħŮĻشɴ˵½ˣҶһ¡

㡭½Ƭ̣ҪߣҸæסο
Ϲ˵ܻ𳵣ûһ滰ˡ˵ˣϲң
ֲϲ

½ϲ㣬ܵǲǣ

ʲôõġô˵ȴЩǷǡ

ѵΪϲңԲŲҵģȷʵͦƯͦɰģ
Ҫǲô߶߶ģСҲͦġ

Цʲô½ʵ

Ц𣿡

ЦˣЦĻô

ˣϹˡӰӰ㲻һֱ뿴ⲿӰ𣿡

˵˵Ž½ҾеˣŮм䣬
Ҵһ¡СħŮֱߣһ仰Ҳû˵
ӰƵģ½ֱߣȻ۵ɵôģڳһרעӰ
ӣд֡

Ϊ˻գҲԵӰ²ۣܶ½
ЦֹȴʧˣľͷһǶûһ顣

ҿ˼ڤ룬ôĵʱ򣬴ͻȻһͷһ
ƣһֻѩϸСҾ㵵ŤͷȥСħŮҲڿң
ʲôûһ쳣򶨡

Ҳ֪ʲôûʲô¶ҪֹŮСѾ
䣬Ϊ˶Եʣûһñ˽ȥС
һ·ɲ

ŮСסͣ£Ĵָסͷۣ
ϸϸ࣬ò֮֡Ǳϸĸоˬ
Ҳ˳ͽ𣬽ͦһС

֪Բ⣬оʵ̫ˣŪֹټ
ŮѾߣ͵Ĵ̼ĸоֱҲ˷ӳ
Ļ½ȻûвΪ˱ҽ׻Ͱ֮
ϡ

Ůҵİߣ۵СżӲߣ
죬һ⡣ҵ߬סӷֱ֣
ֺʹþȫסǿ⣬ȴ
߳һ

½Ťͷʵôˣ

͵鱻ץУŵĺëˣ򶨵˶ȣ
յĸǰסߣЦ˵еûš

ϽȥŸʲô½һۡ

ҡӰʣȥɡ֪һĺýڣ
о̫ˣʵе㲻ᡣ

Ͻȥɣëˡ½˵

ҲΪźܴ̼ϸŮ죬ȴİŮ
οֱСӰŻֵڡ

ŮСԽԽ죬ҵĿҲѸٻۣʵͲ
ס֮ʱȴȻֹͣ˶ִҵĿĳ˳

ֱڰյĸоֱΰĿ
գ˫аĴ۾һ޹ңղŵѹ
ûϵƵġ

ѽȴп˵ʵû취ˣȥ㣬
Լ˳ĺܲʹ죬ͺһζͳԵһ룬ͻȻ
ϯĳ˴ֲ赭ʵڽ˻

ʱŮûֵľٶٽβʱ
ˡ½Ƶʵʲôѽ

˭֪ܾǸ񾭲ɡЩ飬ȴĻζŸղ
Ƿʴǵĸо

ΪҪؼҸϰӰɢ֮͸Իؼˡҵ¥ʱ
Ҳְ˼졣Ҹ˼ţĸ
ﴫϰֵŭƬô£˵

ҺöһۣԵЩɻϰڼˣƽʱ˵
ĵģƵģӡǵһΡ

صѾˣڸͻ̸
ҵ񡣡

̸ҵҪȥƵ𣿹йŮȥƵ꿪̸ҵƭأ˵
˶˵ȥʲôͷ㡭㡭治Ҫ

Һôյǰֻϰ־żƬ࣬鼤
ԲĿҲһŭݡһȥ
ûǵ¶

ϰֻͷһۣתϣֿʼ

öƬ̣̲סСʵ𣿡

óƬ̣˵ǡȥƵ꿪

˵ұϣûӰ¶Ϲ˵

û˵ҵġĬƬ̣ɥ˵
ºˣϰ͵飬˿ǿ϶Ҫˡ

˵ˣûӰ¶Ϲ˵ôôѽ

úݺݵصһۡʱҷŴ򿪣ϰַŭ
ӶЬûͳ˼š

໥֮С
ڴϣϢأӾĲᡣ

ǼƬɢڵϣҼһۣȷʵƷ˿߸Ь
裬Цݵĸһ߽˾Ƶ꣬Ǹ˺죬ϴγԷ
ʱǸͬѧǸʲôƨܡ

ȻƬԣ˼粢˾Ƶ꣬뵽ǣƬ˭
ĵأ



ôжƬһüͷԽԽյ
ԣȰο裬ҿ϶վߡ

ͷҲأû˵˾䣺һ߶ȥ

ŵòһ˵һߡҼԱ̲סЦݺ
صһۣСԴһ˦ʾϡ

ͷ֯һԣȻڴߣ˵裬
Ұôˣɹġ

иƨá豳ңɳŭ

裬⻰˵Щ˰ô˵ҲǼĳӣĺ
ܣ㽫Ұ飬ҲܰһƲѽ

ңøźһ䡣

ûҡļ򣬲ͣ׷ʣ˵ǲǣ裬˵
ǣ

͵üͷ⺢ôôѽܲ
ܳȥҰһ

ƤЦߣ§סļ򣺡ֻã
ĽڸǱĸ֮ʱˡ

бһۣô𣿡

ҽƬǰҿ԰ѽƬĵô
ҷǳᣬһͲĳģ϶ʱԤı

ޱĶƬһֽ˹ϸơ
һָ㣺裬ƬĽǶȣƬĽǶȣǴ
طյģ϶õģһһˡ

û˵üȴ

ǲǸʲôгѽ

бңⱲĳˡ

ЦˣҸ˵ء

Ƭ룬˵ЩϵĽӴƼˮ֮꣬
ʲôʲôԹġ

ƬǴĶģ

ġ

֪Ǽҵַǿ϶ͦġ

ϻ

ҳһ£СʵȥƵ￪Ϊʲô
ѽ

ңüʵ˭ȥƵ￪ˡ

Ҽ׷ʣȥƵʲô

ϵ飬ʲôϵ

ⲻڰҷˡ

Ҳæô˹ֽƵһߣӲ
Щײ˸ͷ

𣺡ʲôʱˣ֣˼Σ˵ǹ˾
ǹ˾ҵĿȥƵһؿ̵ġ

ȻԲ죬õ֤ʵ̲סس
һЦŶ˵ʵ¶ͦ򵥵ģ͵
ƬĵǼҪƻϰֵĹϵ

ߵһͲµˣ˵

ǣŮŲߡⲻԣ


賤̾һֲǵء

ҰСۣ侲ˣҲ¡

ҾôˣɹģҾô˷ģ
Խ˵Խ

ҸæϰֽͣҰСе塣ñ
ְ࣬λֱߣûӡ

ûӣҾ͵ôְؼҸǵѽ

˳ĺ󱳣ЦȰ

úȻʵ裬ƬˣǲǶ˼ѽ

һۣʲô

Ǿš۾һת󡣡

ˣûǵ¶ˡСӱʹ˵¶ѧ
ϰȥ轫Ƭʰֵظǳȥ

ٳʱͷʵ裬Ҷˡ𣿡

費ͷ˵ԳԳԣ֪ԣͶ̥ѽҷ췳ˣ
ĶйźǡԼȥ

Ŷ

뿪ңң¶˭ɵģ

˭۰ֲͣ¶˭ɵġ

һǾƬϵǸһɫеӣ϶
ɫҪᵶᰮԲŹƻĹϵ

̲סЦһͲ뷨٣Ѫ翴˰ɡ

أòĵҡ

Ҿš˵еҺٺһЦҲпϰ
Ǳߡ

ϰֵǸСˣ

˭ֲ֪ǸĦ˹

ȻСħŮ͸ò󣬵龫ֵĳ̶ȱй֮
¶ҪɳģһҲȡ

˵˭һóѡһҪ
ֹ顣

УģġϽȥɡ

Ȼô˵ǿ賳ܣҵﾹȻЩССİˬ
ԽԽ顣Ȼ֪뷨Ǵ治ģҾ
סȥ롣

ϰҹңȵࡣȻԹչ˵΢

һѧǸصСħŮٴγ˻ؼҵ·ϡ˫ֲ
¿ڴվڽֵԣ·ʱβר
ڵһ

Ҳ֪ҵӰԺǷ񣬵
˻ζ

㲻ѧܸҸʲô̲סʵ

۲ѽ

һ㶣۲ңʲôù۲ġ

ʳϰߡԸ񰮺ã۲һС

ҿЦãҵС˰

һ󣬺Ȼֱ׳˵ҵǮ

ƾʲôһͷ

𣿡СħŮ֣а۵ϸָȦһԲ
Сָ·͸״壬۶ڴ֮ͥ
ֱɲŵĶ

˲ʱ˵ӰԺˬ̼ĸоһʱ֪
ʲô˼ǱǣűߣΥĵ˵˾䣺

Ҳ˵ҵһֱߣƣģ
ʴǵĸоһԺζšĺƷһۻС
ζȦˣթ

תһ룬һСѾͷƬӣʲôúµģŪǮ

˼ȥʵ̲סˣͣ½ŲͷʵҪǮ

١

ûеʨӴ󿪿ڣԽܡԥһ£˵;
ϡ

~ ~ 

ҹƣĥȥĶҸû˵طСħŮҹ˹ָʾ
һ֣߽һ˶װ꣬Щƣûü
ʣͼһ˶㣬ԵԱ˵ùˣԼԴ
ˡ

˲䷴Ӧɵø̾СѾͷֱ̫ˡ

ᵼԱСħŮһͬ¼䣬ƵǽϣӾ
ȥҿӡҺʵ㾭𣿡

ûлش𣬵Ѿ˴𰸡ͷž·۵С
ʱа˿ˮͬڿһʱ
ѳʰ벪״̬

СħŮסغסһ£ȫ
֮ССţɫҺ˳ŷ
һߣ˺͵ĹͷϣȨ֮á

ϸ壬»Ǹо˵
ˬǻвͷ״ʱ֮дܱȫҾĴ
˰ӣ֮͵һ㡣

۴ľӨҺ壬ŮСŪ˳ҵĺ﷢
˺ߺ˫ֽգȱֱһ

СѾͷַʵ̫ˣֻ֣Ⱥ½Ҫˬ

ҵͷС鵭Ȼ峺о
鷴󡣲֪ģҵﾹȻһ˿֮УҪ
ֽ۾ס

ǿ֮ʱͻȻŮԱѯʣ·𣿡
ЩɣȻѾо˲Ծ

СħŮ򶨣ԾнŪŵȴŵòᣬæ˵
һ£ӿסˡ

Աû˵֪ʱ䣬ȻܲᣬҪϿ
С

ҪߴЩ֮ʱŮǰ㣬Сȵı
Ϣڹͷϣˬʹһ顣Ƭ̺ſС죬סͷ
ԱƵһ˱ţϸ۵ײһҾ
һ㣬飬ѣЩ߳

Ůһ±˻ȥڹⶺһ¿ɰС
Ǹ޹ı顣ҽĴߴٵ

СħŮһЦüǮ

Ǯ

һǧ

㡭⡭ǳû٣

ôڵϣ̧ͷңʲôҲû˵ҼֱҪƷˣ
ûôǮ

Ƿš

УǷģǷġ㡣

СħŮٴſСͷУ۵۴
ֵһ͵ͦǰӲС

Ů̧ˮĴ۾ңһίͰ͵Ŀģֻϧǵû
лҵͬ飬ҵһͦʪȻĿǻ
˺

ŮСЩ죬ûз˫ҵĴȣ̧
ҡò˵⸱ģĺջ𣬻εıϷˣ
̲סһͦһͦĿʼHŪС졣

ŮСģȴûκԹ˫סغ裬
ų壬Сţͬʱÿͦ룬С඼
ͷǻʣһ
㣬޲ýȫȥ

ҿżӲӣ֮س鶯Ŀж˶㡣
ұסСԴʼͦHŪٴδԱǸ
Ǻ𣿻Ҫ·ء

һHŮС죬һҧгݵ˵ϡϾͺá

ϰԱԹ

һ֮ͦͲססСԴƽ
ǻֱͦһɹɵŨҺӿŮҵĴȣһ
һµ䶯ţҺȫȥ

Ůͷͷ˲дľҺȫУȫϴɾ֮
Ż˳ҵһѣΣһƮƼøС
ò˵ܹ̼һ԰顣

ǵ׺ûУ

ԱڴߴˣҸæÿӣһݣȻ߳
¼䡣Ůվ棬ǡϾ˻£е飬
Ǹ˵˼·ӻˡ

Ӻ𣿡һŮЩʵ

̫ϣ´ΰɡҽӵ˹ȥСħŮߡٳʱ
Ȼֽſڵ¼ƵȻת˳ȥۼԱ
ڣ룬·ӡ

һû׷СħŮͣ½Ųתһֻ룬˵
ҪĻʱıѾͷˣȫ㲻
Ϊ߼˰죬Ϊôһͻ

һͳֻ˵һ飬ʵʵļ¼
ڱ༭ƺʱ򣬺Ȼ֪ʲôأ̧ͷѯʡСħ
ŮԴתת˵ŵ

֡

صңϰɳϿֻҽţûѵˣ
һϹܡôˣĶȥˣ

ϰǰٹң֪ȣҲûȥ˸
ɣ˹ȥ˳豳վڳǰ
ˮյĿյ죬վſڴ˸кȴûκηӦ
˼

̲סıӰߡΣɵļҾӷ
زסħƵģΧȹϵһϸҵԺﲻܿƵ
СڣʵĶӴӺ汧סĸףĸ׵
°ǵĿӣȻˮرߣӲļӮˡ

æͷĻȻߵ
һ¡һͷңüܺӣ
һ

кˣûһƬкõĻƹϣ߽ʣ
ʲôأô񣿡

СӴôʲôдҵȥ

ˣһдʲôҵѽ

Ҫٺ˵˵˺졣

ΪЩĪƬϰֺ뵽ս֮УҺĹϵ
ǻ˲١ղôΣǰСЦˡ

վԣʵҰֻأǻûͺأ

轫кõĲʢûҡ

Ҽ׷ʣǲǷɵûҰ˵ѽ

ߵʲô˵ģôԵ¶벻ףѽ

ĵͲøĸϽ飬ǵһ滹ϣܹ
ϵġװһϳɳصģĳȰ裬Ҿʱ
̫ǿˣ仰˵£Ҫ

һҲ飬Ĳ˵ݺݵضڰϣԱ˳
ãһϹ£ӵ¶õ⹦
ѧϰϵ¶Ҿ㣬ؿԣĳɼҪµ
ˡ

ãĵ¿ηΡ

ҸæͣұŴ£һֻʥġⲻ
ѼͥոôʵûѧϰˣԲȰ䣬
ʲôѽ

û˵ôȥȰ֣ŶŶҵĴǲ

ǣûҰҲûǼƬˣ̫Ƕˡ

ˣˣƶ죬ϽȥɡЩͷˡ

Ҵ֣֧֧ʵ裬¶в

˵

ÿ˳Է˯ϲʣѧϰˣеˣ
ܲϢһѽ

Ƭ̣˵¶ࡣ

Ȼ̫ãǱ̨ʺԣͬˡҾǻ˼͵ķˣ
ô˵˾䡺лл衻Ȼգһڡ

Եһ£漴͵ؽƿԾŵĿңŷӦ
ܵһǰĸô棬Ҳûʲô
ЩǵĶоЩˡ

ˣϽȥɡ湻ġ

εգҸ˳

صϰߵſϰңػ̨
ʵڳģ˵ʲôأ

û˵ʲôѽһ£Һúѧϰôѧڷ
һ䣬ǸصСħŮתʵˣ֣
ͬµŮϵ𣿡

ʲôͬµŮϰЩãȻȻûзӦ

˵Ҳ߿Ǹϴǻһֵ𣿡

ŶϰֻȻתɵңͻȻʲô

ܾϰֵĹϵûô򵥣ϰֵķӦпҲĿ
Ҫ¶Բ֪ǾҪġ

飿

͵һæҡͷ˦е뷨ʹȻ̲סʵ
ǲǽаŵѽ

ϰһ˫ĿԲ㡭ô֪ģָˣ

ţ˼䡣

䣬ϰַŭҲ˵ˣ𣿰
Ǯ׸ˣ

û뵽ϰֵķӦôŵЩˣΨΨŵŵĽ͵
ҵģû

ϰֽңݺݵˤ˵ϣ¶Ѿ鷳
ˣ㻹ң˵꣬ߣݺݵؽˤϣ׶û

ӳ˳üʵʲôأأ

֪ҲЩˣϰƢЩĪ

ôˣ

ûҰ֣䣬ȻˣȻˡ
ѧϰɼðɡ

趢˰Σߵһһծ

ϰֲ֪ȥĶˣҲû绰ѯʡҵһϵļڣ극
׼Ϸʰ꣬ԡߣ׼ϴ裬
һ䣺һ׼

ĸϴˡЦž˸

տʼʱﻹϰֺСħŮ飬Ͼþû
ֱˣһˡڴ£ϣӣӵĽʱ̣ɳ
ֻˣҳɤӺ裬ֻˡ

ˮͣˣ˳˵ʲô

һ߲ٿֱһظֻˡ

ҽһ°

æأֲ֣

䷿ſһڵ첽˳
Ĳֻץ輸ϵңӹˡ

ڹؼʱ̣һ㶣תʵʲôأ

ֻԡųһֽץǰԡһȥɳ
ϵֻΪԵʣʪľס˰Բ
ı˫強һ鹵ɫϸ弡͸ź
ڣɢӻζ

ȻոձСħŮк˻𣬵ۼ˾ͬɲһһ㣬ֻ
ȣͣѸռ˴ԡ

ֻһʾ𱸵ֵĵ绰һ߽ͨһ
һۣ۷ֱƺʶԼĴŲ̫׵תȥˡ

ҴƬ̣յתϷûҵС糡ʼ
ݣ͵Ĵ򿪣輱Ҵҵ˵ֺȶڷ˴ܣ
˴ҽԺˣȻһҽԺȥ

Ұָ˴ܣ΢΢üЩš

ѽϽ·ȥߴһ䣬ת׼·֪
ԡҵЬЩˮ֮¾Ȼһ˸Ľų죬
ЬɳԶ

ҸæȥȴƼ˲˵Ļ棬ԡ°ڣ
ΪԵ˼֣Ĵһ죬ֵ¶
ѩ

ֻһۣЩѪɫ죬Żŵԡסȣ
ǳ⣺ۣ

ҸæĽ۱ϣŵĻȴӡԺȻ̱
ð棬ֻ¶˱ɽһǣƵʵʵڣ߸¡
ڴѩɫмһյϸڰݣְۣɸɾ
ǸճĴͷؼǣȻëǸ׻

豻ҷ֮󣬱ȥ·ȻһͬǰҽԺ

ϰֺȵ࣬ѪĵڲϣɳѾˣ˵
Ǹֵ꺺ӣȥ͸һ⣬ֱӰ˸ˣҪ
ţϽˡ

ϣ趼ŭŸ꺺ֳۣŭ
亱ġͻȻоǸƽǽϰֹܵģƢĸ
ϻʵǷǳϰֵġ

֪ΪΣҵﾹȻһ˿˿ʧ䡣

Ȼϰֱ˴ˣҲǼߣͬ
ޡ˵ϰֵӿͦ˵ģʵ˵Ҳûأǰ
ӸˣһѪ

Էͽ⣬ͬ⣬һҪ߷;һԵɳ
ͣϡ࣬Ǯˡ

ôһ֣Ĺϵ࣬Ȼǻϲģһۣ
ˤĻ棬һʼң赽ǲǰ


ԽԽķԽķԽ֪𰸡һ棬ֲϵĻζСħ
ŮҴĴ̼ˬУһͣĶϢѧϰѽӻɫ˼룬
¶쳣궯ֱ˰צĵĵز

죬̲סˣŤŤĸСħŮȥ˵绰СħŮ
һַҷѧ֮ԥ˰죬ջǵв
ȥ

һϾɵľ¥ǰҼСħŮŵſɵ˶º;
ֿ㣬Ϸɫ˶ЬͰɫ࣬˫ֲ嶵бҲ֪Ϊʲô
һͻȣڡ

ҲǸշѧ𣿡ûһ

ѽ

һΪ㲻ѧءϷʵһЦ

û˵ת˶¥ߵķӡֱߵж
ӵɳϣվǰҴһЩžɣȻһ
ȾûʲôƽӦǿûס

ңҺʵ

̼ңүү֮Ҿ͸̰ᵽ󲮼סˡŵ
һ˵ţһߵһˮڵ¯ա

ҸоЩֵֹģȴ˵֮֡󣬼ղŵĻ⣺
סأˣ

ûشߵҸǰ۵һʲô

Ǯأ

˺ðŷӦæ˵ģ˲˵ģ
ˡΪ˳Ｏʣҿ˲ٵصƱʵۡС
ħŮ͸Ʒһһմ񫣬䶼䲻ˡ

Ƿ֮ȲʵʲôŤͷ˿
ӣһؼңǲҪֱϴˣ

Ҫдҵûʱ䡣

Щҽʲôأ

ҹСħŮһӣҲ֪ˣʲôУ
Сĸ˹ȥ

ӦǰңһŴһǽſϺСħŮ
ߵԣ˵һæ

üʵЩãȻ˵Ԯôֵ𣿵ǰ
ᵽ˴ߡϣڴͳ鱾д
ҵʵ̲סˣ㵽ʲôѽ

дҵѽ̧ͷңһȻı顣

ҹǰ̧дҵѽ

СħŮһߵͷдҵһ˵ѿˣ档

ͷʲô

ʡ

Ҷԥ˰죬ǽȻ°굽棬
ϰ©档˵ʵĸоЩ֣Ҷ֪Լʲô
ˡ

ˣ㵽ʲôѽ˻~ Ŷ~ 

˵һ룬СħŮͻȻŰɫĿɰСѾȵҵļϣ
ţͻУˬͷһò˵Ļ
ģͿڽŮ㽻һָоˡ

һĲ̤֮ԭſſӲ߸
һСħŮʲôûƵģͷдҵ
ȴҽѹ¶ˣ²̤˶Ƥϡ

СħŮǲŷһ̤ƵģѹŲһһֿ
ֺͷ״Ĵָʳָָ⣬һ۶šҸоС
еͣŰɫܸ࣬оŮĵ¶ȣҲ˵
ϣʮֵˬʮ㡣

Ŷ~ ̲סһʵĶѧô໨ѽ
~ 

ûлش𣬴ҳͬʱҲ˽Ҿô
ϣѾĲ̤񣬳ʼĴ̼֮󣬲֪ΪΣȻ
һ˿ˬС

һ֮󣬰СѾͻȻһȻһһң㹭ϳһ
µСѨļסߣ

ˬı飬̲סץסСţȻ࣬
оģģܿɰ°ڶСѾСħŮҲû
ֹС档

һ֮ͻ룬߬סڣҪСħŮƽ
⣬СѾһ̧˳Ʊѵ࣬Ȼװ۵ĽѾ²
ҵļϣ̡һָоˡ

ò˵ŮĽѾĺܺãӨۣ͸죬ûһӲ
ʣȻûͿָͣ޼ȷʵʮָɾ࣬羫һ㣬
ƢĿ

ŮĵƤǳϸۣγϸ΢壬
˱ĿС𤻬Һ䵽СѾϣ
ãHѨһ㣬Խ˳½㽻ʹʱ˿
ֱر

ŮĹѾŪʮӣҵۼ
֪ԼҪֲסˣ˫ץסŮ۽Ѿͦ
HŪСѨٶԽԽ죬ս㱳һߣͷ
ס۵ŮģйɵţһɹŨȳľҺ


ҽϰ̧𣬹Ųӣҧأֱнȥ˻ȥ
СħŮȴʲô鶼ûƵģƽҵѾɲڰļ
ϣ˿ӽ𤻬Һ



ŵĴСһͨ֮ʱõ˷й

Ѿͷһϵг˵ΪҸеĺ档ûż뿪
ͷдҵʱ

Щʮļ¥ִ٣ҺܴǽƤѾƣû
װޣҾߵһӦȫɫתһڿ
ӻԿһȫҸǰλˣ̫̫ﱧһ߰С
Ѿͷüܹ֮ŵӰӣվŮһλʮ
꣬ǶԷ򸾣Ӧþĸĸˡ

ŵ賤ĺƯ߷ƣְŽ˿۾
˹˹ĵӣͻ٣ŮƶȶСƬ
ϸƣΪ˵ĸ׸ϰһλģǰҲ˵

һһӡҲûУȻӦǴμϰֺͰŵ
ֵʱϰֲ˵ȥĸ߿ôղ
˼ĸĸһ

˵ģϰһ˵˼ٻϰôڵģ϶й
֡ѲĿͻҪĻҺϰԮͬһ
Ů

Ҳ֪ΪΣҵﾹȻһǿҵļʸ

֮ʱŵӷ˳ѾЬӣǹŽ
ѾûдӣӦѾʰɾˣһŨЬ϶
ܲġ

ҸæƬ£װû¶һЦһûһдҵ


СħŮûңֱӴ˴ţȻתңҪ뿪
֪ʣʲô˼

Ҫҹ𣿡

ʵǲߵģȻСŲ˳Щδ
ĸоӣҲûȥ˼ûȤˡ

֮ʱ̲סͷ˾䣺һס

ŵգŴ۾ңûлش

ҵ˸׼뿪ٶȻͷЦϴβ
˵Ҫ˯һʲôʱѽ

СħŮ΢΢һЦƭģ㵱ѽ

ǣˡҼˣô˵㻰ѽ

ҴҲû˵˵㻰

ãһƤġ

ԥƬ̣ת֧ǡ㿪۰ɡ֪
ܶԲ½Ҿ͸˽ͷһֲĳ嶯

ǮߣҪ𡣡ŵ赭д˵

ô֪Ҫģ˵Ǯɡ

Ǯûϵ

Ǹʲôйϵ

顣

飿

˯Ҫҵѡſϣ΢ЦĿҡ

һɵʧЦ㿪Цɣʲô飿ǻ̸Ǯ
ɡ

˵ʵʵȫû߼ֲ嵽ľ仰棬Ǿ仰
Ǽ١Ҳϲңһֶ׷

˵ʵҲһϲһƵĿɰСŮ˭ֲϲأ
һΪ߼ʵЩëȻ

Ҫ˯ǾҪöҸ׼̸СħŮ
ͷԼĽż⣬ȻᣬȴܼᶨڿЦ

ڸʲôϷҿЦвУ

˫ֱ󣬿ڴϣͷЦðɣˡһû
Ƿţ뵽˵

ۻֱ˵̸Ǯɡ̸ˣûװ

须һ˵꣬ͽϡҷ˻Ц
ؼȥˡ

İ£СħŮûңټѧϰأؽ
ˡƽʱǾϰ֣ó˵ĹϵԵĻ
ࡣΪϰְģ̺õĴ»˻ȥƽϰ
ͷ

ܾϰֲڳĴףҶ֪費ܳ죬
ʶô꣬ô᲻˽ءϰֵķŭֻ˵꣬
־ȴ޿οɵıְɡ

ǵλЩжģķ
Ǽֱڻӡϰ⻹õģ뻹ûпʼͷ
ļͬ£Ѿͺˡ

ϣϰֺ趼Ӧ꣬ѧУûֻһڼҡ
ЩżûˣϷɷɵģյ
һţ跢ģһϸַҾŵȥ

ƽʱæӦ꣬ҲǾƾɳˡֻż岻ʣˣ
ʹѿ֮ƣҲǵһˡû취ʱˣ·뿪
ǰĿĵأǮˣԣ֡

ſڣҰҵģ˸绰֮װģ
ҵĶˣ˵ˣ

ʱһŮ§һ˶ҪʮΧ
ӺơơҽæǺȵеˣ
ͣһЩˤһֲ˸лƿ
Ȼ֡

Ҹæȥסĸ첲ӸЦ˵ô


е¶ˡ氡Щ
ȵĲ٣ѹҪȳ

ʲô¶ͷ˵

ȻǴѽӶˡһ˵ţһ
߳Ϣ

ʱע⵽˵ͬѧǸʲôƨܣһ
λɳŵҲ죬˾ܡ

˿һ֮󣬷ҵĸ첲ߣճᣬ͸ɢ˼
Ƶģӿҵļϣ·Ʈģǲ޻һ

ӡôҡ˼ƽһ£˵
ҪһҾñǸ൹ˡ

贩Żɫɫְҵװխȹɫ˿࣬ɫƤͷϸ
߸ЬʮֵԸУǹеζƾһѬǡǡ
ټҺܽ˵ʱϢ嵽ԣ
ģѹĵ׵Ƿݽ

գȻ򶨵˵ⲻǰʱ䣬
׼ʱ𣿡ͣһ£ʵ裬ǺųƺǺ˶
ѽ·߲ˡ

ǩ˸ӣܡ͡˸ãŻһ
Щ˳

Ҹæ˵£ȱ¡һø
Ǹء

Һһ£˳Ƶͷۼ
˿ڴ󳨣۷⼷һ𣬽·߸߶¶һ
˵鹵ΪƵԵʣҲ鷿ҵĸ첲ϣ·ܸо
͵ԡ

Լѳֲס뿴ֲҶ࿴Ͻ뿪ˣԣ֣һ
⡣֮ܳ󱻷һƾˣϳ֮ʮ
ɢƵģĿҵϣĳɢ˿
ҵĲӣһһ˿˿ġ

Ȼ֪Ӧã̲ס۾ɫխȹµĺ˿ʵ
̫ԸˣҵĻĻ̲סȥġ

Ҳ֪ôģҵСڣƵ豻
͵Ȼһİǿ·ſ˫ȼ䣬ͷѨֱ֭
磬Ӳ͵͵˽ȥ

ҲܿƵǷ֮ʱȻ߽һӣ
ôѽ

һСʱ±ץ˸УæȼнѲ


ҡôңίʵ

סҵıӣߺߵƤ㡭

ǣôˡұڼҺúѧϰأһϢϾ
ˣҡ

˵һ룬һҵϣĳ
죡

ã˵ʲô״κεĻھǰԵôĲ


˳⳵ҽڸ첲ϣߡ֮Ҳ
øЬֱӷңΪʵЩһͷԵ˴ϡ

ϰֻûؼңվڴ߲˰Ѻڴϵ裬֪
Ǻá

ֻںڳɢڴϣճ죬촽΢ţ֪ʲôʱ
ĿҲˣؿڴ󳨣ң¶ѩ޳Ĳ鷿
ǲܵһ㣬ƽŶǰĻԲ̣ͦϣ
һһͷϸĺɫ߸ЬԾɴڽϣɫխȹµĺɫȽ
Сĺ˿¶ɫļ˵
ˡ

ֻſ˿ڿˮԴ齵Ƭ̣
ȻȾƵ˻ڿʣæתȥһˮ˴ߡȻֶ
ϵĺɫ߸Ь˰죬ҵģǲ֣ǰ
ʱҿԺܴ󷽵¿ͣڷеϰˡ

ԥ˰ΣȻĳһЬϴŪലġ֪
ֻǸڣȷʵҵѹ

Ҵ˹ȥСĽšŪ˴
ؽ߸ЬԲɰ˿ţԥҪҪ͵һ£
Ȼһ߬סҵĶ䣬۵ҡѽһһΪ
ǵִװݺأּҡҡλΣʣ
Բװġ

㡭۾ԴסҡΡ

ҸæͣҡҸЬܴܲЬ˯ɡѽۣ

û˵꣬קҵĶµ˻ȥҲһˤ˴
ϡҪһˣƾ
ԡ

ɾҵĶ䲻۾Ժļһ죬
Ц𡭡Ϊ֪㡭ʲô㡭в

Ҳ֪赽˻Ǽװģۣĵ
Уввȷ֡ѽѽְ

šԽԽʹɣ¶Źֵ΢Ц㡭͵
͵˿࣬ʲôˣ

ʲôʲôûɣ

㡭衭赱ɵӰֻزصġЩС˵
ʲô˼

ϡһ͵ֻһСģв
ĸģɾ϶Ǳˡ

˵˵ң㡭ǲĸǡǡϲҴ˿
ࣿ

־ЩЦãȶʲô˵ƽʱ
⣬žƾһȫʳˡ

ҡе㡣ֻֻϲ˿డŮĴ˿Ҳϲ
Ҳһǵãɴʵʵ˵ˣóʱ
ˣеˡ

ɿҵĶ䣬ҵžһƣ裡
ˣå㡭ʲô

Ҳ룬ʲôʱˣåˣ~ 

û˵ְ꣬һơ

죡

ǣҡ

ž

ٶ졣

ұ죬ٿˡ

ĳ˰ΣȻһ§סҵͷ̾˿Թ
ӣ衭㡭ôѽСʱôɰô
԰ôͳ˸̬ˣ

ҵĲۻǳ
϶еŨ㣬꣬彥
跢ֻܾĽƨ󹰣һϺΡ

ҵͷ߽ţˡôܶű˿
һǳå㡭ССҲôɫһ

˵һ쵽ĴôԸУǱѽ

һ֮ûϢӦ˯ˡ
ɱ§ԴǼܡҺ˼ûлӦ
Ҫ軳ѳ֪ͻȻһ˿ȴҵĴϣ§ĸˡ

ҵһ飬ֱȣӲķ͡ã
սʤĸ첲׼˭֪ĸ첲§
˹ĵӽ˹ǰҵɱˡ

Ըеĺ촽΢΢ſʪĴ꣬ԲĴ飬Ǵһ㣬
ҡҲסԼԲԣȴܵٻ
һ㣬Ĵ˹ȥ촽ϣһ˲
䴫ȫ

ϸƷæƿȴ⣬촽
ζŷŵһǡһըѣ룬ѾˣһҲν

Լ˸ڣٶȥȻ˻ڴڵĴŴ
촽ˬĸоδйҾƵģȻ
һٸԼһٶģȴܿƵȥ
û˿Ըеĺ촽һʪǡ

跢߽ŵҵıһ飬˿边Ȼ
ͷ˳һҵ촽̼ĶܵˣҲ
Ͻͷ֮һ

ҵһƬհףȴң̫ˣҪˣ
ˣȴĺ˿ϣḧţǹ⻬ĴУ
ֱᡣ

ãҸоԼѾ˽ȥɴ
Ѿزſ϶ǲɵġ

¿ӣѾӲ˳ԥþãȷû
ļŲΡΡͦ֫Ĵϡͷ
˿ȵһ˲䣬һһҪǳסЩ˳

ͦź˿Ħţϸ΢ɳɳ޿
ܼĽۣϻϵˬУܿʹﵽ˶㡣

ĦƬ̣ҸоҪˣͻȻһ뷨赽ǲ
׻

ԴľһƳ֮˺ܾˣǴɽ
Ĵʱǣָңе̫ˡţһ
˵ѾܹˣҲⱲӻһΣֻǿѣֲ
ɱġ

ãսʤǣƿ첲Ȼ
ȱߣָؿڣƽԼĺԼ
ֻǿֻǿ

Ҷ̬˵ݣȷŲΡΡĽַ
ĴϣɫְҵͲȹСȥڴȸ
ɫ޿˽ȫ¶ҵǰ

ҵĺԽԽ٣һ߬סԵͬɫ˿
㣬һһʣǰǰ㣬Өѩļһһı¶
ҵǰ

ûκڿһͬʵ䴦ʱ˽
ȫ¶ҵǰ߸¡ְۣǸոճĴͷ
мһϸ죬ڰݣΧɸɾģûһëصǣ
ǳСɣûⷭѨڣŮĹɰ

Ȼǰ׻һŴ˵еͷơ۷ֱǵ
ƵģԽͻȻΪʲôϰ־ķɴף
ȢţҲῴĽģκ˽Ӵ

ҪһСѨ쵽һ룬ָ˻Ǹң
ѾܹˣϾҵ裬ٲ֣¾ɲסˡ

ʹ飬ȻܣҲ˺衣

Ҷǵϸ죬żͦɿߣţ
ҪϽйȴţ裬֣ƣ±һҪH㡣

Ҽ֮ʱȻŹرյŵͷƤһ飬
ĿҵĴȻһ

ϰƿ˽վڴߣɵһһڴϵ
裬ʵʲô

ҵĶˣǿװ򶨣Ц˵ȶˣջ
Ҹ˱ˮ

ϰüͷţֺȾƣһ쵽ûû˵Ӧꡣ
ˣдҵɡ

ұϰָ˳صԼңڴڵĴŴŸղŵһ
ĻĻĺաҪϰֿԼ裬ƾͲǰܽ
ˡ

ҹڴϷȥȫİ׻ͷѨߣ˺üأ
;һֱڵ

ϳԷԷʱüͷֱͷۣЩ飬ҿ
ѧ֮ǰ轫ҽסҼɫŹ֣˵ˣ϶ϵİ
ˡֹ˾䣺ˣڼǳȥ

תһȦѰ˼ܶԼ˵ĻЩӡ󣬵
֮ʲ̫˼ʡ˯֮飬Ӧǲ֪ġ

΢ĺ˵˾䡺ڼɡȻҴҵѧȥˡ

죬Ҿ͸ħһο˺üζûѰ˼
½æ֪Ҹ棬Hһ£ȴĸ
ҴˣҸѽʵû취ˣֻܲСħŮĵ绰
Լ

磬˸ţԼص㣬һ

ҼŵʱɵǰһȻı˴·񣬿Žͷ
ǹŮ磬ۺɫףɫȹɫ˿࣬ɫСƤЬ
ͷҰ趼ɢ˸˫βǰĿͷϱСè
ʮֵĹɿɰ

ҽϸĴһһ¶ȻͬŮ磬
½˵ĸоȫһˡò˵ǸٱСħ
ŮÿζһĻ˸ġ

ͷ̲ܺ裬ɵСһ
ѸЩû߼Ϊϵ

ģͦʲô

̧ңɰ𣿡

ҺٺЦɰеֵֹġ

ŵ˸ۣʵԼҳʲôҪ˵ţ
˸ߣܵơ

ҸϽͷûע⣬ſЦ˵˵˵ܲ
ٵ֫ԡһСҼҵģ˵ôֱӣҶе㲻˼ˡ
˶٣ѹʵϴλ⣬ֱϱݣ׶Ǯ

ҲҪǮ

ʵڲ֪ڸʲôʹͷܵɣҪ
˵׼ûס

˵һûãǷţ˵

Һɵ϶è壬Ҫǲѻ˵ˣָ
Ҹʲôء

ԥ˰죬ָ˵ɣǧǮôҴ
ˣǮҸƯС´ˡ

ͷ赭д˵˾䣺Ҳϡ

Ǯ~ ԮΪǮ𣿡

ͷüãǾ򡣡

ҾſڵʨӴ󿪿ѽǹﰡ

ŵЦЦ㿴˼Ǯָ𡣡

Ҹ㲻ڹˣһôţһ£ҧʵҰأ
ʲôǮ

ŵһ㶣֣

԰ϴμҰһ֣˵Ұֲ
Ŀͻ

ңʲôðŵͷԣҵĿͻ
ļǮߣ𡣡

ʵˣϰֹȻСˡҲû
ϵǴ𣬱ϾҲǱԼŮѳԮõġ

ǮڿЦͻȻָоЩ񲢲
ΪǮֻҪϹʲôȴһͷˮˡ

ŵҧܣѾˣ𲻴Ӧ¡

ҲǱǣߣʵЩͣʵЩ̫
ˣ̵͵⣬˫˿ŮȣǺ
ټģһ°߱İ˿СŲżһֻ
ʲôĸоأ

ҧҧ˵ǾͲϱݣǰķܿ˰ɡ

㡣ŵһνı飬ͷ̲衣ҸҪ˵
Ȼһͷȥ֪ҽźʱЬӣСɿɰİ˿СŴ
Ӷֱ쵽ҵ֮䣬ſӣز

˲סͷȥıȽƫҲûʲôˡ
Ҫͣȴڹϣô󵨵Ϊ
̼ġ

ŵûһ˫ܣ̲裬˭Ҳ벻
ɰСȴ棬Լİ˿СŲҵļϣʱ
꣬ʱ㣬ʱֺŪˬĸоֱҪ

ұܵʱͻȻеһŤͷȥֻԶһ
ʮŮԱͨ죬۾һĿǡȻƼ
СȴûţŤͷæͷʰӡ

С㳤İ׾Ư֪ΪΣƼ߳һĻǵûнţ
оʮֵĴ̼ǹƵģȥץסŵ
˿СţСͨ죬תذ̨ȥˡ

˫ش̼£ҺܿͲˡܾôڿ
æ˵ˣǻȥɡ

ŵ˿С˻ȥЬߡҸٳ
ʱ̲סͷһۣλСſһŮԱĶС
˵ʲôײһ죬ҵĽתһԡ




ŰŵصʱվŰȹ£ϸŮ
˿ȣгڴ֮Ȳʵʲôѽ

ŵӼж£ڲ輸ϣ˫ָ߾٣˸ʵ
Ҫʲôأ

ֱϴûϷˡ˫ֱأһ£Ŵɫ
˿ŮȣٺЦǴ̼һġ

СħŮô࣬϶һ̼Ļġ

̼һ㣿ŵСԴ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ˵ɫ
ݰɡ

ɫݣһ㶣ое˼Цʵ˭

ŵ˵Լ

أ

ãС

㡭˭

Сã

ͨһҲ˵ʲôоһ˿
ǣѾͷ֪иãõֶãǼ˽Ĺ
ѽ

ɹ黳ɣȷʵ̼ģǱŰɫ࣬
ҵļ㽻ǻ桭ֱ̫ˣֻ룬ҵͷƤһ
ķ飬̣̲סֽס

СħŮ˹̧ͷ涢ңٿЦˣ
һãˣǲǺ˷ܣ

˵˷Ǽٵģ¶ô˼ء

ĵƽ飬΢ЦŶ˵Ǻ˷ܣҪǼװҵ
ãҾͿԺ޹˼ɵҵˡ

ŵգ۾ʵг𣿡

û𣬾̫ˡʱĺڴϣݺһ١

ŵҡӣһЦڴϣֻһ٣ɵģ
˵ǿ·

ôһ˻棬ҽѹڴϣĿַ֮
£·˺÷顣



ٴֽ̧סСħŮЦˣǲǺ
̼

ֱǣűˣεЦ㡣㲻üװã
ҽ㡣

ŵЦͷҵļϣĵʵ磬
棬ôô棬òã

Ȼͬ˵Ȼмƣҵࡺ须
ҵĽƿ˵ЦЦ㿪
ٰĸ룬Բ˵Щġ

ô֪ģֲǱСħŮٶȴǰסҵĸ
˵ʵһֱϲġĺϲϲ
ģġ

ЩƻĵĻͺǱҶߵһ㣬ֻŶ
̣ڣ̧ͷ˰㣬ҡΣͷĿѣһʱ
侹ֲ嵽λʵ

ŵĿͣûзӦյøˣʵ磬벻
˯

ҿڸ죬û˵

СҵĶߣ磬ذʵ磬벻
H磬˵ѽ벻

ҸоͲܿƵԼſڡ롻ּѿڶʱ
ƿһˣ

ŵһģȻɵ˵ϣСڸ첲ϣһվһ
ԣƬ̣һЩˣǰȥԣ
һ£ɰ֪Ǽװġ

ûа㷴ӦҸɴץĸ첲͵һᣬװ
ˣϽ

СħŮקڵϣһֵĿңΡΡ˵磬
ʲôѽãòԵġ

֪Ǽװģ̲ס֮ģֻܵŵС
޹Ĵ۾Ͱ͵ĿңǾʧӸǼ
װġ

һɱ㷴Ӧ˹ԭ˵Ľɫݣô淨ѽ
Ǵ̼ǣɸǲе̫ǿˡ

Ȼôţȴ߬ס󣬲Ϸſϡһ
ʹ磬ץҺѽ~ 

㡭ץ󣬿һʧı飬Ī
һ˿а

磬治ŵʼŤӣӣδ
ʹȫװģƬ֮ίͰ͵Ŀң磬
ãĲǸġҡҰ㣬òãֻҪǸҿ԰㡣

ҸоԼЩҲűȴıݣ
㡭ôң

СħŮҧ´ˮĴ۾ʵá֣
𣿡

֪ϷǱ뵽֮У·ǰŮ
ãҵȿʼֹɣͣʿˮͬʱӰ
Ժļ䣬»صҵ

ŵûзӦΡΡ첲ַҵĿ䣬
̧ͷһۣҧҧ촽Ȼ˽ȥڿ㣬۰С
ץһӲڶһ£漴˳ڿԵ˽
ϸ۵СֽŴڻֱˬұһֱһ
ƺߣۼһ𤻬֭Һ

˰С߬żӲʼߣԵЩɬۣС
ͨ죬˫ۣëӼȾߣȫûյ
֮䣬ǱڸһԼãҵļ͸Ӽ
Ӳˣﲻͣط

ƲǺҵ˵˾䣺ﴲȥ

ŵվС־ôһֱҵĿһص
ڴߣ۶

һ߳СִĿУһߴŰȹµİɫ˿࣬
ӡ񱱱ֻڳ֮ǰɫͯ࣬ѧ֮Ҳû
ôˡұ۾̲סʼڴűӣֲ
İϸŮ˿ϣḧţϸ΢ɳɳ
¼ֱˬ˼㡣

˳Ű˿ĨȥֱŮصǵشŵһ
˵ﲻеġ

ôаұ۾Ŵ֪ʡ

ǡǡѹһ㣬ɬ˵ĵ


СħŮǽ͸һ룬һһһһ޲ڡ
֪ڹϷң̲סʵΪʲôѽֻ
һ¶ѣֲġ

ǡ˵ĵطܸġ

һģֻһ±Ĵȣĵطһ˵
һĴڲظţ˿µ˰״⣬ࡢ
ֱ˰֡

ǡֻȣܡѽ㡭˵㻰ŵ
۾һߵĿҡ

˵ʱҽƣƸĴֻĴ
Ⱥ˿ڿ㶼ܸоŮ͹ۡ

磬ÿĵطġСħŮŤ


ѾȫϷˣȹĴסظţŴһ
£ñøһ¡㶼˸ĵطˣһĲŹ
ƽѽ

ƽƽ˵㻰ڴߣڴߵ˿
С߶ţﶼ˿ǻСȻҵĿ
żʵ۶š

ȻˬѾڴˣһѽСק˳
˴ϣŷϴƽ̹Сϣͷ

ŵڴϣĵСǾ֣۲ӯȻ΢
ʵ磬㡭ʲôѽ

㱼䣬ѾֲǸŹֵСħŮǻɰı
ˣȥӣġģһ
Ůһ̡

촽룬ֻ˫Ŀգë΢΢ʶ
һӣ̬Ȼɡ

Ŀԣ໥ŴƬ֮󣬺Ȼһˣվ˴
ߣ˿СţֱӽĽƷϣһ
֮лһ˿΢ᣬټһƤζֱƢΣĴ̼

ѾȫſңֻҰһ㣬ͷСħŮİ
˿ġ͸İɫ˿࣬Ө۵׼ϡɼֹ֮
£Ůèצչ͸ֺ£
ϸɰָȻûͿͣȴӫⷢ

ĿԽ⣬ֻСħŮɣճ죬ҧָ
ңǽ߿СģǱ

һ뵽ãĿɿ˫֣⿪ͬڿһ
Ȼٶץİ˿Сţһγһ
Ѩ͵Ĺͷһ˿Ѩ˿ֱףˬ
һ

ŵѽһϰҪҡ

磬ʲôѽöѽ

øһ£һ¾ͺˡ

ӲĽѨسţɫ˿Ħźͮͮ
Ĺͷɳɳ졣ϴεСŲͬŰɫ˿СѾ
ӵĹ⻬˳۽ĺϲһŮѨһ㣬У
һϮ˵⡣

磬ûУ

ϣϾͺˡ

Ƭ̡

磬㵽׺ûаŮңѽĴ
ǻ

ˣˣϾͺáô˵Ҳôķй


ұĿ֮ʱȻһϸ΢ĳ̧ȥֻŵС
תһԣҧʳָᣬǼͨ죬һһµ΢΢š

ۼ˾ҵһ˿θУһ˿֮飬ƽʱ
Ϊ϶ϷֻݼЩ̫ˡ

֮ģȡ֮ǸǿҵҽӰ˿См
˳߬סһѽקվڴߣкᣬ
ңЩãȻЩ޹ȥףһ࣬

磬ʲôѽ

·ˣø翴һС̡

ŵ˫ֱأۣܵ˵ҲҪ

ѾȫϷвСŮĹ򣬰Ȱв˵ñ
ø翴һ£һ£òãҪǲø翴硭H˰

ŵͷţԥ˺ðҲжͷϸ
£ԹԵģԼ·ˡȻԼ˰

Ө˳Ű覵ջŮĬãŲ鲻Ը
ίѵ˷ۺɫףȻץסԵ
·沢ûд֣һɰİɫСģǰ
ŵùĹĵġ

ŵûмٶȽֱǰкᣬ͵һһµĳ
ţǼѾͨ죬Ƥ˫βЩңίӣܹκ
˵

һѽұƵģһСĵĴӣȻ
ȥʹһȴȻϼ

ҵȵЩͷˣֽСĵϵԲļͷ
Ȼ󽫰۵СִǰƿСû˵»֣
¶۰׽顣

ԽԽ˷ܣ߬סСĵ϶ˣǰĿע£
һǰʱ˳˼ŮǴһ㣬͵һ
ܵҪڵҴ

ŵ˫ֽǰòŷظ·ӵЩ֪롣

Ů֫ϸҴźͯĽۣظر󣬵ǺԲ
رãССһƬͭǮСͷʷۺɫ۵ӣˡû뵽
ССϸȴôһСӣģְ塣

ҶŮظƬ̣ʶһڿˮ֣
ס˷ۺɫСͷŵҷţ屾ܵÿһ
£ӾͲһ¡

硭𡭡òãѾ˿⸱
ģġĲ֪ǲװġ

ûдŪƬָ֮Ůϣֻ
дӲץŸճ¯ķͷƵģֻ壬ֵһ
ָ뵽໬ϸ֮С

~ ء

ŵʼ߬סҵ֣ҪĶ
ԸһŮ飬ַͷḧţЩ

˰ΣŮͷ֪ʱѾȻ鷿ѾЩס
ҽ˫ڰŵļϣѹ΢ķ£ʹ˫ϥأ
С𣬹۵ҡ

㱼䣬ѾֲǰŵǱˣСѾͷƽ
ʱżģʱҵǰо˫صĿС

ͦѾҪͱյŮߣܵһ㣬ȴץ
סβ裬ק˻

ŵ۾Ժؿۿعţ
źһ硭

ŮС죬˵ʱʹͲһ¡ٶȺ
ƭ纬һ¡ͺһ¡

磬òãոա˵õġ

ĲпʼӲģвոǸոգڸܲˣ
Ҫ纬ҪH˰

ŵңʵĳƬ̣ſС죬ǰ촽һ
ͷ˻ȥôؼ֮󣬽ͷתһԣ

֪ΪΣҾȻһ˿Ű֮ģСԴ£
СѾͷ˼ίԿƬ̣¶Ƶģ캬ס
ȴ˳ղס

ۼӲһһصĽŮǻ֮Уʪů棬ˬҲ
гѾǵڶν밲ŵСˣϴҿڽ
ϣˬȴǲ鲻ԸίǱвȵĳ
ֻ콫ͣݲʱвʵЩ
ܡ

ɬĸоɵ˫ץס˫β
һ㣬СԴͦŮӣ֮з
ѣ󡻵

϶µȥֻƽսթСħŮʱ
ƿţһ˫Ŀ̧дί߳ܡԽ
Խ̴мͷǻͷҲʣ˼
⡣

СħŮȻװȴɴڣŹͷʣ
а㣬ֻô£оҪˡ

Ҳôݲݵ͵ؽ˳߶ʮ
һһѽƷ˴ϣ˫ɫȹڣץסɵףָ
һСڣȻһ˺ŽɫŮڿǵһԡ

ֻŮ͹𣬰履⻬Щǳɫĳëϡ
ϡ裬һ۷죬Ѩգ³ƵǳɫС
ޣѹһ𣬲κη϶Ѩ·һɫСУǳǳ壬
ɷǿɰСɵľѨ

ҼѨʪ壬ѾͷȻ顣Ǽȷȣʲ
ôģ˵ͦǰͷѨڣĹĵı
һһխǻ֮С

СħŮһϸʣüͷ壬𣬲
мС¹һ㣬һʱ侹Ȼû˶

û˿ͷ⣬һͱףֱײѨۻ
֮ϣֻѨڴеأǻƴѹ
ˬ֮˲ϯȫҧгݣ﷢˿˿֮ͬʱ
ҵһɻ󣬷ƺײһĤ

ŮĤѵСħŮǴŮ

ѽֶ쳣죬ȫǸݺС꾫
ôܱŴ֮

ǣСѾͷ˫Ŀաüҧгݡͨ죬˫߬Ŵ
ӯֺϵˣȫһʹൽ˼
ӣôҲǼװѽ

˫ַϸ𣬵ͷȥֻСѨû
һ˿϶⼸ŵ͸͸źӫ㣬𤻬壬
ȴʺ

Ҿ˵СħŮôǴŮء

û˼ɣҽһ㣬СѾͷôſǻ
һ硭~ 

ҷֲۣϷѨеȴ
㹻ʪ壬ҲûаֵĳأֱҪʶƵġ

ͣϢƬ̣ͱխѨǻýģһһ
ţҲ֮ʢɫ滺֮ҧѽӲ
飬Ůüͷ壬ֻСץŴټš
һ𣬽ҧأ˵˾䣺~ 

ûӲͷƤͳ˳Ѩ۴ʵ̫խ
ӣɫ⡣⾥ȫ뿪СѨֻͷʱ
Ҿȵķ֣״ﾹ˿˿ѪգǿڿҲȾ졣

Ǿ֣û뵽СѾͷȻǸŮвɵһ
ǸȻ̧ͷȥֻϹۣҧ´üͷ壬Ŀ
ңίп

ۡ˰ɣһʱҾȻ֪˵Щʲôˣȷ
ࡣ

ŵȻʶѾܣеίر˲
һЩŭСתһԣҲһҪĨȥϵ飬
ȴǿĽҵִһԣȻ۽Ȼ飬ȴû˳֮

֪ΪΣ֪ǴŮҾȻЩģټ⸱ǿСģ
Щ

й½ƴԲæңͷѨڣſ
ؿϣסͷʱ˱ʱͬʱ쵽Ů
ģס۵٣ꡣ

أŮĺﴫ˼ٵᴭŹͷѨҲ
Ţ֬Ⱥ桢壬ȻŮѾ顣

Ҽʱ죬һ˫ָϥǣһͦ
յѨǻ¶Ѩ

~ СѾͷһϸֲۡķˡ

ҿʼСѨŮײ»ζ
Сתһԣʳָʱĳ̴ٽ
ߣ

ͷḧһ£ʵ𣿡

ŵûлشԥƬ̣ص˵ͷ

ĸ㲻ףһŮΪʲôҪѾĹ

벻ףȴʢ̲ס˫ֳŮİ˿ȣڼϣ
һһ߼ӿ˳

ššš

أŮſС죬HĽѨǻ
ΣϱҲƷǰʹࡣ

ò˵СħŮѨǽЩ֣ҪǼ㹻Ӳ
ʹ˳̵Ҳδؼý

ҿĲ֪ϵر֮ʱƼмеİ
ۣץһƣǰ̺͹أڰۻļϺţ
кˣһ˵Ĳᡣ

ҴסˣԼ֮µЩ̺۵ŵȻûԤϵһץ
ѣЩңƴҪ
²ء

û˵Ҳû˵ǻ࿴ŶԷСѨȻ
ͦȴ˳HŪҲ֪׾ʲôʧ
ӣȴʵ

Ƭ̣ҿʼٶȳֻҪ࣬ࡣ

ڽѾ֮ʱֻұܵĴӶڴϵĿͳֻ
һƺ룬ȻǱģһ顣

ڲż٣ѧУءʱҴ绰ʲô

˰ŵһۣԥƬ̣ͨ˵绰

ι

񾭲ءЦʵ

õѹµСħŮȻЩҵĸоСѨ
һ̲סһ塣

ҡûʲôʲôأ

¸ڶգһزȥˣϸ˸Ӧ
þҪ͵ˣǵòѽ

ʲôѽһʣһ߿ʼHŪµСħŮо
ͬԼһ㡣

㣬յ˾֪ˡϲ

𣿡ԽHԽ죬СħŮײػζҧָüͷ
ƴѹŽ֮

˵ˣ㵽ʱ֪ˣݰݡ

ͷϣЩ᲻Ҷϵ绰æֹһ£

ҪʲôЩɻ

ҡҡܾûˣ״
˵š֪ö£ϻϵ
жʵ̫̼ˣѾЩͷתˡ

ҵ㷢ʲôأ

㡭㺰һ硣

ʲôѽȻЩãȻ

ˣ㺰ͺ

ԥƬ̣Ằһ硣

Ҹо˷ܵ˶㣬ƴײŽխŮСѨѾȫС
ѾͷŸոտŵײˣһʹƺ
ɻʵڸʲôѽ

ҡæͣѨڣţˬЩ˵
ˡ

ǲǸһ𰡣



̬ѽһҶֻȻʶ
ʲôȴ˸Ķ

ҶֻµСħŮңĪ˾䣺
¸ڶ

ǰôˣ

Ҳǡ

ʲôʲô

ҵգҲ¸ڶ

һ㶣ɵЦôɣȻͬһգ

գˮӯӯĴ۾ҡƬ֮󣬲ʵҪ
һ𣿡

ұĻͷתģĶҽУЦȻͬһ
գǾ͵໥˰ɡ

ŵû˵Ŀң֪СԹﵽЩ
ʲôĬƬ̣̽ԵʵҪ𣿡

㡣

ûдСѨֱӽ˸ȻϸС
һᣬ˿ȹڴϣڳơ

ҽַڱɫ˿ŵСƨϣ̰ĸţ
ģȻ㿪ʼ֫HŪ

ŵôңΪʲôѽһHһ̲סʵ

Ů̵ͦİ˿СƨɣС˫ֱӱײһǰһ
Ļζģûлش

òǡϲҰɣ

ûлشֻСȴס﷢ٵĴϢѨ
һһģȻ˸о

ʵѾЩͦסˣŮİ˿ΣһͦŮ
ײذڶһͱѨ⣬һɹɵŨӿ

~ š

ŵСֱһѨǻһΣӲ˺þò
Ƶſ˴ϡ

ŮѨãƣس˳Ũ׾Һ
ĴŮѪ˿˳ԲԲĽխѨ˳Ѩϡɼ
һһľš

ЩͷˣǰһѪŮ˭ѽ



ڶƽҹҵա

֮󣬰ŵʲôҲû˵ֻҴ·ˡȻҾЩ
ԲҲ֪˵Щʲô

ŵ˵ϰĿͻҲۼһ֣ǸŮ
˵ƽʱûԮѲɣֻǰ˴ɻڽ㽻Ҷ
ԽԽˣֲȥϰ֡

˸٣ڼ׼硣ҷѧؼҵʱ
ζѾ˲ҶҰԵġϰֻȥһյ⣬
Ȼд״Ԫڣˡ⻹Ҫ˽ҪμӸ߿
տûôų

ϰֽ룬ͳҪֻˣ
óһۣûнӣֱӹҶˣȻȼ

˿ĵơ֮Уҡҷϰ֣
֣ĬĬԸȻһ

ƹ´򿪣ĸҵͷȰ΢Цӣ
죬ʮˣѾǳˣӦö˰ɡ

Ҷ£Һܶ¡ҵͷ

ǰƢãǴ㣬ӽ豣֤Ҳˡ
踧ҵͷ˵

ȴܵһ䣺ˣʮ꣬ͻȻˣе㲻
ϰѽ

㡭̧Ƭ̣Ц˵豣֤򡣵
ǣѾǳˣӦ֪ʲôǸģʲôǲġӽ쿪
ʼҪһѧϰϣûУ

ˣˡҵȻ֪軰лҲˣ
ǰŮ˱Ͼҵ裬øһҲܸҷϵ
ġȻ֪ܣαִء

֪ӹԡοĸҵͷ

˵ˣְ˵ɡСϰָտڣֻˣ
һۣûӡ

ɻʵ˭ĵ绰ѽ

绰յġϰЦЦȻ˵СӽԺ
Ͳкˡ

ҪŮˣ

ƶ죡ҵ˼ǣӽˡʲôˣ
֪𣿡

룬Ц˵̡

ϰɤӣһ˵ˣΡˣǡ

ˡ졣

˭ѽôᡣ

߹ȥ򿪴ţȵķ֣СħŮŵȻվڴ⣬
һһ飬ͷңǸոձ˴Ŵ۾ޱĿ
ҡ

һʵôˣ

û˵ôֱĿҡ

ʵ˭ˣ

ôӦȥŵֽƿ˽ȥæת
ֹȴѾߵ˿վŲ

һãȻɻĿ

ϰֻҵվΡΡ˾䣺㡭ôˣ

ŵҧ´Ȧһ죬һ֡


1.11

һ֣ڳ˶ˡ

ãϰɫɷףһļž

ҵֱѾͷǰҰĹģ˶ˣ
ܵƹˡҪ֪ҸĹϵ군ˡ

ãǰȥקק½ǣʲôأ
֣ϽߣϽߡ

ŵתͷӵĺһ硣

ͫ˲ŴһĿҡҸæߵ
ɫѾˣҲ磡

ûңǰһ˵ϰֵĻ˫§ס
ź~ 

ϰַֽļϣҪƿЩãȻ֪Ľڰգ
Ƭ̲Ťͷ衣

ʵô¶˭ѽ

ǡǡϰֵķǳ͵˵
һˡ

ҲЩԾˣѾͷǳġϸ룬
ϽǰסҪקϰֽΧһ߲ͣ
ǡϴڹݺҵǸŮ

ŵ§ϰ֣ôɿŤͷ裬
к˵ҽŵҰְ躣Ρ

һðŻعζֻϰɫ԰ף촽סĲţ
ͷ亹ֱðٿ裬ҧǣɫͨ죬ݺݵصϰ֣ؾ
ȻǷŭ˼㡣

㡭ǡϰֱ鼫ŤЦһ£ȴһ


˭ѽһ

ǡ

һϵ걭ˤ˵ϣ㵱һء˫
Ŀͨصϰ֣ŰΣŭĳȥҪץס
ŭһң

ŵøϽ˻ȥصңۡһݺݽˤϡ

ϰʱŷӦֽŵ˿һ𱸵ı飬ʵ
ôˣҲ˵ˣʲô¶ȥ㡣

ŵ۽ί˵Ǵҡҡҵգ
ֻ㲻ӡ

㡭ϰָüͷ壬һĳݡ

ǵĶԻҵֱ죬СħŮȻϰֵŮ
ͬĸˡ

~ Ҳҵ˴ĴŮ

һҵԴϡ

Ѿ֪ݴʱˣֻȷɣ
ֱ̫Ĵ̼ˡ

ϰּ죬ֹ˵˾䣺¡Ȼߵ
ǰţȴŭҹ

ϰվڷ⣬ƶţ˵ʲôŵ
һӣۺףͷң۽Ǻᣬչۡв
ɣСѾͷôᱻ˴ˣ˭ģ

Ҳ˵ʲô̬ȣֳֽ
˵˾䣺ɡ

ŵӹֽûвᣬ΢΢һЦлл磬á

üͷһ壬ʵ֪磿

ŵɵĵ˵ͷ

ôң

Ҹ˰

ʲôʱ򣿡

ϴڹ԰ұǸͷŵʱ˵Ҹ˰

㡭һʱȷʵ˵ĸ磬Ϊֻ
ƣѹûⷽ롣

ͬʱһγɣӵëȻҴյ
ǰʣȻ֪磬ΪʲôҪң

ûйѽǿҵġ

ʲô

ŵߵһЦǿҵġƵ뿴һ𣿡

ԣˡһ˵ϵˣ

㵽ʲôҧʵ

Ҳʲôŵ΢΢һЦ漴§סҵĸ첲ڼϣ
ʵ磬㻹𣿡

ҵģġĶأհһƬ޷˼
ˡ

ҰŵָԼٺЦ

㣿

ǰ͸һã㲻𣿡

ҡ

磬ϲϲң

ʲô˼Ҫƿ첲ȴӲ̧

ϲϲϲϲŵҵϣҡš

֣һ㶼ϲ㣡Ҳ֪ҪʲôԲ
һٶĵóѡ

ŵΪյҵĶߣʵš磬ϲϲ
˯

ŮϢȵϢҵĶߣӶˡѾ֪
Ӧ˵ЩʲôˣҵãԾǸСħŮǴħ


ϲϲŵ§ĸˣ׷ţԺ󣬻
Hˣ磬˵

㵽ʲôѽ

ڴʱϰֻص˿ۼ˾һ㶣ʵʲô
ǣ

ŵɿ˫֣СԴҸҸء

ϰֵһۣû¶ȥ

ϰ˵Щʲôȴֲ֪οڣ˰ŵһۣ
ˡ֪ƿߣŰӭ˹Ĵ磬
ȻҪߡ

ϰæǰס裬İƣ˵
ͣвС

ÿʲôͰʲôý͵ѽȻûᣬ
ͨ죬ɢŭֻĶ

ǡǸô˵أ㡭šȰѰ£
͡ϰüͷ빪ӣֱ΢˼㣬͹ûй
ˡ

ÿ

ϰקĸ첲ǲá

֡

ţ˵һ䣬һ䣬вУ

Ҳ֡ɱĵϰ֣ɲɣ

ϰȻǱƸסˣԥԥɿ֡ͷҲص
߳˼šϰֳҰڰ֣ʾҸ裬ҹ˲û·˼
׷ȥ

ߵ¥ͣλ򿪳˽ȥҽ˸ʻλϣ
ؿһۣû˵

Ҳ

ûм˵Ҳû̷棬ڼʻλϣؿǰ
һԣĵעںڳûȴĺ룬Ұ׸
¡ɫѩȹɫ˿࣬ɫͷϸ߸Ьһ
Ůд硣

ò˵ǸΪעŮˣʢŭ֮£Ŷ
ɶׯࡣ

ͻȻһŮӣ˵ϰֵŮŮԣ
Ҳ޷ܵġҪ֪ŮԼĶӷ˹
ϵƾҪԭرըˡ

ϰЦǿ̫ˡԼıӡ

ԼԴ¾ģ¶һ֪

һۣʵأ

ҹ򶨣üϰҲ̫Ƕˣôܸɳ¶
ء

໰

ߵķʵ

㲻ܡϾ֡

ǡҰ֡ô˸ӣȻ
ʮꡣ˵ѽ治֪ô˵ˡ߶䣬תЦȰ
ο裬Ҳ̫ˣ¶ɣӦ飬мʲ
ôᡣҾӦҰֽһ¡밡ǰʱҲ
ˣҰ˰ɡýıġ

ʲôѽңŮֵʱַ𣿡

š⵹ûСҾš

һûأתӣңŮǲʶ
ˣ

ҡʶҲʶ֨֨ص˵ˣǰʱҲ
Ǳɹɫͽɳˣ˵ǱݺģšǸ
Ůݺġ

𣿡

ûУҼϣҲҽûС

۾ɵңô찡

֮ǰȷʵǼ档ЩŤ󣬵Ͼ˵ұ֤
Բ֪ҰֵĹϵ

תӣ̾˿˵ȥɡ

ҲȥôܶأѾʮˣѾкˣ
ˡܸεġ

㸺ʲôѽ

չѽҰڳһ˵ļƣӣ
һ˳ţҲġҪһһһ벻ͨһ
ȥˣôѽ

üͷһ壺Ҹǰܲܰ㡣

Ұұ֤

̾˿ʻСһԣûҪȥ
Ϊ֪ذҲûʲôطȥġ

·ϣذͨ˸绰˵Ҫס죬ذ˵û⡣
ƣҪסһˡ

֮󣬿ŵ½֪ܲһһҺЩ
ȡذһۣû˵ʲô

һˮذһңʲôͲö֪ˡ½
ק˿ɳϣһԵʵô°ֳָ
ˣǰܣҳô豻ϳˣ

¶ô˵أͷͻȻʶұԼŮ
ȥԮãȷʵеˡû뵽ԮľȻԼͬĸã
⡭ܡҲߡǱӦɣ

ôѽ½Եëˣֻ۾ҪŹˡ

ҡܶ˸á

ʲô˼½һʱûзӦ˸ã

˸ãǡһʱ֪ôͣͷƤ
ӳѪˣѹ˵Ұֿܡ͵͵˸ӡ

½ȵŴͣ۾ֱؿңƺЩ
š

㻹ǵ쿴ӰʱһֱҵǸŮ𣿡

ǵð½ͷͻȻ۾Ȼ



ѽ~ ½˫סС죬ð˵ѹܲ㣬ԭ
Ŀĵѽ

ǰĿķǳĲɸˡҶ½֪
ѾǸҰ÷ϵˡ

ذСʱŴذ̶½˵ȥ
鷿˯Сɣø˯

Ŷ½ɵĵ˵ͷһۣʵǡС˯
Ķ

ʲôذЩͷת˵ڿ
ɳϽһϣѧͻؼҰɡ

æʣأ

ذ˵赱ȻҪǼסһӰ

ҸϽ˵ҲȥĶҾĶ

~ ذЦˣ벻ѽÿҪѽ
ôţ

Ƴһۣ˵ؼסɣﲻ㣬ѧϰ

ҲģĶҾĶ

ذ̺ߵӣŴ˯ݰ

ʶĳ½˹ȥʶԣһƨɳϣ
Ҿ˯ɳϣͦõġ

Щˣ⺢ӣôôѽ

ҸɴɳϣˣҲߣ˵ʲôߣ
ůļҡ

ذ̺ߵһ㻹Ǽˡã˯ɡҿɾ
ѽҪҲʵҿɶ㲻ѽ

ָ֪½Ц˵Сûҿұ֤
Һʵرʵ

ذ̸Ҹͷһëҽ˯ɳ
еխ˯ȷʵ̫ĴæҲûϴƷ˯˯㣬
һ˯ͦġ

ڶѧһ˼ңϰûڣСħŮҲûڣʰЩ
½ȥˡ

ļ죬ذ̵Ȱⰲοȶʱ
ͻȻ֮佫Ķˤȥ

Ԫʱ򱱱żٻΪ˲Ӱѧϰŵʱţû
ֻ˵ϰ賳ܣıȽ־һʱ䡣ƽʱ
ŤѾϰˣҲûлɣ鷿½һϣڶ
ͻѧУȥˡ

Ԫںĵڶ죬½һͬѧߣ֪ճУţ
ֶվһ὿εϤӰСħŮŵĴѧУ
Уһ»ûϳ

Щһֱⲻȥһ棬ﲻɵһ𣬵ͷ
ߡһ룬ҸҪأҵġ뵽
תֳУţϸһ룬Ͼ˼ҵĴŮһѪռ
ˡҵãҪ֪ˣⱲӾˣ

ؼǣ˵ƵҵʱǼϷӣֱ
ǿ鷸ҪƵ͵ƺҲϴˡ

ҵͷߡ

½еɣЦõʵػصģ׸ʲôأĥ
أ

סˣֶָָ档½˳ָķȥ
һУİŵվ·ߣСԴǡɵһ㶣
ʵǸǸǸã

εĵ˵ͷ

Ѿʲô

ЦЦô֪

ôѽ

ǰôѽҪ֪ô죬ôػص

̾˿Ȼ鷳ˣǾһ԰ɡ˵ţֿ
סĸ첲ϽһڣǷѾͷӦûһЩɡ

½붼û룬ѿһߣбؿңǼҵ
ʲôϵͬĸãֲá

˿Ҫǽˣͳˡ

½Сһ᲻飬Ҫ˵ء˵İ

Ƕģôء

㶺棬ҿЦˣԼȥɣҿɲԸ
˵ţתҪߣһץסüһĳݣҡһ
ˣ¡

½ЦһСѾͷƬӣƻûء㺦ʲôѽ

ɲһѾͷƬӡô˵أҪǸһ
ô

½бؿң⻰ʲô˼

æĿڣ˵㵥

½ߵһǴΪҲ֪

ôҲôƶˡôõĴʶôζˡ

н߳īߺڣǸѧġˣˣ
˼ҵˡ½ҪߣȻʲôת˵ˣ
Ҵ绰˵ҹ࣬ˣ蹫˾Ӧ꣬Ƶ
ԼȻˣԼ취ҾͲ˰

ҿЦ㻹ǲŮ˰

ޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɡ~ ~ ½˻֣
תȥ

ε̾˿˵Ҫģ˵ˣ
ǸСѾͷƬʲôµġ

һӲͷƤ˹ȥ˫ֲ嶵վǰװһ
ηӣޱʵʲô

СѾͷŵβ˫ϴŰɫ˶Ьڰվţ
ǳĹɿɰϵѾˣһЦ磬ˡ

ŮЦ񻨶һ崺硣֪Ц󣬿
ŲΪ֪Ŀı

û˵ֿסҵĸ첲Ц˵磬뿴Ӱ
ȥòã

һ˵ӰڵӰԺĳӷȣ
ȴһķƵһߣü㵽Ҫʲôѽ

ʲôѽŵСԴ΢ЦҾԼ㿴Ӱ
ȥ𣿡

ҹϾܾҲȥ

šСѾͷƬ̣˵һԶɣ͡

ʣ

Ǻðɡŵɵĵ˵ͷôô˵ʱ
Ȼ˾䣺ͷҰƵ衣ˡ

𣡡ҸϽץס󣬽ק˻˵Է
ȥ

ðŵ§ҵĸ첲ҵϣСʵ磬
ʲô

ͺã⡣˵꣬ҳ̾˿ֻ
СҲ֪Ҫʲôôѱץ°뱲ӹ
Ҫˡ

˸ڽֵĿ꣬ոչڵԵʣ˲࣬˸
λĵԱߵɳϡ
ҺȻţ˸Ƶģɵͬʹһ㡣ǸС
ħȥأ

òͺ󣬰ŵ˫ַڲϣŴ۾Ŀҡұ
ƵĻڣɤӣʵ㡭סĶ

լȥѽ

ǡҡ۰̸ô

ͦõѽ

Ŷͦõİ

һεĳĬٶȿڣ⣬Ⱑ

ʰɡСѾͷͷ˿Ȳ衣

㡭أ

ˡ

Ͳµˣôɴ࣬Щʼδ

ǡ㡭ְأǡԭǸְ֡

Ҳˡ

ƽȴȥȻڵţ
һİ̺ȴҵԺ֡ԼܲµЩ̺ôģͬ
֮ȻҪοοȴ־еʡװˣôҲ
ڡ

ŶġǡЩ㶼Ǹһ𣿡

š

ô֪֪֯һԣʵ
ô֪Ұװֵģ̸ģ

һţҹʮٲ𿪡ûĻȥ
ͰˡСѾͷƽ

һţô˵ģ˵ԭǸְֲװ
֣Ұֲװ֣

ǵİϾô˵ġ

ô֪ģ

СѾͷһЦҪȥˣҲ֪

ãҭ˵ˡ

ʱԱʳĶһϷ⣬һ̲ס׷
ʣȥҰ֣˵Ůˣ

ŵͷ˵һʼҲţȫˣ
ѧ֤ȷʵŮ

Ȼ֪ʲôϵΪʲôҪҪأ

СѾͷǰ㣬΢Ц˵ǿҵġ

ҡҼֱץˣһЦúúãԺ
¶ˣòã

ʲô¶𣿡

ҸҪ˵״ȻһͷһƣѾͷȻְЬ
ѵˣѩԲСѾϴǳɫߵĴ޴࣬ÿܣ
Сزš

вУã

ҵĿ֮ʱѾѾ˳ҵȣʵ˴ȸ
Ľٴβ˿м䣬ֺĲŪš

СħŮǸСħŮֻԻˡ

ҵһ˿ͲҲûע⵽ҲҽС
ƿֳʲô۶ôţͺܿͱӲ

ϵѾҪˣȫû˼ԡŵһƬҵ
е˵磬ѽ

ҷһ˵вУô˵Ҳ磬׸硣

֪ǲ仰ŴСѾҵĿ˻ȥ
һڣζӳ£Žζͬ

磬ǲңŵȻʵ

Ҳ㡣ҿɥ˵㡣

ʲôѽѵŪò𣿡ŵȦ˸˸
ߣĶ

ҿҪˣ˵ˣвУ磬
ãңҽҪ߿ˣһӵĴ£вУ
ʲôȵȸ߿˵вУ

䣬ŵеĿӵ˵ϣ굽ȥҸ
˵Աһ˫ˣ֪ȴ굽ҵ档

һûӦѾҵĿڿ㣬
ſſ˳

һŻŵ¹ƣȻͷʲôѽ

ŵһغһżͣ±Ѫˡ

ҴˣҴˣŵ磬в˿~ Ŷ~ 

ͷȻ뵽һůʪխСǻ۵ڹͷһһ
µšְֱͷϣҪƿ֪ͷһۣ
ҧһ¡

Ҳˣֻףͷϣˣ
о˼㣬ҪҵãǸöá

Ρˬ֮ǻšһϺȻ
˵Ҹæǰ㣬ؿѹڲԵڵգۼ䣬
һλŮʿһߴŵ绰һߴ߹˵Ҳɣ۽
һ£ɵһ

ε˼㣬Ŀ׽װԱû˴ڡ
Ůʿһ죬첽߿ͻȻЩ죬ϸһ룬
ŮԱαŵϷζƼǡԵ


ں˼֮ʱѾ˶㣬ұ׼侫ʱ
ȴС˳ƣ˻ȥ

ұòϲ£ʵЩ󣬵Ѿ֪Ĺϵ
˼Ҳǿֻܾôڰɽϣżϻ

ȷʵСѾͷģ뿪ȥӰѾڵĹǺ
ˣʵûˣధħơ

ȥ·ϣҵֹһŰŵΪһĥŻ
ȥ֮½йй

~ 

          1.12 
ŵĲϲ£Ҫˡ 
ҼҴҵذ̼ϣߵСſʱͻȻ½ǰ
ңסҵʱ䣬ֶֹţϴ붼
Ҫġ 
½ȻûɶƢԸȴִֵĺܣ£ʮͷţ
Ҫæк𣬿е鷳ˡ 
վСſĥһƼԱߵı꣬ͻȻһ⡣
ȻĲУӲֿܣǲԡǰ;
͵͵ơƣľ̫ơ¶ǾЩκˣټ
ȥӦ꣬ذֵҹֱ࣬͵ 
뵽ת˱꣬ơƣӼ¾ʳ˵
ʱԱڽӰ࣬һȦģǸոտ޹ 
Ұǫ̛һţһۣ˵δ겻ơ 
һæʮˣѾˣ 
ʮˣĶʮˣ 
ˣԼµɨһ飬ЦõķʵĶʮ
ˣ 
ĶʮˣŮԱרҳƵġ 
ǣôûɣһͷˮ 
Ǹո°ŮԱϽ˻ֳ˳½ǣ
ȻЦŶ˵й涨Ƹδꡣ֤𣿡 
һ̯֣Уû 
ûû£Сӳģͦģһ͹ʮˡһ˵ţ
һɨˡ 
ҸоеĪŤͷԱһۣͷɥ
һԵŮѵʧʧ 
лȻʧ˰ǹֿģͲƽˡ 
ơſڣһװһӣš 
Žݣ½ɥЦ˵ôˣ˪һ 
ѽ~ ҿ챻ˡҰơʳ輸һӣ̾һڣ̱
ɳϡ½Աߣʵô£˵
ʲôѽ 
Ҵһơƣ½գ۾Ƶʲô˼ 
˵ҺȾơ 
ö˶˵ĺʲôư 
ҸԼһơƣü˵ңûţ 
ȻҪдҵءʲôȡ 
Һڣܡ죬вУװһ
ӣʵѾдӲһˡ 
ôѽ㵹˵ѽ½Щˡ 
޸һ£ߺȱ˵ 
½ӹһڣԥƬ̣ߣһڡ 
Уͷͺðˡ 
һ߽ŵ¸˵һ飬һ߲ͣȰȾơȻСħŮ
Щû£ǲܸ˵ġͼӴ׵Ľ˰Сʱ
ˣơҲްˡۿ½˫糺죬
룬ȻЩ΢ 
Ҽʱˣ߿˿Ľ첲ļϡ
׼ͷȥĲ½Ȼֱӣü㽲ô죬
һûиףΪʲôҪѽ 
Ķ֪ѽҪ֪ʲôõŷ˵ţ
ǰȥ 
԰½ܵĽҵִһߣŤͷʵ
͵͵˸Ůżһ⣬ŷʲô 
Ұִһ˽ŮƢĵֵ
˵һɢˡΪгӣܲһߴ󷢸пһ
ơƣŵߡ 
½ܵĺһڣҡͷҾŲᣬӼ
ֵĸͦġ㿴⼸˶ٴΣǲţ
ҲͣʵϻΪ¶ˣǸ
ѻ˵ˣһɢֱȥְˡ 
ιôһ˽ء 
½ģߵһӣ˵ô˵Ҳ
ŮˣŮ˵˼Ҳ˽ѽ 
㻹ŮˣЦĶŮˣëѾͷһ 
½תʣĶŮˣ 
нһ£ָذ̱һ£أȣƨ
һ̾۾΢б˾䣺ĶŮˡ 
½˫ֲͱ˵ʵ˵Ķ
ŮˣҵĶŮˣ 
ҿɵúú˵ˡҳûͷǿ죬ȥ
ɵľӼҷ棬ɫСİ΢΢¡Ů飬ջ 
½ͷһ£Ҫˣ˳ƽ§ڻſڶ
ߣĵЦǺܾûǸˡ㿴żûˣ
Ǹһ°ɡ 
~ ~ ½ҵţƣͬʱ
ʹں˾ƵԵʣЩ˰쾢ôҲ
Խ§Խ 
Hһ°ɡұùܵġҵĶ
ԣŴĲͣ˵š 
½һ߰ƣһתҪ뿪κʼղϷ֣
ſɳϣҴӺ汧˫ִҸ£ץסŮĽʹ
꣬䲪·˽ʵ̵ͦСƨϡ 
~ ѹҺܰ½ĲѾˣ
䶯Ҳӽ⽥˴Ϣ 
ȥԼĿӣҪͷų½Ҳ֪Ƕˣ
ˣŤͷϢŶ˵һҪͻȻ
ˡ 
ſĶŮɢ㣬оѾЩգ
޿ˡ˵еԿףȻͻȻҸ
ˣåǴҲɡ 
һҪH. ſĶߣ˵˵ 
ȷſң˵½ûش϶Ҫ
Ʒȴûгɹ 
㱣֤ҪǱ֤Ҿͷſ 
ҡұ֤½Ը˵˾䡣 
˵㱣֤H. ԾɲģſĶ˵ 
㡭ᡣ½İѾķˣǲ˵ 
˵㱣֤H. Ҫǲ˵ҾH˰ҸоԽ
Խ˷ˣѾ̲סȥĿˡ 
½æֹȻŤ˵ұ֤š֤ұ֤
H. Խ˵ԽСֱϸšͬʱСɳ
ѩ׵ĲΪɬ˷ۺɫ΢΢Ĳš 
ǿŽ͵뷨½
һҵԾɲĵ˵Ѿ֤ˣ˵㻰
 
½һۣ湻åġ 
Ҵ֣˵Ҫǲåôϲ𣿡 
½ͳɡƶɡ÷þץ
 
һͻȻСħŮŵ֮࣬һ˿֮顣 
ôˣ½ҷ㶣ɻʵ 
ҸæͣȻȥĸء 
ϻ˯ݣȥĶ 
½鷿ߣȻ˸뷨ֽקס
ɵЦ½һͷˮüʵﰡЦô 
롭롭֧˰죬˵ڣϾϴ¶Ū
ʵ̫ˡ 
½ƺǲµҵ뷨Сһߺ죬ȥɣ
·ˡ 
ǡ͡һΣһΡ˫ֺʮĵİ 
ҾͲҲ㰮½һ仰ת鷿
ôȫûлתأֻʧĸ˽ȥ 
СĽãת§ס˳ƵСϣؿѹ΢΢
¡ظӣıϣ̰˱š 
½ңأϢԽԽأ˫Ҳ
ɴ˵ֿҵᱡ 
˰죬ʵЩ̲סˣĿȥƲ
ĳë𤻬ʪŮģĴָᰴٰˣ
ָŢۻѨ֮Уʱʱ 
ĴϢѹָ߿½˫ְҵؿڣ
νĵֿ 
ŪһӣҪѿӽϷʱ½Ȼʵ
Ǹ𣿡 
ĸЩɻ 
Ǹ~ ½ü˵ǡס 
~ һȻȻɴ˵ûС 
ûʲô½ԵЩ 
ҺＱ˵ûӾûӣһҲ¡˵Ȼҳ 
˵û˵õģûײġ½
ҡ 
ǡô찡üͷ 
Ķ֪ҪģԼ취 
ǡȥɡ˰ɡ 
㰡ˡеȻҪˣһ° 
У԰꣬ȥȥ 
һ߰һߴ˳ȥһ̵Сſڵı꣬
һбס˵ĻǸʧŮԱȻȸղźõ㣬
뿴޹ˣϱġ 
˿ףֿ˿ң䲻ʵʲô 
ʧЦ˸ʲôҪ㱨ѽ 
Աɴ۾ҧ˵ССͣʲôǲҪ
ȥŮˣ 
˵ǵʧķ˰ɡ 
ҲûոЦ˵ҡҸŮѣá 
ޣԱŴ˵ʲôãƭ˵ģ˶
УУ 
ҡҼѹûɽɴЦ˵У˵öԣ
˵öԣЩ˶СõģǡǴġ
˵㣬ϽҽвУллˣЩиⲻˡ 
Աŭĵҡ 
ҿధ˺ð죬ǲ˵˵ֲܶʵûޣ
ֻȥˡʱԽżԽǳԲȶ֣
ұ꣬ûġ 
Ҽתʱ½ĶˣΪǵȵĲͷˣ
Ͻȥأһ֪ԭˣϷ˯ˡ 
ţ˵үء 
ҪߣƼֶĽһҳƷۻ̵꣬
룬ȱܽܲõϣ˵ɡ 
Ҵҵظϣ·½һţ˵˲٣͵
ɳ˯ˣȻŷ˷䣬Ҫ˯ˣҪǸҽ鷿
ҺԸβһЦı顣 
һһأ˰Сʱ½ҵԿ״˴ţ
ĵţûˡСߵסķǰתһ
űסˡ½˯鷿ǰţһҪ
ţһҪšűһתžȻˡ 
һϲѾͷȻ˵ŲҪʵҪġҾҪ
ȥܰô 
ģֲָŨҵľƾζ˱Ƕϴ΢
¾֦ûпƣƾżһѿӣһ˹ȥ 
ǣӲĲˣϴÿһ
һ⻬ϸԲȣвɵһ֡٣СѾͷ˯˯Ҳ
ѹ˵ҡ 
Ҽ˱ף˫ֳ˹ȥڿԱһǣȻ
ͦǰȥͷסѨڣһ۵Ѩڣ
ͷ˽ȥ 
½ֻǷһૣŤŤȴûǺ˾ƵԵʣ
ѨƽʱЩͬ塢ֱ֬۵Ĺ֡ȻѨиɬ
ȱҺ󣬵һͷѻѨףһۻϡ 
ˬĳһ֮򷢳һ߽Ľ֮
·ҵĶУȴƽؾһ㣬˲ըѡ
̫ϤˣԲ½ģǡġ 
Һ˲ʯӲĹڴϣҷֿҵ
ϡҵһţһ㣬ȴԾɴŽң
䣬Ķ 
ͬʱĻѨһһģ˷ϴļ
ѹУذУű׶ظܵڵ
⼸ˬУ׿ŵĴŮСѨҪˬ֡ 
ҴڴڵĴŴֹҶһ£ҷһ
֮˹ 
֪˶ãѨƺӦĴڣ̴ٵĴϢʹ
೤ϸ 
۾𽥵Ӧ˷ĺڰҽ΢Ĺͷȥһ
ĽӲһԣɢҵĳסߡԣ
˾½ֻŮˣٳֵҹذ̣
ʣµֻһֿܡ 
ҵѽ~  
ҸоԼµĺëһļƤСȶӳ
ƵĴתҡҾȻԼ衣 
ʱ˿̣ҵһƬհףȫ֪Ǻãڹ˺þ
þãҪʹѨ 
ƽһ飬侲ķһ¡ֻҪڲ£Ѽ
ͳǽ¶֪֪Լ֪ûͺˡ 
뵽ˣοƣؽ롣ȻѨ
֬ȱ֭ͬһһͬ
ͬʱ͵һ﷢һ̴١ʹ 
ŵ඼ˣæͣѨһ䣬Ƭ
֮󣬾Ȼһ˿𤻬ҺĲᣬôһͨڣϢ
Ƴ 
Ƭ̺ٴؽˣҺ󻬣֮
˲٣һһĺ󳷣ÿһ֣Ѩ;Ƶ䶯һ
Ŵ̼֮࣬ˬë׶ֱͷСĴѨа˳
ų˿ 
ڿµ˻ȥס˱۰׵Ҿô
ķǺñȻϢ뿪䣬ҼͽѨ
£ͿԵȫûзһ~  
ǣҼȽŵͬʱҲǰδеĸ߶ȣӲĺ
ҪըһһһģҪӳơ 
ɹڴϣʱ͵͵ĳ֪
ԼǲܵģԽǰװ۵
׻ͷѨȴҵһδʧ 
֮£ҽİ׻ѨУⲢҵı⣬
ȴʵʵڵķġҲҵġһλ᣿ 
֪ЩΪʲôΪ˸ԼҺɣİ
Ľ²ѨĺˣǣǴģף
Ǽ治ġ 
ǣ͵͵ؿİ׻ѨºҲûзѽң
Ĳᣬ˯úܳոսͲȥҲûѹѽ
˵ˣҴűأֻͽȥҲûֱӽ
ѨѽҲûHѨⲻס 
ɺܻȴƴҴߣƴ˵ԼΪ
̲סˣҸоԼӹֱ̣Ҫըˡ 
һ¡ֻŽȥһ¡ֻŽȥһ¡ֻŽȥһ£ϳ
ղѾȥˣٽȥһ£Ҳνˡ 
Ҿܵ˶ħĹƻһ㣬ܿƵָΡΡĽ
ڿ㹴һԣοǰƣȥͷѨŮͯĹۣ
Ѩڰݣͷһȥ͸еһСһ㣬˱˽
ȥ 
ˬĻͷƤһ顣ϵĿС͵ĽŴ̼
ײУҵĽ֯һ˷ܼʹһ²סزš 
ͣЪƬ֮һͷ֬Ѩ⣬¶
֮ϣӦþӹˡʮǰҾǴ
ģʮ»ص 
ҽѨУӤ»صӹһϲһְ
͵ĴȴָűףʵʵڵĸѨ¯ڣԼ
ŵĽ¿С 
侲һ֮󣬼˯Ϣ೤ûļ󣬱κ
ͷ˵ѨڴҵǼȵĲᣬţһ£һ¾
á 
ͷٶȼѨ⣬һ˻ܹ֮ô
׵ĲȥΪѨɳڣʵΪ۵˼£һЩ
Һ󻬣һһ̽סֻг츾ϲᵽˬ
У½ͰŵֻëѾͷܱġ 
ֱ̫~  
͸΢⣬ڰ֮ϡɼ¶ļ׵ˣ
͸ۻ㷢ڵߵӣ˫Ŀգ糺죬Ըк촽΢΢ſ
ʱ³̴ٵأ۵İ׻ΪĲԵøӱѨ
ڰݣ𤻬ʪ壬Ŀѣ 
ֻûƣһ룬Ѿ
üˣ硭͸һ°ɡ͡һ¡ 
˽ͷһʹκ󳷣˶Ĺͷڰ
Ѩ촦Ӳ˲࣬˸ĽǶȣһʣ͡һٶ
֬Ѩ֮УͷѨڵŪŰ۹ʪ
쳣 
ͦٺɣƽ֮͸ɡ
˲伸أİ׻ͷѨѾҺ磬ÿγ嶼ᴫ֮
ҲΣֻСʶţˣÿײҲ
ܰ۵ķ 
ʵ̫ˬˣѾˣǡHһذɣһΣ
ҲûĻˡűף䲻ȥ㲻ס 
뵽ˣҸеһĪ˷ܣҴϵȣ
һĳ塣 
šŰ 
Ϊҵ΢ײһµĶ̴֮ǰ
Ϊ֣ҡĽ⿪۴½֦ǰ
λε鲨ҡҷʵЩϧ 
Ƭ֮Ҿڴˣ̴΢ţ̬ģɵ̰
⻬Բ۵ȣڼϣ˳أȻ룬
ĳʮ¡ 
ұ۾һHɣһ߸ſڼͷϸʱȻ
ͷŤ˸򣬷˿ɢҵĸϣ߬סͷü
һʹĳ 
˵ĻˣϽֹͣHɣ˫§ȣ
ΡΡעϵı仯 
š 
Ťһӣ˵һϹˮ 
ҾһɵĶҴֻڴ
ͣŤţ³֮󣬺Ȼ˵һϹ
ϹҪ 
貢ûѣھ֮УҲ֪εʲôǽ
ϰ֡ 
šܡϹܡ 
ҼĿգüͷ壬ϺķޣһԸС΢΢ſ
ʱᴭʱҧ´һܡҪҪģʵԡ 
ض裬ͦ֫һγ鶯轫ϸ
߸̧˫Ŀգҧź촽һĳ 
ҼӴ˲٣ȴӼǰ
ſϣʼһһʶ 
šš 
ÿһ£趼ᷢһͬHŪһ֮
Ȼſ˫ȣڰգѨͦҡβֹ 
šѽϹϹš 
轿ֱֹӣְ
۵Ĵڲ࣬ͬʱڰ׻ͷѨڳ岻ֹ 
ƽʱϵ赸٤ϰߣӷǳȱ
Ȼϵֱһ 
Ҳ̲סˣȣʼٳͷѨ
Hķ֭Ľ 
šźߡءźߡ 
תǧأǳ˫ĿգֻСֵҵؿ
ϣ 
ħƵģѾںδݵͦÿÿ׻Ѩ
ͷײӹ⣬Ҫĵһ㡣 
ҪҪˡšϹϹҪᡭϹ
šŰšѽ 
ԽԽĳͦŪüͷ壬
ҧ´û˰ȡ֮һ̴ٵĴϢ˿ҵɢ
ڽ޶˵ϣԸĵ̬Ұް
һ˰ȣͦżڰ׻ͷѨһ壬ײ
ġžž֮ 
ء~  
һ֮ĳͻȻƺŽͲ
ǻھγ鴤֭ӿɢɽ 
ҲͲסһͱűףͷضŻ⣬Һ
ӿ 
                              δ

   2.1 
ҴڴڵĴϢţȻѾҺȴɽӲ
󣬿־彥Ϯ·һ㣬ȣһƬհס 
ȻűףղֱĳHɣȵ࣬
ҲһоûеģҪⷿһˣ
ⰸѹò飬ֱӾ͸ˡ 
ôأ~  
ɿ˰ڲֻ֣һ޳ȣز£
һ𣬽ҵĿǣŲڴϣ˷·һ㣬ɢ
ķ˿Žĵգüͷšһֽ߬ͷԵ촽΢ţ
 
ڰ֮Уϡɼ۵м䣬ѨֻſһС
СԲĿһָôխСѨղűҴӲӲ
ûиоġ 
ҪĻҡ 
ôأ~  
ҹ˫м䣬סͷɰӲ߸𣬼
СϣȻѾһΣûеõȫй֮У
ȸղŸǿˡ 
ֽקžһ죬ľҺЩ˦һ
˶Ĺͷɺ͵ģմЩŨ׵ľҺʶ˲
ϰ£ŸӦԼļ籩ꡣ 
ϣԣϣҲûȥֻҪϾˡ
Ҳû֤ݣۣʲô¶ءǰɣ 
ԣ͸ϡ 
Ҳ֪ⷨӳɲɣѾûа취Ψһİ취ˡ 
ĺƽ߬ͷѾɿ޳Ըе
ǰչɫ˿Сڿµ˻ȥȫڵסİ׻ͷ
Ѩ·ʲôҲûһ 
֮У𣬷ǴˣǽȥһҲǽ
ȥҲǽɴ࡭ɴһΰɡ 
УԲУһλ˵ǲ֪飬ҪٲȥǾ֪
治ˡ 
ǣʴǵĸоʵ̫ˬˣϻϣָ
½СħŮŵ޷ҵġĻԺ϶ǲˡ 
һΣһξаɣһξУֻҪһΣԺҲ
κεķǷ֮ˡ 
Ĳٷˡһλ˵֮ʧٲȥ
ˡ 
ǡѾˣȥһΣͽȥ߰ʮΣʲôϵأ
˽㲻迳ԺҲûĻˡ 
˵ԼѾµıף˼Ӳϣ
˫ȹǰŲָɲȴᳵ·˺ɫСڿ㣬
ǰ㣬ͷٶڰ׻ͷѨϣ۵꣬ﲻס
˵ţһΣһΡһҧһʣ 
ӳһ飬޳ǾƵĲ˲﷢һ
ӡһ 
İ׻ѨУ̲סһ۾
Ѩڰż͵Ľ¿УȻɸһӣѨʪ
ɱ棬ĸо˲䴫ÿһ䡣 
Ƭ֮ҿʼʶͬʱ˫гһ죬ͷ
ȻûпƣһƬɿԿǱϣ׻
һƬֹۣһëѨխݣŮһ㡣 
ֻӲ׳ڰ۵͹ǰһأѨ
˲Һ󻬣ÿһ£ͷƵСѨͻڰݣͷγ
Щۺ⣬⻭˵ˡ 
ԸеĽײǰʶ촽ſʹ֮
У˲ɵͣʤЩƵŮ˽УҪ
ϰٱǧκεĴҩӵĴ߶ 
ѾǵڶHŪѨˣؽſ־֮΢ȴ
ǿˣͣȻһƬӲڽխǻ
ͦ۵ڽţͷÿʵײһֻ
ƺϣǰξСһ㣬Ĺ˱Źͷ
ӹġ 
ҹ˫֮䣬ͦHŪѨڴڵĴ
ŴķԽԽĿѾռҵӣ
쳣ҵĴǶôΣգ״У
ֻҪİ׻ͷѨ 
šŰ 
﷢󽿴ɢҵķ˿ڽĵǰƮţ
Ľ˫Ŀüͷ΢ʣ˫ٴ߬ס˴˵ʹ໹
޳ȴԲķʶ
塣 
һҾϲ֣ǰ㣬˫ֳؿ࣬
գʶԽԽ졣 
űְ鷿Щͣԥ˺ð죬¶ģ
һڿˮʱֹͣHŪС쵽ı˺ð
죬ڽ⿪ؿڹҿۡ 
Եʣû˹ͷ۱ҰŪժ
֣˶鷿ҵǰ 
΢ȥؼֱƽڴϣ
磬׹ˣȴԵûԲϣӣ˰
ͷѾֻӲҴСɫ֮Ů԰ҲɫӨ
ۿɰ 
˫֣ΡΡĵط鷿ϣֻô壬ϸ
֬һָ죬һ־Ȼ޷ץʵֻſڸͣ
Һ˫鷿һСʱ軳̵
һ߲ͣĸԼ̫ˣ̫֣ôȥҪ
ˡ 
Ƭ֮ɿ˫֣ϸͦӯ
İ׻ѨУʶ˫ʢ˰齬̴
ӣײζ 
ͣˣ˵ɡѨ
ڳԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ󣬾˶·γһˡ 
ššءӡ 
Ϣ֮Խ޳ϸȾȻؼ
סҵƨɣͷѨ֭ˮ磬Ѩ⾷Ρ 
šҪᡭӡܡ 
˫ֿʼҵץŴ촽΢ţ𣬰ۻļ
һϸܵıϢ֮һƬش 
Ҳڽʵ̫ˬűףж
Ѿ࣬һ֮Ծһ
⣬һ߷ĳ履ͷѨһ͹֮һ䣬
ԸеĽƵĳ鴤Ҳһͺ𣬸űףȽ 
촽΢ţٵĴŴ۵ļһƬ죬ΪҺ
ʪճȴĶǺɶɵζ 
侫֮󣬼ȥ־ٴϮ泱
裬ҷ·Ѿܵĵʱϲסð麹ֽŷ
˸о 
Ƭ֮󣬶߶µժ˼ϵıףȻ´С
ӡ 
ȻӣûȥʵƵģڽխСѨ
Һ˰ĭѰҹ֮ҵʪ
ֽǿɫ˿ڿ㣬زͷѨָ
ģģ۵ĸƵġ 
˰׻Ѩŵðְ贩ϣǴʱ޹ǣô
Ҳȥɴӵһԣ͵Լģˣʲ
ô֪ˡ 
 
ʲô֪Ҳȷ뿪ʱȶӶµĶ
תˡ 
½ǰſڷϾ˺ð죬û
춯½˯ˣŻصɳԣһͷȥ 
ɳϷȥôҲ˯ţﲻͣŭӣ
ӿ־壬ͷƤһһķ飬ֽűһֱ麹ָо
ǰйСʱ͵͵˰ְֵǮȥʱ˵ĲУؼҵ·
µòСʱϾС㱻ˣҲһٵ¶
ɾͲͬˣҪ֪ˣֱӾ͸ҿˡ 
ȻµҪͬʱֲϵػζŽȥڵĸо
׶ѾˬĿҪˣҪõӲȥʲôоأ 
ʲôоء 
һǿ־壬һǲСʱǵû˯ţ
˵ԽԽˣٴӲİġ 
һ°ɣһ°ɡ 
·ħڶߵૣԥãܲջ鷿ȥ
ɸҪƿţ־ʵ̫ˣ˯ŵıϾԼ
裬ͷһпԭڶԽϾűףҪ
һΣ̫˵ȥˡһٶİ 
ſǻãתɻɳϣ˫ֱأҪϽ˯ߣ
ɷȥ˯ţȺģԽԽӲˡ 
ͷŽȥһ԰ɣѾȥˡȻűףȥ
ǲȥˣѳΪʵˣǲݸıġ 
Ͳһ£Ͳһ°ɣ˽Ҳûлˡ 
ҹʹٴ鷿ǰűԥ˺þã²
ġתߣ־ŷһᣬʵڿϧͳźˡ 
ôţתصǰԥ˺þúþãڹ
š 
鷿ǺһƬ΢¹ֻܽϵ迴
ŵСȥ̽˹⻬ԲĽѾ 
ҵֱǺҺƬ֮˳޳
һ·ϣԸ˵Ѩһڿˮж䷢ģ
Ͳȥһ£ͽȥһ²׵ĸоϾͰγ 
ѵ˯㣬ϴÿСķֿ˫ȣȻ
·ɫ˿ڿ㣬ٴμ˰۵ͷѨ 
ΪѾ˼СʱˣѨҺѸɺԣȱ֭Һ󻬣϶Ūʹ
ġһţһħƵģͷ쵽˫֮䣬ͷ
ڰµѨڴһ¡ 
ֻһ£оͷˡ 
ȵıϢڹ౥İ׻ϣ쳤ͷСһһ
һµͷѨŤ߽ 
ҵĲиŬ£͹ˮ壬𤻬о
ˣַżӲĴָѹסͷڷ
յѨ촦ǰһƣͷ˲û֬Ѩ֮С 
û˱׵ĸоʵ̫ˬˡ۵ѨڣС
Ƶģ˶Ĺͷס˱šͣƬ̣һ࿪
۵ͷѨֱһƵףխĻǻ͵ı쳣 
ˣûб׵Ҳˡ 
ӾƵĲһ£﷢һƺߣѨ
ܵҲ֪Ƿ񷽲ű˸оѨھȻ𤻬ĳһ
֭Һİһ㡣 
ͷʵʵڵĶ˷ޱȵĻϣ˱
صİţˬĸоֱκԶ޷
ģҵĻҪˡ 
šš 
Ťӣ﷢ߺ 
ƽһ¿Ҫ࣬ס˵Ѩڴ
ţһβҲǲ壬νҲǽȻͺˡ 
գ֫һʣͷٴζѨ׻ģȻͦѨڣ
Ľء 
Ļʵ̫ˣۣÿζȥ
֣Źͷһ䶯˱ˬҹͷӶҪˡ 
ššš 
ҵĶԽԽ죬轿ҲԽԽѨҺҲԽӯ
ǰٴ˰׵ҫ۵ˡ 
ˣˣоֱ̫ˬˡ 
޳Ƚſ̲סȣ˼ϣ
ѹƨ׮һһһµ͸ɡ 
ššš𡭡š 
˯еܲ϶ģǴӺƳƵģ
ѩӯСűڼϣųһһµĻζţֺƺ
ڼš 
ѾЩͷԷȣˣͦ϶£δεףֱ
ģѸĹĵİ׻ͷѨġ󡻵졣 
ҪԺţԺHǸöˬѽ~ ٻ
ʮ꣬Ҳˡ 
ƵԵʣÿεףͷصײĻϣʱĻ
ҪͣŤƨɣͷŻģһÿÿʱ趼ᷢһ
ϸĽ쳤ѩ׵ĲСǲܵӣʹ
ҡ 
ǻڵ⣬ҵĳ壬нļѹֻС
֣Ūһ㣬֮Уȫ 
ĿҪ֮ʱյ˫ۺȻһϸ죬Ϣ˵
ϹϹͣ𶯡𶯡 
Ҳ֪ȷΣһ£ŵǶҪˣ
ڰ׻ѨڣһҲҶˡ 
üͷĿң촽Ϣ 
˭СС 
군ˣˣ 
ŵʹһ飬ȴ͵˸ǣﺰţ
Ȼſϣʶ 
šͣŰ𡭡𡭡 
豻HĽ˵һ仰ԸеĽͣزţ
ȻסҵļѨذƵ䶯
š 
š¡̼һ֮ͦ󣬹ͷڻϣ̵ľ
Һӿ 
 
ſϣߴ֮Ҳ̧ۿҲȷ
Ƿ˹ҾȻѾҺ¶ôҲ
ȥˡ 
 
ְΣСĽ˳˫΢
ﲻסĴϢţҲ֪Ƿѡ 
Ҵ㶵ĿãȻ˸˫ڣĴ
˴صĴϢ֮ 
ҵˡһ£ʲôˡҾǵ˱
ģҲ˲ӣ´ĵߵҵش
·ҲƵĳ˼š 
λҰһ˵ĽֵĿĵεš
֮ǺεȵŭҲ֪衣뵽ҳߣ
뵽ɱ־ţӱչ鲻ǰ취ԵʼҪԵġ 
콥ˣҸоԼĩԽԽˡҲһ½ңҲ
ԼĻؼңֻ˼ɣƵģϷ̼񾭣ʱѹ
п־塣 
쵽ʱֻˣԥ˰죬߶µһ
ʾ½Ե˿˽ 
ιĶȥˣľˣҲѧ 
ǱȽϻģԵķһ㣬̾˿˵
¶ڡڡ 
Ķأ 
ˡ 
šҲˣǰοء 
ŶҰɡͿģûʶԼ˵ʲô 
ôˣоֵֹģ½Щɻ 
ûûСˣҡأ 
ţựôˣ 
أ衭ôˣ 
ûôߵʱûء½ȻٺһЦ
ϣǲһ 
Բɵһʵʲôʲôһ 
װˣ϶͵͵鷿ȥˡŵ裬
ǲһ 
ȻͲµˣ̲סȵʵǹģ 
ȻôõĻᣬôܲúõˣһأҪҺȶˣ
ʵҿ϶ֻһӣ
Ц 
㡭ˣ治֪ӦøлӦúҪ½
æⱲӶ˯裬е̫ˡ 
½Цһ󣺡˵ˣϽѧϾҪĩˡ 
죬졣ʶصͷӦš 
Ҷϵ绰֮ҼϷӱʵȥ¡һֱ
浽ϣû˯ҲûԷֻҪһͣҾͺµܲˡ 
ô죬½˺üε绰ҷӦȥ
ˣʵܲˣɴصֻ 
ϰսһһҹԲȲ˯
˸Ҷһ棬˸ȡҶǶھͳԲȥˣ
۾ˣһ۾ͻ䣬µҪôҲ˯š 
Ҳ֪֮󣬷ԼһЩʲôӦ
ҲѹͲȥ롣 
ϣſڵǰϢʱ򣬺ͻȻһ£һ
ͷһȻذ̣վҵŭĵ
ҡ 
Ҳ֪ηӦգ۾ 
ذһȣΧˣȫ
쳤˲߿ 
Ҳ֪ذôҵģ߶µվͷҿ
ذԱ߸ŵϰ壺˼ˣ 
ˡϰͷش 
Ǹѧܷѧذʡ 
֤ѾꡣҲû涨ǰɡϰ庬Ļ
 
ߡذбһۣȥԥһ£ϡ 
ϳ֮ذŤͷʵֳʲô۶أ 
ҲȷذǷ֪Һ飬Ҫ˵ճ
ѾŲˣֻɵĿ 
㣬첻ȥѧ棬ʲôأ㻹벻μ
߿ˣذ̿ҳģĹϵܣ͸һ
Ӳ 
ҡ 
ǲǸ賳ˣ 
ûûаĵͷ 
ûʲôûУҲ죬ҺòײŰһ 
裬 
ذ̳̾һڣһӣ湻鷳ġ 
ҹذ̻֪࣬Եһ̽ŵ
ʵǡڣôˣ 
迴ŲôˣŸذһ߷һʵ
㵽ôˣŵ죬ѧˡ 
ҿɲҸʵʵ˵Ƕ趯֣ذ̵ıƢֱӾ͸
ˡ 
صذ̼ң򿪴ŽݣҸں߶µĲҽȥ
תûĺ˾䣺 
ԥ˰죬׳ӣ˽ȥֻڿɳϣ
ӣַŶͷʹڵ˰Ʋʱı飬һҲ
ûκηӦ 
ûгԺϢãѾ˥ˣп־嶸
Ȼ˶㣬ֻֽűͷĿѣЩˤڵأҺ½ۼ
죬һѡ۵ʵô£ôˣ 
ذ̽Կӵ輸ϣ˵ŸʲôϽϸ
 
Сҷ˲֪ٴˣô󶼱ҵĻ
ƭȥˣص̫ˣͲǵǸϸܽġ 
ô˵һǰŲͷ˵裬Բ
 
ͷַûκηӦ 
ذ̼״æԲߣ˵Сϴˣ¶
ܹȥһ˵һ߸ʹɫ 
ϥһͨһ˵裬ҡⲻǹ
ģҴˡԭһΰɡ 
軹ûзӦ 
ذֻ˻ӣȰˣ¶Ӷ
ˡѵ䣬ϽԵ㶫˯ȥɣ㿴ʲôˡҪ
߿أŪ˾鷳ˡ 
һȻ󳤳̾˳ɳվ
˵˾䣺ҽȻ㳯ȥ 
ҵѾˣҪûɹ½Ͻַ
ʵ㵽ôˣô𡣡 
Ƴһۣ죬ȴʲôҲû˵Ųҡ 
ڴϣɫ䣬˵˾䣺ϡ 
ֽϣȻվſڴĿ 
ĳǡ 
ԥ˺ð죬߶µߵǰͷϢԽԽ
أؿھҪ˵ʲôͻȻ̧һƣݺݵҵ
ϡ 
ҧһҲҿԡǰĴ򣬵ȴδô
ղһƣܸоʹȫҪ
Ұ 
ĺһ䶯һ²ȥһ˫
ѪѪģңǿųһ㡣 
ʲôɳƣ˵㲡 
ҡҵứͷ˵ 
ž~  
һơ 
˵㷸ʲôˣ 
ҡҡû˵ 
ž~  
һơ 
ʮ꺬࣬ôú
Щǻڿš 
ʱ˿ֵ̣İûڣΣĲöô
ôңȴƵ˻ˣġĺ
Լˡ 
ҹǰؿţ̧ʹȫһ
һµԼĶ⡣ 
衭ء衭ҴˣҴˡšĴˡҿץ
ס֡ 
裡ûĶӣҵ˦ 
ҹǰŲҪٴץס֣ȴ˿
ĺޣ裬Ҵˣ֪ˣˣҰɡ
Ұɣ 
·˲䱻Ƶģһ̱˴ϣѹֲסĵʹ࣬
 
ǺεȼǿεŮˣСίѹҲ
δκǰ¶һ档ʱ޵ô֪
Ǻεȵľ 
Ҽֱˣ̫Բˣ 
裬ҴˡĴˡ 
һ߳ԼĶ⣬һߴؿţĺ޲ôԼ 
ذ̺¾ˣûû˵ˡ
ϽŴ򿪡 
ʹ޲ѣҸоһȣתͷײͷ
ûֹңҾʧȥʹУһһµײţ·ϴ
һ㡣 
ûôԶҲûϢã弫ײ˼֮
һѣΣһ˵ϡ 
                         δ
2.2

ʱѾҽԺˡʿң˯ҹ

ͷذ̣ҵЩʧ䡣ҳüߵһ
ôҰ

ǲǣرԥһ£ʵ衭ôû

ͽҽԺ֮Ͳ֪ȥĶˡذ̳̾һ
ô鷳ңϱǷǼҵġ

ȻԹȴСİѷʢҵǰǶ
ˣ˵ллͿʼ̻ʵĳ

ذվһңҳԵòˣ̲סʵ㵽ô
ˣԴͷײ趼ԭ㡣

һ£˵ҡ͵Ǯˡ

¶ذƺţɵĿңСʱҲ͵
ǮҲûôѽ

˸飬ذ̱ϾǾ죬ԱȽϸߣ˵ԽԽ
ɣɴںߵǿôˣ͵Ǯ޿
ҩ˰ɡ

ذ룬ͷЦͦûϢģ޿ɾҩǿ˵㡣

ҿЦ˵Уа仰ҾͷˣһǸɽ̻ĺ
ӡ

ذЦ㣿úӵı߶մϣСࡣ

һ㶣ʲʲô˼

ûʲô˼㰲Űɡ

ʱ½Ҵҵܽ˲ˣĵĸʲô
ƵġôңвЩΣĽҵ˶Դ
Ϊ룬ÿμȴϴϴϴ

½ڴ߸˵˻ذȥ¥ӵ绰Ŀյ
ʵ衭ôѽ

һۣдɻвЩ裺ûʲô£
ǡѸղŶذ˵ٶ˵һ飬һ룬СѾͷô
ʣ϶ɣЩԵδš

һ£Ķ˵Ƕ㰡

ң½һ㶣ʵʲô¶

Һߵһӵ鷿˸è̫ӡһΪ
ŵأȥ¥ģΪˣåأû͹

½죬ȵİ

£о˵ǲ̫ɴּһգɲǰ
͵˼ǮءҰǶôһָ
ôһ趼ˡ

½Ʋ룬ͷǰңҲܾ
赱Ͳˡ

Ҳ֪ҵĹڹװͿءѾͷɵģ
ȽϺƭذ̸ղŵĻЩ˼϶½
ľϾǸɾģ˵вµʲô

ЩĻţתһ룬Ͼֻǲ²⣬Ĳ˻ɣҲû
ȷʵ֤ݣ¶ϵ϶˵ġ

绰ذ̻ص˲ʹ½ؼȥˡ

ڲϣҵ޷ƽûҽԺңأ
Ըǲԭҵģ֪εûһ
أ

Ϊûʲô󲡣ڶ磬ϰҽԺһؼҡһ·ϣϰֲ
ѯľҵȻܸӸ˶ñӣԸ
ƭذ̺½ɣӹһЩƭϰ֡

صоģȻûڼңŮ˵Ĵڣ
ҵĸһ

ڿתһȦֻĸоǰְ軹
ΪףգôھȻֵıԵˡ

ϰɳϳ̣һĳݡ

֣𣿡

ûС

֪ȥĶ𣿡

ô֪

ûȥѽ

ϰּˣ̵ڵİ̻ҸҵȻˣҲ裬
ʲô취

Ӷԡ

Ƭ֮ϰ̾˿Ϣһ£úѧϰúѧϰ
¶ͱˡ

һص˼ѧϰڴϣ㶵Ŀ컨壬ĺ
֪辿ȥˡܹԭңҷĴӽԺ
ѧϰˡ

Ժ֮䣬˯˹ȥ

ڼϢһһصѧУϾҪĩˣΧͬѧ
ƴͷֻһ˻ججȹûеõԭ£
Ҹûκ˼ѧϰ߿߿ƨɣ

գɲӰϰҲӼʧˣӦæ
Ѱ衣򱻸֪ʱѧУǰͲҪˡֻ
ʣһˣĹ졣

ѧ쵽ʱƼŵվСſڣǳɫУ
˶Ьŵβǰܹɵӡ

ûкûͽСҲ⣬
Ųҵ󡣵վڼǰͳԿ׼ʱŤͷһۣ
վҵԣҲ˵գ޹Ĵ۾ҡ

ҲܣҲû죬תԿ״򿪼ŵͬʱŤͷ
ȥȵ˵֣ˡ

ŵһܵĻͷһ¡ץסһ˲䣬ɿ˼
ţ须һŹϡ

ſڣ͸èȥϵǣСħŮȲҲû
ţôСԴޱվ档

һ뷴ҲûԿףôڣž
ˡ

Ұڲ輸ϣһͷԵɳϣ򿪵ӣĿĵĻƵ
ȴʼͦĶСħŮȻһ̬һ㷴Ӧû
У﷢š

ʮӣΪŵѾˣȻ˳
˵ұܵĸоЩԾŵߵԣ͸è⿴
ֻŵڶǽߣ˫ֱϥǣصĳţոĶ
裬վԣڵСɩӱһĶҲųˡ

Űŵļ򣬹еʵѽôѽ
˵˵

СɩӣﱧźӣҡţЦ˵ǲССӣ
ǲ۸ˣ

ŵ̧ͷᣬϴۣĸСèƵģһһ
ĳ˵С˵˵ϲң׷ң˯
ְֵ֪˽ŮͬĸãͲҪ
ˡ

һСɩӸһһ㶵ģ
˵ˡ

ҽҽţҡŵһ˵ţһ
䣬¶첲ϵࡣ

ҹ˲ö룬æŴ򿪣һѽקƽţȻתЦ
ŽͣһãҼס죬ҲϷء
Ǻ˵˵ģŰ

Żɻʵã

εЦǣұáСͱ̸߻ˣϲ˵
˵Ϲ֣棬氡

䣬ŵż¶СԴίͰ͵˵ʵ
ͬĸĸ磬Ҳںģϲ

ҽȥ˵ְ꣬СԴ
˽ȥŤСɩӽͣ¶Ҳܣ
ϲ˵˵棬͵ЦˡЦתؼҹţҲ˲
˵ʲôӦˡ

ŵȦ죬Ǽ죬ίͰ͵Ŀҡҽק˿ѹ
ʵ㵽ʲôѽ

ŵգ۾һ޹ĻشңҾʵʵ˵ѽ

ҵ¶ʵʵ˵

һʵΪʲôܰ

Ҽͷһ취ҲûУֻεйã
ԸôžôŰɣԸžʹţֻҪϹ˵ˡ

̱ɳϣװŵӣȴڰ۲ŵڷ
Ƕ˰ңҪȥæֹ
ȥķ䡣

СħŮתЦʵķΪʲôܽѽ

һ㶣ѽķΪʲôѽ

ǲܽ衭

費ң費ǰɣŵЦʵ

֪ͺáԸͽķ

ôѽ˵ôˣֻĸϻƵġ

ĸϡ˵һ룬ȻѾˣ
ĻӲĸ˻ȥ

ŵߵ⣬תЦʵأ˭ķ䣿ҿ
Խȥ𣿡

˭֪ġüͷ˵㡣

ŵסűƬ̣ȴûд򿪣Ц߿ˡ

ʵ̲סˣʵ㵽ʲôѽݣ

ŵȻͣŹǽϵȫҺӰûҵ⣬֪
Щʲô

źӰǰϰʱյȫҸʱǼһǧǧ
ͥһƽȴҸ

ŵվǽϵƬϱƽȴЩӡ
һԼˡȻű꣬뻹
ļңѾûˡ

ҲɵЩˣһУֻΪͥҪ
ܰɡ

Ҹɿһ˵ҪԺʵʵģˣ
ҡ

ŵһЦϧ˵˲㡣϶ͬġ

һǰҶûȡԭأƾʲô
ء

ôţȴӲô֪費ͬѽܹҰֵ
ŮֻҪԹԵģңȻ˵Щûһ㲻ͽˡ

ŵûңƬ˺þãȻŤͷ˵ˣþûΪ
ˣҪǸ𣿡

Ȼ֪˵ĸֺЦڸ˵¶ô
ֹյȥˡû飬һûС

Ҫֱ˵ػش

𣿡ŵһ߳һЦʵĲҪ𣿺
ϡ

ںܷû֡

Ҳš

ŵƲƲ죬ǰֽҵĿ³̱ɳ
ϣ̧֣һƨɣĶ

ſſļ¶˳ŵ̧ͷһЦȻϸ󻬵
סԲĴָŹͷƤŪ

ҪǰѪӿˣʱǼûû
ޱСֹżͣŪ

һëëһûа㷴Ӧŵɻ̧
ͷãȻؿңô°

˵ˣû顣Ļش

ļٵģ

ŵԾɲţֽͷֱˣſС죬˱ȥ

ͽʪСȷʵܵһķӦ
ѹʵ̫ˣ޷

ŵ̧ۿңСֹ۵ͷŹͷŪ˰죬
ſſģֻε˳ڹͷһ£ӣ
ߺߵ˵ô£һӶ

ЩЦʶôʱˣĹ龫֣ǵһ
ٵӣое档

ҲԹˣظʵ˰ɡҽսڿ
һ¿ӡ

ŵɶҵǰӵһתЦʵòǵò
˰ɣ

ⶺ㲻оǲУʲôѽ

ŵĹĵվ첽ߣٳǰͷߵһ
⣬һģ

СħŮˣҲЩڣﻹ˵˵ɢһ
һߣֻʣһˣֿѹֵ飬ֻˡ

շѧؼңСħŮûһţȴ˳г˵
һϲˡ

˲ûЬû£Ҵҵܵ˳ſڣſ죬һ
ֻûڣΪڳĲ裬
֡

һʧ䣬ȴֲɵһΪһû
׼

ϰͷһۣ˵Сˣһ£ϾͿˡ

ҡŶһҪȥȻתʵ֣ҵ
𣿡

ҵˡ

ģҵһϲæʣﰡ

費˵˵һ˾һϰһ߳һ˵
ٶģ˵㲻θ͸Ūˡ

⻰ұһᣬરôԲ
£軹Ϊҵ彡룬ĺܲˡ

뵽̲סսȭͷʹǽ£·ʹܹ
Сϰֻͷʵʲôأģô
ˣ

Ĩһᣬһ±ӣʵ˵ҡˡ

ͻˡϽϴȥɣĺˣޱӣ
ˡ

ҡŶһȥϴ˰Ȼصǰʼ
ϰʢж˲ˣֱӰ˲輸ϣȻҳԷ

ӶɳϣϰֲͣвˣߴҶԵ㡣ҳ
һ˿Ȼĺóԣȵ̾û뵽ϰ֣㳴˻
ͦóԵģѷɫ

ϰֺߵһѽ֪ĳǸ˭ѧ𣿡

üͷһ壬Ǹѧİɣ

ϰЦǺѧģսǻʲôѽ
ͻԡǻﶼġ

ֳһཷ˿ζȷʵɿڡ

ϰֿŵЦʵ֪ô׷𣿡

붼û룺ʡϴѧǡ⵽˸ڣ磬ͽˮ
¥̨ȵˡҶ˰˰ٱˡ

ϰһЦ㿴ֻ֪һ֪˰ɡ

ҹƣϣ飿

ϰɤӣΣ˵ҸҺôʶİ
һİڷﳴأšҷ²ӣȥһ
ţ˭

붼û룬ֱ˵衣

衣ѽεġöһ͸ȥˡ
˵ɲɣӹһ졣棬ͦεģҵʱҲ
֪ôģ˾䣬ҪԵ㣿û뵽軹ͽˡ

˵ϰ̲סЦЦúܿģִЩʱ
ɬ·ֻصǸƻ衣

Ȼأ̲סʵ

ȻͿʼʱʱҼ䷹ˣͬ磬һȥ
ʹ϶ˡϰֵĶϲ£ˡ

û뵽ʱôһٿ˵ľѽһΪ
ϰƤ׷ƨɺ治ţô׷ءҸе
Щ⡣

ȷʵУҡ׷˿ɲ٣Ƥѧѧܶȥ
ˡҸ˵ʵóԣѹûϷ˵ϰͻȻ
˵ˣǵǼӵЩƬƬе
ѧʱ׷׷׵Ǹ

˵ˣǲ⡣

ɻʵôǰû˵ѽòİɣ

ϹࣿϹʲôѽŶˣҸᡣ

Ŷ~ һȻԭİǡôóԣô
ĳˣ

ϰЩ˼ˣٺһЦ¡һѽ

֪䣬ˣθҲöˣϰֱ߳Աģ֪
ȻһСʱĺܾúܾûϰô̸ˡ

ۿ˿ҪףͻȻһԥ˺þãʵ֣
м¶

ϰ̾˿֧̣˵ǰŵ°ɣ

ҵͷСʵŵôѽѽ

ãϰֳ̾˿˵ҡĲǹԲġ
Ҹŵͬ£ʱϾҪˣλҲ֪
ôˣȶˣȻ͡͡ʲôˣ㶮ºҾ
رĶԲ裬͸̹ˡ

̹ˣ㰡⵹Щ⡣

赱ʱջϱ϶Ұ£סһ
ʱ䣬㲻ǵˣϰһ䣬Լ𣺡Ŷ϶ǵˣ
ʱһࡣ

أ

ͺͺ¡

ʱףѹ찲ŵŵʱѹϰֵĽͣ
һҲûлɹŵʵԣԭ֪ϰֳѽ

ѽ

ʣ궼ˣΪʲôѺӸѽ

˭֪ѽŵȥͽˣûþͻ˺ˣʱ
˭Ҳ֪ҡá˵ϰֳ̾һҸһ
˵Щѽ

ƶЦʷΪ£ʡŽٷͬĴ󡣡˵Ҿͺ
ˣҲԼú裬Ҫϰ֪ˣ
Ҷġ

ϰ̣֮ĳĶ˵ӣүǷ
̫ˡ

æͷ

һҪ֪û

֪֪

һҪúѧϰһóɼ㶮

ҶҶƴصͷҧ˵һʧġ

ϰοҵļ΢Ц˵ˣϽѧϰȥɡ
ʰ

֪ΪΣģٴ˳ҧ˵һúѧ
ϰұ֤ԺҲˡ

ϰҵͷ˵ˣܿޱˣϽѧϰ
ȥɡܷ˶ĴˣϸǸ¶͹ȥˡ
ĶֵļǺ޶һӡ

ԽԽģҧ촽˵ͷ˸оԲ֮⣬Ҷ
ϰ֮ͬ飬ǿŲϰ˵Բ𣬰֣
Ҵˡ

ϰЦǺǵ˵ˣ˾У˾СϽѧϰȥɡ

ص䣬ǰƽ֮󣬷鱾аģ
һҪһóɼʧˡ

ĩʼûˣҿʼƴĸϰҪǰЩӶĹΣ
ȫϡ

ҴնĩԻ졣

ѧӢʼǣһ߱һߡ·ʱȻ
һŮӰЩϤϸһƣȻǰŵ

ʲô

Ȼû˼Ļؼ·Ҫ·ĻҪ
ߺóʱˣûʱġ

ԥһ£ͷ·Ҫʱ
̲ס̧͵͵ֻСħŮΧĴűԵϣͷﲻ
֪ڰʲô

ǴĬĴ󾭹ģ߽ʱĺ
εĳ򡷣ֻСŰһ𣬵ģĺģʮ
Ŀɰ

ÿһΣǻµмǿÿһΣҲ⡣

֪һֱ˫εĳ򣬴ҷɣɹ

ȥ룬ӵ̫ҿÿϦҲб仯

֪һֱ˫εĳ򣬴ҷɣϣ



ɤ峺͸ɬ֮дһ˿ɣУˣȴָһ
η壬ͷǰ

û뵽Ǹ龫ֵСħŮ边ȻôҲͣ
˽Ųվ󣬾š

һ룬ŵͻȻվֱվڻ⣬Ȼͷ
ʲôȴǰ֮ơΪҪӣ˲ö룬æǰһ߬
סĸ첲ʹ

ŵǱһתͷŷ֣۽һƬ
࣬ҲһӣȻǸոձ˴

㡭ô£

ԭǸѽŵ¶õЦݣûʲôԼˤġ

ôˤģǴġʵǲǸͷ
ģ

ڹ𣿡¶СħһЦݣǲˣ

ҡڹá

ллĹģû¡

ʲô

ѽŵµ˵ֽ̧һöۺõǧֽ׵ݵҵ
ǰЦ˵͸㡣

ԥһ£һֻקĸ첲һֻֽӹǧֽף˵
ȹ

㱧ҹȥŵתңſֱۣڳ󱧵ơ

ε̾˿Ǳб˹

㵽ô£ʵ

ûѽ

Ϊʲôؼңʲô

ĸңŵЦҡ

һʱ֪λشƬ̣ʵԷ𣿡

ûС

㡭ʲô

𣿡

ϻ

ǡŵתתЦ˵ǾͳԵ¿ʿɡ

ҲɵпЦôڣȻǸСӡ

߰ɣ⸽һҡ

ŵҵԣЦ˵ҽӣܰѽһ
˵һ˸Ȧߣơ

ҶˣЦ˵ܱܲЦˣã
á

þͲ𣿡ɴ˸ʳָȥ
״

Ҽֱˣ˫ְ

˵¿ʿСѾͷҲǲһһѣȻڽ˸
û˵λʼ̻ʵĳ

ĳе̫Ůˣټϴ˵ӣǴ˷
ӳһʵע⡣

ҲǺܶģں̲סʵ㻹û˵أ˭
İǸͷ𣿡

ŵһ߾׽һ߷Ƶ˵ǣ̺Ҵ󲮡

Ϊʲô㣿

ŵȥĨĨ죬˵˵躦Ұ֡

ţһ㶣ʲô˼

ҰָһȥɽҰִɽϹˤˡ
ŵƽ˵ţ˲Ͼ䣺šǸְ֡

밲ο־Ųףֻܼ׷ʣأ

̺ʹ󲮾˵Ұȥģ˵ɱ֡
û֤ݣҲ˵⡣

ٺأ

ٺ̾ͰҴӼ˳ȥһң
ҽš

Ϊʲô

ү޸Ұִ֣Ҫޣˡ˵
ȥԣҲܻȥҡ

˵Щʱ򣬰ŵȻ΢Ц֪ΪʲôԽǱֵ
ںҾԽ

ĬƬ̣ŵ˵ȥϺͬѧòװ
ֱٰͰͻˡȻ
ҴСͲĴ־躦Ұ֣Ծ;ҡ

ôһ˵ҲףΪʲôǰһţʮ
Ժܴ򿪡ԭΪֻû˸ĸȱͥذû뵽СС
ͣȻô顣

ӵ¿ʿ֮Ͱŵؼңһ·Ҳû˵ɵЩ
쳣͵С⣬ӻָҵʵ̲ס˾䣺㡭Ϊ
ʲôϹǸѽ

ŵ˫ֱСԴЦ˵ϲѽ

Ǳˣ˵ʵ֪׸磬ΪʲôҪϴ
ܸܲҸɣ

ŵЦ˵ҿҵź󣬾Ϳʼĵع
һˡȥһ챱Сſ˽ţ㱳¥㻹ǵ𣿡

һһ£ô£˵ͷʵѽôˣ

ŵСҵĶԣЦҲ米ҡ

ôһŵϵŮ㣬ʶ㣬
ε˵ֱϲˣǱѽܱ
ȻҲܱѽ

ŵСһƲһʼȷʵҪҵĸ磬ҷ֡
ϲˣöԸϲŮϲ

Ҳ֪˵ĵ滹Ǽ٣Ц˵Цˣв

ҪǾڿЦҲνѽŵǰ˼Ȼת
ʵиԼ㻹ǵ𣿡

ʲôԼ

Ҫ˯ҪӦһ¡

͵ôһ¶̫֮ˣ
ͱԺˡʱ𣬲ɵþĿ㡭Ҫ
Ҹʲô

ʮϣҿòã

һ㶣Щţ¶

¶

һͷ˵ðɡһҪڼҹģ
˷Ҿͳ㣬òã

áϵ㡣ŵ˵ͷֿС죬һЦߵ
ǰż⣬һ£ȻһһĳС
ٽǰͷһӻ֣˵˾䣺˰ϵϡ

滶ӣӹһ˿¶˵ʲôо
϶ֹô򵥡



ؼҵ·ϣҪŵҵӰ죬һҪԣȡúóɼ
Żԭ£Ŀǰ֮ء

ʱϰͻˣҴкЬ䷢ЬϷ
һŷ⣬һһƬƬһһŮ粢ںӱɢ
⻹һЩƬڲԷ

ƬϵǸƨܣŮˣ衣


                . 
    ƬһһŷЩƬıȻûһ˿
ǳ·ҲģȻЩƬ֮ǰĵġ 
    ʱϰִӳˣվش˵ʲôأ
ϴֳԷˡ 
    ҳϰֻ˻Ƭʵˣ 
    ϰƽ˵ˡ 
    ЩģЩɻ󣬻Ьϰֵʵ 
    ϰֺǺһЦʲôġ 
    ǰϴΡ 
    ϰֻͷƬ˹˵ЩƬҿˣ
迴ˡ 
    ⵽ʲô¶ôоŹŹֵֹģҼֱϰָһͷˮ
ˡ 
    Ͻϴȥɣ˷úѧϰûʲô¶ 
    ҽˣһѧʲôϰѽ 
    һ·Ž˳ϰֱҲʵûа취ˣ˵
ġ 
    ģʲô˼ѽ 
    ϰֽ͵ϴ˼ƬҸ͵㻳ˣ϶˹
ƻҸĵĹϵ˽һ£һʼǶǳ
ɵģܰҸ趼ǱȽϤģѧʱǸ
ӣ˽Լ輸ΣûҲûپˡ 
    ô˵ƬĲǸܰ 
    ϰ˵˼ǣȻģѧʱҲ׷裬
Ҳȱˣֲ飬αظôСϷô
ɢأ 
    ǾˣǲѾ֪˭ˣ 
    µһˣûȷе֤ݡǸͷ˾
ܡ 
    ѽҸǸʲôܼ棬ʱע
Ǹʲôƨˣûע 
    ϰּͣǰ͸˵Ͷ˼ˣ
ǰˣǶġԴ֪ͳͬѧ֮
İǢһʼҲûе¶Ƭ
֮󣬾е㻳ˡٰŹʱ򣬾͹ܳȥ
һȦ˶ٷԭΪƬˣûˡ٣˭֪
һ¶Ƭˡ˵ǲǱŻء 
    ϰôһͣеˣ־ﲻԾ˼Ƭ̣
˵ҾţôҪǸʲôܣҲϰ
ԿŶ衣 
    ţϰȻûҵ˼ 
    ˵ǰ˵ˣųȥɢԷƬһ
֤ 
    ϰֳ˼ãҼ򣬸һ϶뿪֮ҵ
ͻȻðһ뷨Ƭ᲻Ϊ˸ϰֳԶ裬
ĵأ 
    һ룬ĵģΪʲôϼĹαҪȵ
ڹϼĹءȥǸʲôƨɡ 
    ô˵ǾԲġ 
     
    ѧĩˣҲ֪ΪʲôԴ쿴ЩƬҵ
鷴ӵķˣټʱͷ׶̹ɵƴɼ׷
˲١ǰʱʵ̫иֻǸոպü˰༶ǰʮ 
    ҲƽʱĳɼҪ֤ҵںŬԶ
ϲµΣЩʧ 
    ԴϴԼ㰲ŵҹ֮Ҳûҹˡ˰ɣʱ
ǷҷңҷЩˡ 
    գۼ䵽ס磬ͷͻȻһ
žϲĺ裬 
    ӡˡһ£־ϲ˲ö룬±ʾܳ˷䡣ֻ
վڿ˫ֽ§סûʲô飻ϰŴС
Ǹոճ 
    һûмˣҵﵱȻǿĵĲ˵ģҲ
§ס衣ֲңֻվſڣԶԶĿǡ 
    赥§űͷģŤͷңϱ轵
ϰЦ˵վˣϽϢϢɣôʱûؼˡȻ
˵ŸʲôϽæ 
    ҴӦһͷ˹ȥСĺһ衯û
ƶһۣεİϰʰ 
    ϰ³һӷʢͣΪӷ硣ϣ
ƵģԲҲ˵϶ûʲô顣 
    ЩΣϰȾӣЦ˵˵¶
ҲҲһʱ䣬ڱҸˡһ
һЩĿİģףҪۣͬʲôѣ
һ𿸹ȥòã 
    á˷ܵؾʢ֭ıӣһ㷴
ӦҲûУΨΨŵŵģֲҾ٣һô飬ԵЩ
ˡ 
    ϰָϽԲЦ˵㿴Ӹӷأ㡭á 
    Ƭ̣ص̾±Ϣǰıӡϰʾң
ҲϽ 
    ɱ 
    ۡһĸһһߺŹ֭һĵش
Ե裬ϻûб飬еˡ 
    ϰֺͱвˣ߲ܣȴҲûбֳл⣬ԥ
˺ð죬˿鶹ɣСļе迴û
ֱӾ͸˳ȥϡ 
    ԭЩķΧһӾ͸סˡҵͷ˵
Щֿ裬˺棬ֲʡ 
    ÿʱϰ־͸óԲˣɤӣٺһЦ
ѽԼĶӣ˶㻹ܲѽȻ˵㣬
Ǹ 
    ҸϽ˳ϰָĸһűӣһеףľ
ǰСȴܳϿҹ˵裬Ҵˣ֪
ˡԭһΰɡ 
    ҲҡһԾôĶӣϰʵ
̲סˣ˵˾䣺ٳϿһ㡣 
    Ҹæ뿪λ˫оűӣǰſǻ˵
裬Ĳǹģ֪ˣԭ¶һΰɡ 
    軹ôһս˱㡣Ҳס
ţϣܹԭңȴһۡҵۿ
˸תֹסĿʼʡ 
    ʵû취ˣϰ̾˿ҴӵϷţ
ôǵˣôƢ¶㶼ܹȥô
ȥˡ 
    ץıӣصһ£֭ĽϰŵøϽ죬
εĴƬ̣Ȼ˵ˣϽ㱨һ
ĿԳɼ 
    ǿסᣬ˵ҡ˵ʮ 
    һֱûҵ裬Ȼʵ꼶ʮ 
    ࡭༶ʮҼ迪ڣĶ˵ˡ 
    ʲôģ
崺磬ƻݺö 
    Ȼû˵⽩ǴˣϰֻصԼλϣЦ˵
һ£Ҫһ£괺ڣһһȥȼ١ 
    ˷ܵ˫ֳӣϲΣģ
֣㲻ƭǰɣ 
    ϰЦ˵ġǼҲ˳ĵ¶ʵ̫ˣ
Ҳóȥɢɢˡ 
    ù˵̫ˣϰҰȻҲ֪Ǽҵ׶
ʲô˳ĵ¶Ҿȷʵóȥɢɢˡ 
    ͵͵شһ裬Ƕûκα顣ɲ
ô˵迪˵ˣҲ򿪾ˡ 
    ȫ׼ǰǵСϰϢһ̾
ʼ˷ܣһֱǰֻСƵģڼȥ 
    Ҳǣֻ﷢ʲô֪һ
õʱϻʲô飬һ൱ʡ 
    Żĳ̲ס˳ͷңʵЦʲ
ô 
    ûЦ 
    Цˡ 
    ûЦҹ 
    Ťͷϰָ״֣Цҡ 
    ѽϽʰҪϷɻˡϰһʰһߴߴ١ 
    ת״裬Цҡ 
    ѹûɳ· 
    ûЩйС˾䣺ôоչֵֹġ 
    һ˼Ҵҵĸ˷ɻһ·ҶǰģҲ
˲ֻбһ˵ĲС 
    ӡϵһȺңʤأͬɻϾм
ڳšɻʱС꣬ϰȥ⳵һ
ǰԤõľƵꡣ 
    ۳Ͷ٣ڿͷϢһ죬ڶһԼΡΪ
ӽļ֣֮ڼﻹҪų䣬ֱӸĴ
ɳ̲ˡ 
    ϰһգڸʻλϣźСɫ
ȹͷϲñϵŵɫ˿ϼһĸ󡾵
ȣͣŷ磬ǰȥˣ
ĸӵĹϵʵЩΡ 
    ԥ˺ð죬ҹӱһǰλ
̽ӣ˷硣һ£Ťͷһۣ
Ὣҵִһԡ 
    ˣ˻м俪ʼȷ磬迿ڳϣ
̹ȻķȻ˻ȥϰЩʵ˵
ôûȷѽĿҰ 
    ɵǺǵһЦϽתϰ˷硣 
    ϰŤͷһۣ˵㣬ò׳һˣôѽ
ܲЦһѽ 
    ûɴཫתһԡϰֻε̾˿ 
    ·ߵһС͹ԷΪڵοͺܶ࣬ϰ徹Ȼ˵
ͨĽ£սһС·˵·Ȼ
֪οͺ١ 
    һ·϶û˵ʼտڳ;ķ羰紵
 
     
    ͻȻ䣬ָ߽һŤͷȥȻһƬɫĺ
ˮΧڡ죬Ծ衢΢ܿɹǣô
ĵطȻûʲôο͡ 
    ϰֽͣһȥ档ЬҪˮۏϰ
æֹˮȿ㣬ŽѾˮ£ĵЦ
ˮǳģֻϥһ˵һ߳ˮҵע
ϣû֡ 
    ϰּûʲôΣգֻһͨգȻź
ɢıӰЩȻֱ֮һˮ 
    Цʵʲôأ 
    ںߣ߿¡ 
    ɵĿңԣֵֹġо㲻񾭲ˣô
֢Ƶġһһʵ㵽ôˣ
ô 
    Ҳûɶ¶Ҿ͵˼ǮԼ˵㶫վڰߣ
ĵ˵Ϲ 
    ôˣ͵ǮءߵҵԣЦʵ͵˼
ǮôûЩѽ 
    ˵ͻȻҵʲôѽ
ôһޡ 
    ޵ʸ㲻Ǻܡ˵󣬺ȻЦһ
ȥ 
    ұôֲһ˵ˮȫʪ͸ˣҺ
ûֻ 
    ͵Ϯվһߺһ߳˹ȥ 
    һУתܡ׷ȥһѽᱧ𣬺ٺټ
ЦСãҿ㻹Ķܡ 
    ˰ϸ۵Сڰصţѽ
 
    ұߣȻ֪ʲôеӣȱ
ӣֻҵֻһһͳֻҵĿڴ 
    һףСŮڰлһߣһˮ
ˮټҺͱӾúܿ 
    £ˮվõСһˮһ
ߺҵš 
    ء 
    ʼˮһ֮󣬺Ȼѽһϱ齥
ֽڰղˣ˾Ǳ˲ʯһ 
    ƣæʵô 
    ߡߡСɷףˡ 
    ĶأϽѽҼæ 
    ҿˡ 
    𶯣жǧ𶯣ָһѣһˮ
ȥ 
    硫Һ¡㡫ҧǴＷ
һ 
    òߵԣʵĶأĶأ 
    ҿȥģѽڿȥˡҧ´ɷ׵
СϸһĨΡ 
    ⡭ԥˡ 
    㰡˫֣һһģĿҪ޳ˡ 
    𼱱𼱣סȻ߬סȿͬڿһ
һӣͷ￴һֻۣ׻һƬ⣬Ȼ̧ͷ
𣿡 
    ڣѽҺ£ 
    ֣ƽ̹СĻڿֻŮƤ
йл֮ġ۵ġһ£ָС
İһϣҧ´糺죬Ｗš
һ 
    ʱͻȻŭǸʲôأ 
    Һͱͬʱһܵĳȥߡ 
    ʱҵͻȻŮ֮һ쬵Ķ
Ǵ˶ģ̲ס˸ȴǷǳ־ģΪ
Ҳߣһ֪ߵûж 
    һҧץ͵ק˳Ȼ˳ȥͨһ
Զһˮ 
    ˲ϴС˺Ȼһ˵Ļô
ſǻɤ˵衫ˣ 
    §űĴţοһ˫ĵۣ
ȴݺݵصҡ 
    ϰ˹ѯŷʲô飬תͶϰֵĻί
Ŀš˰µĺһվԡ
§űͣȥĵһ䣺ҪҾ
㡣 
    ҲӦͷص˳ϡ 
    ôСҲû۹ˣص˾Ƶꡣϰס
һ䣬Һͱֱסһ䡣Ϊ˰˷ѵʱһһص䣬
ҾͿʼƴϰΡ 
    ֪Ūһһ˱һߵҵҵע
ȫڿαϣҪһ֪ˡ 
    װڷܡߵһ 
    ͷ飬˵ϾҪ߿ˣĺæû㡣 
    ˱һڱ˵㲻 
    Ϊʲô 
    Ǻ٣һ˳ȼ٣ôùѧϰԵҺġ 
    ҵͷЦЦ㲻ƽʱؼҾɳһɣøһ 
    䣬һŤͷȥͼűҵ
Ҳͷ˵㲻డ 
    ҪѱŽôһ˵ԥˣ˱һıŵ
ҵߣ˵ͦģ˰ɡ 
    ˳ֽ˹ŽȻͷ顣 
    񾭲дˣɡ˵š 
    û㣬ȥɡ½ˡ 
    ϰ˵Ҫ˯ˣȱһˣɡ 
    ò׳ȼ٣Ƶķ羰ôãڷ涷
湻ĵġ 
    ò׳ȼ٣ڷѧϰءˣ
ҡαѽһ 
    ұεܲˣŤε̾Ϣûѧϰ
ءҪôģɴϰȥɡ 
    üͷһί˵㲻Ҹ磬Ҹѧϰġ
㵽˭ 
    ǻһ˵ţһ߽ӡôһ
ʶĶͻȻߵ飬ʱҵ־ô
СڿģϸֻŮƤĹĵĳ𣬸ɸɾû
һë 
    ʱŮӦóëˣôѵһ
ҲǸëİ׻ 
    ȻҲ뵽飬˫ΣҶƬ̣һ仰Ҳû˵
ҲƵת뿪˷䡣 
    㶵ϣĽַ˱ǰŮ֮
󣬵ܿӾľ棬æ˦˦ͷⲻ
תϰΡ 
    վũʮˣΪοͺܶ࣬ڸض˺ֱ
ũڡ 
    һں̲ɢܻѣұž롣
һȫҺӰ費գҪؾƵ꣬ϰֺͱӲ˻
 
    ˸οͰæǴ絹ͦεģһվĺܲЭ
ָ˵վм䣬ְְŮ谤С磬
ǰһЩռ 
    ϰְվλм䣬ƵԡҲû
תһԣơ 
    Ĵϰֵֻֿ˵С̫Զˣ΢
ý㡣 
    費Ϊϰæ˵ţ㰡ôԶʲô
㶼վͷȥˡ軹ûж˵Сק
 
    ҳһ£Ҫȥǣ֣תݺݵصң
һڳ˶ǣæĴ綼о
Χ 
    ԥһ£һҧס֣קʹ˦
Ҫѣ˵ʲôҲ֣ӲĽߡ 
    ûмѣֻϲһ˿Цݣ纮
ϸ֣ЩЩţһĺЦ쳣Ӳ
ϰֺͱ˰ţУϣӣӣЦĸĿġ 
    ˼࣬罫ֻϰֱˡɽ֣
쳣ؽţ첲ˡ 
    бؿһۣһ˦ԹԵĳǰȥһ仰û˵ 
    ıӰüɻ󣬵ʵ㵽ô
ˣôĵġ 
    ҡҲ֪˵סһӻ֣һͷ
߿ˡƲƲ죬ߵһ 
    ҹƵŵƽʣһƬɫҪǺ棬Ϊص
ء 
    ˲ٳιĹڼͥǰõλϣ
ֶžƱ˵ʮһˡȥһѽ
ܲסҪл裬Ϊάң˺ܶ࣬Ҫ
࣬ϻҪٳּȴȫңһ 
    ְֶžƱ蹪ƣޱƱһ£
Ȼѩ׵Ĳһ 
    ϰִһã㡣ȻҲоһڸɵţ
˱ƣ˵СҪμӸ߿ˣ࣬ҪͣŬȡ
Ĵѧ 
    æϰϰּұŵǹ֭ҡͷ˵꣬
Ҳˣšһ㡣ơ 
    ͵͵һۣϽҡͷ˵ˣǺȹ֭ɣȾƲá 
    ϰֶԱ˵˼ѧУһҲزΣƽ
ʱߣҲҪѧԼչԼˡ 
    æ˵ֲ֪Ҹ磬ԼչԼġ 
    Ҫؾ䣬˪Ľӣֲ̫ˡ 
    ϰܽȻһĿİܵ˵ԲġԤ
ףһˣµһ³ɣһˮؼһ֡
 
    ˶ӾΨԥãվ
ֻƱһ 
    ҹɳ̲Ϸ̻ 
    վϰߣͷҹȥվں治Զ㶵
ıӰζӳ¡ 
    ̻Ⱦ£ıӰԵЩЩǸݺְ
ļǿŮˣؽͷϰֵļϡҵһʹһûڣ
вͣİԼ쵰ô㣬㾹Ȼ˺裬ǻ쵰
硣 
    ңȵʵ㡭ôȦˣ 
    һ±ӣ̻̫Ưˣжˡ 
    üͷ뿴񾭲Ŀңһ 
    ʱֻϢһƣǰŵģô
ȻһССħŮԼ 
    ұһڹ⣬ܹȥˣ´ֻ̼ܼ򵥵
˵˾䣬£ȥˡ 
    ãŵ˾䣬ҵ㡣㲻Ҳߡ 
    ҸæصҲǹˬԼ£ˡϽ
ȥ 
    ãҲδõظҶ㿪صƵ꣬ǰ̨绰
˰Ҳӣ򼸴ΣѾͷȻֱӹػˡ 
    еˣҲ֪ôˣȻϵЩ̺ۣ
һʱ벻ʲôɵɡ 
    н֣޲ùϻȥǲʵġ˵
˵ȥԼĴӦ˼ҵ¶ָˡ 
    ļ죬Ǽڵ棬ұż˲ϵظŵţҲ
֪ûյʼûиһš 
    ҲżȫдҵϣʱʱĻ
ңȴδѯʡЩʧ䣬ʱܹһ䣬
ңҹƶἤġ 
    ԭڳ巵ģǵõϢ˵̨Ϯǰһ
С 
    Ҳ֪ϰǲǳԻ˶ӣȥ˼β޾ɵģ
еˡڵȷɻʱͻȻϵĽָûˣ绰ؾƵ꣬
ǰ̨Ҳ˵ûм輱ˣ˵ҪȥңϰּѵĴλվ˵
ȥҰɡ 
    һѽ˻ȥ˵㶼ˣվվˡ˵Ť
죬һ£תͷԱ˵չ˺֣Ͼͻ 
    ǰߣϰֶ˵ȥһˡҳƬ̣ͷӦ
Ȼת׷˳ȥ 
    һ⳵λҾ͸ż˽ȥһ
üʵʲô 
    һЦϰֲģȥ 
    ò㣬ȥɡܲͷһԲΪ
бһۣʾ˾ 
    ǻصƵʱָѾ͵ǰ̨лȻת
ߣһ仰û˵·ǸƵġε̾˿ͷ
ȥ 
    ˵ɣٴλصʱۼһȺˣڷ
źʾ 
    ѯ˾磬֪ؾչʱ绰
˵ǷɻҪˣôû˵˾Ͼ͵Ȼ
³æϡ 
    ʾȺֱĹסȥ·˵ŵ
صԡͼӢǽǼͬѼ輱ˣҪ
ӲﴳһظŮһѡ 
    贩Ǹ߸Ьĵ˼һӰѽŸˡ 
    ŮģΧæǰſ˫ۣţ
ӣԣϣС 
    һ֮ҷ輷Ⱥ˳ 
    üҧ·һһ˵ģ˦첲Ҫ
ƿȴʼռʯɿֻЭˣҷͣ
 
    ʱϰִ˵绰ѯʣôûѾʼǻˡ 
    轫ƿû˵ûаչأǽȥ 
    ô죿 
    ˵ô֪ 
    Ҫȡ˰ɡ 
    һ£˵ˣʹˣ漸춼ûɻˡӲ
ãʲôͱߣҺ͡Сһȥ
ֻгɣͷشߴٵˣϽǻȥɡ 
    ɻϰֺͱˣҺһ뵽Ҫ
İĹϼ죬ּֽš 
    һۣɵüͷʵЦʲô 
    ҸϽװһ޹ӣãȻʵûаʲôʱ
Цˡ 
    Ƭ̣Ϣϣ˽ס 
                              δ

2.4 
˽ţϢһ䲻Ķ˵ 
ŶŶԴӻ֮û˵Щ
Ӧ 
ظһ飬ɱ䣬Щͷ 
æӦһȥ⳵ϳʱƵһߡ
ȵ˾Ƶ³һȳһյߣÿһ亹ֱҧ
úʹӣԥһ£ӲͷƤȥҺֻ
ԵĿһ£㲻پܾˡ 
Ϊչµÿ̨缴ϮƵķ䱻ˣո
˵䣬Ҳֻʣһ䡣ͬǰ̨ãõĴʼ
ֻһ䣬ٲ䷿Ҳûˡϵ˼ҾƵ꣬ͬʵ
û취ֻεס 
˷֮첲һ˦⽫Ҷ̱ϣ
̫Ѩƣֹʲôù¶ˡ 
ⲻǺС˵˾䡣 
̧ۿңϽͣӾﶼôݵ飬
϶ֻʣһ䡭 
˵ЩƤ飬һĸӹϵϵı
һ仯ûУģշˡæϣԹ
ڴ 
İСʱĸôţ˭Ҳûٿ
ǽϹӷĵδ⣬һ춯ҲûˣЩˡ 
ϣһĶңҴҳһڣӶ
һˡʮ꣬׻ʲôоˡ 
չȽţоеҪ򣬿Ҳ֪ôˣǲȥ
ʵڱﲻסˣΡΡĽ־һЦ衭С
㡣 
ûңҲûѵңȻԴķ˸ۡҾǵõ
ʥּƵģɿĴڽ˲ 
ܺ赥ദ˵Իһ½ŵĹϵ¿ɺ
ˣˡǰϰֺͱڣܵһգھʣҸ
ˣסһʣ۵Сˡ 
һֱ麹ƨϾ͸˴һܡڼ
֮жȹ˰СʱͻȻڻǴ죬ȥͿˣ
ʲôҪء˽ţ϶ǳȥˣֻҳȥ
ˡ 
վʱҲվͬʱסˣ
ңҿƬ̣ͬʱ 
ֹʮӣʵ̲סˣ̽Ŷ˵裬ܳȥ
𣿡 
ŤͷޱĿҡ̽Ե̧һƨɣ˾䣺
ǡҡҳȥ˰ 
ֱĿңû˵ܲѹֵˣһҧ
Ѿܳ˷䡣 
뿪Ƶ֮󣬴ڴڵĺŻźζʿһе
ᵽɵĸо 
ͦģʾİչ飬Һģⳡڹ
ɲҺվڽ֣ĶͳһĿںţûһ
ǰһӳ֣űǹȺ˲ 
˶ʼܣұ¶ҲûʲôϵҲղͷ
ɡ֣Ⱥӵγɿֻ֮ƣҲе
ˣȺһ󳷣ŻŵĻص˾Ƶꡣ 
վڿͷ˺ðţŰҴ򿪡ȥ֮ĨһѶͷ
ϵĺŴ˵ˣɲܳȥˣҼˡ 
üԥƬ̣ʵôˣ 
Ҳ֪ͦҵġ˵֮Һ뵽˳Ĭ֮
У໥ 
ռٴ֮ʱҺȻѧϰתע
ҺԼţûбϰǴعҸϽͳα
ǰͷ 
ҿʼѧϰڴֻʱվڴǰ
ôһֱĵϣһ佻ҲûС 
ĸһԵģ˯϶ǲһ˯ˡ 
Ѿʮһˣ迿ڴͷͷȣϵ·
ģһĮĿҡóѾЩˣ϶ĸ
˯һ˵Ҳס 
˵԰ĵ˯ҾԲʲôֵˣ
ֲ֪οڡҸоЩڸߵǰһƿϣ
͹һڡ裬ͷʵȵʲô 
迴ңûлӦֻĬˣӱóһޱơ
Ц˵ȵơưɣҼǵ˵ơ˯ 
ۼɫ䣬һ˫ϸĵ۽ɱ
ʶԼжûԼͣȻϽһƿţ̡ 
ӹţ֮󣬽תһԡ뻹Ӧøһ£
Ƭ֮󣬿˵裬ʵʵϣĲǡ 
졣 
˵˵һ룬ͱֹסˣε̾˿˸ͷ
ȻӰһ档 
ɲңţ֮󣬱ŴͷֱĶң
ݣȻϱۡϣŲҲ첻ֱȣƨɺ
ſգȻǺܲġܵģǳ䱸Ŀ⡣ 
˰СʱҾ̫ãվͷߵ
ǰͷ˵˾䣺ϱ֤Էġʵ
ģ԰ӵǰ档˵꣬䡣 
ԡ˯϶ǲģֹֻҲ첻ֱʱ
ᱳȳӻˡ 
һˣɴڴϣֻͷң
ɫҲ̫ãô·˯ģҸһ˯Ҳ̤ʵ 
ɿͷԹֿ֮ʼ㵽һѧϰȥˡԾû
˵ʱʱĻᷢһ΢͵͵۴
ڴߣʹŽףʹѾֺˡ 
һ£±ʣ˵Ҫȥҵҩˮɡ 
áĻһ 
ĽŶ׳ˡ 
þǲá費ͷ˵ɡ 
ȥͷ飬ҲĲҲкˣ
˷䣬ҵǰ̨ѰһЩƵ˵ص
ߣȻһԵļ顣 
趢Ƭ̣šӣͿ󣬵ʹǻ
 
ôֹһ죬ҰԼؽ䣬˯ԡ˵ڶ죬
ˣ΢һ۵졣 
ҲͣŲӣߺģ̲ס˾䣺㲱ô
ˣ 
ͻȻģϲ񣬵ǸЦŻ˾䣺û
ʲôе 
û˵ȴϲô˵Ҳ裬ҷ˶Ĵ
ùʱҪҵġ 
һһϤϤžͼӴ
һһ˵ĵߵҵ˫ַҵĲϣࡣ 
ģϸֻֻ˼£ʹϻˡȻˣҵ
ֵÿҪˣ̲סЦˡ 
ʮӣתص˴ϣмʼճĬûһ佻
ѾˣҪٶе㲻ʶôˡ 
ôһСεĲҵ鳩ˣһ춼̵ģԷʱ
򶼲ЦƺƳ˹Ź֣бۿңҸæԼ 
ϣұͷʱȻסң㡭
̰ɡ 
һʱûзӦͷ衣 
һۣޱĵ˵˯ϰɣȥԡ˯ˡȻ
϶һ 
Ŷҹɵĵ˵ͷȻڵ̺ã۾裬
ȥӲĵذȻȲĴ棬˯ԡҪûӰ
ˡ 
蹲һ䣬ֱټڵϷ
ȥӱһ˯žͷϲʱ𷭴һ
Ҳ˯šҲ֪ôˣͻȻСʱ˯ʱܻ
ſҵĶߣ߳³ 
ȻĲôҲҼΪ̵ͯ䡣 
~ 
ϵǲ˵ϵ衣ϵգѽգѽ
³ 
ڵϣغ߳š 
䲻˵˾䣺ˣҪ 
̲סЦܱѽ˵ҾͺˣϽϣ
װ˯ 
ٴγšãϴһ̾ϢԹΡ
һʹС˾䣺裬˯𣿡 
ûлػԹԵ˵ǵСʱǮˣ
ǲ͵ģҲϡ˵󲻿£ֻҪ¸ҵĳϴ
ͻԭҵġ 
û˵Ҽ˵֪ҷĴ̫ˣˡһ
ϣԭһΡ֪ô˵˽ǡ裬ҡ
Ⱳû˭УҲûѽ 
˵ҵȻ 
ʱһ̾Ϣ 
̫ˡ 
΢΢Ĳţ΢͵سϢῪʼ
ֹס 
裬ˣ˴ѧҾ͡ȥסԺ󡭡Ҳ
ˡ 
û˵̲סˣͷصĿ 
 
ҺĹϵûΪҹ̸ͣĸ֮ĽҲֻ
ڱҪܸоղǰôˣ벻Ϊ£
˵ˡ 
극ĬվҵಱҴ
ΪжΪչֻڹľģ˳Է˯ϲ֮⣬ȫʱ䶼Ŭ
ѧϰ 
ڹ̨磬ʾĶҲûˣһ£̨ͣ
ˣͿԷɻعˡ˵ﻰЩãΣ
ʲôô۵ֻۣҪܺһҵľѾ
ֿˡ 
գڷˣգҪȥߡٳǰ
ڴҩĽѾۣСɿɰǰǳϲ
ţÿμһĪĳ嶯ʱİ׾Ըе㣬
Ȼûһ㷴Ӧ轫Ҹϳȥһɫ˿࣬
ûһĳ嶯 
ҷ˾Ƶ꣬ƵźС·ɢȻһ·϶û
˵벻ųҵļˡ 
鿴ź̲һȦ֮˼
ȥ 
ڻģģ߲ʱҵĶ棬
˹ĳſ㣬Ƶģڵȡ谮Եʳ 
ǰЩӣĸ֮Ĺϵʵ䵭ЩҲû˵ڣ
鲻Żһ¡ 
衭Щ˵һ¡ 
̧۴ûп 
ҽŵһڿˮΣ˵ʵϡ 
˸ͷȻüͷһ壬ϡһҲûе£
ͷ˵ţ½ķȥġ 
ѽСſϡ 
಻ţĲ֪Ϊ˯ŵ½ء 
ұ죡ǳ⡣һæ̧ͷȥֻüͷ
ټһһգ۵Ĺԭѩ׵͵ͨ졣 
һæʵôˣ 
ۡ˵ʼˡ 
ǡǡǲѽǳԻѽҼͷ
ֱðȹϵһ 
ҧأＷʹ۵˵ˡ
üԴԼ侲˵оȻоȻ
һ£һ¡һ߰裬һͳֻ绰 
ҺҽԺڸһȻˣ泵һͬǰҽԺһ·
֣߬ԭͺֱ˲Ұɫһǵһμ
ôʹӣſߣͣİο 
òװҽԺ֪˼βףҪ϶Ȼ
ʲôҪĴ󲡣ۿ豻ƽңﻹǽŲѡ 
ԥҪҪͻϰ֣ȥԶڹڣ
һʱҲɲαǸżء 
ԼĪһСʱڽˡҽ֪һ˳ʱ
˿ 
Ž벡ֻŷɫ԰ף˫۽գڸո
Եʣƽɣֻϰбڲϡ 
ŵ˹ȥ˶Ȼ̧Ҹ
˫֣ס 
Ÿΰο裬跴˾䣺кŮ 
һ㶡 
һƣɵһţЦˣһΪ
һء 
һ͹ĵˣһѽҪ˵
ġ 
ҪسˣˣƤӣԾһաһۣҪ
֮гϧֻգŤһԡ 
ģģ᲻ɿ 
裬ҵʱǲر۰ 
ĬƬ̣˵˾䣺۵Ҫ 
Цʵϰ˵ڲһֱ˵
ʮ˴˸飬ҽʿǸֻˡ 
ţҵʱ룬˺Ͼ͸顣ĻдЩ
٩ζôˡ 
Ϊʲô˱ 
֪ 
ڴߵ˵Щ¶һֱû˵ 
Ťͷҡ 
ЦЦʵСʱرޱһֱСѧҵҶ 
Ϊʲô 
¡ҵͷʶŪϸָһֱ
رĳҡ 
ҳҲ㰡Ұ㶼赽ȥˡʹֳ˳
תһԣ̾˿ֹ˾䣺޷ˡ 
ҷԽԽˣղųԷʱʵϲӦ
ģǽͣǶβľ 
ʵõİ취ľǾ迪ģͽŵաǸ
ˣʮֵļǿʱϴˢǿģһĲ
ظ𣬾ǲͣĽҿ˰̣ȫʵ䷴ЩӦ뵽ġ 
һؾƵ˷䣬·ҽԺ費˵
ҾĬһԣѧϰ費ˣҾһƣ
˳Ҵһ± 
סȻǵ˲ûи㻤Ա׼˯ĵطֻ
ӣϰſڴͷϣ㻻Ҳֻܿαϣˡ 
ҲͣĻƣӷ춯費ͷ̾˿Թ
ܲܰ㡣 
ҰҰҵһ£ӣ̵̨ϡԺ
֮У˯⣬Ӳ󿿣һӷ˹ȥ
һ졣 
ëҺòײ˯šĺһȻһ
üͷ˵ˡ 
ǹġεĴӵЦԲ𣬶Բ
˯˯ 
˯ʲôѽ̾˿һ˵ʵڲؾƵɡ 
ĶɰҽԺӵôܻǸ
ǼƵ꣬סںءⲻȥܡ 
ľګе˵Ҹܡ 
ҷӣ˻ȥԥһ£˵ҪҪҸ
Цɣ 
бؿһۣȻһмתһߡ 
ɤӣһĽиĻʿ뼼У
۵໽Сʿ͸˸⣬Ҹ˯Ĳ֣
ȥûѣ˵򵽼ˡǻʿȥ˸˯Ĳˣһ
룬ƫˣǲûѡͼƫˣһʮ룬
ǲͻȻһ㵱˰ʿŵĶӡڶ죬
Ժѻʿйȥˣ֣˵̫ˣʮֲ˶
ˣ 
˵֮ҿֱЦûһЦ⣬Ըɿ
Ρ 
еʱˣ̫ЦˡɣٸһʣУ
ʲôֺǺǵʵ裬֪𣿡 
һۣûлش 
裬һ£֪֪ 
֪費ͷĵһۡ 
ǡȥĶˣ 
һЦ֮󣬼ɫĿңЦ𽥽ӲȻ
˵ⲻ붺һЦ 
һЦȻõѿǰɣ 
ȷʵ̫ʣεͷǡȷʵͦΣյġ
ҺҵЦ̫ЦûЦ 
費ңֻšһʵ
˵𣿡 
˵ʲô 
˵β 
ûС 
ҸϵҰɡ 
ҵܲζЩɥŤ˵һ㶼뿴
˰ 
˵ѧ磬Ҫסһءֹ
Ͻع˿ѧ 
ôһ˵ҵЩתˡȻҵġ 
̲סЦһ£˸ţʵЦʲô 
ûЦ룬ҪúŬȡôѧ 
衺šһûм˵ҺȻһǸ׽
Ļ⣬˹ȥʵ裬Ҹÿѧѽ 
ңʣʲô㣿 
ʡĲƾѧͦģũҲСʵڲУʦ
ҲС 
תңôϢܲе׷󰡡 
׷ʲôð廪ϱһ뿼ء
ңɫƣæĿڣȻˣ׷ҲҪеġ 
ÿʲôרҵû 
ǰ۹ѧţҰ˵רҵûʲôã
Ҳ֪ѧʲôרҵˡ 
̾˿ѧʲôѧʲôɡ 
İ 
ˡ 
~лл裡ץס˰֣һڡ 
һ漴˦ֱۣǳ~ 
ԼЩ֣Ͻɿ֣ˣΨΨŵŵ˵
˾䣺Բҡһʱ 
ǰô֣ǵľٶҲйûԽôһ˵
 
ٴ뵹˳֮УʱѾˣȴһ˯ҲûС 
ιȻ˵Ҹ㽲Цɡ 
һʱûзӦ 
СʱҸ־ܣһҾˤ־˵Ұܼҡ
ʱǼһԣˤ־͸Ժٳˣˤ
ˣҸʵĶһٳˡһ룬Ҳǣͬˡ
ңҵһƤʵĶÿһܣǶԺ
ҾҲûˤˡ 
ЦͷƵʵʲôô򰡣 
ѽ˵꣬һ˳ 
ŷӦٺЦҲаɣΪǼҵļͥг
ףҲֵˡ 
죬ЦͣЦЦţȻָĵ
ĨĨһڱӣתһԡ 
ҵ˵ܣΪԼһʱĻ䣬뵽޵׵
Ԩ֮У˺ۣһӶ޷ֲˡ 
뼰˴Сʱ辭ҵĸ裬̲ס 
֪ҹǻᳪ裬ҵҹһһ͡ 
֪ᳪ裬ͯĲǸһһ͡ 
סȴûߣŷһжԡ 
ഺʣռǣ˿Ҫɰ׷ֻ׸裬صس 
ϵǲ˵ϵ裬ϵ۾գѽգİ³
 
Ĳ԰ĸģҹҹĻ³
 
 
ͷ˫ۣĳšԽԽѹۿ
ת 
ڳ߳ʱʿŽѹӢ
档æվͣҵĿﲻرãټ϶ԷӢȽϹ֣
˱Ȼ˰죬˼ͬѼ˭ҲԷ˼ 
ǱӣȻˣʿһ
ʿߺҲɵĴָ޵ӢӢ˵ӢﻹҪ
 
賰ЦӢ̫ˣ뿼󣬿廪
ȥ㡣 
~һչȥЦҸϰӢ
ɡ 
Ƴһۣ˵ڻ˵ԶһЩ 
ŶЩɥ˻ȥﲻͣԹʿղô
գˡ 
̾˿˸ӣң˵˾䣺ˣϽ˯ɡ 
 
Ȼûͬ⣬ڶȴʼҸϰӢˡҵĿȻã
ӢɼʵҲȥæϰǸӽɣװ
̫ӣҽ⡣ 
˵ʵĺϲſߣζָо
˳ҲﲻͣľԼҵ裬Ѿ˺һ
ˣԲеڶˣ붼ˡ 
һ׾ӣװЩˣɼϡãѽ
ûϡȻҰ˰֣û˵ڲ뿴㣬
Ͻǰʧɡ 
Ҹæο裬ǡֻʧѣƽʱɼ
ûôġ 
ˣˣұĵۡѽϽȥɡ 
ίεĿʵʲôʱܻѽ 
ٻ 
ھͳȥ 
˵㡣 
Ŷ 
ҿͰ͵뿪˲ҽԺȻǱϳģ
ϸ룬̬Щ֣ǹҪҸϳƵġ 
Īڲһһҹҳɷɣ 
Ȼֻҵһ²⣬췢飬ҺĹϵ
ԵĻͣԡ£ﻹ̵ġ 
Ź·һȦ˵㶫ҽԺ·ϣһһ꣬
룬ȥһܰ 
ҽ벡ʱ⽫ʻҺ۾
ɫЩ̫áһõ˵Ŀѽ 
һʱ֮侹Ȼ֪ôشˣ֧֧˵аɡ 
ѵĵķһӣ㵹ȥĿ
ġ 
ҳȥѽ 
ȥͲ˰˵ӻģڼˣ 
ҿһʱ䣬ص롣 
Ƴһۣˡ 
Ц˹ȥĿܰ˳ԭһϲ
û뵽ֻһۣͰͷתһȥˡ 
ʧüӸͻҲһ¡ 
ͷ죬һѿ΢ЦȻ䵭˵˾䣺
῵ܰˡ 
У´õ塣˵ڣһõ˼оЩף
Ͻһ䣺߹ʺܴ˰ɡ 
ߵһϲʲô֪ 
һ룬ǡ 
ϲʲôѽ 
Ȼ費ͷڷһ䡣 
УܿЦˣָòҽܰ嵽ϵĻƿ
յǰٺһЦ´޻ 
бңԶһ㣬ڲ˵ 
Уѧϰѧϰȥ 
ֺǺǵĶ㵽һ߿ȥˡ

               2.5 
ദҺĹϵõԵĸơþӵ
ĵ绰֮ϰֺܿʹӹڷ˹ϰֵչˣȻ
Ҫعȥˡ 
Ȼ˸ɣŤŤҪȴΪҪ
һȥ˸ϾҪѧ֮⣬һڼңǺܷĵġΪ˲
ҲֻհˣϾͷɻ˹ڡ 
ʱⶣңһҪչ˺ãҵ
ȷľζܾţ˵ܸҶԱʲô
õ 
ҾǵĵȫǶģһصʱ輸
һƬǽ壬˸ʳӻţСѾͷſɵĵɫ˯˯㣬
˲ɳϣ˯Ŵﻹֻ߬ 
һڼңͦѽ 
˹ȥģûӦŮ۵ģЩ
Ӥʣܿɰ̲ס£˻֣һŤ˹ȥ
ֻּ˫ȼ䣬һš 
ЦЦֽŻҴϣʱ̲ס
СҲ֪ǲоʲôȻѾҺҵ
¡ 
뿪ķ֮վǰ˼Ƭ̣Ȼʹ˸ĸ
ֿƣ㶵ǽϵĽաĸĸ׷
ϵϵѣڵϣϵõͣһ飬
ֱһκġ 
ҺѾܹˣףҪȫң
Ҫܳһʱ䡣һꣿꣿꣿʮꣿһӡҲ֪ 
һңұ򱱱ע⣬һ˻
չ˱򲻵֮⣬˵һһεģû
ȫҵ 
뼰˴ҵһáΪ˲Σģֻ
ƴѧϰԾĳɼȡĻˡ 
ص֮Ҹŵ˸绰ǹػҵĳκͲ
һ±̳ҪûŮɱš
ƽ£ͣԵ˿ 
ڶ죬ıȥŵûӦֻɹػ¥µ
˰첻ӰʸھҲû֪ûޣֻҵŷֽ
ʱȥˡ 
ҾʱһյĻ渡Ժ֮Сŵ
ֽ࣬ףŸ衣عͷʱٺ۵Сϣ
΢Цغһ硣 
ҵ˼ڣͬ顢ۡΣһʱٸнҲ֪
ҵ׽ʲô𣿲ȫǡ 
죬һֱͼҵŵȴʼûϢ˾˼
һѧУѧˣֻʱֹͣѰң˼ѧϰȥ 
ѰʱҲ㲻ˣԼͳˡ 
ڷѧؼҵ·ϣԴͻȻʲôһ£ͷһ
ȻһöǵĸɻãȻѰң̧ͷȥ·ƹ
ϡɼԵͩһУŮŻֻ
Ѿһ𣬻ѽεãɰӣòҲ֪˭ 
ҵ־ϲͷеʵ˺ü죬㵽ȥĶ
ˡ 
ŵͷңû˵ŻֽǶ
ô߸ʲôµѽ 
ûҴûУϽ 
ŵȫûƵģյİŻǣһ
һ߿ҡ 
ʵû취ˣһҧ˳ȥ 
ִܴͩ󣬴Ͽûʲôо¿е
£ŵߡСʱƤ˵Сһ
СѾͷôȥأ 
С˰ŵԣԴ𱸵ʵһСҼҵģ
ô߸ʲô㲻ˤȥѽ 
ŵҡСԴĳŻ 
ļ򣺡ûУ˵ء 
ŤͷһõĻݵҵǰԥһ£˹
Žζġ 
Բ𰡣ʮϣ£ûܸԼ 
ŵбۿңûб飬ƲЩʲô޹
Ŀ⣬Ρ 
ðɣҡҳϣȷʵˡҧϴ󣬵漴ͣ
ҷѶϢ֮ȥģǡ£ȥˡ 
ûϵ 
ϣŵȻûһЦ 
㣺㡭 
~ 龭ֲǵһα˷Ÿˡŵһ˵
ţһֵݸһȥӣȴСһ㣬Ȼֱӷŵҵ
ߡҿԥһ£ȥһҧϾӨָ
ñʱ˻ȥ 
̬ĺ֣òʲô˰ɣ 
⼸쵽ȥѽü죬绰Ҳ 
Ҹʲôŵң۾һգһգģ벻Ƶģ
Ҫ˽Ըᱻɱεġ 
㡭ǡѽЩ֧ᣬֲʵʵ 
벻ɱѽŵЦǺǵطʡ 
šе㡣 
˸ӣҾӡô𣿡ŵЦЦȻͣ
ǰҸͬѧȥΣûڼңֻˤˣԽӲ˵绰 
Ҳ֪˵ĵǼ٣ҲԣȷʵеĹͷˣ
ôӵĻгģôΪҵһʧԼ벻ء 
ͬѧȥѽûһ 
ǵ 
һ򣬲ϵȥ 
ƭģĶǮѽǾȥʡ˼졣 
ֻЦЦһϷʵĿңѲ֪һҳε
ˣû˵Ľ׽͸ 
ô˵ҲϰֵŮһҳȼ٣ȴһ˶ڹ
ڣңҲġ¶ȻͷϣﻹЩ
ȥġ 
ǮҴȥ档 
ˣһθӣѾʧȥˡ 
ǣҵĴǸȡֲҳƬ̣˵
ɣ㿴Ӱɡ 
ҲȥŵͷһȤȱȱӡ 
ʲô˵ɡ 
ؼҡ 
붼û룬˵Уؼҡ 
ңûһ㷴Ӧҳһ£üʵ㡭ָǣ
ǸңǣǡǰְֵǸҰ 
ɿңĬˡ 
ǡҲǷ԰ᡣǷдĲҵ
֣ڱϵĻҲңѽ 
У㲻˵ˣ֪˼ˡŵ΢΢һЦ費
ͬ⣬ǰɣ 
˼ɡɵЦҲˣҪǰ
һܸһ£ȡȡǰǼˣǰ
ҳһ¡ 
ûϵҲ㡣 
㻹ǹҰɡԹҲСҲ˵ķƵ
ںҵԽǹⲻȥܾЩԲҪ
ЩʲôҾһͨĸҲձô͡ 
~ ŵȻתͷͷң˻ˣ
չ𣿡 
Ҳ֪ͻȻôһʲôһ£ͷ˵Ȼѽ
Ȼʱ˷ұϾѽ 
أ 
ҲһҲѽ 
˽ţҲ񱳱𣿡 
Ȼѽ 
ˣҲչҡ 
Ȼѽü㵽˵ʲôѽ 
ŵûлش𣬵ͷ¿һۣȻ΢΢һЦ˫ֳס֦
һԾȥҾͷˣһʲôأ 
֦׶ߣŵҽŵŵأ붼۵Ȼſڵ
ϣҧһûԡ 
ıľٶŵˣƬ̣æȥۼü
ͷ壬ҧصӣ۵Թë
ѽ㵽ʲôѽ 
ŵͷǺ飬Сɷףſ˫ۣӲǼһ˿΢Ц
ҡ 
ĸ㲻ףҪҲ˲öˣæ
ȻڱϣҴҵܵ·ϣ⳵͵˸
ҽԺ 
ҵֻûˣû֧ãڰŵǮҽ
ţعƬֻŤˣСȹ΢ѣסԺҪ
ϱа壬һʱ䡣 
Сʱ󣬱ŰŵҽԺһ⳵ģִҪұ
ؼҡ˱ȽСӺᣬҲѾ 
ŵͷҵļϣС˾䣺ԭ米ţָо
ѽ 
̲סԳЦҲǳˣҲϲ죬ʲô
оѽ 
֪Ҿԡŵſҵıϣһ˵ҵĲ
͸оһůůϢģֵġ 
ŵͻؼҺʱѾˣÿ軹ڹ⣬Ҫǵøż
ɡٺúҿûʲôˣʹؼңŵȴקסҵ½ǣˮ
Ĵ۾һգһգģίͰ͵Ŀҡ 
𣿡 
򡣡 
㡭ȥѽ 
ŵָָԼҽţҶʱˣԥһ£ӣſ
󣬽طͰϡ 
תҪߣȴקסˡ 
¶ 
û¶Ҿšŵһ˵ţһֽͬ
ڿһʵ䴦 
ɨȥƼһΰ۵ĴȣаⵯԲСƨɣ
ǰһ޹˼ɵĴ۸֪ݣܾ
еŤܵĽת˹ȥ 
һ߱㴫ˮȻǿŲȥ룬Һӽµ
ŮѨＤͰϵĻ棬Ժвϸֻ֡
һķȣɽĹ 
ˡ 
ôһ˵תͷȥȴţУӰϥǴ
£ֽ쵽䣬زѨϵΡ 
٣㲻˵𣿡ҸϽ۱ϡ 
˵ˡĬƬ֮Ȼ˾䣺磬
һ£ 
һ㶣漴Ӧָ֪ʲôЦ˵ܱܲˣ
硣 
ҸôͲֲûϷʰ
Ц 
һ򰡡˵꣬Լ
̲ס˳ 
ŵЦҪȻҸɣ 
òáϽѿӴ 
һϤϤĴ󣬰ŵ˵ˣԱһȥˡ 
ҽ۾죬ȷʵѾÿӣӣص
ңŵϡ 
˰ɣûʲô¶ɣ 
ŵƣЦûϴ֡ 
ѽĶô¶ѽͽͰɡ 
ŵ죺ǲУ಻ѽ 
ûޣֱȥϴϴ֡ٴλصҺ̾˿
˰ɣʲô¶𣿡 
ûˡ 
һڼң𣿡 
԰ 
ģ 
źߡ 
˰ 
߰ɡ 
˰ 
͡ 
תҪߡ 
šŵһƵı 
תͷʵ㵽ҪҪ߰Ҫǲߣ
ҿġ 
Ҳǲߣǡһе㺦¡ 
ǰһڼңô˵ѽ 
ǰֽýˡ 
áЦ˭û¶ġ 
ġ 
һ۾ɱѪѽʲôʱ
ģ 
ġŵ˫ֱأ˫бһԶ˵ı
顣 
УΪҾ͹ˣⶼˡ 
ŵʳָϣСԴһᣬһЦɰ𣿡 
ɰɰɰˣҼֱǿЦˡ 
˵ҪˣչҵġŵЦ
ͣһίͰ͵ӡ 
ǸСħŮֻˣ 
ô˵ģǡҲܹԼȸˤ˰ɣ 
Լȣߵȥ˵ģҪ
ҪչҰɣ 
Уˣ䡣 
Ҷ㵽˸绰ϲȥˣؽŴ
һҪİ˿šصŵңʵ绰 
š 
㲻һڼѽ 
ƳһۣˣˣҲãҲ㡣 
ǲһ~ ŵҡͷԣЦЦҰģǼġ 
ҿЦһĶôֻѽ˵꣬ץߣæ
ҺסȥĶ˵ȥϰ 
ָŴߵ˵︴ϰʲôҪȥѽ 
һǸ̲ס棬ǴСѾ
Ｆ͵Ļ棬Ķ˼ѧϰѽ 
¿ɣϾҪ߿ˣûʱ乩㷢ˡ 
̾˿ڴһͳ鱾һ߾˵㰲
ѧϰ 
ŵų~  
ҿʼͷԭΪ᲻ͣĸҵû뵽ȴİû
һϸ΢ͷһƣСѾͷȻ˯ˡ 
һֱ賿ʵòˣһȻȥԱߵ
˯ˡ 
ڶһ磬ҴŹǷ߳䣬ŵڿɳֻ
ɵһ㶣ʵôԼ´ˣ 
ŵŤͷһۣ취ǿԵġ 
ȥ֡ϴһ»֮ʵⷿƽʱֻ
һס𣿡 
ŵͷֻڻصżס졣Ҳǿš 
һ£˵ҪȻȰͻ󲮼ҰɣһҪѧ
ûʱչѽ 
ѧùˡ 
һڼңû𣿡 
û¡ 
أ 
ͷѧѽ 
Ҳסɣ 
ҪȻҽӵҰɡ 
ҵûʲô⣬Ҫܵͬİ 
ˣһҪѧأϻ˵ɡʰҴҵ
ߣٳʱĵ˾䣺緹Լܽɣ 
Խ 
 
ҸҪţŵȻһͷȥֻĳ
֡ԥһ£˹ȥʵʲô£ 
Ǹˡ 
Ǹ 
ʾҶȻſҵĶ˵ˡ 
ұ仰Ⱥģһյľ
տݼ£ȥ˵ĴŮһѪ 
һ¶Ҿеѳֲסˣƫƫקҵ½ǣĻζ
ţͯòò~  
Ҫ˵һ뷨ûУǲܵġĲˡ 
ʱ䲻ˣҵѧȥˡҽΡ 
ʱ乻ģһ~  
ûôģ 
ҲƵķɱȥ 
صĹʱѹסڵ𣬵һϻҪǸ
ֵСħŮҾһͷ󡣲Уڻȥ֮ǰȰԼ߲ǣ
ԹҪҡ 
Ҫ½æһæѹûҡûˣڲ
ߣһѣܵԵķйһ¡Һµǣ
Ůǣǻ᲻Ծ뵽Ͱŵʱһֱ
Ļ档 
ѧ·ҩʱͻȻ뵽ŵж㣬ȥһԹȣȻ
ָЩʳȥ֮ðŵҵԿ״򿪷ţɳ
ϣֻ 
ҽ˫շɳԣŵһۣʵ 
ģжˡ 
ŵߵһ˵ǲ뱳ˡ 
Ҳ챳ѽ˵ˣϾҪѧˣܲܲȥ
ѧɡ 
ҲŹȥѧѽ 
룬ҲǣŹϸУѧͲ󷽱ˡ 
šҸѧ˰ɡ 
ŵǰһң˵ѽҿûѽ 
ǣԸġ˭ء 
ЩȻ㿪ʼͷϰСѾͷҲһ
ֻҲûҡ 
ʮӣȻ˵绰ʾǱģΪʲô鷳أ
֮ͨȴе˵磬Ķأ 
ţͬѧأ 
ϰֺˣ㣬أҴ绰磬
Ͻɡ 
ôôͻˣұܵһ֣̿Ҷϵ绰֮һ
İŵô͡ 
СѾͷ˵绰ݣƽ˵Ͻȥɡ 
һڼҡ𣿡 
԰ŵЦ˵йա 
ȷ֪֮ǹ˵ʰҴҵĻص˼
 
һһߣ˵ûڼң
ΪȥأͦġҸ˵ͬѧһѧϰء 
ͷЦ˵ллҴڻ 
ʱϰˣҺ󣬱ʵ
Ķȥˣ 
ͬѧҰ 
еȥͽͰɡ 
һ˼Ľң豳Ŵͷɫ̫á 
裬 
Ķȥˣ 
ͬѧҰһϰš 
üŭʵûи˵֮
ʵʵڼţûи˵ڼҿű 
Ҳ֪ôֻͣܵǸ裬Ҵˡ 
ʲôʱԹ迴ĺ 
Ҳ֪ΪʲôȻеţԽԽԽǿģֱ
㶵վѵ⣬Ҳ졣 
˼֮󣬳̾һ˵ˣϽѧϰȥɡ 
š裬ҲעϢú 
ңϰֺͱ⣬ͶͬĿ⣬ҿЦһ¡
ϰҼģο˿ۣ̫ȶ
ʵһ㡣 
ҴӦһѧϰȥˡ 
ڼҷѧ͵ؼңûȥŵˣֻʱ
ʱķϢһǱȽȶģЩ
ȫԸѽ 
Ԫϣҽڳȥɢ͵͵ﵽ˰ŵңһЩԲ
֮󣬿ȥĻģȴȰҸϽ
ңʱһ䣬Žѧ 
ؼҵ·ϣҽ¶ǰǰϸһ£ֵֹܾġ
ŵˤȣǱȥչģûȥˣ
Ҳûôͼʲôѽ 
ڶһ磬С¿ѧŹռѵߣ̲ס
˵ҪҰ뼸ˣڼҺúϢɡ 
ǳں⣬ŵȴԴǵĻؾѧҵΪأô˾Ͳ
ѧôء 
ϸһγҲûôֲǸʲôѽ 
ȻżѽһϲϣϲϡѲҪҸһƽʱ
ɵ˸ʱš 
ҿЦõ˵ǣľҸߡ 
͵ѧУſڣעⰲȫȻ󼱴ҴҵĸѧУɼ
Ѿܿˣûи 
ǸֱǱ߷ѧһЩŵϢҸϽȥ
ҿ˼ʱ䣬ʦڣǰ˳ȥ 
صʱϰֲڣҲѧУˣһڳæš
ҸϽȥڣ˵ڴţʲôѽ 
ڴţǳʲôѽһ˵ţһвˡ 
ǻЪŰɣҴչȥҪĲ˵
æ㣬أС֣ 
ɣЪš 
в 
һᡣ 
һۣԡ 
Ҵù˵ƨɽһԣȻСһһµ
 
˭˵Ҳģⲻеĺܺð˿~  
Щ⣺ʲôʱѧõģ 
ŵ˰ɣǰʱҰѧġô 
յƵͦ׼ġ 
Щ⣬Ҫ԰һ£в˵ٶȽӿ졣 
˵㻹ˣе˿𣿶ˡõõã㻹
һߴȥɡְѵ˻ȥҼȻһʾһ˵
ûҪôС 
վһϸƣַȷʵֿȣ˿ϸľ͸˿
Ūһ̲ס޵רҵҶˣ
һ 
һһ䣬軹Уһ˿һ
䡣˫ַ˵ˣˣѧϰȥ 
Ҿ 
ʲôÿġ 
Ҫǿر̤ʵ 
бһۣˣƶ찡 
ЩˣϽ˳ȥҪ˵ĸ֮Ȼ
ͣٻЩҵģ̫׽˿»ķС 
ôȥӰŵѧϽѧصʵʵĸϰΣ
ܶʼһת۹һڡϻڿɳϣ˫
أȣһ䡣 
ұܵĸо˸кҪңȴסˣ
ģһ˿顣һݣͷ˹ȥ 
ʲôأʵ 
Ҳҿ۾ͷĻصûʲôѽǡѧ
ѧԷѧϰҲûʲô 
ңθոϵˣ˵һʱٵ
ˡ˵Сʲôѽʵ죬ֿʼǲ 
ҡûУҡѧϰŬġʵúܣһҷġ 
˵ģм䶼ʲôȥˣĿֱӣ
˪ 
ҡĶҲûȥҼüͷ壬Ҫ̹ף
˵֮跢ˡ 
㲻˵ʵǲؾָ˵
ɣ 
ûУûС˫ֺʮ裬ûУû
С 
Ѱңӳﳭһɨ㣬ҵƨɴ˹
ܵǰһ˿ 
Ҷ㣿˫ĿԲֳɨ㣬ָңŭȣվ
ˣ 
䣬һɨ˹ҲˣҧվֱӣӲ
һ¡ɨǿϣ·Ǻ۵ġ 
˵ȥĶˣһһߴеɳˡ 
վԭһҲҶЩƣܾ𷢵еаԣ
ҳٵˣʲˣѶƹڰ 
裬𡭡ѽ 
ʹһ꡻һɨȻѿˡŭ
ĵңڵϣתص须һ죬ݺݵؽ
ϡ 
ƨɣüͷôô갡Ѳɱһ
µĻڱﲻסˣֻǡˣ 
ϰֻҪԷû䣬
һٳ 
ϰŲߵҵʵôˣ
ˣ 
Ƿ˵С 
ϰһɣ˵Сܰ 
üͷίͰ͵˵Ѱ˼ŰɣǸˡ 
ĸϰûס 
ǸŮһ²м˵ǸˣƢǲ̫á
ǹˣӦñɡ 
ϰǵ˵ͷʾͬȻָͷ˰죬ҡͷ˵
ԣӲԡ 
ʲôӲԣҵҷˡ 
Ǹ͹ˡϰбһۣˣϹĥˡ
úøϰɣȥ 
ʱҵֱ̬ˣе㷢ţʱʱ
͵ƣʼüͷ΢һ˿ǳ 
׳ŵӽ˰ҡڴ߿ֻɨһۣ
ûпҴյǰ˵裬һ¶ɲ 
Ƭ̣ػ˾䣺˵ 
ҪˣӢɼе㲻ȡܲܰѽ 
ԥһ£ֻߣȵſڣͷһվԭ
أͷ˵˾䣺Ÿʲô߰ 
ŷӦæصԼ 
ҵһɣҵ̬ȡȻĵĻҵĳ
а԰顣 
峿ٳǰ辯˵ҪٸҳٵҲ 
ӦȻҲƵĳ˼š 
ǰŵ·ϣ˼룬ΪѣͰŵȥгٵķ
գɼȻѾӦ˼ˣ;ڣе˵ȥ 
˰ŵ¥֮Ҷϸơŵɻʵ㿴ʲ
ôأ 
ȡõûУ 
Ҳ֪·ͦ۵ġ 
Ҽǵãҽ˵˵ģҲǺصİɡ 
û˵˽һ졣ŵбңôˣ㷳
 
û~ ų˵ôᷳء 
ԣֵֹģǲ° 
ҿЦһİ 
ŵЦ˵˵ܰ㡣 
Ҳûʲô¶ÿѧǳٵˣξֱ
Ӹ˵ˡǶ˵ 
 
ǿ϶ѽ 
Ŷŵ죬ͷ˵˰ɣ
ٹˡ 
һ̬ȣ֪˵̾˿˵˵ô
ˣ˵㣬һ㡣˵㻰ġ 
ŵߺߵʮû˵㻰 
Ͻϳɡȥóٵ 
ҷŰŵ˺ʻС·ϣһͷ
ţҲ𴲣ȡҳٵ 
Ҫ磿 
ɡ 
ȥôʲô 
ǻǨһ 
ŶС 
ΪҪٸҾ䣬û뵽Ӧôʹ죬õĻû
˵ˡ 
ѧʱȥ㣬ѧѧУ 
ʵûҪô鷳ڼžˡ 
ʲô 
һû˵ʲô˼ͼͻȻӳȥʹ
˵ҽŵŵأټͦģһˤڵأ˼ 
Ҵʧɫæͣ³˻ȥ㡭㵽ڸʲôѽ 
ŵ۵ᶼˣȻЦѽϿȥҽԺɡ 
ѽ 
ŵдᣬЦҾǹġ 
㡭ּ֪ô˵ˣҲڵ綯
ˣ⳵ͽҽԺ 
˸Ƭӣҽ˿˵ǻãûмءŵһֱۣ
ҪסԺҺ˵˵ֺȰǲ˵һҪסҽԺסԺ
¥˵һðգֻŴһ
 
ˣôһ֣˵ٵˣֱӾǿˡԤϵһ
ʱĵ绰ˣĶһѣ
ŭСҪһ׼ͱٽˡ 
ʵûˣֻʵʵ˵ 
һ㴫Ϥĸ߸Ьûźɫ
ȹӺɫ˿࣬ɫ߸ЬȻǴӹ˾ġһ
ҵĺ׾һƣʵ㲻ѧҽԺʲôˣ
˵գƼϵİŵɵüͷһ塣 
ŵһЦ̺á 
Ťͷңô 
סԺ 
㵽ô¶ 
ҳĶЦˣвЦʲôЦ 
֮ǰҾˣʼҲһʵ
ɣֻʵʵ˵Ȼˣϴ¶ǸʡʡԾԵġ 
ַ֮ͷһĳݡҽַϣ˵
䣺裬ûɡ 
𿪣ңһͳֻ˳ȥ 
һͷŰŵЦˣˣⶼƺõİɣ 
ŵգˮĴ۾һãȻĿң˵ʲôѽ 
ҿЦõĻ˻֣װ޹ˣô죬ʼ
벻ף֪㵽Ҫˡ 
ҪʲôѽŵЦŷʵ 
֪ʡҰһۡ 
ԼĪ˶ʮӣ»ص˲ͬжģϰ֡ 
ô£ϰּŵ֮е㣬衣
ô֪ôⲻǵѽ 
ְתңô㲻ȥѧŸʲô 
ҡü¶Ҳ˵ģ֪ô
ϰֽ͡ 
ҷʱϰֵļ򣬶˵Ůڲ
أͲôˣ 
ϰŷӦߵߣʵŵŵϵü춼
ϵϣôˣ 
ŵƿ¶űȣ˵ȹˡ 
ϰֵͷϸȣʵôģ 
ŵЦ˵ﳵңˤġ 
ͬʱĿͶұ͵ģ룬ˣ
ԽԽ鷳 
ʱҽˣϰֺΧҽ˼䣬֪ŵûʲô󰭣
ԵķһЩ 
ҽߺϰ֣ҪҪ֪ͨǼǱߣ 
ϰֻûػŵ˵øǴ绰֪Ҳ
ҵġ 
Ϊʲôɻ 
ΪңͲءŵͷŪָ
һӡ 
ϰ໥һۣû˵ĬƬ֮ҹ˹ָ
ʾҸų 
һǰų˲˵ô£ 
һûü˵ϰָŭʵҲŵŵ˽
½Ӵ⺢ôһ㻰Ҳѽ 
ü˵ѾϵˣҲŮˣΪ 
ΪʲôѽΪ˳ĵ˸ˣǰɣ
ôģȸˤˡ 
Ҹæͣⲻҵ¶Լˤġ 
̾˿ɸƵĿңҪģû
ãȸˤˣ˭ѽ 
治ҵ¶ 
¶ÿԱ˳ŵð 
¶˵ˣҸɴˡ 
ĬƬ֮迪ʵ¶ôɣ 
Ƴϰһۣϰǳ鴤һ£Ϊѵ˵ȷʵǸ
¶ǱһҲǸסҲߡ⺢Ȼ
󣬻ͦģҪˤȣҲԼչԼ
 
ޱĶϰ֣ƺڵ˵ 
ϰɤӣ̽ԵʵҪǼס죬
˵ 
˫ֱأЦһһ֮ŮԼ
ˡ 
ϰæЦһ֮һ֮ʶӡ
С˭Ǽҵһ֮ 
˿ûԥ˵Ȼĸ״ 
ϰЦ㿴㿴Ӷ֪¶ 
תأ 
ҺЦӵ¶ûʲôϵ˵ţת
Ҫ˻زһǣҺ˻ 
ôûϵأн͵ģչ˵΢ģôû
Աôѽ 
˵꣬ϰ־˵ѽõȸŪˣչ
ѽٸ߿ѧϰôأĶʱչ˼ѽȻŤ
ͷ˵ҾСΣʵûʱչŵŵԡ 
һۣ̾һˣҲŪ
ˡ⸸һһ͵һһѲȰӻؼҰɡ 
õ׿ϣϰȻǿװ򶨣ȴ͸ϲ֮顣
ѽǱϾϰֵ׹ŮܽӻؼžۣȻˡ 
ұ裬ĸϰ˵Ͼ͹ˣ¿ؼԲ
ˡ 
ϰЦЦȻͷ£ѵ˵ϻ
ͷˡ 
˳ԺұŰŵ¥ŰЩԶʱС
˵ıǵóˡ 
ʲôıѽ磬˵ʲôѽŵһɵ
ģ 
                             δ

2.6
ص轫ڲ輸ϣȻһƨɳϣʲôҲ˵ʲôҲˡϰָϽ԰ŵ˵סУƽʱҲڼңסݰɡ
ҽŵ˱ķŵһȦ˾䣺סķ䣬᲻᲻ѽ
Ұʰһ·䣬˵ƽʱҲڼң˲ѽ
ϰ˵ͱôЩˣԼңסžˡ
վſڣ䲻˵˾䣺ѽ㱾ֵŮļҡ
ϰֻͷһۣЦЦ˵㿴Ҹ˵Ĳѽ
ϰ죬̾˿ûҴǻ
ŵٺúһ뿪˷䣬ϰС˵⺢ô˵ҲǡССֿͣģܲһ㡣
ߵһЦҶĶˣⲻǻĥţȥŹǣһء
ϰֳ̾һҡҡͷЦ̾ʲôѽ㶼СŮӻˣؼԲҸѽ
УҲ˵˵㡣ϰ֣ӵһߡ
Ťͷңʵ㻹ʲôѽȥѧ
Ŷ~ˣҪѧءߣߡҸϽߡ
һ·Ͼĥµľе㲻ζԭΪŵôΪ˽ӽңҪչû뵽ô󾢣Ҫסѽ
ϸ룬ѾͷҲǹԵģΪ˴ﵽĿģȻԼôݵ֣ǿֲ˹
ϷѧصžŵһŨζһȻŹ̲סЦЦ
һۣЦʲôЦ
ҸϽͣҲЦҾǾţϿӲģĻġ
бؿң㵽˵ʲôѽ
ڿءӲ£һġ
ٸˣƶ졣һûأ㵽ôһģ
Ƕ˵ڹϱݺҵ˴ȵı̬ˡ˼棬һȥҲʶˡҵʱĲ֪ͬĸð
Ĭκ˵˾䣺ˣɶ񡣡
ҸæͣԣҰɶˣе¶
ҲǣһۣڿͷҪ߿ˣ޲ðϳš
Ҳ֪ǲǼ¶ˣ˵ز˾֮֮ˡ
ķŵڴϣͷֻҽ̧ͷһۣ˵˾䣺~ӭؼҡ
ҲɵЦ㵹ӦͦģôͰԼļ˰
ⱾҰְֵļҡ
˵ȱˣ˵¶
ŵԥһ£ֻŵϣŤͷң΢Ц˵ʲô£˵ɡ
ͷ֯һԣȻ˵˰ɣģ飬ʵͦġҪǣ˭¶ﶼܣҾ˵ҪǸɫˣҲ⣬Ҳ֪㣬Ұ֡
סŵɵĵ˵ͷ
أҳϣҴ㣬Ͷء˵ţ˫ֺʮ˰ݡ
ŵգ۾һãȻʵʲô˼ѽ
ѽͱǫˡŵ֪֮еЦ˵Ҿһ£㿴ѾԸԳİᵽˣ˵ģʵҲٰˡ
ΪʲôѽŵСԴ˾䡣
⻹ѽԭǸְֶûǸ̺ʹ󲮣Ҳ׵ģҶֲáڸѪԵϵˣˡ仹ôСٲϲ㣬Ҳܰϳȥɡ
ңһԲڵҼ˵
԰ȻѾᵽˣҲǼһԱˣܲܡܲ΢ϧһǰҸ
ŵͷһãȻؿҡ
֪öҾ㰡ܲܰһ£Լϣ衣
ҿңĬã˵ͷ˵
ˣ
ţұ裬ǰɣ
ԶԶԣ˼ܵĴ̫ˣǧȥ
ĶѽŵͷͷŤŤ˵ұһˣĶŮѽ
šοĵ˵ͷ漴͵𣬶Уǧü֪¶
ʲô¶
֪ʡ
ŶŵһȻı飺ҵ¶
~С㡣Ҵ˸Ȼѹ˵ǧ˵Ҫü֪Ҿ군ˡ
ģҲ군ġŵЦĿңȻֺһ𣬱˸Σ˵˾䣺ϲŶ
ַε̾˿
ϰ°ڿԿˣҷŰŵλϡӳҺϰһүƵǶһ⿪Χȹˤ˲輸ϡ
һ㶣漴Ӧţ˷˷ͷڽ˳
õŹһҨһ롣ϰЦ˵ŵŵǰ㰾ġ㳢̵رá
ŵһڣЦ˵úȡ̣лл
ޱĵ˵ͷûп
ϰЦ˵úȾͶȵ㡣
ҼһȰ裬Ҳȵ㰡
Ƴһۣ䲻ȵ˵˾䣺ûθڡ
󲡳ҲҪѽ
ķɣĶô໰
ڣƨĵϡ˸ûȤ
ϰּŵֻ˺ȰѽԵŹǡһ˵ţһ߰ԼŹǼе
ŵһŹǣ˲ʯһκһરɵĵ
ҺͰ趼ˣɻ
ϰֹеʵôˣǲˣ
ŵȦģҧ´˵ˡǰҲŹǸҳԡ
һۣԡ
ŵ̧ͷᣬǿջЦ̣ıĺóԡ
趢Ƭ̣ףޱҨ˼Źǡ
һбԹۣѣҪⱾ£Сٰٶٴѽ
ۿҶˣ軹üͷһݣǰŹһҲûЩɻ󣬹еʵ裬ǲĶѽ
ŤͷңұЩëˡƬ̺ҪͻȻɫһ䣬ɿܵ䣬һŻ¡
ҺϰֶһۣƬ̣ϰַ꣬ߵ䣬˹ȥ
ֻſϴ̨ԣɫЩѿϰĺ󱳣ʵô£ö˶˵ôˣǲθˣ
˵ǰɣܲ
ҪҪȥҽԺ
áǱңϽԷȥɡ
û¶
û¶
ϰֳ䣬ִ˹ȥҪıŤͷһۣ˵ŵһһ£Ĺ˳ȥ
ϲŭ޳ոջ̸ЦŤͱ˪ĸĸңһʱҲǽⲻˡ
֮ûٻطֱӽԼؽһţϰָɿΣ˵ϽԡС˷Ͻѧϰȥ
ŵŰҷţ뵹˳˼ǰ˻Σʵ㷢ʲôأ
ŵŻЦЦûУڵİ̵Ľ
ǰҲ彡극󣬻صôҲϰַ˸绰ȥˣĥĥȥ׳ŵƿ˰ҷš
豳ŷţڴϡŵ˹ȥ̽ͷһۣ۾δ˯ȥֻĿЩͣƲЩʲô
ʵ裬ôˣ
ȥػ˾䡣
裬һҲûԣԵʲô
û˵꣬˵ˣȥ
Ҳٶ죬˷䡣վ˼Ƭ̣ߵˮ谾һЩСࡣ
ǰû¹ģԴϸҳߺ󣬸ϰѧһЩգҸоǿԵġ
ҶŰõСصʱӴֵŶͷͷңһ㲡ҽ˫ֶ࣬Щ⡣
СճЩ̣Ҳ֣Ҳߵ̫죬˳СķǰĴͷϣȻ̵ָͨ
迴һǰС̧࣬ͷ˾䣺㰾ģ
ҽͰ͵Ľͣϰ˵θʱࡣҡҸҰѧģһζְҲҲ֪ôЩ档
Ƭ̣ӣ˴һСڡ
Ҷ辫µӣʵоζô
һΰ跴ʵ
ҲǵһΰɣϰְԼ⻹ǵһΡôаɣ
С˵ͷ漴ЦҪǿϴѧܳȥ͡
ͷЦڿأء
ôɡһһ׵ĺࡣƬ̺һۣʵ㻹ʲôѽʲô¶𣿡
ҺЦû¶ǡԷ
ߵһԷʲôÿġ
岻ãⲻǹ
ңͺˣ
Ҳ˵׼˹һã˵ͺˡ
һۣһѧϰأѧϰɼ𣿡
šҪٶһ㣬˵ͺˡ
üͷһ壬ͷ˵ôôѽNNNNģҸûθˡ
аɣԣﻹСһݿȥ
Ͻ߰ɡ淳
뿪ҺȻһԥһ£ת˱ҡ
ŵǰ飬ҽЦź硣
Ҽװµӣڷ󿴿ҳ򣬰ŵ̲סʵʲô¶𣿡
˵ûУҾ㡣
Ŷ~ŵЦЦĿҡ
ұƵĻڣʵôҸʲô
磬ǲҪǸˣЦľ֣˸ߣơ
Ҷ̬ѾֲˣҲûĴ˵šŵŵ㿴Ĺϵô
ͦõİ
̽ʵǲӦáǶƵɾ˰
ʲôƵŵգ۾һãȻı顣
Һȷװ⣬ƽ͵˵ʲôǶƵ
ŵװһȻģŶ˵ǣǿҵǶƵ
ұܵһۣȻѹ˵ô˵ֻѽҲסˣҲҵˣӦ̹Ա˴˰ɡ
ŵͷŤ˵㵱ʱ˼ҵʱôû˼ҵѽ
ҵʱ֪ҵã֪ãҲɡ
˼Ҽװ˷ܵظʲôƵġš˼ǣɱŵŵ
˭ɣѾ챻ˣɴвϽƵҽȻҶ㡭㲻ˡ

ҡ˰죬û취һҧҲˡ
ѽҺѽ~ǧҪҡŵװһʮֺµӣʵ̫ˣһװģǹװģ͸ˡ
һʱҲûа취ֻܶ뿪˷䣬ٳǰ󳰷ƵЦ磬ѽ
ڶľˣķ֣ŵû磬һڳæµšŹڵİ˱࣬ҽŽɵʵģ
ǰû뵽ɡ
Ҳûɶ벻ģ£СѾͷҪһ˶Ķࡣ
ֲѧôʲôŹָͣ˭ѽ
ȻǱָ迴ѽŵЦŶ˵ֺ裬ѽ
ţóֹһۣձǿˣҶͻ᰾СࡢŴʲôģ˱ָӵĶҿɰ
ŵͻȻһЦƵʵЦʲô
ŵЦ˵㿴չŵСϱŬֺš
ҷ˸ۣЦĶСϱֱҶ衣
廹ǲûгԷϰֵǶ԰ŵճ޲ѡ˽ãƨûĳɣôˡ
ŵں˵һֻҪ֮Ժ㣬ƨĵġ
ǰӢСɼˣĲѧؼҪչʾһ£֮һȦҲûҵ衣
ŵڷֻ˵֪ҪҪ绰ʱˣɫ̫ã纮˪⡣
һΣоǲΪתҪݡ轫İˤ輸ϣͺһҹ
ҲΡΡ˹ȥ迪ڣȱ裬Ӣ￼ò̵ġ
˵һ룬̧ҵݺݵسһƣ࣬ϻۡ
Ҵ㶵Ŀ裬˵ҲӣаоЩãȻ
ɫ࣬ؿھűϢѩ׵ĲȻڽҧأŭ˼㣬̧һơ
衭ίͰ͵Ŀ֪Ǻá
ƺȻҳһϰֵƤҾһٺܳ顣ɱȰˣ죬·ǻۣÿһ£͸һƤƵġ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôô𣬵˽ƢʱǧӲҲܶ㣬һҪģԽЧԽãֻҪˣǾû¶ˡ
Ϊʮܽľ飬׾ʧˣôģʼղΪԽԽݡʱϰֲڼңҲûţֻܶӣ˫ֱͷӲ
ӣͣƤһתȥˡ
ҸоԼѾǱˡѪģˣڵֹ˽ʮӣվһȳһյߣз֣ҷſһ죬ŵͷ⿴ء
û˵ұҲŵ㡣
ŵЦ˵ûô˵꣬Źˡ
ҿЦõ̾˿˽ȥ
ױ̨ǰֵֶͷ˫ĿգŭδҴһ˿ǳҴ˹ȥС˾䣺裬𣿡
Ļ˾䡣
裬ҲˡʲôҸĻҽüͷͰ͵˵š

ƽʱͿˣ״ͬĸеӦǺϵйء
Ĺȱߣ˵裬治֪ĶˡңҸģһģһ˵ţһȥץϵ֣֪һ񴥵һ㣬͵س˻
ι軺۾˫ĿĶң̾Ϣġĵ𣿡
ͷܣһܸġ
½۱ϣ̾ã˵˾䣺˵ʲôѽ
ҡܶѽУܵͲʹ˵ǰϰֳˣһٳͺˡҪˣ򡣡ץס֣ʹϳ顣
ѿ̾һ˵ʲôˡˣѧϰȥɡ
ӣĶ˼ѧϰѽҾţҪԴңҪ˳ҡ
һ̾Ϣͷתһԡ
뵹˳֮Уĥɣʵʵģûʲô¶аеĪС󣬴ûдôݹ
ĬƬ̣С˾䣺裬θõû
ûлӦ
裬Ҫȥ
ûлӦ
裬˵仰ҸʲôСһ˵ţһٴȥץ֣ȴһӣСĴϵٺ۴
˻~
ǸոƤٺۣһͻƵۣ̲ס
ʶĻͷһۣҲҵʵ̫΢ˣȻֹḧһ£˾䣺۲
ʱ͸װˣҲúۣüͷ˵۵Ҫֿǹݵġ
轫˻ȥ˵ˣϽݿȥɡ
ǲУҪҾû顣ˣСʱһˣҾ͵ֵĲˡ˵գҴӵǰһ˫ŵأ
裬쿴ѽҫŲ
üͷſڶû˵оòУϱһѾ
Ҽ⵹Ѿˣ룬˵ҵŸ׸ɡֻãĺͶĻѽ~
һ߳һ鵹ŲһСײ˴ţ۵һУһˤ˹ȥ豻ҵǱá͡һ˳۵ᶼˣǿջЦ裬ɿ˰ɡϣˡ
°̾˿ܲܳȥҰһ
趼ѾЦˣ˵ӲѾѿһ죬ȥ¾ʵ䷴ˡҴӵͷ˵裬úϢһѧϰȥˡٳǰͷ˵һ䣺裬Ӣ￼Ĳ
轫תһԣûңҲǷ
ϰֻ֮󣬼һˣһ֮£֪ǱģЩ㵣ԭǲϿڣܺһԲͣȰοϰ֡Ϊʲô˵Ҳ޴֪
ڶ峿ŵһ˻ĲһˡҪڣ벻Ҫˡ
¼ȡף׼ϵʱ򣬴ӿڴһɫϰϽͷһۣȻ㼱Ҵҵĳ˼š
û¶ŵȴ˾䣺ղʲô
ô֪Ƴһۣô¶ʲô
ŵʼ磬û˵
ȥ֮δ飬ϰ˵ǹ˾£ʱȥˡ磬ҷѧؼңһžͼɳϣһ㶣ѧУż١
˫ֱǰһĹĵСģԼĪŲ³Ϊʲô̲סЦʵôˣӹĵĸƵġ
ֱӣָԼķ䣬ߺʵ˭Ϊʲôҷ
ԥһ£ʵ趼û˵𣿡
ҴֻػϰַϢֲءңһ飺˭ѽ
ǡô˵أ
˭ѽΪʲô˯ҵķߺģֱţ
Ťͷ俴һۣŽգҲ֪ŵڲ档˼Ƭ̣ʵô˵ģ
˵ҵãĽ㡣ΪǼأ˵׵ģüһŵı顣
ҺٺɵЦʵ˵Ҳû
ʲô˼ҡ
¶ϰָ͡
˵꣬תҪݣǰһקסҵĸ첲˵ҲҾĽ͡
㲻֪ãã㣬׽㡣
ɵôѽ뼱ѽ
§ļߵһԣ˵ǰ˵ϰָһСŮһ֣¶㻹ǵò
ǵð˵ͷ
Ҹ˵ұһСŮݺ㻹ǵ𣿡
ǵð

۾ôġ
۰ֵ˽ŮаŵԣӦýŵšСŵ
˭ʲôѽôͳ۰ֵ˽Ůˣ
¶ǻͳˣ۰ְɡСʱͦģǵģ㡣룬ͦģҲ÷㡣
ߣ׷ҵʣ㵽ʲô˼ѽ˵ѽ
ʱҵķſˣŵŹմ˳ҺЦ˵磬
һû˵ȻҵǰĹĵĵ˭磿ƾʲô硣
ŵЦǺǵ˵ҴҵȻҪ磬ѲҪܵܰǰɣ㡣
ҲŲء΢ȻЩǻ
һʱ֮Խʵ¶˭ϣ˭ɡҸæļȰһ˼ά趼Ѿʵˡ
Ҳ֪ˣ
Ȼ֪ˡ
˫ֲ˵Ƕ֪һˡ
Ҳǹ㣬ֲڼҡ
Ҳˣ
Ҳ˵ˣȸˤˣûչˣȽӵˡƢԸҲ˽⣬죬ġšô˵أϾ۰ֵ׹Ů
ƾʲôסѽ
ܲסɡЦЦ˵㲻ûҲǿš
Ĺĵ˵һˣȥ
ε̾˿ᵽĶݰܲ˯ɡ
Ҳܣߵһ˫ֱأСһ
룬§סļһߣǿĲ϶Ӳˡ䣬챻趾µٺչʾ
ʵô£ְˣ
ɲǡ
һ£̾Ŀɲѽ㷸ʲô¶ѽô㡣
ѹص˵һʼҲһ˵Ҳ¶Ҿ͸죬ͼˣҡ
ɣŽɵĿҡ
ʲôвɣ˻ءɲֹһϣ㿴Ƥġƿ·ظչʾ
ڰɣôݣ
Ҽ˵㻹ʵɣƤ֮ࡣ
˵ͷģΪ֮ȻȥŵʱһЦͣ˵ʲôԥһ£ˡ

                            2.7
ΪԵʣ񽻸˰ŵ
ϰ°ڿɳϣ·֮󣬽е
̸˰СʱųȦģԿ޹ϰֽͰ
ŵеһ໥˸ܣŵˬĽ㣬Ȼ̫Ը
ǴӦһ
ϰֽˣԷʱʼճһ϶
ꡣҺϰֶܸеίͣвˣҲ֪ǲ
ǶԹԵĳ
һݿ鸴ϰʮһʱ˯˽ﻹ
ͷͱӡһ㶣ɵĿʲôػ˵
Ⱦ㰡Ҳȥ˯
ӵҵĴϣһƨĹĵ˵Ҳ
һ˯
Ҳ˯ѽ˯أ
ȥϰ˯ɣֲڣϰ˯һŴɡ
Ҳϰϸˣ˲پƣҿɲϰһ˯ôȥ
üߺ˵Ҷϸˣôܸϰ˯һŴ
ܸ˯һŴ𣿡
û˵Ҫ˯һŴҵ˼ǣ˯Ĵ~ ȥ
ƾʲôʧЦ
˭㲻ҵġ˭ҵġ˵˭ǰ
ҵķסġ
ͽһ°ɣͻѧУȥˡ
ҲҾͲ
ֱͦͦҵĴϣˣҾ˯ҪԸϰ
˯һݣ˯һˡ
ߵߣͦʬƵڴϣӹĹĵģظһһ
Сˣ
˵㶼ˣˣܲһ㡣
ƾնһͬĸ˭ǵ˰˵ˣҪ
ǷŲġ
ҿЦã̫˰ɡ㣬ȥ˯ɡС
һŴϣ˵ͶԵѧУȤ£ǰԣʫʸ踳̸
ѧͿһ𿴿ѩǿˡ
ҲŲҪѩǿأֻҪ㣡
Ҫңһ㶣ҪҸʲô
Ҫȥ˯ѽ
ˣˣϽȥɡץסϸۻ
ҪӴקȴ˫˫رסӣ˵ʲôҲ
ҹľٲҪ˰
ߵһٲȥҲˡ
٣û취ˡ
һҧЬȥڴϡĴر
ģȵ˴΢һЩҲû˫˴ĳ̶ȣ˲ţЩ
ġ
ҵĸ첲űĸ첲߼ʹ߼
һСѾͷƬӣĶҴһֱҼߣۿҪȥˡ
ѽ~ ֻ۵СѾӳһ࣬
һȴҵϣ§ңֻβƵģ
ϡ
ֽŲã§ҡһ֮󣬺Ȼ
ֹͣеĶ໥ŶԷ
ѾûôĹ۲ˡŮ۲תǳƴ
Сپ£ȻɣƤ׾ΪϷ֣˵ĺ
ΣӨ͸۵ˮ
۵ļϳ˵ŵŮ֮⣬һЩԡ¶ζȻǸո
ϴ裬ֻ׾ɵСè
ֻ˵˯£ظоؿ΢΢¡⣬
һӲ۶ɬȻұȽϷϾһ彡
ˣܺõɰ
ǰҲһ֣ҲûоʲôףԴӺͰŵ
֮ҾвһĪĸоʲô
ѿһ˵ȴĸС
Ƭ֮󣬱Ȼ˾䣺磬ǲǲ̫ѽ
֪㻹ɿ
ȥ
ƾʲôҵķ䡣
ҾͲ֡
ҺߵһôŰɣν
С˭Ҳ˭һֱűһıң
ȻûŲҲ˵ѧϰҲ۵ģɴ
Ϣ
ôһ֮󣬶ߺȻ΢һƣȻ
˯ˡ˫ۣС΢ţһһ֮䣬ҵϣ
ůůġ
ĳ̾һεƵһԣȻϱ
뿪ҡ
ҽͷڿɳϣԥһ£תǰƿţ
ֻŵſڴϣֻƤһһ̵ģա̧ͷ
һۣЦʵ磬ʲô¶𣿡
û¶ǿ˯ûҲ֪Լʲô¶
ǹʹľͽˡ
Ͼ˯ˡ
У˯ɡ
ҸҪţŵʵ㲻𣿡
㲻õˣ˯
ŵ۾ʵǡ˯һݰ
˯
㡭ҪҪһ˯ѽ
ҪҲôǣűߣϵع˷š
Ϊݴ٣ϿΣڿһֱϰһ˯
ҹεԼſϣĴųɫ˿˰ȣ
˺ɲͦӲյۻİ׻Ѩǰһͦ˶
ͷյһһĽ뵽խСյѨ֮С
۾գгһ죬촽΢ţ﷢
˫ֽ߬ӲѨڲϵزײ
Ž۵ӹġ
ӱײǰǰҡΣγһ
εİɫˣ͹˺һ죬͵մ
֭ĵĽһȦۺ⡣
šСһЩŰһ㡭㡭費
š
Ҷϸ޳˿ȣڼϣ壬ͷѨ
ͱѨ֭ˮ죬
ɰ˿СŴҵļϣų壬ζţҸоԼ
ҪＫˣǰ㣬˿ѹ
ϣĳHɣͷδεףײġ
šС͡Űѽһ㡭
豻Hĺߺģ˵һ۵ǻѨ
ҾΡҸоԼҲͲסˣ͵һ壬ͷס⣬Ũ

𡭡ȥγУỳеġ
ȥ
ĿУѹ֮䣬оů桢
ģӲǱһš
Ƭ̣͵˫ۣȥȴķ֣ŵɳԣ
һ°ͣһֻҵ˯߬ҵ
йɵһµţͷۻڲϵ⼷Һ
ʲôأҳ㵵ĺ
ŵһЦСԴ˵ҼͦĹģˬһ
°ôˣ𣿡
һҵСִӿ˳û
ˣѹ˵ˣڼ
ﲻ𣿡ŵ⣬մŨСַڱǰ
һ¡
ȻУҶ˰Σ̲ס˾䣺㡭˵ʲô
û
СѾͷһתС˹ص˵ղһֱ

ôһ˵˿ΪĶǱȴ֪
ˣզһ¡
ҿŵĳһ𣬺ЦǣǱεǱŵ
ҸͿˣɻĿҡ
ұ鸴⣬죬ȴֹСѾͷԽ
ԽͿˣҲ֪ǷҵеĳȶȣСȻ
΢죬ԵЩΡ
ѵñϷˣһΣмֱֿ˻ˡʱ죬
˯۴˳ҹ˲ÿճʪ壬æ˯㡣
ߣŵɳǰɵһʵ
Ǹʲôأ
졣ҹ򶨵˵
ģʲô찡üͷ˯ʵڲ
ӣת䡣
ʰŵ첻𣿡
ŵվСһԹ㣬¶ˡ
ʲô¶
Ϊ
û㡣
ŵŲ;ͷ˵˾䣺ˣ˰ҵķ
һ¡
Ҳ֪ǷڿЦҲ˲ø죬һ䣺Ȱϴˡ
ʱŵײ˸棬һƵĿŵ
΢΢һЦֻ̧մҺС֣ǰ
һ磬һСִ򿪣ʵʲôѽ
ôġ
һҪ˵ֻŵЦ˵Ǳ飬Ǹġ
ġӶ˵˾䣬תҵķ䣬˯ȥˡ
ŵתҫƵĳһ˻ֻմҺС֣ص
ˣϽϴ֡
ŵ˸һȳһյĽ䡣
ŵһ£극˳ȥϰϰ֮
ʣҺͰŵˡãûʲô۶ӣԹԵĴڿ
ֻ︴ϰΡ
ʱȷʵеˣžҲ֪㲻㷢й˳
һݣ͸оȣȺģѹûоѧϰ
вϵĸԼֻһζѣҶκε
Ƿ֮롣
ɻһ뵽СħŮڼе飬ܾߣ
һĪĴ
Ī֮ʱۣɾɰľȻԱ½ͬѧȻ
绰˵ҪһѧϰҵȻԥľʹӦˡ
Ҷϵ绰֮ҵͿʼĪ½ÿҼ
ǻᱻҸֿͣûкúѧϰ֪ġͻȻң˵
ҪѧϰҽѲҲҪˣ
ܣԴϴ֮Ѿܾûˡô˵ҲǸ
ζĸŮˣסһʱﲻסһѽ
ŵһ¾ͿHˣоһȣǰҲ
ѧȥˡСħŮڼȷʵЩ̫ģϴν˳
ȥξе鷳ˣϾȲ̫㡣
֮⣬ﻹһ뷨½·˿͸߸
ЬڴϣȿĸҸɣ⻭ѪڡȻˣҲ
װ裬Ҿ˿͸߸ЬŮζˡ
ȻǿңܾôɣеԲ裬ϾѾӦ裬
ҪıԼ
˵ֻһ·ѣҲû뷨ѽ
Ǯһµ͸ƽʱҲϰ
ȥһҧ˵һ·
½һֲǹġ뵽ҿ˳ȥ
ûƼŵӰӦǻطȥˡΪ˱˸
ĵ˰¹·ҵƷȹ
Լ˿߸Ь
Ƿǰҿ϶ԥѡɫ˿࣬
ɫ˿ǳȤ֪ʲôԭȴʹԼֻ
ǵϲѣûʲôԭ
׺ɫСװȹɫ˿࣬Լһ˫ͷϸĺɫ
Ƥ߸ЬŽĵ뿪䣬ҿȷСħŮڸȻ
ٵҡ
ҵֱͣضԼ˵ֻǺ½ϷѣȻ
ͻȥˣⲻʲôûйڴȻй֮Ҿ
ȫĵͶ뵽ѧϰеģһҲ˷ѵġ
ʮӣ½ˡĺˬһУ˶Ь
β裬Сϻ˵ױ
ĺＱһҼװرֻ֣ǵ˵
䣺˰ġ
½ҿ˿ʵûڼ𣿡
ûУһǣһˣˡ
½ĵʵǸҰð
ҵ˵ͷʣأк𣿡
½֣εЦˣҲǺġ
ǰŽңҷֽŹϣ½һۣ
ú򶨣Ҳû⡣
תǿʼѧϰɡ
ѧϰ⻰½Щˡ
㲻ѧϰ𣿡ǿһĿ
ǣѧϰ½˵ͷǡѧϰɣ
˵ǰʼͷӡ˵ģǹɵ
ŮѾܾûŵˣټϱգ̵ʵе
ܡ
½Ҳƽǰ񾲣һһȷ磬
ɴҲˣﻹֹţеѽ
ѽеȡͣҲһϧֻ˯£
Ѿ㱳ˡ
½ߴһɫΪزر
·һΡ
ҵѾѵˣĿΪ˺·
Ҫװ½ƨϾ˵̣һŲ
ϻҪͷӡ
һ½סڣȷ磬¶Ƭۻļ
ﻹֹţôôѽ㲻𣿡
һǵһμ⸱ģЩЦǿţͷ˵
аɡ
½ͷҿɴһۣûκηӦЩ٣
ߵһҲһСģ
ЩЦѾͷȷʵҪˣֹ֣˼
Ҽʱˣͷװ˵
ܳʱûСˡ
ĬƬ̣½šһ
Ҽװĵ˵Ҷ촽ʲôζˡ
½ͷűʣģȴЩӲ
~ ҳ̾һε˵߿кüءѰ
ѽ
½Сֹ˾䣺û˵ҡ
ҿαϣ˸˵Ӱѧϰ
Ϊʥѽ½һҾˣ
˳ƽ˹ȥЦ˵˰
½һ¡

½תͷǰ˴աҼ촽Өɰ̲ס
ȥҲûнǵԵʣֻŮӣģһǣ
紥һ㣬ֵġ
ô֣ӣ糺죬ҧ´ظһһ
ȻѾ顣
һ£𣿡
š
ٶȥһβǰǰ㼱٣Ŵ˱ǣ
ͷŮУһ
û˫ָǰŵסŮ
飬ֻỬдӲ䲻Ůȴ
Ůеɫۡ
½ɫԽ󣬱ϢԽԽҸɴ§סվȻһ
˴ϡ§Ǹһ󣬷ѹ¡ϵ
Ѿ߸𣬶Ů˫ȼ͹𴦡
ǺþûˡſĶߣϢ˵
šҲ֪Ӧ̲ͣס
Hһ°ɡҼҧסĶȵϢ޳Ĳϣ
ԭѩ׵ļӣɫ
½˫ȣĥţС˵ǻѧϰɡ
ôѧϰѽ˵գҽļѴ
Ůǡ
š½̲סһ
һһϴӦHģˣŪ
Żҡ
Ű㿪Цġš~ 
òH
á
ʲô
H. 
Уһǵ÷㡣

Ҵץͷİó·˿
½״͵Ȼ㡭ԭ׼ˡˣ
ѽ
ҽƷǰ˶Ц˵ǳͷϷ˭ϴˣ
ء
½üͷ㡭ôô̬ѽÿζҴ·
òǡʲôɣ
˵͸ʲôˣǰ͡
~ Ҫʹϡ
Ҳ½Ťһԣ˫ֱأˣСƢ
֡㡣קקĸ첲
Ҳ봩~ ½Եúܲͷ
ˣÿζ봩봩֮˭ˣһ
Һ衣
һȥ
½׼´˫ŻûŵأֱҸ˻ȥϣ
׺ݵ˵Уˣ㻹ܣղŶӦHˡ
½ңҲû˵·ѽ
ҺȻٴһǺü¶û
ˣˣȵһζһʲôʱˡҵѹĺܴҷ
һ£òã
½ңŰΣ˵һΡ
һΣ֤һΡ
ҼӦˣæ·Ьǰ
½һѿһ죺治֪ôáֱ
ħ
ЦƤЦ˵ʵ㴩·ҲУĸħҲԵġ
½߸Ьͷһ£Ȼվͬů
һֻʣһۺɫŮڿ㡣ɫ˿࣬
׼ﴩͻȻͣ˵ҪڿҲ˰ɡ
ʡ鷳
½һֽۣڿ۵Ů
ǰΪıȽݣҲôмһۺɫϸ죬
һЩĺɫëķǳɾࡣ
½ڴߣƽҽڣԽż⴦Ͼ
棬ֱСȴȻͬš
ۿŮ˿࣬ϲĻˡֻɫ˿
ϸ۵СȣϥǴȻŮվ߬סԵ
ȽϾţֱСŮȫС
о˿Ƶɫ˿࣬⻬͸Ůϸ޳ȣ͸
ѩļɫ˿£֣ɲӺǴȫڿ㣬
ɫëԾϡɼ
ƭ½˿࣬ѡĶǺɫɫ͸ɫ˿໹
һΡҵĸй֪ɫ˿һȽʺϳŮԣ
ĴŮŮԵζĸᣬׯִһ˿ԸС
½崿ŮϣȻһֺ΢ĸоͬ
˿ŮԸУҲǰ˿Ŀɰһ˵ĸоȴ
쳣嶯
½ĺɫװףҪϴͻȻһ뷨
æֹ½ɻĿң˵ȵȵȣȲҪһ
㲻Ҵ·𣿡
ͷ˵ҾŰɣǿԼϲ£Ҳ̫á
㵽ʲô˼
㲻ϲˡ
½ͷŪװϵĿӣŤ˵ʵɣҲǿȡ
һ·һҲûʲô¡
ҽװ˹ȻԭŵУ
½һ㶣ʲô߰
ǸߡҾţ㻹ǴУˡ
½ңʲô˼˵ûŮζֻ䴩У𣿡
ĶȥˣҾϾǸŮ崿ͻ
ƣ㴩ȹС·ĸо
½С죺˵˵ȥûŮζ
ûС㴩·ģͻȻˣ½
½ص㣬ûҪ˵ӡ
½ŽɵĿңԥƬ̣УϣȻ˫߬ס
ڣ׼æֹ˵ͱˣҾͦõġ
½Ű׵˶Уֻһ
˿࣬ԸеĽϣһǿҵķУȴָˡ
ϰʱģȻܱȴҲȫ͸
ϸŮϣʵСִδйĸо
߸𣬼֮ûԵʣӲķ͡
½еɬ֮䣬˵ое֣
쬵ġ
æ˵ܺãоܰڸУϣӣţա
ҲҪǸ˿ˣඪѽ
ôû治Ƕϧѽҵܻûˣ
˻ֻ̫ͣ½ֻˡ
ֻģҪҪ㡣һ˵ţһ߾Ŀǰ
һţȻһЧƬŮֱ桢ɬԸ
ؽһ
½ҵ֮£ԥƬ̣ϣǰ죬
ҹڴǰҺýǶȣɫ˿ڵСѾԼϸ޳Ů
ȣչֳ
ȻЬϴҪ¸㡣½ЩߣСתһԣ
˫ڵᱡɫ˿ڵϸȰһ𣬽
Ҫס䲿λⲻ֪ȴӳջЩԴ󷢡
ҹӰʦ񫣬˼֮󣬸оЩ̲סˣ㽫˯
¶ѼӲӲֱ½˫֮䣬ɫ࣬
۵Ůϡ
˫½˿Σ˿Ħϸ΢
ɳɳȻ˿ܹ࣬ظоŮ뽿ۣ
ʪ𤻬С
һ֮ҽŮ˿ȿڼͷֻӯ㱳
ƺеԣ⻬ۣᱡɫ˿ܹ࣬ؿ
ֺĲ£һĴֺԲֺֺϸͣ
˿ɳ£Բɰ
֪ΪʲôҾȻɫ˿ԣץŮ㣬ģ
Ӷ⴦ᱡɫ˿̰࣬ۻŮ㣬ǳ
˺ɶɵζ̼ҵıǹµ
Ұβסеһ£½Ǵһ㣬
Ҫųأȴ߬סɵֵ̬ѽ
û㣬ֱĴһڣȻ
СԲֺУɫ˿˱½΢΢һ
ֺܵſ˿Ľء
ͷɫ˿ֺ࣬䶺ȤƵŪţҧס˿࣬

½ߺ죬ҧָεεֵʲôʱô̬
ѽ
û˿Сţ㱳ţɫ˿
һˮաĽŵЩʪ󣬿ǽŵԵʣҽ
ĴһƷζŮ㡣
ŪƬ֮ץֻѾڿ䣬Ĳ£סʵ
˻˶Ľģ˿༷ѹӲÿһ£
˿Ħᷢɳɳ죬ͬѨһ㣬
䶯šΪ۷ڳӨˮΣɫ˿ϣһƬ
ʹ졣
½ߺ죬Ӳڴϣ̧𲱾ҧ´һ
ҡ
жѻĺܿ죬Ҹое̲סˣſŮ˿Сţǰһˣ
ѹ½ϡ϶¸ֻСߵͨ죬ڿڣ
ǻȵϢظϸ˿Ƚҵϣ
ʶĦš
ˡҴŴ˵
š½ص˵ͷ
ֱӣɫ˿༸ŵ͸
ûдڿ㣬۷ɼëʮֵۡ
ҽַŮ䣬˿ӣƵ½Ƶ
΢üͷ΢΢¶һѵĿɰ飬ټϵĸ
УҼͬԣһѨӿ˿ɲȾһƪˮ
գ˵ŮȻ顣
ҸоѾ˼ޣӲķͣ뽫˿ɲ˺һӣ
Ͼ˿࣬ҪǱʧ϶ԥĻɵҵ
ͷ˵ġ
û취ֻ˶Σ߬סڣק½ϵ
̧һΣ౻˳ʵ˴ȸ
ҽϸ˿Ȳһһ̧ͬʱǰ㣬
ɫ˿СѾҵؿϣѨȻ¶֭Һ˸˵

ĴָŸ߸ļӲѹڰ۵ϣ˶ͺĹͷ
Ħŷ۵ŮҪ½ȻһͣɻĿ
ӵ˵ӡ
ŷӦü˵ûС˰ɡ
½ңԥԥĽ˿ڴͳһݸ
ҡ
һ㶣ѾͷȻбû׵¶뵽ˡ
ҽ˹̲סЦ˳½ˣɴŤһԣ
Ц
ҽϣ¶ϣһ㼷Ţ
ŮѨ죬Ȼһͣͷ·֬һ㣬˽խѨڡ
½ˮĴ۾סŵҡѨؽ
Źͷ䶯ţˬʹһ£һ͵ǰͦ
ͷ࿪۵ŮѨǻݺݵضڽ۵ӹϡ
~ 
½͵һ˿΢΢ţＷһƿ
Ľ
ûн½Ѩøխˣеñ飬̲ס
ôô
½˵һ죬˵͡ǽѽ
˿ұסŮ˿ȣʼĳ鶯Ѩ
֭Һߴߴͷδεףײġ½üͷ
壬˫߬Ťҵĳ壬ÿһ£Ӿһ¡
š߰šš
½Сѩ׵Ĳ಻ϡ
һ˼ʮ£ϸ˿ȣڼͷ΢΢ǰ
㣬ѹŮһHײġžž졣
šѽ̫ˡ̫ˡ
½üͷ壬С΢ţ˫ֵҵؿڣܵš
ҲûˣҲУɫĴ̼
ңԽԽͣԽԽ죬Ŵʵ㲻𣿡
ššе㡭šܲˡ
Խô˵ҾԽǰ㣬Ĵѹؿϣ
ë֯һ϶£ֱ壬Բɰ˿С
űҿڼϣҡΡ
ôʱ䡭ûбҸɣ벻룿һ߸һߴŴʵ
ššѽ
Խ꣬½üͷ˫ֽرסҵСƨ
ҵĳһ̧һ̧ģȴʼղϻشҵ⡣
˵벻룿ҽһͦͷѹס⣬һꡣ
~ 롭ᡭͣһ¡
½һġ
ʲôʱҸᱡ⻬˿ȣʼ塣
ѧУšҲ롭
ʲô
š㡭Hźߡ
ƽ㣬ôH
¡Ӱѧϰš
ǲ̲סˣ
ššѽһ㡭ᡭš͡
ǲǣҴ䣬˳ȣžž֮ڷڻص
š
ǡǡ𡭡šŰ㡭š㡭
½Hüͷͨ죬䶯ţһܵС

ʱֹͣ˳壬һЩϢĻᣬȻƨɣҪ
һ½飬ϵſ˴ϣУԵʮӷף
ȴ͸ഺ棬⻬͸ɫ˿ڴȴԲ۵
Сƨ𣬿ѨʪʪŢһƬ
ץֻ˿СḧţۣƲɳɳ
죬̼ҵĶĤ
ҷԽԽ̬ˡ½СĸſڴϣϢ˵
ǻһֱHұġ
ҵһĽǶȣͷѨϣڡһ¶
Ѩڡ
~ 
½һֻһ룬ǻͿʱ
ѹˡȮһ㣬ſϣСѨڷɿĽ
ššŰ
½˫ְڴϣͷҧ´ԺβҡΣ˿
衣
ҵ˫˿ظţʹĻ贩
ɫ࣬ſڴϣŷԲҸɣǸһʲôѽ
һͷһҴһϽ˦Ϊлң
ӴͦѨڷͷδεףײ۵
ġ
ҪϿж֮ʱͻȻһұܵΪ
ˣŵҲȥ
ͣ˾䣺˭
磬ң㿪š
һԭǱˣ˿һ»ָHɣһ߶
һ
жˣ㿪һ¡
æһ
һ˵һײ̵ͦŮԲΣ½֧죬
ԼʱĻͷңʾͣ¡
ѽ~ æʲôѽ㿪һ
˵æôô¶ѽ
˫ְѩ׽µ⣬ӿHٶȣʱ֭ĽѨ⾷Σ
½˫죬Ծ©ء
㻹Ҫð
ˣˣ
˵Ƕѽ
ϣϣ
ڱĴߴ£ͦѨһ͸ɣײ½Ҳ
ѨһҾΣҺӿҲͲס͵ض
ѨҺӿ
Ҫð
~ ˡ
ˣʲô

йƤһſ½ϡ
                                δ

 2.8 
ʰϣ򿪷ʱѾȵúܲͷˣС죬мģԿһһµǽҺʵôôòſѽ˰졣ұЩ꣺ôô۶ѽɳֻҪſڡ˭֪ôòſšƿߣ½ҲڣЩ⣺ѽɩҲѽš½ով߳ϺδȥԵЩ˼ 
ſϷҶƼձ½ɫ˿࣬ƵһۡæǰһѶ˹ʵ㵽ʲôѽͼ鿨ͷ˿࣬һĺɡ 
Ҹ½ոŴϷƸ꣬²ΪΣҽƵһߣҵķڴҵһͼ鿨ơ 
һһ߻ͷʵǸղʲôأѧϰ˵֮󣬡须һϡ 
½ڴϣ̾һԹÿζԴǸ˵Сӣ¡ǡѧɡ½һ࣬˴ϣ˵ѧʲôѽӶɢˡҲǸղŸɵЩ̫ˣ½С廹ܲˡЩⲻȥߣЦ˵㰴ĦĦ 
𣿡 
š ½ſڴϣ˫۽գ߽ 
ʱֱ졣 
Ҳͷʵҵˣ㻹Ҫʲôѽ磬¸˵һ¡ãػŵˡ 
½һʵǸҰãҵ˵ͷšֻŵӿűߣʲô¶ŵû˵ȴ޵ΪʲôҪôʱ䣬ϾͿѽһʱ䲻֪ôֻܺ˾䣺ұ죡ȻŰŵ 
˵ 
ϰ˵粻ˣԼ취Է׷ȥЩ𣿡һͷ½һۣͷ˵аɡ 
ŵʱ￴һۣЦ˵ɩӰɣǼġ˵գ˻֡ 
½æֱӣ⡣ŵߺ˿ҲɵЦʲôѽΪ㣬˴ħڿ﷢šĿѾﵽˣӦʵˡס֣˵һȥˣ԰ɡ½룬ͬˣһݣһͬ¥ 
ڳʱ½Ȼʵ˵ĿѾﵽˣʲôĿѽ𣿵ȻҪиѽһһڻص 
ô𣿡 
ʲô˼һͷʵ 
šоĿûôܾҡʲôĿģҪ𣬰ǼҲˣҾͲ֪ˣֱֻңûô򵥡ʲôֱŮ˵ֱ½ͦͦأԺ˵ 
ЦôŮ˵ֱңܲܿ廪ҲҪֱܻش㣬ܵġҲǶ棬ļҲû¶ʵ˵ҲеȻŵСּͥͦģԣʵЩ˷Ĳ£Գﻹ¼͸ʱըһ˵͸ˡ 
ش׷ѾˣС¶֣˼ˡ½еʮ־ȣʵʲôʱѧ᳴ˣҰѧġ 
½ҵļһЦ 
ʵʲô˼ 
軹˵ѧһЩأˡҾ˵Ķԣ㻹ǶѧһɣҪһ޲ȥˣҲڶӦ䣬½̧ƨһš 
ʢõһ룬׼ͳȥʱסˣŮͬʱңٴЩĿ⡣Ҷ룬ɨһȦһʱ䲻֪ȸ˭ˡ 
ɿת½ǿˣ˵Ӧȸģ϶ᱻ˵ɫãȸŵһˣȸŵϲ˵Ͳһôˡ 
ԥƬ̣ԼǰŮɿңһŸʲôѽԼʢѽҪźѽŮſʼʢȻ緹밲ŵȽϽۼֿ죬õСӣس˻ΣŵûʲôӦȴﳤ̾һٷҪԵķѾˡ 
Ȼʢ극˭Ҳû˵ˣײ죬ЩΡƬ֮½ûһ˾䣺˳治ѽǾͶԵ㡣вˣû뵽ŵĿײһԥһ£˻ȥЩ˼½һЩȻ氲ŵһЩ 
±ˣݵҵǰҰһۣԼûѽҲѽġ 
̾˿һЩԵ㣬Ե㡣ŵЦ˵磬㳴óԡһûǻ˵˾䣺óʲôѽ̲ġһ£Ĳָ˳ʲôѽ㲻Ӳ׷ˡҲֻ׷ѽְѲ˸˻죺ҪڼҾͺˣͲ˳㳴̲ˡ½ʵȥĶ˾üˡһһ䡣 
½ҧſӣʵǲӲ̫ѽе㲻ãθءŶѹء̸˵ҪȥҽԺһ¡Ťͷʲôʱ򣿡üˣӦǰ̳ǰ¶ɡ 
ͻȻ˼ϵǸΣҲ֪ôģĪһ˿ܲĸоʲô飬ûʶġ 
˼֮ʱŵͻȻ˵磬м㡣ʲô£һؼһЩ·ɡ 
Ŷȥá 
вУ˵˵һȥͼݵġһ㶣Ƶʵʲôʱ˵õģոհ 
ոʲôʱ򣿡 
ովǡ˸Сʱǰɡ 
˸Сʱǰ˯أ˵õѽǰɡˡ 
ͷСֹţ˼¶ϴӦҳȥʹСеġҿЦõĿ˵Сô£˵᲻ģӵĴѽ˭Դˡߡ ǱҴ£оڣһۣҳ˭ĴףĴװˡͻȻźЦⶺǲǾżһˣõλòˣˣҲ˸ãǽˡߵһ˵˾䣺˭ϡ˵㣬ϸˣôСƢѽһۣ˼ҾСӣҪܣ̲סЦаɣҲ⡣ǰǼСһȫ˶㡣ͻȻֶ˸ã϶ˡǱ˵£ĵ˲ϣȦģȥˡ 
½бۿңЦ湻ûġЩЦãͿСЦҲû˵ʲôѽʳ޲֪ѽ㻰࣡ã˭ܽˡ 
ŵڶ棬ɵĵͷԷʼû˵һ仰̾˿ң˵ӣý˵Ŀ 
콲İһ޸ԼŮڼұӣӺŮ裬ҩɱ 
½ߵ⵱治ˡͣȷʵˣȻԼŮ֡˵֮ҺȻ飬ҲԼĸˣʲôأ 
ޡ½ҧ˾䡣 
˼֮У붼û룬Ÿͣԣޡ˵һ£Ťͷ˭أ½Ҳˣָŵ˵ѽŶŶŶԣޡҸЦΣİŵֻͷſӣֹͣһһ 
ʵôˣ 
ŵѹЦЦûʲôšȻҾе㷴˵Ҳʡһת˵Ȼȥ·ⱱȥͼݰɡ·¶ͷ˵ɡŶУʱˣҰȥ緹Լ㱱ȥͼݣȴˣСԣ˫ֱأڴߣ˵ʲôҲߡ˵˵һѽкУ˼š 
½Ҫؼҵģ˵ؼҲѧϰһȥͼݣΧҪȼЩ½룬Ҳȥˡ 
ͼһֱصʱķ֣边Ȼˡ 
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôղ裬ȻЩƿҷţڴߣüͷ۾ֱ㶵ǰݲ԰㲣Ǵ󲡳һ㡣 
Ұۣ˹ȥСʵ裬ʲôʱģû˵ûһۡ 
裬ɫ̫ãǲӻأޱ飬˵˾䣺ȥԥƬ̣˵裬Ҫٸɡȥɱ䡣 
̬ҼȺί˵ʲôںקקҵĸ첲˳ȥʵ赽ôˣһ˲ô˻Ƶġáô˵飬Լ̬ȵת䣬ĸеһ˿Ǹ֮󣬾һµͷǻҲȥ룬Ҳȷϣ̬ȣȴƫƫӡ֤Ǹµͷ 
صңҴ㶵ǰһһĻ飬Ż£Īıŭذ˵ҪȥҽԺЩԽԽ¡Ҿ޲ˡ 
Դӻ֮һֱԼڷɱͽȥġֲ¿϶ȥģе㺦ˡ 
ҵɱռţҹڿɳϣȥôҲ˯šڶҲû˼ѧϰɴȥŵ· 
Կǰŵҵģ򿪷ţһɳʪùζ˱ǶϷûס첻ͨͻˡҲû˼²۱Թķ¹﷭˼·׼뿪ȴԿת 
ˣ뵽ǰŵҲˣ漴㽫뷨ƷԿˣԼԼˡ 
Ƭ֮󣬴Ŵ򿪣һʮˣ۾ģҺҲһ㶣ܵһصңʵ 
˭ôģ 
Žġһ˻ҪԿס 
Կ״Ķģǣ˭ѽ 
ǡҹǰŵĴ󲮣Ҫʵʵ˵Ȼŵû˵ǱߵļǷѾ֪ľû𣬶ȴʵ˵˳ͱˡ 
أ㵽˭ѽԿ״Ķģ˴ 
ŵҵġ 
ŵüͷɵĿңŵʲôϵԿ׸ʲôѽǰŵѣˣҸ˼·ˣЩ⣺أĶأ˰ŵϵˣǰޱȵ񣬾һ·ӣҾ·ģȻظ绰ɡ˵ߣæסȥ·һ£˵ߡ 
Ȱѻ˵ˡ 
˵ˣȻص绰ӲҪߣһѰסҵļ򣬴㰲ŵĶأҲˣҲ֪ɿСӣʲôѽôţ㻹ѽҲԸͷӲⴳһƣ˼һˣĴͷĳ˹ȥСʱɳϹ˲ʣҲûֵʲôˡһʼҲ֣һŵϵˣͲһ͸˴һˣͦͣһͲʲô֮ھӱ˾Ǿͱɳ 
һˣŵұܵ㡣ϵǣȻûдҡ񾯵ĵ£ͰŵĴ󲮴˺ͽ⡣뿪ɳǰŵѯʰŵ䣬ؿһۣ˵㰲ŵϵ㡣ϳ֮ѵңԸʹϣۡСֿѽһۣû˵ַҺٺЦ磬һ仰Сƨҷһһ˴ܣǲǾرˬѽûҲûܣȶֵġû˵ĿϱĮֿʼĥ飬̲סʵ裬ǰĶȥ˰üͷ΢壬Ťͷһۣʲô岻ãԵĲãθַˡԼѧϰɡұһͨ䣬첻ˡǰʱò׸Ĺϵֱͣӣؼһ֪ʲôԭɾˡ 
ԭҪ̽һ£漴һ룬ôҪӵˣģڱҵƣֱ޵ݣҪ޸ĸ֮ѺۣǼǲܵˡ 
ԣ²ǲģһȥ֤붼ȥ롣 
δ˵ʵ첻˵ʲôأ֮УһӾȻЩ·ڱ˸Ϲϰտ쵽ˣʲôءһ쵽ЩеûеģúѧϰǸõˡ죬û˵ 
ֲ˾䣺ЩӰ˵ģĶҷѧϰȥŶҴӦһ˵ 
صҺ轫ŵе̸֪ЩʲôϹҲʣ۵ҡ˻һݺݵصһۣвʵָ˴ˣڡšһЦһ̶аȥôһ͸˴һܡѵ˰ɣ㶼ˣۿ͸ø߿ˣܲе¶Ҳˣһ쵽ˣе¶ɣգҲòμӸ߿ˡҵѧϰɼأòġ 
û˼죬Իȥˡ 
Ͱŵʮӣ֪ЩʲôӦǸ󲮺йذɣû˵Ҳûʡ 
ͻѧУȥˣû˸䣬˯ɳˡֻиҹڴϣӱƵķȥôҲ˯šΪһʱôĴĺ󻼣ÿ㹻ǿһŮˣͱˡ 
һҹֲ迪ġֱ峿¶ģѧǰվǰ֣µ˵裬Ҿˡеƣʣʲôˣ˵Ҫ廪 
趢Ƭ̣䲻˵˾䣺ǾͿɡҼæ˵ģҪ廪һֱ˵û룬ûϽ¶ˣҪ廪һҪ廪г徢Ǻ£ҲøԶмＸԼҪһЩȻô˵Լһ£Ķ֪Լжء˵ʵҲرҪ廪ֻķʽʾһڹľġ 
ҿʼ׿һƴȫͶ뵽ѧϰϰ֮С 
ҵ̬Ȼǲ䲻ȣҲ˲ôˣˣٶƤҲ޷ֺĸ֮ѺۣΨȡúóɼϺôѧ֤ҵĻڹľġ廪£ҿġ 
һնֵĩڸϰоڿʣȥˮȵķ֣边Ȼվһԡ 
裬ôһǹʲôʱҾȻûз֡ 
趢Ƭ̣ʵȦͦصģǲûϢãаɣҲ̫ġȷʵȱ˯ߣʱһ˯ˡ 
ѧϰҪҲӰˣòʧһҺûʲôͻȻĹģЩܳСƵͷЦ˵ˣҹͨϷ㲻ʲôû˵վﶢҿҪתѧϰЩΣ̽Եʵ裬¶裿Ƭ̣˵㲻˵Ҫϵ˴һ£ʡʦʷרҵͦġš 
üʵôˣ 
ϸ£ǶԿͦȤģҲֻҵȤ֮һҡһǾĽ飬ѧ̹ôָıˣ 
¶ɣͷֽҰ紵ɹģȤһͷˣ˵͸оˡϸһ£˻ǲʺѧоⷬƺҲûй˼ʵôѧ̹ˣӰɣڹ˾У绽ӣ˺ӣҲһΪһλŮǿˡһ㶡 
ҸæĿڣǲǣΪһĸ߶ʿװġƤЬ߸ţͷһֿۣʼ˵˵ˡŷӦæԼ죬ü̾ô͹ܲסءһ쵽ĺ˵˵迴ԼԼҲûֹһʣÿѧУ𣿡Ǹ˵廪ѽ 
ΪڿЦЩ˵أϸģǹûУѽҪΪ˿廪һ첻Ҫͷ 
裬ǲǾҲܿѽ 
Ƭ̣˵£ӣֻҪѧϰһܿ廪ûʱˣѾǸ°ѧˣϾҪ߿ˣѧҵķôãĥǹĥĶѽǶʵһЩĿɡ֪˵еѾţǼˣ͸ħһһҪ廪 
裬˵öԣһһԣҪһɹأҪһʧأʧ˸ 
Ҫ˻أ 
Ǿһֱ 
輱ˣǳӽأôҪ廪ˣҲ֪ΪʲôͷҲҪԴȡԭ£迪ģҲΪϵǴ𣬽еҳͷʲôֻжĿ꣬ͷǰҸеһЩ 
裬ȰˣһҪ廪ġ軹˵Ұڰֵ 
һҪϰأҪû¾ȳȥɡ 
죬һ̾Ϣת뿪ҡҴƬ̣Ťͷϰ 
һֽˣ˵ȱˣȥתһȦɡţû˼ 
ıЩӣĮִһ˿ϧüͷ˵⿴鲻˶Ҳǲеģȥɢɢɹɹ̫Ҳ˵ˣûôʱˡµͷд˾ӡ 
㿼廪ںһʱġȥȥЩ̾˿Ƭ֮󣬺Ȼʵʲôӣһ£˵졣أ 
С 
ֵա 
ŷӦ 
ߵ㲻˵Ҫ׼أЩ˼ŸϰˣˡҶ˸յ⣬ȥȡɡ 
֪⣬ԥƬ̣˵ȥɣĳ鲻Ӳһ㶣Ҳ֪˵Ǽ٣ͷʵĶû˵Ķ㵽ȥȥ趼ѻ˵ݶˣεվͷ˵ȥȥȥϾȥվݸңȻ˵㲻æŻȡ˵ֱ֮ȥɡַҺ󣬽Ҹϳ˼š 
ڲĵ㣬ʱ仹кܾãҲæȥȡ⡣Ŀĵڽй䣬оЩЦǰѧϰѵôѧϰˣȴֱ¥Ҳ֪Ϊҵ彡롣 
ԽҾԽΡ 
һֱ䵽룬ȥȡյ⣬ȻǰõķꡣϰգһЩͬ¸Ƕף˸ŵһŲ룬˼ͥ۲͡ 
ǵһģڰﱳ˵ʡһͱˡ컹ϿΣ٣迪ӹġ˰ᣬߵҵ˫ֳҵļһģһ١ 񾭲ǰⲻҪһȫǸ߿ûʲôʺЦ 
ұ鵭Įüô㣬˭Ƿ˰ٿǮƵġû˸λҲû˵ƲƲ죬 
ôһġһȦ˹ϵĵ⣬ɵ۷Ź⣬Ťͷʵ裬ܲȳһ飿˵ֵյ⣬ֻûء֪롭ܲףһ¡費ͷֵĶŵ⣬оˮˡҶ˵иСӣǸġиСӣһһһ˷ݵС⣬־ϲʵģרŸģҾ֪˵϶۲ٺһЦллˣ񡭡硣һ²۵ƽʱ񾭲˸ͳˡ̲סЦ裬ȴͷתһԡҲ⣬Ц˵û񾭲˵硣˵꣬һĳ˵⡣ 
һϰִŰŵˡŵ࣬ѧȥˣѧ֮ϰ˳ӹġһˣҲ躮ѣԿϯˡ 
ǰõĲͣһ֮󣬺ܿͽˡȲĽϣȻ˵ơ 
һֳո裬ϰ˸ԸȻ󽫵ϵһ¿֮󣬱Цʵ֣ʲôԩŵ˵˾䣺˵ͲˡһۣҪ졣 
ϰЦ˵Сϴѧѧϰŵŵ彡ǵ裬ģȫҺͺҸ̲סЦǹ̰ĵģһôԸ˵һһΣһ㰡˵Ҳû涨١һԣȻ󵹾Ƶĵƣϵĵϣʽϯ 
ϰǽԡ 
Ʊ˵ǰְֵģաǵİְ֣Ϊңҹͣææ⣬˵ޣûйҲпְ͡ҡͷЦ 
ǵİְ֣ԸŰ壬ѭؾɣͨ飬ڵλô꣬û٣ҲûƣȲϱ˼ҵİְ֡ǡ軰һתϰ֣˵ûǰְֵ֧֣ûĹûǰְ֣СҪతٶٴ򣬱ҪٳԶʳŵŵҲΪǼͥһԱûǵİְ֣ңһļҡ軺Ʊףǵİְտ֡վһ˵ףְտְֵ֡ĿϻɨĵĶϲ£ˡмˣ򸴺 
Űְ֣˵Ϲףտ֡һƱײ޶ӶЦϳҸ΢Цҵζӳ£ʹԼΪһʱЩǵļͥ 
ҳüø첲ײһ£ʵôˣϰգüģ಻ѽϰҲҵʵǲ岻ѽûûûҸæ֣ϣ֣ףഺפףһһͷϡϰִЦͬһ±ӣȻ󽫱а׾һ͵͵زȥֻɫ糣δΪҵףʶ 
žٱ˵֣ףнգн񳯡ԸһӵСްϰֿĵͬ۾ƺ˸⡣ 
һֱɵһԵİŵվٱ˵֣ĺܿҰ֣ҲܿĴܹң¸ܵ˼ͥůŵŵϰֺ𲻿ĵ£Ҫ 
ŵ˵ǶǺˣˣļˣܿġ֣ף³ɣҸԶϰͬһ±˵ŵŵǶһˣôġšŵ˵ͷҪ£Ȼʲô˵ 
֣ựȻ֪һϲһҪϲǡǴұһͷˮ΢ЦҵȻֲԤУҪֹЦ˵ϲбˡ 
    

           
ϲбˡ 
ô赭дһ仰һ㣬ֱ졣ٿ裬
Щ⧲ĸоɫɷףǲסĳ鴤š 
ϰһãȻʵʲô˼бˣ 
˵ȥһӣŵ˵ 
ϰŤͷңʵ˵ʲô 
Ťͷһۣ˫ĿԲŭңؿھ
ʶԼ˵ˣæͣҡҡ˵˵
ûһ滰 
ϰֵһۣô˵õûȻŤͷʰŵô
¶ 
ŵһķʵư̲ǻǲбѽ
ҲŹϲǵѽ 
У㰢̻ˣϰֽͷת裬ãȻʵ㻳ˣ 
˫ۣ΢΢ĲţòɤӣװһЦ
ӣһˣô֪ 
ϰɶĺУȫͷˡ跴ʰŵ˭˵
ˣ 
ŵգŴ۾һ޹˵Ҳµġ 
µģ 
ǰǰʱ䰢̲ҿ̵Ŀڴһ
ɫϰҾͺһ£а 
аϰֲʵ 
԰Ҳˡ 
ϰŤͷңҸæ֣ûϹ˵ 
ϰת裬ʵаʲô 
һƽ˵аʲôˡ 
ûУ 
ԵЩͷü˵Ƕ೤ʱûǡһС 
ϰ죬û˵ŤͷŰŵƺѯɡŵ
գŴ۾һ޹˵ǿǡҿ˰ɡ~ 
ǰ׸һˣһΪҪء 
ǹģǹģ½˵ĹȻûһʼû
ģĺԼˣΪʲôң 
ϰֽƬ̣˻ȥ齩ӲЦЦǰ׿һ
ԷɳԷɡ 
Ȼô˵ķӦЩ쳣Ҷܿóϰֿ϶Ѿ
˻ɡ 
һãȻ֪ʲôƵģ󿴿ҳɵ
裺滳ˣ 
ϴһƣԴһԹ޵Ŀң
ң 
Է˵ 
ĽŤһԡ 
뵹˳֮Уֻаŵڼвˡ͵͵
һԵ裬򶨣ַϥϣճȭ΢΢Ĳš 
ԥ˰죬˹ȥס֣ҪһЩο
ȴ˳ 
ܿģָֻ˳̬ƱЦŶԴ˵һᣬ
ǿջϲˡףǰְտְɡ 
Ƿ׷׶ӣףϰտ֡ϰЦŻؾϵЦѾ
ղŴͬˡ 
ϰֵɶԣֲϲεĵнˣյⶼû
ôԡ 
ؼҺϰּװʲô¶ûɳϿӣ
ѧϰһеһУƺûʲôͬȴһֺ΢ĸо 
ص֮ҳû˱ңŵڴߣͷ
ֻһѽקݺݵصʵ㵽ʲ
ôѽ 
ŵСԴһ˵ʲôӣʵʲô
ֻ𣿡 
ҵŭ𣺡ٸװ⣡Ϸʱ˵ǻʲô˼ 
˵ʲôˣŵװͿ漴һȻı飺Ŷ~ 
˵ҹϲϰֺư¶ѽǲһΪưֻС
أԲŹϲǵѽ 
ڸϷҼģһʱ֮䣬ֲ֪η
ҼӣЦʵҶ˵ˣҲµġҲ´ˣ
ջϲһ˽㣬Ҳʧѽ 
ʧƨһ֮£ѿû¶ɣʲ
ôã軳иʲô 
ŵں˵˾䣺¡ 
㡭 
ҸҪ𣬷졣һȶһת򿪷ţ
ԭΪŵϰ֣û뵽վŵľȻ衣 
㲻ѧϰݴСеĸʲôأһõѵ
 
ûʲô䡣 
ݿȥ 
ҵͷ߾صԼķ 
ʱڼסһҵķ䣬ſڴϣͷֻ
ֻѩСѾڰգһһεģС 
ǰһţĶ˼ѧϰȻŤͷʵ
ŵΪʲô˵軳ˣ 
ô֪ϹҲµ¡ 
Ҿǹġ 
һҵȻ֪Ѿͷǹģͦ汱뷨ģ
ôģ 
Ʋ죬ߵҾƻ۰Ĺϵ 
ôƻģ 
Ҳ֪ҾôŵģҲﵽԤڵЧѽ㿴
ǷӦ°Ͷˡ۰˱С۶ǵǰʱ䣬
Ƭ¶ɣǲ˹۰˵
ͣһ£ȻЩƬòǰŵĵİɣ 
֪Ƭ¼ĺչҲû˼⣬
˰֣˵ôѽУСӸϽ˯ɣһ쵽Ϲ
ˡ 
㲻ҲСô˯ 
̾˿Уȥ˯ҸϰҲμӸ߿ 
ߺһЦ˰ɡ 
ǰʼͷʼɶϷ顣
˵ûѾͷô϶ûģҪƻϰֺ
ϵ 
ǰʱ·Ӧֵ˺аĶ
˲ˡҶԾˣĸ
Ƶģ϶ͷˣֻһֱᣬȫ
棬˳ 
ԣĻˣô֪Ӳϰֵأ 
ҵͷ˼Ƭ̣ȻˣǷ֮У϶
ͥϹˡϰִͷβһ֪ӣټ
ڵΪ˲޶˵롣ֻҪ軳еڴ
ǰǼ٣ϰֲɵġ 
ѾͷΪǺͱ˺ӣҲ
籱˵ЩƬѾͷĵģٲȻε
ʱ˵©죬֪Һ飿 
ͷһŵҺëһ亹룬
ҪǱŵ֪ˣҾĺˡ 
ҼȺְûڣƴôԼͷƵʵʲôأ
 
ûţҪҰŵһģ̽̽ڷ硣Ҫƿķʱ
ͻȻ뵽Ѿͷĺܣû׳ĻٰҵĻ׳ˡ 
ңϸ룬ﺰ֣ҲֻΪ
ĸѣ֪Һġû¶¶̸
ƳʲôǿŪɳ׾ˡ 
ԥһ£ʱɡ趼ûھ͸ܼˣ
æûϣҡ 
ȥ̸һ̸һʱ̫ˣ¶Ҳû̸
û̸ 
ϰֿɫ糣ڿɳϿ˻ӣϴһ˯
ȥˡҹɳϣ˼룬ôҲ˯žŶ䣬ϸ
ݵĶϰֺûгܡһ϶ģֱ
ʱ֣ҲԺ˻Ȼȥѧˡ 
ǰһ˼뿼廪ȫϵ飬ϰ
ìܣѧȥˡ 
Ϸѧؼңվشһ¼ĶͦģŻ
Ь˽ȥϰֻûѧУˣŵԼڳ
 
ҷԥƬ̣߽˳вˣߵԣС
ʵ裬ҪҰæ𣿡 
Ťͷһۣ˵˾䣺òæݿȥɡ 
ҼҲû̫ı仯׼ת뿪ȴסˡ
ɻͣĲ˵Ťͷңʵ㶼ŵ˵ʲ
ôˣ 
ʲôҲû˵ѽ 
ǰŵΪʲô˵һˣ 
ıӣͷü˵Ϲ˵İɡô֪
ˡǲǣҵ˼ǣĻˣҲûȷе֤ѽ
ֻϹµġ 
ۼüͷһ˫۽ɢź⣬Ҹо
ԼԽԽˣæ졣 
Ƭ֮Ȼʵϵ¶û˵ɣ 
ϣɵ˾䣬漴ӦæĿڣûûû
ôܸ˵ء 
趢ңĬ֮ҧأ˵Ҫ֪
ˣûˡҸɴ౧¥ˡ˵˵գĲ˵
ݶ˰ϣŵʹһ顣 
ֱ䵽˼㣬糹Ǻæ˵᲻ᣬ
Բᡣ 
辯֮󣬸ϳ˳Ҳ֪ôģͻȻָо
һϵˣͬһ¹شܣﾹȻое
ġ 
漴뵽˰ŵҺ鱻֪ˣĲ롣
˺裬ֻܱһ¥ˡ 
ְӦֻ꣬һֻǾ֮
һϳԷͱ쳣ˡԣĬĬԷֻ
еӻ 
Ҳʱ͵͵ŰŵѾͷɫ糣ʲô¶ûһ
úܣѾԭα¶ˣҪ֮ͥУ
Ҫҡ 
ؼǣﻹһöʱըʱұҪ
취ŵС 
ϰֵʮһŻȵġҸһ
ϰģһֱǿԼûһͷԵ˴ϡ 
ûбԹ׼ϰЬϰ͵һץס
۾ֱضĸƨƣҲû˵ 
̲סʵôˣܣ£ 
㡭ˡ˵꣬ϰִ˸á 
ʲôѽһ˵ţһ뽫ϰְشϣϰ־
ţﻹ˵ţ㡭桭ûˣΪʲôΪ
Ϊʲôҡ㡣 
ͷһۣû¶ˣݿȥɡ 
ҡšһתߣֹʱϰ˻ǲ
ˣ 
ûУڴϡ 
ź󣬻ϰֺĽкұŵķ̸
̸ԥƬ֮󣬻ǷˣЩһ仰
˵ 
峿ϰ־֮һߣһ߳ͣһ߿
ֻ糣ȫƵġɫЩ
㲣˯Ӧòرá 
ԷʱҲûʲô֮ϰϰ࣬ѧѧټҲû
˵ȫûյĺг 
ļ죬ϰҹ飬ȵÿλֳ֡
ֺȰûаԹԡ 
ϰС֪費죬ᱳ̲סǷ
롣ĸһʱǽⲻˡ 
Ҫֲ֪ͣǺãξңҪ
¡ 
ѧҸոմ򿪼ţﴫϰֵ 
˵ɣǰʱ㵽Ķȥˣ 
糣ĻصѾ˵ܶˣȥˡ 
һ飬㵽Ķȥˣ 
Ѿ˵ܶˣҳȥˡŵĻҵͬ¡
㣬СܣС򡣡 
ҲʣһͬºƭңΪҲ֪
ǹ˾ˣ˼ұ˵һڵļ٣ѹûϰ࣡ 
֪ʲôѽЩˡ 
Ϊ֪¥¶˼Ŷ壡 
û˵һЬĵ˹ȥ˳ŷƣֻϰ
ڵȥڴߣһݡ 
˵ɣ㵽ȥĶˣϰֺȻͣʵ 
ͷƬ֮󣬲ͷ˵˾䣺鲻ãȥ
ˡ 
մӹλȥΣôаϰŭʵ
˭һȥģ 
Լ 
Լƭ˭أ˶ɵˣǰɣϰҧʵ
ǲǻˣ 
ûС 
ǼǲȥҽԺ̥ˣ 
ûУ 
УҲҸҵҽԺȥ 
죬û˵תһԡϰֺߵһɬ
Ц˰ɣ 
̫Ѩվߣϰָ 
˵ɣ⺢˭ģ 
ûкӣ賯ϰֺ 
ӱˣȻûˣϰֶͷ𣬳ŭ 
񾭲ӲҪߣȴϰһקס첲˦˼£
û˦ѣŤͷ˵֣Ҫȥ 
ҲҸȥҽԺ飿ϰָŷȴķվ
ڹƣĺʲôأȥ˵꣬첽
Źϡ 
վ⣬ͦڸĸܲζҪȥȰ⣬
Ҹ棬ջǷˡתңŵſţ
ȥֻڴߣͷֻԵãﻹŻɡ 
һ˵ܵ⣿ 
ʲôŵ͵̧ͷһɻʵʲô 
ҰݳܣһҲ⣿ 
ҸҪ⣿˵ţЦȻˡ 
ȥһ⣬סˣۡһϡ 
ϰֺ賳ĺܼңҵķ䶼ĵҲû
˰ŵ֮⣬ҶﶼһҲû˼ˡ 
һصˤΪ뿪˼ңȥһƣ
ߵľȻϰ֡ 
ڴߣؿھΪնЩ졣
ŵ˹ȥСʵ裬û¶ɣ 
̧ͷһۣĮ˵û¡ȻߡΪ
ҲҪߣܵʵ裬ȥĶ 
عͷͷ˵˾䣺 
ϲ쵽ʮʱǰžӣȴŸ
ԸŵѾͷѾԭα¶ˣԲʹֵģұٴ
ǰ취ֹҡǿ须ƵȻⶫ
ûУǸδ֪ĴڣҪںʵʱ
ƺҲϴˡ 
ҲɵøеһҴСҸоôһСѾ
ͷƬӣȻһҲûˡ 
ҿ˼ڤ֮ǣﴫӦϰֻˡ
ԥһ£ıʣ߳˷䡣 
ϰֺȵģҡҡλεߣҸæǰæ
ȴϰһƿָ裬ﺬʵ㡭˵ӵ
˭ģǳܵģǡǸܵģ 
˵˵ʲôѽüͷһ壬ŭ 
ҸϽǰȰ֣ʲʣҸˮɣ 
𿪣ϰٶȽƿȻָ˵ǡܲܡ
ҵġӰɣ 
ʲôӣûкӣ˵˵ˣȥֱ
 
ҡ㣡㡭ҵɵӡûˣͻȻ
˺ӣҵģ 
дίߺޣҧأؿھϰ֣û
˵ʵ裬ǰȥҪ˵ȴһŭ𣺡
죡û¶ȥ 
֪һС˵죬ϵ˵˳
죬˵һԡ 
ϰִ㺰ʲô𣿡ҡҡλΣָ
ʣ㡭㡭ҲҷģûУ 
˫ֱأ۾ͨ죬Ϣأſڣȴֹͷ
תһԡ 
û˵˰ɡϰַһЦӶᣬһƨ
ϣȻصĿҲʮֵĿҸеһƵ
ۣûڲѡ 
Һȥϰ֣ûоܾǷ֮󣬺Ȼץס
󣬿˵Сƣ˵ô£˵ˡ
˵㡣ǲǡ۸ˣ㡭Ըġ 
۾ˮȴǿŲڱϢת
һԣٿϰ֡ 
˵ϰͻȻ 
ʵ˵˾䣺ˡ 
ϰѪ죬ˮ˻ߵĴһҹͬʱ˫
һӣĴ衣 
֪ǺεȵίⲻĴȴ޷¶ʵԡ
ŶͷƬ̣·תȥҸæ׷ǰʵ裬
ȥĶ 
ЬҲûһۣ˵˾䣺չ֡ȻҲ
Ƶ뿪˼ҡҪ׷ȥߣףڣֻ
ӵʹࡣ 
صŰְֶڴϣһϰ˰뱲
ӵϺˣȴΪԼӵһʱ̰÷ѣǱԭ
޷֪ 
תһĥʮǰҲϰһʱûס˹죬ŵ
һЩϵе顣ѭѽ 
ϰߣһҹ峿ϰٴʱֱǸ
ȹŰˡӦüǵʲôûгȥѰ裬
ʶûһ䡣 
ѧУ½Ƿȥˣ½˵ûСһ죬
Ҷȥѹû˼ѧϰϻصңһˣû
һֲֻ̻ӡƽڼ˵ң
ʱҲֻʣ°̾ˡ 
ôججĹһڣҴͷɥĻصСſʱ
ŵſԴ֮Ҿûٸ˵ȻѾû
ʲôˣȴסڼﲻߡ 
Ӱŵ߾ŵȻ׷Ц˵
ؼҡ 
һͷһۣΪʲôȴֲŵҲûӣЦ
˵ˣڸ۰̸ء 
̸У̸ʲô̲סʵ 
ŵЦ˵ҾͲ֪ˡǷּҰ鰡֮İɡ 
û˵꣬ɱؼҡֻϰֺڿɳϣͷ
ϱ䣬˭Ҳ˭ǰ輸ϰһű 
裬ˡʱûм裬ҵǼǵġ 
һۣûпһѯ״ϰֵһ
Լȥû취ֻܻصԼķ䣬ȴŴһ죬䣬
͵͵Ķ 
һļž 
ιϰͻȻ˵˰ɡ 
ãصûжԲ㡣 
ʵʵ˵ô£Ǻ˭ģ 
û취㡣ұ֤ҾûԲ¡ 
㲻˵ʵô㣿 
û˵ 
һĬ֮ϰٶȿڣ˵Ҫô˵ʵҺ
˭ġҪô顣 
軹˵ 
ϰּˣ㵽ʲô֮ô㶼ңô
𣿡 
Ҳǲ㣬ֻ¡ 
ˣ˵ˡϰִĻ˵Ȼ㲻Ը
ңǾ˰ɡ 
Ϲ 
Ϲ 
һƽһ˵侲һ£ȱ
̸¶ 
㡣ϰ߽ң须һˤϡ 
ڻָ˳ԥƬ̣ŵ˳ȥֻɳ
ԵһĮ 
ĵغһ衣 
ƳһۣûҡһǸ˵裬
𡣶Һ 
̾˿Ťͷʵѧϰô 
аɡĿƬ̣Ŀ˵رá
߰¶û취о񡣡 
ĬΣƽ͵˵߿ҪһοԣҲ
еһת۵㡣ܴ֪˲֪
֤߿֤˿ĵĻᡣ 
šҵ˵ͷ 
˵ЩʱǺܲͷģ֪Ҳŷ֣
ΪҺá 
ˣҲҪˣֻҪȫȫӭս߿Ϳ
ˡվĳĶ˵˴£µǹ
ģһٴӣŸոտʼͰɡ 
Ҽģ߳˼š 
ҵۿЩʪ󣬲֪ݴʱ飬˵ô
ȴδ롣˵öԣдܸģɷûʱ䷳
ˡ 
Ҳ֪ȥĶˣˣҲҡĻ
ܴĹص˸֮С 
ҹڷʱյһϢȻ跢ģ
һСʱȥƳƵ 
ӦĽѿ֮ƣʰһ£ǰĿĵء
һͼͬǴӷ˳ 
ɫСװһȹᱡĺɫ˿޳ȳ
ȣһ˫ɫƤͷ߸Ь˳Ů˵֪ԸС 
ֻȵеˣôߵĸ߸Ь·ҡҡλΣһҡҡ
׹ӡæǰû߽²ȣЩˤȥ
˾Ǹʲôܡ 
迴һֽۣƿ֪һᣬЩˤҸæӿ
ǰȥһѽס 
ͷңԷģͬ˵ˣҾͲ
ǳȥˡ 
˷׷忹飬ֻ΢΢һЦǻ˻֣ҵϣ
ȥˡ˲٣ЩΣûʶ 
ҷ裬ڽֱһ⳵ĵַһС
ӦסĵطӺܴ󣬵һٶʮƽװҲܺ 
轫ӵ輸ϣȻһбɳϡĴ
ƣʵ裬˭ѽ 
ġ 
һôķӸʲôЩơ 
⡣ 
аɣҲ֪˵ʲôͷһۣҵŵϵĺɫ
߸Ь˿ţèһбɳϡ 
ҺȻȾƵ׿ʣϽһˮ
İǰ 
贵һڣ˵ˣȥɡ 
һסôķӣ𣿡 
ʲô 
С͵ʲôġ 
бɳϣ˫ֶˮƳһۣ˵˵ʲôֱ˵ 
ɵǺǵЦҪҰ׳׳ɡ 
һۣߵһȹ¶ˡǸо⻰е
С֮ĴΣˡɤӣ˵Ͻ
ȥɡ 
УĹ˶Ӿˡĥĥſ˼Ť
ͷʵ裬һ𣿡 
û¶ʲôúڼѧϰ 
Ҫ¶أ 
¶绰 
Ŷ 
תת˴ǰţڰ֣裬
ˡ 
                               δ


          2.10
֪ס֮Ҹо̤ʵˡڶȥģ
跳ңһֱǿ̵һѧȲס
˳Щʵˮ߲ˡ
ûзӦ軹û°ࡣһֱȵϾŵ㣬¥Ϥ
ĸ߸ЬûġաԶͼһװȹ
˿߸¥ڡ
ı䴦ŵİﻹŹĹҵĹվڼſڣ
Щ⣬ʵô
¶
¶绰
ֻûˡ
迴ңޱʵʲô¶
ҵſڣһЦӢɼ̫ãָһ
¡Ȼŵϴ˵ϰԵĲã˳
Ҹ˵ʹ
迴ңһЦ͵ģ
ǰбҡ
֪סɴϣ˳·ġ
ÿ˵ţҰƵһԣԿ׿šųҸں
漷ֵ⡣
üͷųһ~ 
ȥֶסҵؿڡ
裬ѽ
賤̾һҸ˵ķúܣ뿴㡣Ͻؼҿȥ
ɡ
ôҲðѶѽҽĹߵ˹ȥԥһ
£˹֮ҳûＷæ̧첲סҵȥ
·
裬죬ûءҽȥԵ㶫𣿡
üͷ壬װһģһ˵һӲＷʹҼ
£һͷҸ˽ȥ
~ ӹѽҼװһĴιۣȲѡ
һۣͬһͬ˲輸ϡ
һסôӣѽ
һףһ߿Ϸ
ҺٺһЦҪҰ׳
費ͷ˵Ҫˣƶ죬͸ҳȥ
æϣã̲ס˵˾䣺ô󣬴ɨ
϶סҪÿɨɨ
òš費ͷ˵Сһ쵽ҹ䣬ʱ
ϰ𣿡
Уѧϰر档裬֪ζҹĿ࿴ˣ
ҡ
ûңңŹϣӦǻ·ȥˡҳû
桢һЩʳƽʱԵľЩˡ
һĻε˳ȼͳߵ
һӦȫǿģƽʱӦҲô
ҹƣΣŴףòֺ֮ʱ䲻ڱ
˵˾䣺쵼Ӳأ
ʹһ飬æͷֻ軻˵ɫļҾӷ˫ֱأ
бſϣޱĿҡ
ϹЦЦȻʵ裬ûɣ
ûС
׼ʲôѽ
档
̫ûӪˡɣԵһ³ٷҲ
ɷ˵ĽƵ˿ȻԼʳģ»ص˳
Ҹϰѧһʱ䣬֪ϲԵǰְֳཷ˿
ʱʳġཷϴɾͷȥβٿȡཷѣŵϣ
ȻŲ˵е㷸ˡ
ϰ˵ཷҪô˿ţұȻ˰죬ƾŸо
˰죬еֲֿȡ
ཷ˿ôôأȻұ˵
һŲ˵ͷԹ裬·ôһ㶯Ҳûѽ
轫Ų˵Ƶһߣ˵ཷ˿ҪбС
бУҰסཷȻһ£Ȼһȥæֵ
㡣µҪ졣
ǲ̫˳֣һżɴཫ˵˹Լ
֣ɿһлһָ߲ңҪУҪС
ۿ콫ཷˣҸæ˵˺ˣһԡ
˿Ҫ˿ֿʼָˣͷŵ̫ˡ
̫Сˡ
㡣
Ҳͷˣ˿֮תƣ
ûרġȳȥɡ
豻ߣЩģҳˡ
뿪˳һϰֽҵķһཷ˿˳
һڣоС˸߲ҵصĶ׼ҫʱ
ڲ輸ɳмĵ̺ϣɳĳ档
Ҽˣôȳˣ
轫һ촽˵Ҷղ
ġ
ҽͰƿȻѳõཷ˿ǰЦ˵
һڡ
ӣһ˿˽ıһЩϸ΢
仯ҽŵʵô
е̣еϡܵ˵ζС轫ͷͣ
ߣϸƷһȻʵֽģ
ǰ
ûֳĺóԡ˸̵ĽְۣѷͰŲ˻
ҼˣôֳԷ氡ҳôѳ԰
˵˾䣺ҲܹԲѽ
չˣʳˣеˡ
취أƳһۣʵŸʲôѽ㲻ҲûԷأ
ôһ˵ϸеˣһ˫ӳʼһһڵ
ཷ˿ͷڳŻУԵ棬J̣һԳ棬
Ľˣﹾ죬ֲ˼Ҫ
ƺǿҾӴͳһͰ棬ݸҡ
˸߲ҵˮȥˡ
ҽݺãѾˣһԵͷֻԥһ£
ʵ裬ʲôʱȥѽ
һۣ˻˵ɡ
ǿˣҰ۶ôС˻Ƶϰʮˡ
ɫһ䣬ң˭ѽ
ҵæ죬ͷ档һ
ʵ뿼廪𣿡
šҪҾ˵öԣʱ̫ˣϣ
ٸϰһꡣ
ôûŸ¶ˣģ뿼廪ǰ
úѧ㲻úѧ֪˰ɡ
úѧɼ¶ô࣬һһһһ
ģĶʱѧϰѽ
ƳһۣЩ¶˭ġ
룬˵Ұ֣Ҫ죬ûаŵˣûаŵ
Ҳûôˡ
ĺһͷֻˡ
ҳ󣬿ɳԣ˸áϢһ輸ʰ
ɾȻͳһӢӣͷ
迴һֻϵʱ䣬˵ʱ䲻ˣϽؼȥɡ
ͷ飬һŻص죬ϿΡ
Ҳܴ̫ˡ
һתЦôӣɳҲ˯һ
ˡ
̧ͷҪ˵Ųԣ˵⡣
һۣƬ̣ʵĵⰡ

ȫѽ

дӣһֻϵʱ䣬Ѿʮһˡ˸
һʰһ˵ûؼˡ̫ΣˡнٲƵģֽɫģ
˴µġ~ ΰ治á
ˣǻˡϾ˯ɳϰɡ
ҹƵóѣٺһЦһԾɳϣֱӣĺ

ݸ˸ͷһëӵϣ˵һ
Ͻؼҡ

Ҿ˯ɳˣҲںﻹ̵ġ
峿ȥ࣬ʱѾ׼ˡ
㵹ڿ졣Ҳ֪ǲңҶûˡ
òʱ˵Ȼҳȥ£ؼȥɡ
ô磬ؼҸʲôر𷳰ŵ뿴ͦģ
Ҿѧϰɡ
赱Ȼ֪ǹҽڣһۣҲûԣҾô
ſڣſڲ輸⣬һдͷʱ
ֿ΢еңҲûʱҾɡ
Ҫ˵ڼҵʱرԼҵĸһ
ɨоرо깵Ľ䶼ϴһ顣
ȿʱˣһЩʳģ䱻Ҵɨĸ
ɾģЩ⡣
ɨģ
šƵ͵ͷ
˭֪ǵû飬ЦеûţúøϰΣ
๤ˡ
ѧǻѧˣûǡ˵ţ
첲ȣȻһչ˶
軻ҾӷߣҸں׷ʣҪҰæ
𣿡
ͷҲأ˵˾䣺Ҫ
Աߴ֣øѧѧա
ͷһۣ㲻㿼廪ˣ㿼¶ˣ
֪ʲô˼ƲƲ죬ԹԵĻؿдȥˡԼĪ˰
Сʱ˶˵˲輸ϣ̲סץһ鳴Ž˽޵
~ Ȼζ~ 
Ҫȥץÿֱ͵һ£ϴȥ
Ȼۣﻹͦģƨƨߵȥϴ˸֣Ȼߣ
һþΥ͡
裬ĺþûгԵķˣóԵҶˡ
ҵĹάûκηӦЩƨĵϵĸо͵
ȥ辫µϻŵױɫ糣ȴ㲡ҵ
һ¶ʵʲôʱؼѽ
ͷԷûңѹû
һ˵ôһֱһ˹ѽ
һ˹Ҳûʲôõģ徲ģҲû˷軬Ūֻ
˵
ǡԥһ£ͷСʵҪǸҰˣ
ܸܲһѽ
̧ͷһۣԥ˵㶼ʮˣԼɼˡ
˵ˣҴôһƿӣôļѽ
һ㶣æʣҪļޣ޸˭ѽ
ܵôһۣͷֻ
ǣҼˣžһ£ѿӰϣ˫ֱ
أĲϳԷˡ
ЦϣˣүƢˡһǲϳԷ˵
ˣġļޣ޸˭ѽ
Ҳѿڶ޸ѽҺǻڣЦĺܲ
ʱˣ׳
緹һ硣һ緹ģ˵
¶ֱӰͻؼˡ
ϰϰ࣬ѧУֻаŵһˣġŵʱ
ųţûˣϸһﴫˮ
Ѿͷϴ衣
Ҳû⣬ƼֻڴϣȻǸ֪Ƿ
Ƶԥһ£ʱ˽ȥ
ֻĥһ롣Ҳ࣬ϰֵ֮⣬ʣ
ֻҺͬˡֱһ£ûпеѰˡ
ҿ˼ڤ֮ʱȻŴŴĿɰɤ磬ڸ
ʲôѽ
̫Ϥˣһæֻӵϡתȥֻ
ŵſɵļҾӷͷʪģɢڼϣΧëƤ
ۣţƵģŮԡ¶
ôô죿ϾйҾЩŲԡ
ʲôô죿ϴ𣿡ŵЦŷʡ
ҪΣȻװµĴ߹뿪
ŵȻ˾䣺Ƶ𣿡
Ȼ֪ˣҲûҪװͿˣתɴ˵ԣ
ҾƵĶأ
ŵֻ˵ôҪĶôֻء⿪
תݵǰЦ˵Լ
ҵͷһֻ˵Ķˣ
ŵЦЦҸҪûʲôô

ŵĴ۾һתС˵һ¡
ԥһ£ǰȥŮķۺɫ촽ӣ꣬ˮġ
Ҽ֮ʱȻס°ͣǾСŤ
һԣЦס
תҪߣŵʣǻŮ𣿡
һͷʵأ
ŵ΢΢һЦû
һǼҲ䣬ңǲǻŮ
ŵڴ˫ְڴϣȣЦ˵Ҳû˵ʲô
ѽǲǸ𣿰ûС
˵һ仰ʱ΢΢΢Цдʮĳǰ
һ߬ס죬ָô˵ҶУҪǸ裬
ҾԲ顣
ŵС棬ˮĴ۾һգһգģûһ
˿Ŀ־壬Цʵ
ǰܽǸкӣҿԴƣţ
ƫƫǸŮ
Ƭ֮һɿʵ㵽ʲô
ˣΪʲôҪôһ𣿡
ŵЦÿңûлش
ĺЦ⸱崿ɰʹһĿɰ
֮£һεսթĶħһͽëȻ
˵˾䣺ǼҪɢˣһӸûꡣ
𣿡
һӡ
ǸЦģɲ֪ǷҵĴƼ۾
һ˿ѹת˲šɲôҶĻˡ
֮ҸľסܣҾſڵţ
Ҳ绰ػؼΣʵûˣ˰ԿףҾ͸
ȥˡ
һϣ￴飬ϰϢ˽վҵԣ
˰죬ԥԥʵ⼸ǲǾȥǶ
šûͷϡ
衭ôϰĴ
գ룬˵òôã㲵ĲСҲ
Բ÷˲١
ϰһ˿ۣƬ̣̾һ죬˵ʲô
û˵
ϰìܵ飬ҪǸᣬôҲⲻ

֣ҪҪʱˣһȥ￴ɡ
ϰֵüͷšģ̾ãģ˵
͡ת뿪˷䡣
ᣬѾˡǲܽʵ˵ģϰֵԸ񣬺
ѿÿġ
ǰ㶵ĳֵز˭Ĵأǰ
ŵĴ𣿺ǣֲȫǡĴһûСǰְֵĴ
𣿴ڵ죬˰ŵҵĴҲǰɡ
죬żٻؼң˵ҾǱܣҪһȥ
ʵڱòˣ׼һȥҪţ边ȻŽ
ˡ
־ϲһ裬ˣ־ŲԾֻ
˪ðؽҧһֻŭ˼µĴޡ
裬Ҹ׼Ҫȥء
δ䣬Ѿ̤ߵҵǰ첲ݺݵس
һ⡣һʹʮɾҵۡۼڴڵ
Ŵһ˫Ŀݺݵصҡ
ԼԼĲµ跢ŭԭиеһ񺮣ʶŤͷ
ŵķ䴦һۣŽգûѾͷӰְ춯
˳
衭ΡΡĿ衣
裡ŭ
ɵˣû跢ôĻӲĲš
ϰҲ֪ʲô£㶵Ŀǡ
Ƭ̣˵ҽ
ҵš须һˤסѾ˰
׼ӱܵͷ̧ۣСĿ衣
ͳֻһƵһŵѹ£
ŮĿУǿн˴ŮѨ֮С
ҵֱ죬ƵȻĴڡ
ҽ𣿡ޱȷŭ裬һʱ
飬޴룬֪Ǻá
ֶֻ̧ҵһƣݺݵصңؾ
ŴʵʲôѽƵǲ㣿
ǡҡҵ͵Լˡ
㻹ʲôѽΪʲô跢Լܴ
ְ˵һӲͣ
ҵֺףۣüͷίͰ͵ؽ͵
ҵġʱҲ֪ѽ
ѽһϹһľ֪ѽ㻹֪ʲôѽ
ͨ죬ָңҧгݵ˵
֣趼ҡǵӴĶû߶ˣ
Ѱң˰ҲûҵֵĹߣɴѸ߸Ь
һֻ˿ţŸ߸ЬЬԴһʹݳ顣
۵ġ໡ֱУȴûĴԽԽ
һߴһֱʮӣͣһѶͷĺ
飬ĵҡ
Сǲ
ûСԴſǻҰ
ȥ˵һ飬в
һֻŴŸ߸Ьһֻ˿ŵŽżڵϣ߬һֻ
Ьƽһ飬˵ǲһˡ
裬ɱô˵꣬޽
㻹ƶ죡ңҶһϱĸ
˵֮贩߸Ьת򿪷ţϰֺͱվſڣ
Ŷ͵һһԹԵÿһ·
ߵɳԣһƨ˵趫
ϰԥһ£ԹԵ˹ȥƳһۣ˵
Эù
㡭ǡְЩˣһʱЩ޴ˡ
㲻ҪԸҲûˡϰֻ
վŲһȥѽ
ǸŰ
ţ
ϰռһͻһͨŭˣҲ
ǣҲǣһʱΪѣ֪Ǻá
˽˰죬չȥſǻʵ裬Ҫʲôѽ
û¡ҪôݣҪôȥ
ŭŵֱȴֲҿ޳ί
ҧ´ΡΡվһԡ
һţŸճƼŵվҷŴ
˫ֱأſϣһ²ؼӡһʱ䣬
ӿͷ첽ǰȥûӦ첲ʹȫ
Сݺݵظһơ
һִ죬ǵѪ˳ͷһ
ҲԣǿĿҡ
Ȼһưһѹյŭй˳ǵѪգ
һЩۺͲ̡
ͻȻôһףѷڵ˶ŪˡƬ֮ϰֺ
ȻСʲôأ
ϰһߺһ鳯˹һûüͣȻ̧
Ҿһƣã㣿
ұ򣬳ǰϰ־һƣ趫ƾ
ʲôҶӣ
ϰּ첱Ӵֵģ˶΢΢ţΪʲô
ҵŮ
Ҳ֪ŮԼŮ
ϰֵɴ˫ۣĺӣ˭ģ
Ҳ㣡һӶġ㲻Ҫѽ
Ƭ̣ϰֳŲӴһ룡Ȼ첽߽ңҳ
Э飬žһ£˲輸ϡ
붼û룬߹ȥʣ৵ǩԼϰԥһ
£һۣɫһҧҲǩԼ֣
ǩ֮ʶǵĻѾˡ໥ŶԷ
˭Ҳû˵վһԣ㶵ĿǰһУûʱ
ǰֹͷŰŵҧгݵ˵˰ɡ
ŵַȥѪգֺףûκα飬
˿ʤϲá
˱Ŀ֮⣬˶ĬĴԭء֮
Ȼ˵СͱҹǸŮڳռ
㡣ϰ˵
衭֡ίĿ޺
˵ʲôޣʰߡһ
ȥѽ
ŵһƬ̣תߵҵߣźһ硻
ͷظһ£˵ʰȥɡ
һص˼ϴ·ԼһЩϰϣȻ߳˷䣬
ŵɰվҺߵһ˵ټˣ~ 
ҹ⽫áҧĺء죬ƺҪ˵Щʲôȴ
û˵
ߵϰǰ˵֣Բ𡣡
û¶ϰ̾˿ſ˫ۣסңҵĺ󱳣
úѧϰȡѧУ
ְ֣֡һĽʹоԼ̫Բ
ˡ
ֿϰֵңѾǸˡӽԺҪչ
軹бˡ
֡Բ𡣡ҵֹסϰҲһᣬ
Ҽġ
ʰ˶˳Ȧģסĳšϰֽ
§ڻο˼䣬Ȼ裬˵ȥְ
˰ɡ
Į˵ɡ
һվڿԡκȥҺͱ
ϰ֣ȥ
                                 δ
. 
Һͱһͬصⷿڣ迴ɫ糣һ·Ҳû˵
ʲôȻҲҶ졣ȻǵһĴҲûй
¼ҡ 
ܴⷿҡޱָűߵķ˵ס
ȻָбķԱ˵ס䡣 
ͻȻ䵽յģʲôҾҲûСȦģ
û߳վſڣһһġ 
˵ϾͻѧУˣȽһ
Ŵ 
ȻʲôҲûʲôһȰﱱ
ķ䡣æ֮󣬼վڷſڣ˫ֱأĮĿ
ҡ 
϶ҹԹԵվǰȴŭϮ 
ûж֣ûңֻĶ˵㲻Ҫ廪
УӽԺʵʵĴڼĶȥ 
ŶҹԹԵĵ˵ͷҲʲô 
籱ҪѧУʱ޿ģҲȥο
ֻܱ˱һЩ 
ȶûӾ鸾ŮһЪ˹
ķ֮У绹רȥ˳УЩʳģһӵζȣ
һҲǻոŮ˸¶ 
ܸԸйذɡ˰뱲ӣ鶼бš 
˷Ҿڲ輸ԸϰΣЬӨ㣬
˫ȣбɳϣϸָֻɫ糣 
ô򶨣Ҳ֪ǸøˣǸõġ 
ɳϽһҹ췢飬һһ
ȥģôҲ˯žһֱ룬Ҹɴϴһ֮
¥ȥˡ 
֮ҽ˱´ʩڲ輸ԣĵšԼĪ˰
Сʱˡһĵϸϸϴˢ磬ֻ
ΧĺȦԵЩƣһҲһҹδ߰ɡ 
ͣһۣû˵ʲôʼһԡҵ
ͷĥţǲӦ˵Щʲôοοأ 
ûҿڣȿˣ˯ûУ 
Сҵ˵ͷȻܲʱ˵Ĵ˸Ƿ 
бһۣ˵ӽԺ󣬾һˡ 
šһеĵ˵ͷ 
ǰҲ˵ˣϴѧ֮Ͱȥˡڴ֮ǰҵø
ء 
ĻЩζҲΡΡķĿӣֱӣ
½ 
ҵķ䣬㲻 
š 
ķ䣬Ҳ 
š 
СȻһ˫ĵĵۣؿңҧ
ǴƳģ˵һ飬ҪǸҾ㡣 
⻰Ŷ졣 
ҵͷС˵ģãҾԲ˺ġ 
ŵã 
Ȼָ˰ŵǼ顣üίͰ͵˵裬
ҵʱĲ֪ãΪǸԮģϡͿľͱ
ˡ 
ã㲻֪½أŮ㱳ŮѸ
Ůһô£ 
ԶԣΪλңͣͷ 
һ쵽㾻ʲôɫ˼룬ûпǹ˼
ܡ¶Ҫ֪ˣǰƤɡ 
ﲻɵذ˵ģ½֪ˣ
һܺŪȥҪذ֪¶ǻѰˣ˵
ҲõƤ 
̧͵͵裬ʵұܵŶ
ذ̵İ 
һۣߵһһ˵¶Ҳ
˵ѽ 
ְŵǵĻ 
˼ңһҲûа 
æͷддд 
Ƭ̣ߵѾͷ治Ǹʡ͵ĵƣԺָ
ʲô۶ء˵ţƳһۣ˵Сӣһİ
ܵĲУһѾͷƬӸˣת㶪ѽ 
ȷʵϣԼҲе㶪ˡ 
ӽԺ㲻ٸˡǳ 
æַģһ˵ұ֤һӶٿˡ 
̾˿û˵ˡ͵͵ش裬ڳӳ
£𪾫µӣǸһɴ쳣˵УȻ
񵭣ȴ˼ƣ 
̲סʵ裬ҪҰѽ 
ɫ糣ڻص뻹 
¶ͷβһᣬ취Ϳˣˡ 
ôѽбۿңЦȥ𣿡 
ûӿڣ̫ƮƮԼΪˣЩ£ôܸϰֽ͵
ءϰ֪ȥ˵Ҳһֲ̡ 
̫࣬ûҪˡˣң
дڵıҪ𣿡 
Զԡ 
緹Һңͬһϰѧȴѧ
ٻʱѾ絽ˣӦڳæµ輸Ϸһ
ӣȻӡ֣֤̽ 
ҵһĪһĪꡣѧʱ
ֿܣûȥϰʱڣͻȻʧ𣻻
ϰΪһʱʱ⣬ȻһЦ 
ϧѽչֻ 
߽ͷΧΧȹڳ̨ǰæµšҪ
ο䣬ȴ֪οڡͷƼң˵ˣø
æ֡ 
Ҽ鵭Ȼɫ糣ʲô鶼ûһ̨ϰ
㹽Ѽ⣬һѵʳģҪһʢˡ 
˹ȥϴϴָָ֡ˣ˵Ѳˡ 
ְæ۾ȴ͵衣貢ûеĿԹ
ЩȻа룬ϵ飬ѹ̫
ˣϰʱһЩΣ޷˵˷ֵ𣬷
ظ 
ɡ룬˵Ҳδһ
¡ 
ǣһеԪףϾТӣ˵ףҲ
Ǹ 
ҵͷһԲŤͷһۣʵʲôüģ 
ҿЦҰˣѵҪЦ𣿡 
һЦˡ 
濴ÿ 
ѲһҪ԰ҩɱѽ 
Ȼɣ̬ܾŹֵֹģоƽʱЩ
̫һڵﲻһ˵ 
ĸӶڳ峴ըæòֺ֮ʱˡһ
㶣裬һۣ˵ȥŸʲô 
˭ѽҺɵʵ 
Ų֪ˣʲôѽ 
ҷĻ˫·ϲ˲ĶĨأ
ϴ·ǰɣ 
ǰ߶ֻŷֱ泩
ֵߵߵȥţ˾Ȼذ̺½һӡ 
㶣æӣǽ 
ذ̵װţǰʢˣΧſתһȦ˵
ôӣסǸš 
½ڻĻɻʵʲô˼ѽ 
½ذһۣ˵˵Ҫףػɣ
ȵ 
аɣҾллˡҿЦһ˹Ҷ
̫Ϥͷţͦģʵʲôѽ 
ⶼ֪ѽ㡣½һۣ˵
ϲˡ 
һ 
½ɻҸʲôѽ 
ûʲô񣬽۴ 
ذιһȦ˳ȥˡ½
ɳϣл졣 
ָö˶˵ģôͻȻ˰ 
赭д˵Ҳ˵ٸеϵ 
йϵ飬ʲôϵ 
˵Ҫ磬軻ķҲ
ǸҲûкǶ鷳¶ˡ 
ˣ˵Ҳס 
~ ½ΪڿЦ룬ʵ᲻
ǸҰйأ 
šҳƬ̣ͷϣйء 
Ҿ֪½˸ָҾ֪СѾͷûġ 
ʱ躰ҹȥæҸϽ˳ķԸ
˲ˡ 
ԼĪ˰Сʱ翪ʼذȾƱһ£Ц
˵ϲػɣ֡ 
޳ѩ׵Ĳоһذʵоô 
ЦЦ 
ûôĸоô 
ĿվƱذ̣ʵ㵱ʱʲô
о 
ذ̺ߵһЦҰоʹѽڲźǸ˵
ˡͺˮ±˺ܾãһӸˮ棬˺ôһ 
ƱЦ˵ԣ࣬Ҳָ
 
ʵɣ˵ˣǼǡѽڲٽǼҵ
ˡ趫ˣ߯ûˣֲ˵ֲЦġΨһŵ㣬ʵǼ
װģ滹һ˽Ůذһߵһ˵ 
~ ʱˣ˵ЩʲôˡɬһЦԼ
еľƣһ 
˵ǰķĹһ飬˵ֻˡذЦ
Цʵ㻹ᣬƯҸһô֤
趫ǿٱ 
һ⻰ЩżˣӦæ˵ôõ
ˣذôûһѽ 
ذ̱һҭģһ£Ӳûô̲ס
͡һЦ˳ذ̲ˣһۣѵ˵
СӲʲô졣 
£иж 
ذ̵һۣ˵֣ˡһľͷ׮ӣ
òһƨһհӣԼ졣үʡ
ġ 
ôһ䣬ҵͷ½ңֻ
һЦҼװ׶ĵһۡҪ˵ҲҸ˭ƶ죬Ǿֻ
һˡ 
˵ʵֵѾܲˣǰǿˡ 
û뵽佱ңʢϵıӣЦ˵裬Ҿһ
 
貢δ飬һۣʵ㾴ʲôҲϲػɣ 
Ҿ¿ģԶ 
ߵһҪңû׼һ¿ģԶء 
˫ֶžƱ˵ұ֤ԺҲ鷳ˣҷġ 
졭~ Сҷˣһعɡ
Ȼô˵軹ǾƱһ¡ 
裬˵ģҷԽԽˣԽԽˡҼ
һĲмæ˵ǲǣ 
½˸ۣȻ˼Ƭ̣ͷ˵е仯
ѧĽȥˡ 
Ƶĸæ˵֤ 
ذЦô¶Ҫٲ¶Ҳ»ˡ 
½ҪؼҸϰΣԵĲ౥Ȼȥˡذ
ߣǺȾƣ죬һֱֵʮ㡣 
ȻپƺȵͦģʵһҲͰѡ辭ȥӦ꣬˵
һ¶ûУ쾹ȻЩ΢ˡذ̣Щ
˵ģһ¶ûС 
ذ̺ѾЩͷתˣǲ޻ƵģƮƮ
ģվվˡҷ裬صһݣͽֽ
һƣ˵ 
ҶµĹأæ˵ 
ǰѩӣ͸Ө£͸ŵĺɫ
͸ƻȻЩɰ 
趢Ƭ̣ߡһΪȶˣֲ嶫
ˣæʣ裬߷ˡ 
ϲҡҡλε˼ͷң 
Ķѽ 
գ辭飬˵Ӧֻ֪꣬
Ľڶѣڽųĵķơ 
ֱϣ֮θɫ԰סüĿһ
ĲݡòҲ֪ëַˣҸæȥһЩ࣬
ůůθ 
һ磬趼ήҲɳϣűֻû˼ˡ
żǰ˵裬ȥҽԺ￴ɡ 
á˵Ͻȥɣùҡ 
ˣһʲôѽ 
뽫קǲҼˣһƨߣв
ҪǲȥҾš 
費ͷ̾˿ݣףҵͬ£һǰ
ҽԺ֮ҽ˵Ϊ̫ȶθڣټ
ƣ̼θճĤġֻҪܹ泩ֹƣٳ
壬ҩƣܿͻ῵ġ 
صϢȥˡҰЩС࣬ԼĲ˲óԣ
嵭Сˡ 
Ҷҷš 
ʲôڣʵ 
ͷ 
ɡ 
šţҪ͵贲ǰģ׼ͻȻ趨µ
أָ̧˻ȥڴϣһۣɻվ
ſڣʲôأ 
˵ҽ 
ɡ 
ҽȥİ 
費ͷ̾˿ġ 
˽ȥ͵˴ǰһԴͷϡ
ڴͷ࣬ڡ 
оζôСʵ 
šн 
УԺ 
ȥ㰡 
û˵ƾգϰһȢһ
绨ء 
һֶ룬Ҩһ࣬⻰˰գ̧۶ҡ
ҸоЦЩˣæͷתһԣΡ 
ŰΣʵ㻹ʲôأ 
ġ 
ʲôÿģȥ 
ҽ𣿡 
ûվš 
Ҹоеǿʶˣû취˭ǰȨء 
죬ҲϣΪ谾˸ָθ࣬θ
Ȼתȴ޷Ȭ 
ΪտϢһϣȥɢɢ
ɳϣһҲ붯ȰһߣܻʮšҽҲ
˶ġ 
ɳϷ˸ţճ극˶θˡ 
극һСʱˣţͲθܰ 
˫ֽ§űоȻЩζ 
šǾ³ѽ 
 
Ƭ̣ɳбһۣҿǷˡ 
ѽΪáⶼѧϰʱ䣬ɢˡ 
ĥӲ֮£ΪѵĻݻһ·ů
贩黨³ȹһ˫ƽ׵Ьɢ£бڼϣ
ǳᣬ֪ԵŮζ 
~ ֳޣĶƯѽ 
졣費һˣ߳˼ţҸæȥ 
ɢ˲٣һ·Ҳ˵ĳǰС
һš 
оЩΣҸʲô⣬ϻӣȻʵ
ѧϰô 
ţҲаɡ 
ſ廪أ 
ԥһ£˵裬и¶ء 
Ťͷһۣ˵ 
һ뿼廪¶ʵ̫ˣһҡ
ҵʱҲˣţҪȻٸϰһɡ 
⻹ûأʹùˣ 
ⲻǰкҪһʱ򿼵òãһθ
ٸˡ 
ɫ糣ҲƲʲôӦҹϿˡ 
ǰһƼ·ΧһȺˣֽкãզզġϽǰ
ŷ֣ԭڡ򡻡 
һӷףͷϴȭͷ׵Ľ׳ӣڱһȭ׵
ϺᣬԱߵдţʮԪӡ 
ÿһȭ˾Ϳŵĺһˣ֫
ȷǳ󣬿Ǳ˵ӡԽԽ˷ܣΧۿ
·кá 
һȤȱȱ˵˾䣺߰ɣʲôÿġ˵꣬
תǰߡ 
һ׷ȥʵ裬ҪҲȭԣ 
ЦëҸҪȥˣ 
Žѹѽҽ˵ˣΪãŵµθʡ
Էйһ£滺һ½ŵ 
һĮҡͷ˵һҲţûʲôѹҲˡ 
Ҹ󣬳ĬΣԥԥʵ裬Ұ飬
һҲܣ 
ʲôܵġ 
Ҿţе¶Ĳ緢йȻܽ⣬
Լһ㡣͸ղǸͦõģʮǮӣʲô
𶼷ˡ 
͵ͣ½ŲŤͷңҪɣҸһٿǮ
ʮӰɡ 
ңܿ𣿡 
ҵȻİĵĲˡ 
ȻڿЦЦŤͷǰ¶ȴ
ˣؼ֮϶һɢõķ£ȭ
ס 
󣬿˹ϳԷһҽ׷´
ԲģһֻܣԵʮֵӷסȭף·һŤ
һŤߵ 
ˣüͷһ壬һʵǸʲô 
ߵǰȭ׵˹ȥ˵˵һٿǮʮ
Ǯˡ 
۾գգģðŷӦʧЦë 
˵㻰⻤߶ˡ㣬ң
һ˵ţһ߽ 
һۣȭˤϣ˵˾䡺񾭲תҪ
ݡҸæ׷ȥץס֣˵һʹһ 
תЦõ˵ǡþû㣬Ƥ
 
ԶԶԣҾǷᣬҾƤˡҰɡ 
豻Ҳʵû취ˣҵָ£ȭסң
ЩãȻ˺ð죬ͻȻ˾䣺ô򣿡 
ҲЦôмѽ 
ϾȻ΢΢һ죬Ƭ̣ǰŲŲںüƣȻ
ĳϴһȭΪͷףһȭȥĦˡ 
ʹ㾢ѽ 
ʹôʹоеأͷԡ 
ƽʱôҵģѽ 
룬һͷһȭоûʲô
 
裬ѽҳ衣 
ʲô 
ŭ 
ŭ 
ԣϸ룬ϰ飬дϰֳ죬ˣ
һ˽ŮˣӶôֵ¶ˡ 
˵ˡ 
ö˶һûˣҪͷϣ˶ίû
͡ 
ɫЩˡ 
Խ˵ԽӾǸ쵰Ǹ̬˴ͷһ٣һ
취ûСˣû˵⺢˭ģ 
˵ˣһϺݺݵһȭҸоһᣬ
ûعζһȭ 
ȭŶˡұĶᣬʹ
ȴеޱȵ 
һ󼲷֮边ȻſҵǰصĿһ
ʹԥã˫۽§סıϣġ 
ԽԽģؿ 
 
 
 
תۼ䣬߿ˡ½ʡʦѧԺҵĳɼȻԣ
ɼǲ̫ˣԸһ£¸һꡣ
ͬˡ 
Ҳûʲô¶ˣҽȫ˸ϰϡҵķ
ȽϲҽңҾûбҪļ£
ǰķ 
³һ峿ͺ軻ְҵװһɫ£
ⷭ洩һɫСɫһȹɫ
˿޳Ըеȣһ˫ɫϸ߸Ь 
ٳǰ趣ңӦ꣬еԼ취
һҶ︴ϰ½ˣ绰˵Ҫңϴ
ܾˡ 
һֱϰ賿ʮ㣬軹ûҸоЩЩðˣ֫
ͷ͵ģʵڶסˣϢ˯ˡ 
Ժ֮䣬Һ˸Σμһ߽ҵķ䣬
ߵϸ߸Ь⿪ӣѵƷ£Ȼվڴߣң
˫ֺ󱳣⿪ֿӣžԲԸеΣɫ
˿һᣬ̱ҵߡ 
ˮζƾϵ㣬Լ߽ૣ
ЩƮƮɣյģֲ嵽λʵ 
ֱ峿Ҵѹоͷκģе
˼£Ȼһ΢ĺ 
һ£͵ػͷֻſڴϣ󱳼ѩסӨ
⻬ϵ鷿ѹ£缷򣬴Ƭѩ
༷˳Բ̵ͦɼȣ
¶⣬޳ԸС 
ۼһƬհףȴеһ궯һһ
š 
ôҵĴϣ 
ƽһϸһ£͵طӦӦ
òΣˣѾңԲððʧ
ʧܽҵķѹ·ſҵԱߡ 
⡭еˡ

. 
͸Ĵɴսڣббϣһ
ɴ 
֮ʱ૰һ߽˸ӣҲڴϡ
䱳Өףź޳壬ͷԲ
£µβԲ̣ͦ˫Ƚһ˫㻬㣬
ְϸ壬벻¶ǣ̲סҪģḧ档 
峿𴲱ʹ󣬲һ㣬
Сͣͷֹ 
Уܿܿӣ 
æ˫ۣͣ 
һɾƾζԼ֮͸Ź㣬ǹ֮У
˸ӻʢ 
ã̲ס۾һϸ죬͵͵һµ衣
ԥƬ̣߬ס۴ıקֱǵѩ׵Ĳ
СָԾɴţ̰㻬ļ紥һ㣬һ
顣 
~  
һ߽Ǽһ㡣 
Ҫ¼ԷѽͣʮΡס
æ´ЬҲƵܳҡ֪ճ䣬ǡײմ
ı۾ԺĿңüʵʲô
أŻŵģ˹Ƶġ 
̽ͷ￴Ƽ˯ڴϵ裬æǹϣ˵
˾䣺ܵô 
һȴƼҿССɵһ糺죬
ߵһװµתȥˡ 
Ҽ¿ӣųʵҪܵҺ
ɲ״̬ʵں̲סֳԴ
Ļ档뵽ҾȻͬ˯һҹֻȣһ
Ī¶Ӳ𣬲ס̡ 
סߣ£Ҫǵйȴǳ
ִܾô裬ǶıѡãС
˳ݲݵϿӣ䡣 
ƽﶼͣЩ˵Ҳû𴲣
ֻ¥ЩֳͻϲҲȥ𴲣ֻ
б𴲳Է 
ƿ䣬յˬ֮ŵɫ˯£ֽŲã
űӹڴϣ˯༫Źۡҹȥһ£~ 
һè߽ǵûѣ§ĸˡ 
ˣˡá 
۾ʵĿңһĲͷԹѽ
˼˯ء 
ˣȻˡ 
~ ȥ~ ˸ӣӸϡ
ϲѿյ¶ȵĺܵͣȻű˯ 
㲻˵ȻҪͬѧȥ𣿡קקͷ˵
ˣҪٵˡ 
һ̾ϢͷüͷԹò׷Ÿ
٣һģƵģ㷳ѽȻķ´
ײһ£ϴȥˡ 
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԴӰ֮ҳ˼ΨһˣθȻ
ǲԾӵҪܵʲôǼŵӣ
ɵǰԼҪ߶䡣 
ϴ֮󣬴ʱǡҵҷŴ򿪣ͷ
ңһ˳ĸŮײ˸ţͬʱһ㶡
ãɻʵ裬ô˰˯ڸ
 
ֹ˼ȷˡ򶨵̫Ѩ˵սȥ
˵㶫˵գƿߣ·ʱбһۣ
ЩΣ죬˰죬ʲôҲû˵ߵˡ 
ҹѾµľˣԼģ
ϡ᲻ΪҳռıأϾйǰƵġ 
緹ʱͷ˵һ仰ҲƣӦǾ
¶ȽΰɡʣȻҲÿڽͣԵЩ˵ˡ 
裬Ҫѳȥ档Ȼ˳ 
ȥɡ񾲵Ļ˾䡣 
ҵǮһЦ 
һۣǸո㻨Ǯˣ㻨Ǯôͣʲôˣ 
ȥϰǶ˼ҹ¿꣬ġŮģ
ôҲø㶫ТТ˼Ұɡ 
˵˼Ůš 
ãһƴ£ҲϰֵСް 
㵱棬ɱô˵ѽ趣һ 
˵һҺƾʲô˵ѽҾ˵ 
ɫ˵Ҳȫ 
裬ô˵ءе㼱ˡ 
Ҳ˵Ҹֹ֡̾˿ˣ
˵Ҳ˵ס 
ÿζô˵ҰֵΪʲôѽ 
𲻿ĵÿ룬ѵʳ
֪ѽ 
Ƴһۣߵһӡ 
緹ݻϺɫװɫ˿࣬ϸ߸Ь
ҵϰȥˣʱ˾䣬֮ûκν
Ҳе㲻̫˼ɡ 
籱Լͬѧһȥ棬ϿΡ緹Խ
ǰְǱߡ 
ϰʱԼÿڣҪȥǱߴһ죬
Ҳùȥһٷ 
ӸѧУб£ߵձɫҶ
ؼҵĵ·ϣھʱȻǰվһϤӰŰ
ɫţж̿㡢˶ЬԭĳˣȻɵĲͷ
ǰбСεʮɰ 
ûǰŵﲢɺϣҲǵһˣÿػ
ܾ׼Ԥ⵽ҵж·ߣ·Եҡ 
ԽԽĿʼƶȴװʶ˫ֲ
ǰߡҴ߾ʱĸҵ 
磬ѧˡóʱˡöŴ
ֲһ˿ɳƣôĶ 
Ҽװûǰߡ 
磬¸вƬҪӳһȥɡ 
ɻǼװûƶһۡҲ⣬˫ֱ󣬽
ܵǰ棬תңųǰߡСԴƤһԣһ
˫ںԲĴ۾գѽգѽģ˵磬һر棬
һͬѧ˦ˣ޵ϡﻩģһѱһģ̫ˡ 
бһۣüëĸ߸ߵģ۽ŻõЦ⣬ر
Ŀġʵ˼ʧܿ𣿡 
ѽֲʧΪʲôܿģƬ̣ͷС
ʧҲûʲô˲ģҶûޡ 
һ㶣ͷһȻ˵ӣ̲סʵʧˣ 
ǰң죬ίͰ͵˵Ҹ˵
ҡ 
ҳ˼Ƭ̣ŷӦ˵ǸʧԭҡСѾ
ͷʵڽթ˵ټ٣ĥ͸Ҳ֪ʲôϷ 
۾˵ǼѾķˣ
뱨ҲѾˣ㻹ʲôѽ 
Σŵʵǲرѽ 
˵أ 
ֲȫҡ 
㣬ȫѽ 
ŵСתһԣС˾䣺Ȼ˱˵ĺӣȻű
ץסѱġ 
͵ͣ½Ųŭҧ˵˵һ顣 
ŵ״ˣ۵İһ
׶ӣЦǺǵ˵˺ˣ˵ˡ~ 
~  
һ˹ȥܿͱıĸ
׷˵磬ǲǲˣҸ㽲Цɣ 
ҽЦҪҽ˵ˣ˽
ӴԶ㡣 
ŵСֹ˵˵˵ʲô㶼Ǹ豦С 
~ ˵ԣҾ豦СϿԶ㣡 
صԭļʱѾȵһˣſɳֻֻ׾
ɰСѾһһ̵ģա 
ϰأ 
ءڻصͷûһ¡ 
ؼҾ֪ɳֻҲ֪ϰָɵѵ 
ͷңϰָɻϰҳģǷּ
ֻϰȥ 
ԽԽˡ 
ԽԽˡ 
ҡͷЦſڣϰֱңϵΧȹ
вء 
֣һˡ 
ϰֻͷһۣһЦˣЪɣȻͺˡ 
ߵԣ̨ʳģΪǻؼҾۻᣬҪһ
ˡҲϰΪˣδ 
ʲôܰ𣿡 
ݰɣݰɡôһòš 
ϴ𣿡ҽϴ˳ 
һ°ɡ˵ţϰֱͦӣִ˴ 
۰һ䣬ȥϣ¡ 
Ǵˣվһᱳ۵ġϰ̾˿ 
Ҹ밲οϰ䣬˵꣬Ƽϰ޽һЩ׷
вһһۣôˡ 
ˡϰֻ£вˡ 
ҽϴһԱãȻЩĻɡƬ̣
̽Եʵ֣ŵô 
ʲôô 
ʲôΪѽûʲôֵľٶ 
ûаͦԵġʲô 
Ҿͻǲ̫ܾҪ 
ϰֻͷңϹ룬ŵԵúܡǺӴС˲ٵĿ࣬
һ㺢ӳ磬Ҳͦ¶ģûҲĹͱɹˣÿ
߶䡣 
ⲻ 
ġ 
ô֪ģ 
ϰֹҡҡͷ˵ˡ컹ðɡ 
ͦõģԵĺ˯úãͦоġ 
šǾͺá 
Ǹæģ֮˾䣺֣û
ѽ 
ϰֳĬûлشҵ⡣ 
֣ǲﻹǹȥǵѽҾŰɣ϶̹
ף϶ǲ˺ͣһ£ϰûп˵˵
ﻰҾ˽⣬֪϶Բµģ
һпԵġ 
ˣ˵ˡϰͣĻͷ˵ͱ
˵¶ˣúøϰ꿼ôѧҸͺοˡ 
ĬƬ̣һǲģ׷ʵһҲûͷ 
˵ͳȥ 
Ҽϰе㲻ͷˣæЦ˵УҶ¶ 
ڳæ˰죬һӵζȡҪ˵ϰֵտ
ǲϧˡȥץȣÿһ£ʹ
ңҪҷƢŵԱҲ˲ˣ˰ŵ
һۣŲһԵλϡ 
ȻСŮܲԸʵһȥϤˡϯ֮󣬱
ϰĵúܿģһûһĴŻŵÿζһԣֻ˵
ͷԷĬ 
ڱüɫĽѧУȤʱҵĽŲϣȻһ
ĦС 
˵ˡӺƣĵȥֻŵһֻ
СŴЬ˳ҵĽ״ĦţȻ˳ҵһ·
ϣͣ˿м䡣 
ڱϰֵУŵİСŸſӣضҵļͣ
ʱȣʱĦ֮¡Ȼģ¶Ѿ
㹻ĵֿˣÿγԷףͲܻѽ 
۾ЦеĿҡҽȥץס
İСţ˻ȥһۣŤһԡ 
ޣɲϸŵһŴϣְҵķ
ռˣֻȥɳ˯ˡ 
ԭΪŵҸɵʲôϷص˰ҹһ㣬Ҳû
Ҳˡ 
е㲻׵ʲôͼˣһʼңΪϲ
ңȴԲеķʽӽΪֻҪиңˣ
ΣҲ䣻ΪҪ𣬽ֶô
˵ϲҡ 
治ҪʲôһǿԿ϶ģѾͷĻǾ
Բŵġ 
԰ŵҲǳֻ̬ȵģټǶƵƽʱϰ
ҹϰرҪģһ⡣ 
հҴӸѧУصʱѾǰ°ؼˡ輸
ŴСʽӪƷ֪ҲԵġ 
ЩӪƷҾ͸оһᣬ⼸³̫ˡ赹
ܽѵˣ׳Ʒˡ 
Щġʱ侭ðȱ
ȥתתҲ㲻ȥﱧϴڷŪ
ӪƷ߶ 
˵ЩûʲôãҲ㰲οá
Ӻϰ֮Ͱеľҵѧϰ棬ʵ̫
ˣټʵڲᷴ 
·Ҫϴ𣿡һһųߡ 
ûСһ쵽ţҪϴ· 
費̫ҵĻҵתһȦӲҳһ̫
 
·Ͼ͸ое⣬һϼҾӷ֮Ҿȥ
վϴ»ԣ·һһá 
Ҵ󼷹ȥʱ俴һɫ˿࣬ͷһ
Īͣ˽Ų 
ͷңƵʲô 
ϲΪΣҹ򶨵ƿţ˽ȥ 
ͳͷʱֻЬ
˳ȥҶ˶׼ϴ֣Ǻɫ˿࣬
ɵһ궯Ϊǰľҷرԭζ˿
ࡢԭζڿ㶼صرãʱ״ˡ 
̽ͷȥڿӵ绰ĶƬ̣
ֽǼɫ˿෭ҳḧֻ⻬ͷ
һȣʹĽϣһڡ 
о̫Ϥ̫ˬˡҾǽõӣջʱ
֮УȴޱȵʹУԽԽ 
ȻҺôǲԵģǶ뱳ѣ
˯ڴϵĻ棬ص֡ͷڿڲɲ
λϣһ£һ㣬ͷˬţͷˣԺ
ɵϣ˫֮䣬Ѩɢζ 
̵ϸߣ͵ķۣĺ¿ӣԭζ
ڼϣúõߣһѡ 
ȴңͣǲԵġ 
У 
һĽԭζ˿˻ȥ 
еһſˮբкĺٽԭζ
úõһǸңһٷˣӦ
ġ 
ʱĽŲԶ
˹飬־͵ϮɲϸߣΪ˲跢
֣Ҳû룬æн˫ȣȥ 
Ҷϴ»ԣɵһʵʲôأ 
װһʹı飬ҧ˵ۡ 
ͷңеʵĶԻˣˣ 
ûʲô£ˡùңϸˡҷ
䣬ѵתȥѼӲһһŲ 
䣬ģһֱʮӣŽ
ȥصҺſڴϣͷҾһ
õӣһСľ͸˹ĳΣֶ
Уȴޱȵ˷ܡ 
ҽ֮ʱͻȻƿšﱾ
һһ΢΢üʵʲôأ 
ûûʲôѽ 
Ϊʲô£ɵĿңղʲô 
ûʲôſ 
úøϰſţ 
ðպãſһ 
迴ңҿãʵǣʲôѽ 
ŶŷӦ˵һ£Ҹ㿴 
ʲô 
֪ˡ 
һ߷´һֹţصģʲôѽ 
Ӱóһ񣬶˵һͬ
ǰеʦԼ˸࣬רŽ̸
ȥѯһ£˼˵һ¡㿴ر
һʱƻ 
ʱƻҽӹһ¡ 
ָűҽ͵ʦ˼ǣ߿Ҳʣˣ
ֵÿҲʮ졣ǰûѻΣھҪʮʱ䣬
ѻ֪ʶ㹮̵Ĺ졣𣿡 
ѽʧЦΪִǸҳȺŪ˸
طء 
бңһվȻͻȻһ죬ȥ¶
һ񣬳Դһ¡֮ƺ־ףΪ
Σæ·ű˵ĳɼ̬Ҹ
ӡˡ 
ˡҽӹһۡ 
㿴ѧĳɼȽȶӢеˣ
߷ֺͷֲ˲١ϴθ߿ҲӢ˷֡ 
Ϊ˸ҽ⣬յҵǰռҪһˡǻ
Ķϵζܸжϵ£˼˵
ʲôѽ 
ҷ㶣ײһ£٣ʲôѽûУ 
æ񣬵ͷˣˡ˵ 
ѧڵѽǰӢɼƽҪ˼
׾ӣȥһеģʦ⡣һҲ
Ƴһۣû 
ˣˡҽӹӣ˷ 
ȥ¶̫࣬˲ѧϰҪץˡ 
裬ţе߻ħˣ 
㲻뿼廪뿼廪͵ó߻ħľ 
ͷü˵Ҿţе̫ԴˡɼҾ
ûô¡ 
У轿ǳ⣺ôأҶҪ廪ģ
ţ˴ȥˡ 
Ը߿ԽԽˣҵѹҲԽԽˣͷͺˡ 
Уȡɡ 
ȡҪóʤľ 
šģʤͷ 
Ҳ̫ѹġͷ
ḧһ£˵ȣ꼶һ˵ 
Уȡ 
ȡǱ롣 
ұôѹ 
ǡ۾ң̾ˣˡ
֮ȸ꼶һ˵ 
У꼶һģʤ 
ȻӦ裬Ҫȫ˼Ͷ뵽ѧϰȥ
ԭζһ̣ͬբͻѾû취׵ؽػȥˡ 
ҹڴϣֻȣͦȥôҲ˯
żӲظŪţȴߣ
ǿҵĽ֯һٻӰʼԺǻӰΣ֮
ȥ 
ǰϣͳ˯ҵߣֱƺ
ζ 
ߣһ°ɣߣһ£Ȼ˯ž 
аеһξеڶΡԴͷɱаͻݣ
ԽԽġ 
ڼ尾жȹСҹЭˡ
ὡкӲߣģʲô˲ġ 
ߣţŬЩǵӣѩ
µݣȴʼռҵԺ 
Ǳ¡İϣϸֵĽۼԼ޳
Ըеĺ˿ȡµǣҿѹĵеĻ棬һα˳ 
͵İ׻ͷѨϣļ۷꣬
һһ㼷¶֭ѨС 
˿м䱻˺һӣ¶⻬׻һƬ
һë˰أֻѨ۵˼£ڷ
˱䶯ţǰһͦͷѼףݺݵײڻ
֬ӹϡ 
ҽĺ˿ȷֵĿģһֱߣӲ
ʼڰ͹ͷѨʱͷƵѨѨڰݣγʱ
ִЩۺѨ⣬Ը屻ײǰʶＷ
˵Ϣ 
ššһЩСһЩ費ˡ
ѽ 
裡裡裡 
żͣӿߣٶȣżͦѨ壬
˦غײĻ׻ѨҺ֭Ľ
󡻵 
~ šһЩһЩ 
豻HһĻ˵߬ͷ۾
ʶǰһԻԲϱײĵˡ 
裬治Hˬˬ 
šеۡһЩ 
СѨ̫ˣеˬˣ 
ҳ˿ȣڼϣ˫ָƺĺɫ˿ȣ
Ӳڱ֭ͷѨڷײġžž
˶Ĺͷһһεײӹġ 
мٻۣҸоԼҪˣսԽߣԽ죬Ž
ĺ˿ȣͦ֫Ѩڷ 
šˡˡŰܡͣһ¡ 
ѨڽżͣȻһҵľ䶯Ҫȫ
ȥһ辫µʹšһӲ̧ѩ
΢΢ɫȽزסҵĺ󱳡 
裡裡Ҳˣˣˣ 
Ž嵽׻ѨףŽۻģһɹɵŨҺ
ӿ 
 
һͷĿѣ֮󣬿ӿͷ 
ұ裬ұҵΣ

.
й֮ھκл˯ȥаûڲѡΪ
緹ʱͷҿˡ
ƺƳҵеʵôˣˣ
ҵȻʵʵ˵˾䣺û˯е
һҪȷϢʱ䣬ѧϰһҲǧҪҹ
šҵ˵ͷһ顣ԽǹңҾԽŶԲ
Ρ
緹ݻְҵװٳǰһ䣺Ȼ
ŰѸðҩˣ֢״ˣ͵ûˡ
ҴӦһĿһɨƼվЬԻЬǰ΢
΢̧࣬ɫͷ߸Ь˿ϴխȹΣ
ΪƵԵʣԵԲƳң
Ӿ͸һһ飬ŷӵԭ򣬸æʹ۱ϣ
ڵʱǡô߾Ƶʵʲôأ
̫ˡҺߵ
費ԣͷһۣߴٵˣϽ·Ͽȥ
˵ϰȥˡ
ߺ󣬱ң˫ֱأüôоеֵֹѽ
֣
˵͸оеӡ˵ţӵһת
һЦòʲô£±֪ɣ
ò˵Ů˵ĵʱȷʵͦ׼ġ飬ɵ¶Ҳȷʵ
±֪һһСѾͷƬ̹׽
Ҳ˵׷ʵָʲô¶ˣ˵ǲǿ
γȥˣ͵üǮˣ
ת˫ֲʣ¶ܵĲ٣ҵ
鱨ռдۿͿ쿪ѧˣ㻹û¶
һһ쵽λơġ
ҴҪüͷһ壬˵˾䣺ħȻˤŽ
ݣϳˡ
ڸһֱڡϵ飬Բٷˣ
òȡԭ£Ҫٷ󣬾ٲˡ
Ĵһͬ˶ħУô׹
ġĿǱǿѹȥģѹƵԽԽǿ
ԴʼһһЦĳ۵һһ
Ĺ۲졣ĺԼݣԽԽ޷԰Ρ
Խѹ֣ԽǿҡҲȥɱϾ
һ£Ҳ㲻ˡ
Ӳϰڳæһݻ·׼
ȥ䷽㣬ڿɳϵֻͻȻ绰ˡ
ڳﺰһ䣺ֻù
Ҵɳֻߣһۣʾ
ܹ֣ҵͷĪһ
ΧΧȹվȼǰҽֻ󣬲δż뿪Ĭ
վһԡ׼ӵ绰ȻŤͷһۣʵվ
ʲôأ
š
һûɣ˵˾䣺ȥ
Ƶ߳˳ӽǽڣĶֻ
ЦǺǵ˵ôôҴ绰ѽءȻ
͹ȥ˵룬ϵطҪȥˣݣһ
Ҷ˵绰һصǰʹͷĥܹ
˭ѽ˵ʱĿͦĵġ˼
ǸԼ˽棬ϵģȥʲôѽ
ϸ룬һʱ䣬ȷʵϲϳšѲɣں
ܹԼ
йŮģԼᣬԽԽǾġǰҿ϶
Ů֮룬ΪǾԲᱳϰֵġڱϾѾˣ
ԼᣬǸҸ޿ɺǵġ

Ҫٻ飿
УԲк֡
ԽԽżϰ£ŵһʱҳüչ
ʵôˣһµӣʲôأ
һûͳЦ˵϶ʶԼѹͲǿ廪
ϣɴѾȥˣ֪ôͣԾˡ
һۣȻеңǲֲˣѹ̫
ˣ
ڵѹȷʵе󣬿ѹѧҵҲû
ֻǿջЦѹеɡ
ɲģʵû°ɣô
û£û¡
˵û£ȴŵҪǸʲô̸ܹ
Ҹôأ
ɳϣͷֻʱʱػĻٺɵ
ЦԽԽԾ¶ֽŮģ
Һֱ裬ǸܹӵʲôˣɹҲ̹
ףҲʣŪûݾߡ
Աȥ̲סʵ㲻ݸϰϹתʲ
ôأ
ɢ
ڿɢôҪǾƵûţȥһȦ
ҲȥҾڿɢ¶ģ粽裬һ
ȥǸʲôܹȥ
ֻҧָף̧ңҲ˵ұƵĻ
ڣʵҸʲô
ôеѽ
һֱ
費ңһֻ˸β裬һ˶
ԭΪȥԼᣬᴩʽһ㣬û뵽ľȻô㡣ƽ
ʱҲǴ˶ţΪ¥˶أû뵽ȻȥǸʲôܹ
Լᡣ
شڻ˶Ьվʵôˣ
Ҫȥѽ
һŰ˵㣬Ķˣ
Ҽ׷ʣҪĶȥѽ
Ķȥѽ
ܸһȥ𣿡
ܡ
ܱܲȥ
Ϊʲôѽ
ֿЬϵƤŤŤ˵Ůһϳţ
ͦΣյġ
ͷһۣڹأڳЦأ
Ȼǹѽ
һۣûңϵЬ׼šҼˣַ
סǽ~ ӴӴ~ 
ͷʵôˣ
ͷΣܣе㷢ա
ˣַҵĶͷϣһ£ɻ
ѽ
ģ⻬񣬺á˵ֲ¶ȼƣ
ô֪Ҳѽ
趢Ƭ̣Ӧַ˵ٸһס
תҪߣŶӣϰ~ ϰ~ 
ٶȻͷʵôˣ
ۡ
ۣţʲôϷѽ費мһת
ҡ
ҵһɿĻ˶ЬŸȥɵȵ¥֮ô
ҲҲӰʧߣȴĽӵĵϢ
ң
~ ԭз֪Īĸ˽ҡ
صΪ裬Ҳû˼ѧϰڿｹ
ŲʱʱĻҪһʱ䡣ɳϿӣ̲סʵ
㲻ݸϰϹʲôѽ
ҷʵ˵ϳȥȥʲô
ô֪ͷ룺ɢȥ˰ɡ
Ҿûô򵥡
ܲȥ㳡˰ɣ˵ţԼ̲סЦ
һ㳡裬ʲôѽ
Сֹ˾䣺ҵȥ㳡衣
ʲôû塣
ҺȻʵӣҵд𣿡лŵҪ
ȴû˵ֻͣܽй˳
һһãȻؿңôôĪѽǲ
ǳԴҩˣ
ڿ˼͵ʵҪ
ٻ飬ô룿
һɴ۾Ҫٻ飿
Ҿ˵
Ǿף¡ϰ踴ģҪҵ
ʵĶҵȻҲᷴѽ
У밡ǶˣͻȻһѽҪһ
ҪٴһŮǲֶһã
ҵνֻҪϲСͣƬ̣ое㲻
ˣȻʵôŸʲôѲɡҪٻˣ
Ҿôһ˵
ڿｹĵȴؼңǽϵʱӵδδ߶ţֱо
ꡣʮʱڻˣҸɳϣ
㲻ݸϰôˣ
ҴʣĵĹѽ
ëһۣҲûңߣæ
ȥ׷ʵ裬ȥʲôѽ
ܵô
Ϻ˵ģ㺹ܲȻǸո˶վڴߣ˫
߬ס˶°ڣһ룬¶ѩ׹⻬ıͻȻһ
ԣ͵ؽشãͷһۣȥ
Ҳȥ˵ղŸʲôȥˡҽתһԣȥ
ˣ
費ͷ˵裬ѽҳȥʲôҪ
㱨
Уңܹ˭ѽʵģʵ
ܡ
ңȵ㷭ֻ
ֹСĳġ
бңСʲôʱܹˣ
ⲻƭ
û˵Ǹ˾㣡ϽݸϰȥϹʲ
ôġ
͸˵һҼˣЧɴ
ȥȥ費ͷذҺ˳ȥ
ҹڴ˼룬ܾеأڹ
ʲôҵѧϰҲǰʱôˡ
вУһŪУҪǵðҸƷ˲ɡ
һ룬ΪʲôĽôأְֵ

ԣְֲģٲж͸ˣ
ˣԶܸˡ
ôתأ
ǡõڶҪȥϰۻᣬԸϰһ£ʲôû
Ͼڰæһġ
£һЩСŤһ˭Ҳû˭˵緹ʱ
ͻȻ˵˾䣺裬Ҫ˰
Щ˳ɴ۾˭˵Ҫˣ
Ҹ˵ģ˵Ҫٻˡ
תѯ֮⡣æͣϹ˵
ʲôʱ˵ҪٻˣҴû˵
˵˵ˣ˵ġ
Ҽˣ˵磡ûѧѽ
ƲƲ졣
ЩЦõ˵С㲻˼ѧϰϣһ쵽Ϲ
ĥʲôѽɹġ
ҸоίҪ⣬ֲ֪˵Щʲô
յǰЦ˵裬Ҫٻ飬Ҳ֧
ƨϣѹͲ飬⣺
ұ죡
ίͰ͵Ľϡ
ҳ죬˵á
ӹĹĵģðɵĵҡ
Ȼ˵Ϲĥ¶¹شֲ˵ףôܲ
أڸҲû˼ѧϰˣĶ顣ȵ
ѧʱķ֣찲ŵȻû·ӭң⵹
Щϰˡ
͵ˣſɳϿӣϰһڳšҽ
ȥæҪ˵һ¡ôأ˵辭ϸһ
ܹӵ˳ȥԼ᣿ϰֵСۣѴ̳Ӷѽ
ȻˣҲڳĴףƭˣҲڰϰ֡
֣Ǹôһһ߰æһ߼װ
µʵ
ͦõġ
ŵôûڼѽ
ȥе¶Żϰһۣôˣ
¶
ʲô¶ʡ
ϰĳ˵ҲôʱΪеŹ֣
ȷʵǸúӡ
ǲǺúҲ֪Щ¶ȷʵ˺ޡ
ɰˮĹཱུ죬Һϰ뵹˳Ĭ֮Сĥţ
ô飬ίĸϰϰֺȻ˵См
˵һ¡
оϰֵЩʽɵһæʣʲô£
šҡҴˡ
һΪأʵ˵ʲô
ϰ˵˵Ҵˡ
ǣһʱ˺þãüͷʵҪʲô
˭ѽ
ǡ
ϰָһڣҾʹ˵϶Ǹ裬ǰɣ
šϰֵͷϣ衣
ô¶ôͻȻҪ
ϰֵıЩΪѣµĶ˵¶֪һʱ
ԽܣǴ߿֮ٸ˵ġб䣬ƹ
ʱ䣬ҾҪȥ֤ˡǰкʡǵʱû
׼
ϰҪ飬ҽ󻹲裬Щ⣬֪ôģ
ﾹȻһ˿ˬ
Ҫ¶֪𣿡
û˵ء
̽ʵҰϢת裿
ǵǣǸǰ˵һˣȱ˵Ҳ
˵
Լ飬ϰһ£ΰ׷
û뵽ϰȴȷųһذը¿ɺˣӶ»ǳ
׵ַˡ
ϰ֮ĥһ죬ôôԡϰָ
꣬Ů˽飬Ҳе̫˰ɡο
ϰֵӣ軹кĸģô˵ͱأ¶ȷʵ
еˡ
ϰǱߣԼ¶ȼü֮ϰָ
ˣֻܿԼˡһҪ裬˸ƭ
ˡ
ԣڱ裬ûһ˽
ϣոճҾȲĻ˶ڿ
˶бɳϣһãȻĿңʲôأ
ȥɢɢһѹȣһЦ˵Ҿ˵öԣ
ܲţǻ˱ﻵġǸѧҲҪݽϣʵķ
һ´ԡ
˵ͷޱ˵šáȥɡ
ȥѽ
ȥʲô
ɢѽ
跭˸ۣ赭д˵˾䣺ͦõģȥɡ
һȥѽ
ΪʲôҪһȥ
ĬΣߣ˵裬ǴĶƣͱ
װͿˡ϶֪¥ΪɢߣһǸ
ӡ
ҵѣΪʲôҪѽ
ҵѰѹѽҸ˵ѽ˿׼ġܹӵ
˾ӣǸСˣһ۾ܿ
ؿбһ˫ۣʵˣ˭ѽ㣿ô֪ѽ
Цǲˣ֪ܲѽһ˵ڣϾʶ
ԾˣԭֻǸͨЦϵ£̫ˡ
Ȼɫһ䣬̧žҵƨϣֱӴɳϾ;͸
ȥ
ǡǵĶԻЦ˵Ҿϸ
ȥҲɫɫ̬ģǸǲǶʲô
ͼ϶һ۾ܿ
췴ǲ
Ц˵ĶķѽϷү~ 
ҴӵԣشϸȳƵСȣ
Ц˵ĸϢŭȡ
һȥӯϸ壬͸źΣҸ첲
һ£ǵۣʮáѵѧϰɼȥ
һû¶¶⻹뿼廪šعȥ㣡
üͷһίԹôڵģĶ
˼ϰѽҲܣȥĶҾ͸ȥĶ
ҽĶɳվһţÿ
Ļȥˡ˴ĴָЦ˵
跢ⷽ棬רҼġ
ＱòУûˣƤӡ
ߣ׷Һ棬ʵʶ˸ѣ
ôżʲôѽ
һ˵еġ۰ôãҪһСĴ
ĵͱ˸ˡ
Ӧ䣬Աߵķ͵ش򿪣ŭص˳ҵԴ
һߴһҧгݵСƤǲ
ҴˣѽҴ~ ұͷܣӻ
ǰĶ飬˼ȥ¶ɴС˵
Ӱ쵽δҸأŻӦøһģ¶˵
ˡ
ԥ˰죬λƵǰţ˰죬
˵һ
贩ſɵļҾӷڴͷֻ޳Ȱһ
ֱֱģ̧ͷһۣʲôҲû˵
裬û˯أĵЦ
ޱ˵˾䣺ϻ˯ѽ
Ҵ˹ȥ£æһۣʵ
ʲô
ҵƨɸոհ棬ôһǣŵøϽվεЦ
ʲôҲѽ͡˵˵졣
û˵ڷúܣ졣Ͻݿȥ
~ 
ʲô裬ȥ
Ҽ࣬ûаͨڵأε̾˿תߡ
ҪʱȻ뵽϶֪ŵңķң
˵ǸɴҹˣαػҪҽأ
ԥƬ̣׳ŵӣ˻ȥ̧ͷһۣ
ȥôֻˣ
裬ǹʲôҪôĻѽ
ңǹʲôΪҲ֪С˵
ûѣĽˣҪ׼𣿡
ǡҪҿ԰һ²ο
òοһۣҸҰְ֣õ
ο
ˡ
Ҳ˵е㻬̲ס͡һЦ˳ָ

֮СƬ֮ҿ˵裬Ҿ
ܾû棬ϲĽˡ
Ҳ㽻ģû˵˫ֱأתһԡ
һ£ܵǱߣ棺ɣǵϴ
ôҵ𣿡˵ţϣ컨壬˵
ǻϴ˭Ҳ˭˵˵ﻰ
豳ŴͷͷңɵһҲûӦҼˣ
˵裬һ££¡軹ûзӦ˵
裬ѹܴѧϰѣһ˶ҽ

֪ںԥƬ̣ҿĵ
ȥ粢ż磬۾ֱֱ컨壬ԥһ£׳ŵӣ
ץסֻ֣ϸ⣬壬
һ񣬺ò
ܵ˾ţѿŤͷңʲô
ĺܽҪһˣд
ůҵϣоֵģġ
ⲻҵǣ֣۾Էڽ
һ˵˵˵ˣǣ־Ͳˡ
ɺã۾ֱ컨壬ã˭Ҳû˵
еΣʵ̲סˣʵ裬ô˵ѽ
û˵
Ҫ˵ô̸أ
Ҫ̸ġ㲻˵ѧϰѹ𣿡
һ£̾Ҹо군ˣʲôѧУҲˡ
˵㿼ϿϣӼȥҿɲ
ˡ
ϸĿڣҾеѹѣһǺĵġĶ
ܿϣҾǱ廪ȥġ
㵽̸ĵģˣƤӵģ
Ȼ̸ĵġѾ̸ˣֵ˵ˡ
޻˵
裬˵õģҪ˴̹ϵġ
ĬƬ̣˵˾䣺ںܲˬ
Ϊʲôѽ
ΪҵĶҲˬ
ôˬˣ
֪
ЦõĿ裬̧ˡ
СӾҺܲˬ
ǣҵĶˣܸ˵һ𣿡
ҲӴңС㲻ǺųƸŮ֮㲻
˵Ů²ʲô
ҿ裬۾ؿбǹһĨ΢Ц룬С˵
һ١
¶ˣ䣬һҵԴϡ
ѽ~ һҽУһᣬЩӴϷȥ
üͷ˵裬̫ˡ
ңСҪٸҸˣǻͲһƵ¶ˡ
Ͻݸϰȥ
˵꣬跭´ЬߡЩƣ˵һݣ
ôԼˣͷʵ裬ʲôȥѽ
ϴ裡Ͻҳ
ĥĥĴӴմ뿪䣬ֻͻȻһϢ
￩һ£ԤУϢӦþǸʲôܹӷġ
ֻͷڴϣҲûڣֻƽˣֻ
֪ѡҪ͵һ£Ҳֲ˰
вУ͵˱ֻǲµġ
ڱ衣
΢һɿֻ⿪ϢȻܹ
ӷģд˵뼯ϣصϽ԰ſڡ
Ҹ׼Ϸ¼ͻȻ˽ŲҸϽֻ˳
ȥװµߣ˾Ǳ
˵ҹ˯Ϲתʲô
Ҹˣգ۾ĿңԴҩ
صң˷ܵŲ˵㣬Ͻ԰ſڡߺߺ~ 

ף
ôϹ׽ŵĸо
                              .
һҶĥš׽须£ѹû˼ѧϰ
ò̵˷ѧ֮󿴼˫ֱأڿɳϣ
ЦŴ˸к裬ڼѽ°๻İ
١Ƴһۣ֣
Լĸое㲻ԾСŲ˹ȥ͵۹۲죬ɫ
糣̽Եʵ裬ѽ
Ҹ׼һ
һЦЦټǰһĹҵİ
֪Ǻ£ڨЦⲻ겻ڵģҲգҪ
ȻִǰóһԾ˵Ҿ
е̫ˣɢȥʦҪһЩԾ˵ţ
Ծǰһƣˡ
Ծ꣬ߣҲѧġ
Щȥˣȥʦ
Ŷӣ̲סЦһ¡
ʣЦʲôôӣܸ𣿡
ûаǷϣֳϣҲǿЩӸˣ
ǸоǺܹѧҵˡ쿴٣ôӣ
е㿪ġ
ҧҧ´ĳ˵ҲǲѧҵҲ
ʱʱ̶̿ɡѧѧҪǿԼÿԾ˵ţƳ
һۣǣǲǶҵ¶еڹˣ
ӵĹ裬ѵӦ𣿡
ӦõģеֹˡĶȥʲôҼ˭
Ҫ㱨⵱ģһɶû𣿡
üͷ壺ⲻǺ
ʲôѽ
ҵͷίС˵ҡ
ĬΣ̾˿Ҫúõģô᲻أ
ܹ˭ϸ˵
εҡҡͷôܹǡ
ؼʱ̣ˣͷűӣŻŵ
Ѫ裬Ѫˡ
˲ңȥ
˵һ룬ѽѾͷʱ粻ƫ
ƫؼʱ׷ȥʵ裬ܹʲôѽ
űСԴͷ˵Ȼ˵ûѪ
ѽ
Ѫˡ
̧Ҫңǿнסȵ֣ҩȥ
û취ˣֻʱ׷ʣȥҩ䡣ĥţܹӵ
ǲѽ
һͨڣﱱѱѪֹסˡʱһֱ͵͵۲
״̬һԥã̲סʵ裬û˵ء
ʲôûзӦ
ղ˵ģܹǡ˵һ롣ܹʲôѽ
ĬƬ̣˵ܹʶһѣҲǸûá
ڿʶģ΢ţһȥͳ˺ˡ
ûã
еΣˣ˶Ǹոѣյһһȥ˵
͸ɲһ췹ˡ˼ûʲôʵԵ
չֻ໥οĺѶѡ
šô˵ȸȥҲиס
ϴεĽѵسľͻ˶¡ؿң
ֳʲô۶أ
һ˶һ˵Ҿ˵еҪݽϣ
ڼҪȥ˶һ¡˵Ҿż˵
ģԼȥ
ɵĿע£ҳ˼ţǲδżɢС
˸εĵطһȻ¥ˣ
һǣ촩Ĳ˶£һɫ˿³ȹϹ
ѩûд˿࣬ϲһ˫µĺɫϸ߸Ь
Ҽ龰ͷһ˻ˣ轫ϻ
ױôƯһȥԼˡ
ΪŸ߸ЬԵʣȹµСֱ⣬ԵϸԲԸ
ʮ㣻·̬ţϸӯҡ߸ЬڼӲ·ϣ
öҼɵû
ľҸ̫·ܶ࣬ɫְһ·
βϽ԰δ跢֡
ĸ߷ڣ԰ſھۼ˲ˣƻͨʮ֡
ܹӺδͷֻϢΪװʵ̫ˣ
վͬһŵ·˻ͷ
֮⣬һһ󣬹԰ĶŮϣ
ձƫ󣬵Ҳʮģĸ࣬ҲǸ߸ȹͦ
еġ
ʲôĪʲô赸
ҵҲ߷߲ƽ˿ǵģԼٵȻ
Ůʿţ̫ûƷˡ
ɻ󲻽ʱһŶ̷˳˹ȥɫ
װűͦĺɫ㣬һ˫͹ƤЬڴϵһ
ᡣ
~ ˿湻ͷģѲǸܹ۹ⲻ
ôɡ
ֳ߽֮кЦݲãʮֿġ
һĻؿڷƣͷƤ飬оἫˡ
ܹվſ䣬Ȼ粢ĳ԰ȥ붼û
룬æȥ԰ƻԻֺͣһҵ
Ĳࡣ
ѡͦģĶĴү衣֯ҵ
ҲǺģ˼Ȧһء˽һ֮ѡ
볡
ϰʱ̹꣬ҺͱǵʱҲ֯ͥ
Һһ飬ϰֺͱһ飬뻹ǻ֡˷ǣ
ߵ飬Ȼİˡ
վڲԶ͵͵ؿܹӣȻ˵ʲô
ͦĵġһ边Ȼ˹ȥǸܹǣһ
𡣼龰ػȥмֿ
Ҳܺò£϶ỻһơ
һ鿪ʼϳˣǣ֣߽ء
ܹӽִҸ´ĺ󱳣ƹ£գ˫Ȼ
ǰӽһż̽ꡣȻĵҧгݣ
ĺܺģܿͳ˳н㡣
ȹǷҡҷ貽鱼ţţĽҪ
ʱ§ңٻҲԸ⡣
һĿҪﲻסʱ蹭¶ףܹǰ
㣬Ҫһˡ龰Ҳ̲סˣ
ȺһߣܹӵĴϡ
ܹһУɿ裬ˤȥԶ
ܴû֧ţһˤ˵ϡ
һæȥ衣һʵ̫죬һƬȻ
ַҧ˼һңһ漴ŭС
ʲôأ
Ҹղһȣģʣе㲻֪ˡָ
ڵϵܹ˵㡣
ݺݵĵһۣһѽƿżæŵȥܹӡ
ίˣʵ裬ôںѽ
ͷңǣұ죡
Ϊһ֣Ҳֹˣ֯Χ˹ǡ
ǶԻ֪Լ¶˼ɢˡ
ҿΪˣеӣۣһӵ
ûطй볶ɤӴ
ܹվҴ˵Сҹ
֪ҵǸҹ⽫תһԣװû
ҹûУ
Ҽ跢ôЩˣĥĥ˹ȥֻܹӷ
ҧϰϵֹġ˵ãС
ǻԺ󻹸ҹ費
ңŭŸʲô̵ܰǸ
ҲҲ죬ҪͷתһԣȻӦ
ʵ̣ܰŮŮİ
ɲѽϽǸ
ܹӷЦ˵ϡСưѽһ
ߵҡȾ󡣡
ֱʱҲܹӵȻˣȷȷʵ
ʵǸŮġ˵ˣˡ
ܹӣǸܽ㣬ԲǶԲ𡣡һ˵һ
ʹɫ
æϹṆ̀ܰǶԲˣ治֪Ϊе
ءһΪ빴ء
ұ죡ȳ⡣
ܹӰڰ֣ˣҲǹ㡣
ȥɡǸ˵
òãԼȥͳˡ
æڣ̣ܰȥɣȡ
бһۣΪ˭Ūð
ȥ԰һƳ̳һܹͬ˻ȥ
;Уغ·ϣϡ٣ƹİߵĺܿ죬߸Ьû
棬ġա
׷Ǹʼղҡ
裬ˣ治֪Ҳ˵ˣΪ
ǡ
ͻȻͣ½ŲͷңΪʲôѽ
ΪǸеģΪ빴ء
üͷһ壬еģ˼ѽ
˭¥§ôģһˡ
ܲ§˵ˣʲôʱҸˣ
ǣǰȷʵû裬ǱϾǰǰ
Ұֻû飬ǵзġ
˭ѽܵô
ѽЦ˵װıӡ
üͷ壬̾һ˵ôô˵Ķϡ
ҲˣⶼʮˣҲ˲ȥˡ
㡭
Դ֪ܹǸ֮ҵȻʣƤҲˡ
裬ϵǸһؾһ
Բĸϴˡ
ҵǸʲôáߴһţˣ˵Բˣ
ǡҪȥ̵ܰǸ
ң֪˵ʲôˣ֮ŭ̾˿
Ҫˡ˵꣬תǰߡ
׷ҲȫѽһֱڵģҲ
˵סûңǰУҸں棬˵
Ҫ˵ܹǸŮģҺαôżء
ͻȻͣһЩײıϡͷң
ҽѣҪ㱨ѽŮʲô£
Һ̹׸裬ǲ⻰û
˵ֻ˸ڣҵҰֿѽҪˣҰô
ѽ
Ҹֵ¶õܰһ䣬ȻӦ
ʣˣһûأô֪ڹ԰ģң
ǡ
أʣ͵ֻ
ûûУҸæϣǸղɢÿţ
ˡ
ңߵһС㳤ԺҳţǲǻҪ
ȸ㱨һ°
ǣҪʲôڵģҲ˵ⲻǵ
ǶһˣȥĶˣʲôˣŮ
˵ˡ
˵ʲôѽ˵½˸ѣÿϳȥڹ㳡ϸһ
˵һ룬ȻͣϱЩΣƬ̣ߵһ
תǰߣҡ
費˼ˣ
ҺȻΪЩɰæ׷ȥЦ˵ڹ㳡
һ裬Ҳûʲô˼ѽˣе罻
Ҳġ
͵ͣ£ͷؿңʲôѽ
ʶԼ˵ˣæ绪ïͤͤ껪
Сұ񡣡
쵽ĺ˵˵
ҵ˼ǣûҪҴŵģûЦ㳡ģ
ʮС㣬ǡԺԴ󷽷ȥҾ˫޳ɡ
ʲôѽһŰ˸ˣԺ˼һô迴ң
ȻЦһԺҸ飬ǿ׳Ҳ򲻹֡
֪ڸҿЦǻæ˵ܹӣܰ
̾ͦõģǧ顣
Ƴһۣû˵úõһˡ˵գ
Ҫǰߡ
ͻȻĳһͷæǰ˵֪һ
ûʹ죬ɣô
㣿鲻м˻ᵷ֮⣬㻹ʲôѽ
֣Ҫȥ֣򿪣ͥڣ
㶪ˡ
ʲô˵ģ˵ΧҲûʲôˡþûˡ
Ҳģȥ§Ӳס֣
˼£ûѣҲˡ
Ҵġһડડડ
§ʼŽ衣ûˣʱʱĻ
ĽţŭҪƿȴ§ýģûֻ
յ˵Ҫ㣡
ʱЩɬԽԽĸӶˣľĺӱС·ϣ
Ƶ·£˵衣
Ұһ㣬ϸ߸Ь󣬼ҳƽ棬
ĺܽϵ㣬·ϵ£
һ궯
裬ǵǰϰֽ𣿡
Ƭ̣ġšһ
ʱǹö࿪ѽ
ޱңû˵
ãС˵˾䣺ʵڸġ
üͷ΢΢һЩ˵˫ۣˮӯ
ӯʧģıǼһ˿ϸ촽󣬴Բɰ
ҵԺ︡ϣʱ͵͵Ļ档ҵһ
¶Ȼʹȥĺ촽ϡ
ʱ·˲һ㣬˲۾Ǿ㵣漴ı
˷ŭֻ飬пֹ֪ǳأһ
ˡܽһ̱㣬ǸǶô顣
κ͵طӦƿȻ̧ҵ
ݺݵĳһơѹ㵵Ŀ裬ֻճ죬
٣ŭҪͣȴ֪˵Щʲôݺݵص
һۣתȥ
üͷһԼţû֮࣬һ˿˵
ĵ֮顣
Сλƣʼղ§ֱ賿һ㣬ĥĥĻص
򿪴ųһۣŵƣѾ˯ˣŵ
Žż⣬ŵĻصԼҡ
ҾһȺ˷ܣڴϷȥôҲ
˯šһǣʼԺǻȥȻǰҲ
ľٶûһ˵Ļŭšָоȫһġ
ʧˣһҹδ˯ȥͣϣ
ֺ衣
֮󣬾ʲôҲûһȻģҲû
ѵҡ緹ʱ׳ŵӣʢһ࣬СĶ˵
裬࣬
šĮĵ˵ͷ
͵͵裬ܸоеֵֹģ˵ӦúŶԵģ
ڿҲֻЩĶѡȦͦԵģӦøһ
Ҳû˯áţҪô˵ĻҲûбô򶨡

֮Һ֮Ĺϵֱ΢Ұ
룬ȴδϵ顣Ҷĸ飬ԽԽǿˡ
Ĵʣÿθĵദ崺磬
Ǣ裬Ҿͻܼꣻʱ뵽裬ֻ᲻
ɵЦҶĸ飬ԭǿѹǳױ˳
ָ֪ǲӦôڵģҾǿƲסԼ
ҸоѾҪƲסԼˣҶռԽԽǿ˱
̬ĵزֻҪһ뵽˵ЦҾܲˡ
ͬʱڵҲʢĺ͵˿࣬ʹʹ
ķйǸңһôˣֻԽԽ
ҡ
ôججĹ죬ҴӸѧʱ˫
أϣޱؿҡ
贩Űɫ˿ѩĳ£ɫȿ㣬ɢס
գһ㷢ڶ¶µĶ׹ʮֵĶׯš
Ҳ֪ΪʲôȴĵҪ첽˹ȥ
Ц˵裬ôпѽ
ϳ˵һ䣬תʻ
Ҹڸʻλϣ˼СӣͻȻõŮ
鼤ѡ
һ仰Ҳû˵ͷʻҼⲻǻؼҵ·
о̲סʵ裬ҪȥĶѽ
ỵ̂ûпң˵˾䣺˾֪ˡ
Ҳɵϴε飬ҪȥȥҽˣЩ
ɥȻ֪Բ󣬵ոȷʵһ˲䣬ҳȥ
档
ǡ̫ˡ
轫һС³ҽһ䵥Ԫڣ䲻
߰ʮƽӣװ޵ĻǼҾеá
֮󣬾صԼһתһȦң
䣬ңоôаɣ
Ҳ֪赽ʲô˼Ѿĸоˣɵ
üͷŵʵʲô˼
迴˵רŸķӣѧУ·Ҳʮӡ
Ͱᵽסɡ
衭ͻȻܵҪ˵˿ǻҪ
ҳѽ
Ϊáߵɳԣ֣
һе˹ȥԱߵλӣʾ£Ȼ˵
СǸĺӣ֪ΪʲôҪô
ҡĿ࣬ðŰҴˣĴˣҲ
ˡԭһΰɡ
ⲻԭԭµ⣬Ϊá
ǡҽͰ͵İ˵һʵ
Ҳһס𣿡
һˡ
֪һסǲܵģĴһ˿롣
裬֪ġԭһΰɣҸģĸġ
ĵ𣿡ңĳ˵Сʲô⣬
֪Ҳ֪֮һֱáݣΪҾֻʱģ
һ᳤ģġҷҴˣԽǷݣԽ
ں㡣
裬ģģҡҪѽ
ЩûвҪ㡣һˣ侲侲
˼һ¡δ·ܳ㲻ôȥˡ
Ҳݽȥģףﶼס֣ȴ
͵
ңָңԺҪˡ
æ˫֣ҲԺҲˡ
ң۲תǧܴиܵ
İľΡҺܣ絶ʡ
Ҳôϸôʹࡣ
ιǿĵѹ˵֪ΪҺãҽ
İš
ĬƬ̣ͳһԿףҵԣ˵
ϣҶˡﰲĸϰÿ¿ԻؼһΣʲô
ҪҴ绰
ߺҴ㶵ɳϣǶ˻ƵģþúþòŻ
ǰյû룬չҵһԸˣϾҵ裬
ǲܵġ
һסǿĵĿͷ
һ˿룬ܿ廪ĻͻҰɡ
ûңҲûκε绰Ϣ绰ÿ
ֻԥþãջǷ˻ȥұԼôֻ
ҡ
գۼ͵µˣ½ҪȥʡϴѧˣΪҪѵԵǰ
Լһӣȥ죬ΪС
磬ϴһ׼·ţȻˡһ
ϲΪˣܿʶԿףûҪѽ
ɻߵǰ͸èȥû뵽ǰŵվǰ̧
ֲͣİ塣о̾ѣ˰ôҵģ
װڼңû뵽һֱţҲţҪһֱȥ
Ƶġһʱ䣬ҪٵˣԥΣ͵ذŴ򿪣˵
ˣٰͱ㰴ˡ
ŵֶ̧ЦĿң磬ԭڼѽ
ˣװˡ֪ڼҵġ
ŵץſĴӣ˽վڿҿ˵
ԭסطѽšô
㰡ô֪סģɻĿ
ҵˡ
ˣ˭ѽû˵˼Ƭ̣Ȼ򣺡
ŵЦĬˡ
ҸӲˣǲԸô˽ﻹнѽ
ŵЦųҰڰ֣~ Ҳ㲻Ͻ׻£ҵĻ
Ļ˭׳Ϣࡣ
ҿЦǲ˵϶ƭת
ŵ´һʵ磬ôҪ𣿡
Ҫšԣ㣬߰ɡ˸Ϳ͵ơ
ȥʲôѽ
ȥʲô
šһǸɩԼᡣ
бһҲеȣȻ顣
ǣҪȥԼᡣԣ㣬߰ɡ
ҿһȥ𣿡
ȥʲô
ѽһߵġ
. 
ϵԼصʱ½͵ˡŵʱ۾˲
һߣʵôְˣ 
εĻصģҪġ 
½Щˣ˵ߣû 
Ǿ͵ڣǵľͺˡ 
½С죺ôһݣôѽ 
ѽˡҲûͣק
ǰߡŵȻظں棬СβһҲûдǡ 
½̳תһȦ⿴Ȼȥһ
ŵҪȥӰȥˡ 
˵ҪȥӰ˵Ҫȥˣԣִ֣֮ʱ
ŵˣϴһȥĵӰزȥˣԣֳɡ 
ͬʱбƲ˵˭ѽϷòáȻ
½ǾͰ˼ȥɡ 
½ߵһĹĵ˵Ҳ볪ˡ 
ǾȥӰ 
Ҳ뿴Ӱ 
ʲô 
Ҫؼҡ 
˵꣬½תߡæǰסһʶ
Ǹ񾭲 
½üͷԺҲһԼᣬ͸ɣ 
ⲻǸұ˼ſڡһأ֤һء 
½ͷŤ 
Ҵյߣ˵Ҫǲ볪裬Ҳ뿴Ӱҵ
иõطȥȥ 
½գ۾ʵʲôط 
סĵطЦĿ 
½һȻӦСһ죬һ쵽Щ
¶ 
С˵ô㲻¶ʦ˵ˣʳɫҲ֮
ȻҸԶٺóԵģȻٻסĵط±˼ 
½Ƴһۣû¶ˣܲܰ
˼ȫѧϰѽ 
ǳһؼңһˢɣ 
½һۣ˵ˡ 
ϾͿѧˣһ߾Ͳ֪೤ʱˣѵ㲻𣿡
Ķߣջĵ 
һ㶼룡½̬Ⱥܼ漴ͻͷưŵʵ
ôѽ 
Ȼ취˦ˣ˵ʲôҲš 
½ֹ֣ѾǼҸˣ˵ĿҲﵽˣ
ﻹ㲻ѽ 
˭֪أҶ˵ˣǸ񾭲 
ͳֻѰһҲ׼ȥŵ˹ʵ磬
Ҫȥ𣿡 
Ҳ˵ֱ꣬˵˵ҪһȥҲУƣ
ԼǷݶǮԼ 
ûǮ 
ûǮһԿš 
ҿ԰㡭 
ۼҪ̧ߣܵƣҸϽСȥ
ˣ˭մأ͡ 
лл硣ŵõһЦ 
½Ƶʵʲô˼ѽ 
ûʲô˼æ˸ڣСѾͷһǵң
Űɡ 
½ɵĿңȴҲû˵ʲô 
ǰԤŵС֣ǵԵõ
ҿûԶȻɫһ䣬תܡ 
Һ½ͷıӰһƣ֪ʲôʱ
ֻǰԶһ˺ŵվס 
ѭȥֻһʮˣŸ۾ģ
죬ϸһ£Ȼ˺
ŵĴ󲮣ϴڰŵһܡ 
Ȼͦްŵģһ󲮼ұͲһ
ֵסȥ·ŵ͵ͣ½ŲĿң漴Ҳ
ʵʲôܣ 
ʹ˭˭ѽ⼸Ƶĺܣ֪˭йء 
½һңʵʲôѽ 
ҽƵһߣ˵ҡ 
ŵ󲮽üͷһƵĿңǣСӣʲô
ëѽ 
ҿëءôˣ۸һûûС 
˵ʲô㣿 
һֱãҸᷢйһЩءҲ˵ˣɴ
ڿƣ֣ϻ˵ɡȴһ˵ɡ 
½һקңԹϹ¶ܲͣ㣡 
ŵ󲮿ңƽʵǰŵǸͬĸ
ĸɣ 
֪ҵݣҵһҲȣϾϴǼ£Ӧ
Ѿ̸ˡ 
Ҳ֪㡣ǰŵĴ󲮰ɣ 
˵ͷ˵ͷ߰ŵһջؼһˡ̾
ͦģȥ 
ʲôǰĥ 
ŵüͷһ壬ŭ⺢ӣô˵ģ 
ҷ༥ⳤôģһ쵽С 
˵ʲôأʲôʱ򡭡˺Ȼסˣʵŵְˣ 
ûһػ˼ֱӣŮǡ˵
ͷŵ˵һؼҡҲҵ绰 
˵꣬ŵˣұ׷ȥʸףȴ½קס
ˣңô° 
Ķ֪ˣŵأһȦûпӰ 
ûӰˡ½ʵǸ˭ѽ 
ŵĴ󲮡Ҽ򵥵Ľ¸һ顣½ҡͷѣ
Ұãʵ̫ˡ 
ҽղŷ£ϸһ飬ȻоﲻԣȻ
еףоϣҲرɶˡϸ룬ʲôܴ󲮺
Űǰŵ˵ģ˵٣Ͳȫš 
ȻһЩ⣬ȴҲð˰ŵľҺ½ȥǰԤ
õĲͣȥҵĳ±˼ذһ绰
ˡ 
ҡֵñˡ 
û취ֻܶһߣؼܼįС¥ʱѾ
ϰ˵ˣͼվһŮˣңͷһ
͸׵ǳɫ£ԼɼһϺɫִһ黨ȹһ
˫ɫϵ͸Ь 
ӦһŮˣЩڷ飬ȹµ˫Ȼ˿
ое׳Ů˵Ƥܰף׵ķ壬ţ̣
Ůջزһܴ 
к棬Ҫȥƣ͹˹ȥŮֻڽ绰
ûдԿףɡϸģ
е졣 
Ҽװɢ߻ƹȥĵĻͷȥֻŮԼĪ
ʮ꣬ԲԲģһڿ۾˫ӣ꣬ǰһ˶飬
³ŵýģ 
ŮһʶǵӢʦƾꡣ 
ʦӦڸϹ绰ϱ鿴Щżˣ
˵ϸϸģᡣ 
¥µ˺þˣϷûء㵽æʲôѽ㲻
ѽֻﴫ˼ʦ촽̾Ϣð
ðɣæɣæɡ 
ʦҶֻͷ˼Ƭ̣ע⵽ңƬ̣
ȵʵС 
ҡ 
ôأ 
Цָָ§ϣס 
סʦƺţǰôûѽ 
˵ոģѧУѧһЩ 
Ŷǵǡʦַһ¾򣬵˵ͷ 
ҲǺģһĬվЩˡ
ŵ绰ݣòԵ˾䣺ʦûԿ𣿡 
šʦص˵ͷ 
ǡҪҪȥҼϢһ 
òã¥µһˡʦЦ󣬶˵
˵Ҫิһ꣬ʱҪǸϽؼҸϰȥɣҾͲˡ 
ѽûдšӢɼر𲻺ãҲ֪óᣬ
ԸҿС 
ʦЩĶˣԥ 
ôˣ߰ɡҲֱץס󣬽¥
ʦԵЩֲ΢죬ǣǰߡ 
ʦرʦƽʱҲôƢܺ۸
ӡڽ̵Ǹ߿࣬󲿷ѧҲ֪ѧΪʦҵ
Ӣɼһֱ̫ãʦҪκ󸨵ȥʵ̫࣬
һֱҲûʱ䡣û뵽ᵽȻʦסͬһСҲ֪
ϣǡԵ֡ 
ʦԲ⻬Ƥְۣģʮֱֵ
ݿڣʦѿ 
ʦ򿪵ƺЦŶ˵ʱļң
СӦøҲɡ 
ʦҿ˿΢Цŵͷһ¥ģͶһ 
ʦûԷɣ 
ʦһ漴æ֣ûϵûϵ㲻ùң
ϰȥɡ 
ʦ˼Ц˵ҲûԷأԵһ
Ͼͺá 
ҽʦɳ£˱ˮ򿪵ӣȻȥæ
ˡҰ֮࣬ʱʦˣԲ˵㻹
ѽ 
Ұѧġ 
˲òࡣ 
Цʵ⻰ʲô˼ҿŲǻӰ 
ʦЦͷ˵ȷʵѧУƤо̫
ҳӡ 
ǰȷʵᣬոѧġ 
ĬƬ̣ʦ˵ɡ 
~ òãؿϢȥɣϾͺá 
ʦҪæƴǣЩ˼뿪˳ 
æ˰Сʱ򵥵һЩˣϲ輸֮ʦԵЩ
нЩ˼꣬ߴ£Сĳһڡ 
ζôڴʵ 
ʦ΢΢һЦЩˡȻϲҲʵû̫̣
˿ζ 
˵ʲôȴҲ⡣˱죬ʦ
ħ˱졣ĬĬسʦʰ꣬Ȼ
һʱ䣬˵ʱ䲻磬һǻȥɡ 
ҹʦϹûֻǲ˼ѧ̫˶ѣ
Ȱ˵žŵ룬ƽʱҶǸϰʮ˯ġ㲻˵Ҫ
⸨𣿽Ǹûᡣ 
˵ʦƴˣԣҽ
Ӣ︨ʱʱشʦĻòԶ
˿Щ΢֣ʤʤηʣ 
Ƥ׵ľţ̣ͬŮĽ½ۣˮ
Ϊ͸ƬƬѩۼ¶⣬ֱµ
鷿ķӯβ˶ԲȹµСģȴҲ
޳ȳơ 
ʦԲԲģ̣˫峺Сɿɰ촽Ҳ
ֵֻԵʣӤʣ˵꣬ȴ˼ֺͯ۴
 
ʵʵ˵ʦ㲻ŮҲһͨ긾ŮŴҲȽ
ءǰѧУŮʦûעʦ 
۲죬һֺرĸоϵϢζ
ǳ츾еζһ㡣ո׳
ѬζŨң˺ɶɵϢɵýЬ 
ԼĪ˰СʱʦӵϹĵ绰˵ѾңϽ
ȥʦҽһЩѧϰϵĶȻؼȥˡȻѾˣ
ڷζȴþ޷ɢȥ 
 
մҴҶ 
½ˣҲʽѧˡһ¥迪С
ţеЩ⡣ԴӰᵽ֮ҲûңΪ
ӺͱƣҲûлؼң£ٴμ裬Ǿϲί
ζӳ£Ҳ˵ʲôζ 
ߵԣЦЦʵ裬ôˣ 
쿪ѧǸʦᣬĹľ 
ҿЦ˵ȥҰֲǲμӹʦ𣿽Ͳ˰ɡ 
Ƴһۣϳ 
ҹԹԵ˸ʻλϣһ̵ѧУ 
ѧۼѧУٳϣ뻮һУͷϻŲ
棬԰༶Ϊλڳ󣬷ǰ˺ɫдֱʤ
ţס꼶ѧڲٳΧжҳҲ˺
ΪǼ͡ 
ⳡȥͼˣʱҲѪڣҪȫĵͶ뵽߿
Уתͷͱ޾ķ¸סˡ 
꣬һҪƴȫ 
ʦʱѾ쵽ˣѧ֮Һȥ˳ȥǼҲ
ò͡Ҫһҵľģȴֲ֪οڣֻܵͷԷ
ЩΡ 
ĬãóֻƬ˵ĵģ㿴 
ҽӹֻһۣƬڶУŲӾźӣģ
ЩЩܡ 
оôʵ 
šиɾ˵⻰е顣 
ңĳ˵һرרעʱʱ
ߵ¡Ƿȱľרע 
š 
˵ʲô𣿡 
ҵȻ֪˵ʲôĵ˵ͷ 
΢Ц˵Ҫеľѧϰϣῼһ
ѧҵһݺùȻӡδǳõġ 
˳ȥ룬õĻƺ֣ҵǰ;һ
ƬǣڵЩӣܲζ 
裬Ժôѽ뱲һ˹ѽ 
ͷֳգŲӣ˵һ˹
Ҳûʲôá 
ҡ롭 
̧ͷң˰ҲûҼ˵ʵʲô 
ԭ˵Ҳˣһӡֻ˸ͷʶ
⻰Ϊˣô˵ֻΪѣҸʧ 
롭ٳһ㡣 
ͣߣҪţӭһڣ˵
ЦһȻϰ֡ŵһʶŮӡ 
ǿͦĵģϰŤͷȥЦŶǰŵŮ˵Ҳ
ζǳãǳһξ֪ˣҾԷ˵ͷ
ҺվǰԶɵһ㶡 
ϱЩһѾ촽΢΢һ¡ϰֵɫЩΣ
ŵǸŮվ￴ǣҲ˵ 
ĵشǣŮ˿ҪһЩĲƯ
Ҳӡû 
šѲɣϰǸٻ 
ԴӰˣ⻹ǵһμ档˶Ƭ̣˭Ҳû˵
ҼչΣæЦŴԲ֣ҲԷѽҸ
ոճꡣ 
ŶϰֱŹֵĵ˵ͷҪǽһˣȴֲ֪
οڡȿˣ˵˼ˣ߰ɡ 
ϰʱҼ죬̧һ£ƺ
ûκжһͷŵҲң׾ɰС
ϣûκα飬֪Щʲô 
һϱûκΪ˽⣬
޶ԵġҪ˵Щʲôο裬ȴŪɳ׾
ֻܹԹԵĸ 
ͣ豼˹ȥһײ˸ĵ
˼Щˤҿۼֿ죬Ӻ潫ס 
·ѽзİֱײġɤ 
Բ𣬶Բ𡣡Ǹ 
вޣվǰ˵㲻Ҳûͷֻ
ÿײŵˣҪײҽԺȥˣ㻹أ 
⺢ô˵أ߳ŭ 
һһѽקȻԴǸ˵
ûǴˡ 
ԹʲôǸѽͲңǰ˵ƿԲ
ɡ 
ʲôˣõϿΡ 
ԵЩĲɣеҪĸ 
ĥһ磬ǻۣ϶µǸŮ˸ϰֵĹϵ
ڿ϶ͦܵġȻȣһؼңһǾȥ
ڵ״̬е㲻̫ġ 
ѧ֮һصǱߣԥ˺þãͳԿ״򿪼šû
Ѿߵˣ֪Ϊʲôû 
û̻ûпߵǰ
ţιڴѯʣ 
裬ҡ 
Ƭ̣費õʵôˣû¶𣿡 
һ 
ʲôÿģϽȥɡ 
ûԷɣ 
ҲûеĻӦ˼Ƭ̣ת೴ˣæ
˰Сʱڽ˲ 
ٶȻصǰ÷ţ˵裬÷ˣ
Եɡ 
ûлӦ̾˿裬ˡǵóԷθ
ãٸˡ 
һת뿪ҷͻȻ˳
һƣ˵㻹ûԷɣ߰ɡ 
ҿĵʢһ࣬ǰӣһڣ
ЦѧϰɼûмļԽԽˡ 
Ķ棬Цһ˹Ҫǲǲ̫Ϊ
ˡ 
̧ͷңҲѧУʳóԷôؼһҪԼ
ʱ䡣 
ѧУǷǸ˳ԵɵʱԼҲԸʳõ
 
㲻ܵѽ 
СֹĶмķѽ˵Ҳɾ
֮ģ㲻һԷܸͼٷҲǼõѽ 
֪費Ϲһ¶ࡣҾȥĳþ߸
ûˣԼ 
οЦ湻ġ 
ͷӽ࣬˵ǰþǲ
ӵġ 
裬⻰˵ģױʲôѽ 
ؿۿңûлش𡣲˵Ҳ֪϶̬
Ѳ˹ϵ 
ҿʼͷԷãȻʵǲǶˣ 
ţʲôһʱûзӦ 
һԷǸŮ˵¶ҿһҲȡ 
Ĵָ޵裬ҹάǲԹɫĸ֡ǣ
Ұǰ˵ˣȱ˵ 
ָ˵ʲôˣ 
ԥһ£趼Ѿôˣ֪ˡϰ
ţҲûʲôˣɴֱ˵Ұ˵ҪˡƾǸǸŮ
ġ 
Դ󾪣Ҫˣ 
Ҳһ㶣ԭ֪ѽ 
轫һӣŭҾ֪ 
ʲô֪ʲô 
Ƴһۣ㣡ңǸСѾͷƬˣת 
ҵȻ֪ұǸŵѾͷˣתѾͷƾð˳ȷʵ
ҸôֲǱ 
ŭѾͷĻǵİǼҸɢһֱڰ
衣û뵽ô죬Ű겻Ͱֺϵһ𡣡 
ŵ裿費˵һ룬ͻȻӦ˹ɵþ
֣ǸŮģǰŵ裿 
һۣԭ㲻֪ѽ 
˵ٰˡ 
˵ʲôʲôôôѽ 
ʱ˵ʱҲ֪ôѽ˵ˣ˭û¶
ԼЦѽ 
һֱиɻ󣬰ŵô󾢣ǼҲɢˣΪʲ
ôѽѵΪϰָ 
ˣԭΪ˰Ǹߣڳλ
λȻһڡΪ˲ȡҵͬ飬ѳԼĸΪ
ȡһҵͬ飬ˤԼȡѾͷǡΪĿģֶ
ѽ 
Ҽ̽ʵ裬ʲôأ 
һʲô㣬ף֣һ 
֪˵⻰ﾹȻЩϲ
ϻװѹӣŵССͣô˼ܣ϶
ڱʹġĸŮ̫ɶˡ裬ǲܾô
䣬һҪ 
ûˡһɸֵı飬ݺݵصһۣ
ڳ˸߿ϰ֮⣬ȥЩ߰顣 
Ҳ̫ί˰ɣȫǣ 
ָ˭飬ʲôϵõȥȫ˼ң 
Ȼ֪ôܶԲϰ֣ĺܸˣֱĵòˡ
˵ģȻǺܺްŵһ棬ел 
극ʰ꣬񹩷һ뵽˿ɳ
ϡ죬Եúܲͷסش
һؼҡҴ뿪ʱǡûҺ󣬾֮࣬ϲ
֮飬ʵѽôˣ 
ҵļңôܻˣ 
˫ֲСԴ۾ңкأ
ú˵ǲ 
ҽһԣѹ˵鲻ãɱѽ 
ԽǱȥɫ䣬Сңô
ѽö˶˵ôˣ 
ҹصĶ˵㲻úѧϰһ쵽Ϲ棬
ĲСñ裬Ͻѧϰȥɣ 
ԣҵĻŰɣȷʵɫƣǲҵ
ҲȥŶӡҴææĻЬһԵģͷص
Լ 
 
ΪķԸѧУʳԻؼʱе
ˡ˵ݣӿڴԿʱְⷢŵڼԱߣб
Űﻹһ߲ˡ 
ҵͷ̧ͷңҽԿײšţͣƬ
̣Ťͷ˵˾䣺ɣء 
ŵæվЦĸҽ䡣 
һ߻Ьһ˶ˣ 
ѧˡ 
Է𣿡 
ûС 
ҳһЦãҳˡ 
ŵ۾һЩðŰĴЦ
˵ҿԼٳԵ㡣 
ˡ㻹ǰ齻һ°ɡ 
ʲô飿 
ת磬ϰһȥŮ˭ѽ 
衣ŵܴ󷽵ĳˡ 
㲻˵Ϊ֢ȥ𣿡 
ƭġŵһЦ 
ôֱ˵ĳϣҵЩ֪ˣȲ
ķʵôΪʲôƭѽ 
Ҫͬ¡ 
ŵ׾ѩ۵СյҵĸǰЦʵͬûа 
ҿЦ˵Ҫǲͬ㣬ܱ㵱ˣڱɵ׼
ͥˣͬ𣿡 
ҿԲѽ 
ʲô 
Լѽ

. 
ҪôңбŰŵ 
ҿ԰ѽ 
ʲô 
ѽ 
ҲҪ 
ɩѧȥˣһúܰɣŵ̧˸ߣƣЦ
˵ҿ԰ѽ 
ҺߵһЦػؾһУûʲôʻˣ 
ʵģŵҧָ˰죬һתһЦ
ô棿ҶԵġ 
붼û룬ִ򿪴ţӿ⣬ͷ˵¥
棬𣿡 
Ҹѽ 
ŵ߳˼ţһѽƵǽϣȻĿ
ŵǽϣŴ۾ãʶؽͷתһԡ 
ס°ͣСԴת˻ǿҡŵ΢죬
Ҳ֪ĺߣϷʵô棿 
ûʵȻô̹ף㲻˵˵׻ж
ң 
ûŵһ˫۾һգһգģȻƭˡ 
һ˵ϵǱ󲮺̴ģ˵Ű
㡣⻰мأ 
ܽȥ˵𣿡ŵЦĿңҶˡҽȥ
ǳԷʱϸĸ㣬òã 
áն˵ 
ǡǸʲô𣿡 
Ȱ۾ϡ 
ʲôѽ 
֪ˡ 
ŵգգ۾ԥΣ۾ϣʶĽСԴ
ǰСĺܾºܿɰҿɲٱСħŮԻסˣ
ϵصڣЬװ߲˵Ĵӣһ˳ȥȻ
ۡһŹϡ 
͸èȥŵƺδϵƵģ߲˴ӣ
űߣȻŴŻ˻֣С߿ˡ 
ε̾˿һ˺޵ȴ׽͸Сħ
Ů 
 
ȥϰۻ죬ǡǸաûѡڼ
һҲ 
磬Һͱһȥģֳϰ֮⣬ŵ
Ҳڡһμŵ裬ЩƣҼ龰Ѿ
һЩԤСͥۻὫŵһμӣҪ̯ˡ 
ϰֶǽʽĽܣ˵λ̣ǰŵ
衣 
ЦųǴк 
üͷ壬һѾıӦѾٲµЩʲô 
ϯڼ䣬ȫϰֳգҺͱŵ裬ûô˵
Եһ룬ϰ־ʱˣɤӣ֣µĶ
˵š¸ھҪ̽ˡ 
׼ˣȽ̹ȻĿɿڴӣȻǱˣ
촽˶֪˵ʲô 
ϰֿǣû˵ڵӦãһ
һƱȻϰǰù˰׾ƿԼһϰЩԣ
ұϾѾˣҲûֹҡ 
ҾƱϰһ£һȻĶϰ˵
ѡ񣬵ҼĻ¡ 
ϰЩ⣬ſվƱĿңüǰ첻Ǹ
˵ˣ㵱ʱô֡ 
ҵʱֻ֪ϰҪ飬ףѡ񡣵ǻɲ
֪ǰŵ衣ףҾ̫Բˡ 
ŵһԲҲƽʹͷһ
Ρ 
ƺҵ˼æָͣ粻ͬ⣬Ҳͬ⡣ 
ǣǡϰּԼϷһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôˡ 
ϰ֣ҵ̬Ⱥȷ˭飬Ҷףŵ飬
ҾͲͬ⡣ͣһ£˵Ұ֣ҪʲôҲ
ס 
ϰҡͷ̾Ϣ˺ð죬ҧ˵̻ˡ 
õɴ۾ 
ŵЩ죬קקϰֵ䣬ƺ˵ˡ
ϰû˵ϾҪˡ 
⵹еҵ֮⣬ҳŰŵ˸ĴָȻ
תͷϰ˵һǾ仰Ұ֣Ըʲô͸ʲôҹܲ
šǰŵ裬Ҳϡ 
ҸԼһ׾ƣٱϰ˵죬ҿ϶ǲȥ
ˡ쵱ӵģ͸ȸʹ졣 
ϰƺ˵ЩʲôȴֹƱȣ 
ϰֺȾƣСС֣㵽ֹһȴһſ
ϰʹҲԳȵһΡ 
һߺȣϰһ߻ǵͯȤ£˵˵ţͿ
ļ˵ҶԲ裬ҶԲͱ 
ҲѹоԲϰ֣Բ裬ϰ˵
ҵĴǵӵĴҪңҲɢˡ 
ûһ֮ҵĴ 
ŵȰϰٺȵ㣬ȴϰƿǳ⣺ҺҶ˵
أһȥ 
ŵίΣתһԣˮŵס
֣ڹο 
ϰѾЩˣ涵ĿңСǼĳӣ
ͽˡһҪչ˺á 
Ҳεת֪ˡϰôһ˵ֱסļ
򣬽§ڻ˵û⣡ͱͽϰ
ͷİɣ 
ǣôԹԵı§ţȻûзŵڶ棬
ǣҧ´Щӡ 
ʱϰѾĲʡˣŵԱ
¥µĳһԼߣҪңȻͷֲ嶫
ˡ 
ŵҵһ࣬Ҫңȴֵ˻ȥƽʱ
СħŮȻ¶ѹĵı顣 
ŤͷŰŵĴָԳЦ㡭Ŀġ
ѾﵽˡǡŮ㡭ŲߡҲ㡣 
磬ߡƳһۣҪ뿪 
ŵͷĬã˵ǰǸְ֣ҲȾơ 
ţû˵ʲô 
ŵһ̧ͷ˵ǰǸְ֣Ҳ
ÿκˣҶֶţΪ˱ңÿضıˡ 
۾Ƭ̣˵һΣȥɽ
Ҹң軤ңʧֽȥ
ˤˡ 
¶ҵǵһ˵Щ𾪡ǰϹεˣҲ֪
ЩǼ٣ߺʵ㡭˵Щʲô 
ûʲôҾǾ̫ˡΪʧ꣬
֮󣬹ûˣҲֻʣһˡΪңҺ衣 
Ȧģȴǿţдʹ𣬿
Ϸ 
Ҳ֪˵ʲôĬƬ̣˵ҾšҲܹɣ
Ǹá 
ŵһ±ӣ˵֮Լһ޿
Ҿһҡ 
ЦЦ㡭Ϊ˸Ҹң١Ǽҡô
ô˽ѽ 
ҳ˽ôҶС裬ⶼţ
֪ 
Ҳ֪⻰м漸ּ٣κģҲûֱ棬
һڱĲ£˵ݡ 
ŵվԭأȥʲôҲû˵ 
ΪҺȶˣ⳵˾Ըӻ˸绰һ
㿪˹ 
ҿӳٺɵЦ裬ôˣ 
ü΢ôȳӣ˶ѽ 
࣬Ҳ͡ƿ 
ŭ򱱱ôôࣿ˭ȵģ 
죬һί˵ҡ 
ɵЦ˵ҡҰ֣ȡȵĺܿġ 
һ̾ϢãȳʲôѽְϹ
ˡ 
ͱߣϳղһֱűڼ裬
ԾؾϿһĳݣһҵԴ 
磬ѧУѧȰͻѧУȥȻͷؿ
ΪҺȵ̫࣬һ˻سģʱӵ˼ 
С¥£轫Ҵӳ˳޹ǣ̱
ļͷѩĽգۻƤ£͸һ˿Σ
ǻǹ㣬ֻŸˣһȣ
ˡ 
ܲܺú·üԹȾƣѧ˺Ⱦơ 
ǳδˣôһС߯Ѿѩ
ϣбĵģ˵Ķˡ 
𷽲žϯϰֵĶԻί̣ҵ
һ¶̧ҪĨȥ飬ɵǺǵЦ裬
ÿ 
豻ҵľٶһһƣ۵ңʣ
ʲôѽ 
裬һȣѹĵ׵ĸһӿͷž
˵˳裬ҡӦϰˣҪչ㡣 
֪˵Ҫѵңȴֲ֪Ӻοڡ 
òš 
Уվһԣλƣؿ˵Ӻɷ˵
㻰ҡӦϰˡͱչˡ 
չ˺Լɡ㶼ʲôˡ費ͷ˵ 
ҡܣҡңҾҪչ㡣˵䣬Ȼ
ͻȻɤţ֣ƣ 
ͻȻ֣ɵһ漴Ӧ˵㷢ʲ
ôƷأ 
ϲ㣡Ҳ֪ԼôˣѾǻˣ˵ʲô
ӿˡ 
һҿ˿ҿʱ䣬Сûʲôˡ 
ƷˣϽؼҡ 
ҲֻĿѣǰͣתţǵõ
ƵģѹõĻһԵ˵˳㡭㲻˵Ҳ
˵ϲ㣡 
ˣϽؼ˵ 
У㣬㡭˵ϲϲң 
ϲϲҶӣҵȻϲˡ 
費ͷҪקҸ첲һ˦ 
Уҡӡ 
˭ѽ 
ǣǸˡ 
ʲôѽĵˣ 
˵ҡңôˣ 
ĻǸˡˣһؼҡ 
ק¥ߣɱ˦ 
ҡҺˣ˵ʲô㡭׼ 
ŭѾˡϽһؼң 
ϰ֡ϰҪˡ 
ĬƬ̣˵ͽ£ 
ûҪҪˡ 
ңͨ죺СǲǷˣ 
ҲΪԹԵ˵ҡҪ׷㡣Ժ󡭡ԺҾǣ
ˡ 
ҹƣȷϸûˣѹСһ㡣
ٺ˵˵ҾͲ˰ 
˵գҪߣһһȥ§סԸеĽ
ζֻûȣļͲ̧ͷ
Ĵȴ 
ǲʧɫƵģܵƿ 
ҵһ࣬ŵǲ޻վȣƵת˰Ȧ
ĵб˼һһ˵˵ԵĻֻɲһ
˺ѰľʹӲһ漴һҽС 
ԭΪװģܿͷֲԾˣҵڻ˫
ɲɫɷףǺ顣 
æӣҪҼ飬ȴֲ֪Ӻ֣۵˺ѷΣ
æͳֻҽԺ˵绰 
ʵ۵Ժ֮䣬ֻڲͣİοңÿҪ
ˡ˺þãȻڸ˹ұҽԺ˼ں
˲پƣͷκģټҩЧȻ̨˯˹ȥ 
Ժ֮ҽ죬ϲأҽ˵΢е
أļʱȽϳɹ 
ʣ᲻ʲô֢ҽ˵пܻһ̶ȵĲ
ʺСҲǿġ 
Ҳ֪˶ãҽ˹۵ҩЧ
ȥˣ±Ҳ۵ĲУ¾͸ɢ˼Ƶģһ㾢ûС 
ŤͷȥֻڴߣЩ㲡ſҪ˵ȴ
ɳƵ˵״æˮιЩ׿ 
˵ˡ˵Щﲻɵһ
飬ҿ˵裬Բҡǹġ 
û͵˵û¡Ժôˡ 
һ˵Щʲô۵ʵüʵ裬ôѽ 
㡭üͷ壬ҧ´ã˵ײһʯ
ͷǸ˵ˡ 
Լ˵ĲλȻЩˣ׷ʵϲѽ 
ҽ˵Ǻصġܳɹ¾ָܻˡ 
ҼɫΪѣЩǣڰοҡԽô˵
Խˣλˣ»ˣܹȥطҪǲ
ˣ±ӻŻʲô˼ѽ 
۲ˣʵ 
ۡ 
ۻС£δ֪Ŀ־壬Ҫġ 
ҽ˵ˣֻ΢𣬹ʱͺˡ 
Խ˵赭дҾԽǺ£ԺҪǶûˣһ
ʲôѽ 
һҽҼ飬˳ѯҼ䡣 
Ҽ͵ʵҽҵûѽ 
ûʲô¡ҽͬ赭д 
İ 
ġܳɹҪע⣬Ҫܴ̼Ҫ𡣡 
ȷʵʲôҽԺסͱӻؼˡҽ˵
ܳɹûʲô⣬һСܵ͵ƵģͻŵòС 
ʱû취ȥѧУѧֻڼ︴ϰҵ̬ȷ˺ܴ
仯չ˵΢ƺƢˣֱǻһ
ġ 
ھΰɣô˵һ£˵ġҵ
ȻҲϲ裬ԽҾԽšòĲ˰ɣ 
Ӷ¶ѧϰһпվȥٶԽԽţ
оԼķˡ죬ʵ̲סˣʱҿʵ裬
Ҹʵɡǲġ̫ˣ 
ԣЩ緹۾Ŀңʵ˵
ʲô 
ܾڹҡҡǲǣ̫ˣ 
˺ð죬Цõ˵Ӷʲôأ 
üͷ˵ҡҺ£ҪһҪһ
ˣԺôѽ 
ûôءҽ˵Ǽ򵥵һСʱͺˡ 
ȥٶˣ˵Ǻ˺ܻк֢ܻᡭ
Ť˰죬˼˵ܻ 
ѽ~ ε̾˿㲻ҽģȥٶѡٶ
ϵĻ𣿸ðܸ˵ɰ֢ûҲų 
Ҿɥ˵裬ҾⱨӦˡ 
ܲеϢѽôôСѽ 
Ҳ뿪һ㣬¶Ǹ˶Ŀѽ 
費ͷ˵벻ͱˣ극Ͻݿȥ 
°뱲ӵҸûˣĶ˼ѽ 
ܱܲԼŻԼˣҶķˡ 
ұһԹԻȥϰĶ˼ѽԽԽ
Ļţֽű֫겻ֱð亹Ϸȥľ˯ţ
ҽͬ˵ĻټСܵϣӾЧʵڹڳ
ÿϲ۵Ҫ 
Խţүҵĳͷˡ 
ڼ尾жȹ˼죬ұȥѧˡǡøϸײԣ
ɼԣӢ￼úܲ 
ʦҽе˰칫ңžӣʵСĳɼôԽ
ԽˣҼǵȥ߿߰ɣ 
ǡûá 
ΪʲôûѽԭĶҿɼΪʲôƫƫӢ
ɼôʦᣬǹ֮顣 
ڷúܣ˼ûѧϰϣ˵˾䣺Ǿû̺¡ 
ʦңβ˵˾䣺ˣȥɡ 
תߣһſ칫ʱͻȻʶղǾ仰˵
еˣתҪǸ֧˰죬Ҳûſ 
ʦ̧ͷһۣһ±ϵ۾ʵôˣ
𣿡 
šû¡ 
ϰʱͻȻŽһС
 
һܵվͣһ˺ʹ
ϡһϱһѾ 
ôˣʵ 
˶ǿʹһʮѿ΢Ц˵û
£ײһ£еۡ 
Ͻȵ 
Ҽȣһһ˹ȥƱˣͬѧ̲סʼ
˽Цοߵǰɻʵ㵽¶û 
ʵ̫ˣѧУˣû˵ˡ
Ұڰ֣˵û£û¡ʦʲô£˵ɡ 
 
Űʹţﷸˣȥ
ҲûϾʱ⣬ҿʵĺء 
οңʵ綼ʦ˵ʲôˣ 
ʶæͷϴ󣺡ҿڲ
ԣұʦǸš 
ôûǸѽ 
ҲգҡҲ֪Ϊʲôû˵ 
εңʣʦˣ֪֪ 
ûôذɣ 
ʲôûôأ㵽׸ʦ˵ʲô 
Ҿ˵ʦƿĶУΪʲôӢ￼ô 
ô˵ģ 
˵Ǿû̺¡ 
㡭ָңһʦѧô˵ܺ
ô 
üͷҾŲڰɣ 
ʲôвڣȥʦǸȥ 
Ŷ 
ҵ˵ͷת칫ҷߣκס˵ʦ
ϢءϿȥ 
ʦסУѧУŸʦʱϢĵطһ·
˵ĻȷʵеˣǶºĸʦ
ѧôԼﶼܵġ 
Ҵٳǰ¥û뵽ڹսǴӭʦײ˸š
ɫҴңɫ糣Ѿˡ 
ߵǰ˸кʦЩ⣬ЦЦ
ʵ㲻ϿΣʲô 
ЩεЦһ£˵ԲʦҲ˵Ļ
˵꣬˰벽Ȼؾ˸ 
ʦ漴Цûʲôûʲô 
Ĳ⡣е㲻ѣ̫ˣһʱڲԣ
ȥѽ 
ûʲôҵȷʵޡ 
Ǻʦһλְĺʦѧϰ棬
ϴ˵ţ־һ 
ʦЦˣûµģϽȥϿΰɡ 
Ǹ䣬תҪؽңû߶ԶͻȻһ̾
Ϣͣ½ŲͷȥʦվԭأͷֵŶͷһ
صӡ 
˻ȥʵʦôˣ 
ʦͷתһԣҰ˰֣ʵ˵û£Ͻ
ȥɡùҡ 
Ǻû˵ģ˶Ƶóûµġ 
ʦǾ仰治ģû뵽˵ôҵǸ
ɣ´һúÿвУ 
ʦһ˻ֱһᣬŤͷЦ
ûϵ 
ҼȦͨ죬ȻЦݣȴڱ֮飬Ǿ仰
ˣҲɿôɡ 
ʦǲʲôˣҪ⣬ܸ˵һ𣿡 
ĸûϵϽȥϿΰɡ 
ʦʲô£ѹҵǷֻǸ
ѡڵʲô£Ҳ˵ģٴεǸ֮󣬱ؽ
ȥˡ 
 
ʱһΣһ¹ȥˣСܵܵˮ׽ȥеĽȴ
վԴǴ֮󣬾ҲûгˡԽżԽǲܣ
ŸָĴ̼ڣСġСӰʹʲôֶΣ
޷̼ 
Ҳı˰ɣ 
ҽǲ֮ʱ½ʡǻˡϴλ֪
ˣʱûףҲʲô̼ľٶȲĽ
е˳ 
һݣҾȲĽ§ڻֶ֣šϴ
ѾܾúܾˣƺôһŻ𣬿ĺܣ㱧
ȴȫ޷о 
ֻҪһһˣ§׵ģСܵܣ
ſſģûа㷴Ӧ￪ʼˡ 
½ϢŽƿеʵ𣿡 
żһۡ 
ǡ½һۣ΢죬ҧҧ´
ôＱҪ𣿡 
ӦòҪɣô˵ȴǻ飺ⲻǣ
 
½Щʲôҵѽþá 
æǸǲǡⲻѵûһҲõĲ
ˣһΣе㲻̫ʡ 
½ģ̫⣬ 
ҽ˵˴ϣһ޳֮䣬ָ·
Ůǰ⣬촽޳ѩ׵Ĳϣһһµšҵ
ȺģԴȴһţȷСܵһ㷴ӦûС 
һ¡ 
½һʼûʲô˼Ƭ֮󣬽ſ˽ȥ
ֱ䡣ظеůСָżͣԾſſģ
Ƶģûа㷴Ӧ 
ô£½ɻĿҡ 
ҡ 
Ҳ֪ôͣҡԽżԽӲ
ҵ촽ţ˵ܡ̫ûã̼̫ɡҪ
һ°ɡ

.
½Сļִͣ꣬ʼղӦƲƲ죬
ֳ˳
ûָ𣿡
Ҳ֪ôͣ¹˵ϣֱֲӳϣֻ
Ҹڣҽ˵ָҪһʱ䡣ܳʱûˣܻ΢ٶһ
㡣ҪɣҺһ£ɲɣ
죿½Щɵؿҡ
ʱˣҲܸõ
ҺҲãǰɣ
ŵһϺ˵˵½бۿңͻȻ̲סЦ
òʲô˰ɣ
ʲô
Ǹˣˡ˵꣬½̲סЦ
˵˵ôأ˭ѧģôƶҲˣ
߰ɣ߰ɣҽӴקơ
½˫ֵסţ˵ʲôҲȥǸԲ𣬶Բ
Һ˵˵ҴˣҴˣ
˵½ҿЦڿڣСĺܣ
סšҪųˣ͵һӻˡ
š֪֪½ͷһ
̲סЦ
Ҳû취ˣ¶ͦ˵ġҡͷ̾Ϣ½
æȰ˵ûϵûϵĲˣҲġ
ãǰ˶ˡҴ𵶵һ˫Ȳ
ָſ䣬˵ϻ˵򣡡
½æڳһСϱҵǰͷ˵ǣ
Ǵүǲ𡣡һ˵һֽҿͬڿһק¶
ƤһСܵܡ
½̧ͷңͻȻСܵᵯһ£۵İһ
˵ëۣ
½Цƽ棬ҫģʵ˰ɡ
Ҳ֪ô˰죬ߵһЦУھ͵
ɣˣܵġ
½סغ˵࣬ЦǰҶȲ
ˡ
٣½ǷǰɣĶôϻϽ򡣡
½ƲƲ죬Ȼǰ㣬ڿ䣬ַſſ
Сͷһ˫ˮĴ۾ʼ̧𣬶ҿ
ǰҺöˣô״̬£С
ǵһΣǸоĺҵͷûɵ˾䣺оô
½̧ۿңﺬżͣܶġ
ģ
½ͷ˻ü˵Ӳʱ͹ֶĵģģ
͸ˡ
ҽˣһְסСԴ
˻ȥٷϻ򡣡
½סȻ̧ͷʵҰ˰죬ôһ
㷴ӦҲûа
ұʵһ̣æҽڣǻĲѽ
ɵţô㼼ɡ
½ƲƲ죬º򣬻ʱ
⣬ͷۣνʮ˰ȫˡ
Ϣнƨۣأƺһ
Ӧʼոо޷ͦԽˣҵԽǻ
ո̧ͷ˻ȥ
½Ѿ˰죬ʼ޹̧ͷίͰ͵Ŀң˵
Ҿˡ
һʣ˴ϡ½Ҳоԣæſ
ҵԣοģ˻ûãûȫָ
Ťͷʵʲôʱܺѽ
½Ϊˣ֧˰죬˵ǸҪѯһҽˡ
ҪһһӶָأ
˵ɥ½ḧҵգϸİο
һõģҪԼ˵ˣҽѧѾôȽˣʲô
κõġ
šҲֻԼοԼˡ
½ſҵĶߣ˵ʱͿĸˡ˵
գСһ죬ҵĻ
дΪжԼΪɵΣ§ļ
˵Ǻù㣬Ⱳĸ
½Сؿڴ˵˾䣺ġ
ʲôģ
˵Ļġ
黰
˵оرŤ
ȫָܻܲҲû쳳ܡܹ˼ҵ
ϣĺܸм¶һʱУҪһӶǲĳ
̫ˣһŻʲô˼
ϻصڳ죬̽ͷһۣʵȥ
ˣôŻ
½ȥתһȦڻһ䣬صڴϣ
ͳֻʼ
ЩѾ˺ܶˣ϶ɰпƴˡҹ
Ӧǹڽģ롣½Ŵ̼һ
£ˣȻȻͺˡû뵽һöûС
Ѳɣ½ѾûҲԭʼĳ嶯˭ܰæأ
ҵԺһ뵽ľ裬¶ᶼᣬ֪
϶ûϷʣµľǱͰŵˡ
ˡ
ŵ϶ͬҵģֶΣ϶ܴ̼ҵ˵
һӾͺˡȥһֱţҲͲͷġ
֮⣬ܴ̼ҵģƾԭζ˿ˡǣ
֪ˣ϶Զҵġ
Ϊ˸βΪҺ뱲ӵҸģ
ʱƲ֣ʵôˣҲûԼڡ
Ķôܸ㵽ԭζ˿࣬¶϶ܸ˵
ģҲġ˸ڣθеܡ
ҷʳƬҪƬ𣿡
ˣʵҲû¶
ûлҿ飬˵ڿ￴ӣϢһʵ
ŻѰһᣬҪ͵ԭζ˿ࡣͽϰʱɫ
˿ͦõģɫȻһɵķף͸
˳ϸ塣
Դ֮󣬺ܾûпȥעϵ˿ˣҶ
ڹ㣬̼ڲһˣҪĴ̼
ȥʼҲᡣԭζ࣬׷
أ
˰Сʱ̲סˣʵڸʲôأȥ
ģ
裬극ˣҪҪȥߣ
Ƴһۣʵִʲôأ
ʲô⣬ܳʱûиܰȥˡ
ȥȥ裬ҲҪѽ
ʵ̫˽ˣ˵һ仰ľʵҲ
ᣬ󱻸ϻѧϰϰȥˡĥĥȥое㲻סʵ
Уɴ̹ˡ
ǣʼ²˾ġҲ֪Ϊʲô¶½֪
Ҳ֪
ֻججĹ죬СܵȻûвļҵԽԽ
о¶ˡ
ϻ˶£Ҫ˶ҵ
˺ܾˣϰʱôһᱡ͸⻬ϸ
˿࣬ؼҺѵˣӦþͷ
ߺȷûΣգĵǰ
ÿγŶὫҷϣҴСһѿĺա
򿪷ţŷζϵζ
ĺþûˣִ̼˷ִŵĸоֱ̫Ϥˡ
ұ۳Ƭ̣ʼڷڷ䲻󣬿Ϸŵ
ڣȽϷģԽ·˴ߵ¼ϣڿ
Լ˿࣬ȫ˴ߵϴ
Ȳԭζ˿࣬ڱǰ棬̰һڣ
Ϥζһȣֻһ龢Աֱͷ
Ӷ˼
ܸоһŻȼԭſſļͣ
̧ͷ
ʱſʹһ飬æͷȥֻһ
վǰ˫ԭζࡣ
Ƭ֮ĺСڸʲô
裬ҽ͡ŵȶӴתոЩɫٶ
˻ȥ

СʱڿɳϣֵֶͷһΡѾ
Եɺгˣ֮󣬼ֹ̾Ϣҽ˵
ٴˣָ׶ΣǻһЩϰģ㲻Ҫѹ
ڿⲽ鼱˵֪Ҳѹѽ
ĸôȣܰ¶ôġ裬ðѽ
֪Ƿҵ˼üͷһ壬ôѽ
Ҳ֪ڷúܣ裬ҪԺòˣҸôѽ
Ƭ̣˵ɣҰѧУ٣Ҵ
ȥҽ
ɵʵҽܰκ𣿡
ô֪Ҫȥ˵ɡ
ŶԴ˪Ƶġ
̧ͷһ㡣ѵôС£Ͱ
ˣ
ҿЦ˵Ҳ֪㲻ˡҪ治ˣҪҲ
ûʲôˡ
Цõ˵һ쵽¶ûʲô׷
˰
±˼Աˣŷܺˣⲻ౾
ЦУ㻹пˣƶ죬˵㻹ûȫ
ҿĲˡ
һ䣬תҪط䣬Ȼסңһͷȥ
죬ֹһ֣ˣûˣȥɡ
ĥ赽˵ʲôأȥǸ͵ÿйأ
Ҫң״̬Ҳÿѵҡ

˸٣ڶһȥҽԺҽ˵
һָͦõģûзԲ䣬ǳڽǣѹµġ
ұϾᣬָҲѣֻҪ飬Ҫ̫࣬ƽʱ壬
ܿͻ῵ġ
⣬ʵĽһЩԴ̼ҪȳԡָҿһЩ
ҩ塣Ҳ֪ҽǲڰοңڵĲѾԽ
Խˡ
ȥ·ϣշ̣Ŀһۣ˫ֱأ޾
Ŀڳϣʵʲô룿
ûʲô룬оҽ˵˸û˵һĻ˾䡣
㾫ӣܺõôҽ˵ˣҪɣ
Ҫѹ
һ˸ƣ̾һ˵˶ٱˣҲѹѹ
һֱңʲô취
ĬƬ̣˵ҽ˵ƽʱ塣
쿪ʼ𴲣ȥܲ
Ťͷȥüͷ裺ܲ𣿡
û˵Ǻõġ
ĹˣҪڻҪҳܡ
費ͷ˵㲻Ͽͱôϻҵģ
š޾ɵĵ˵ͷ
ˡŤͷһۣʵ¸ھҪˣ㲻
ȥ·𣿡
·ʲôֲȥҽתһԡ
ֽ飬㲻ȥ
ǻǰأôȥ
٣ô˵أҴǲ
ֱӣͷ˵Ҳ͸˵Ҳȥ
ǼĳӣҪȥֵöѽ
Ҷûˣһʲôѽ˵ҲȥҰ˲
֪Ҿ֪Ҫȥˣ϶ˡ
ʲô˵ģ
Ǳѽıѡ
бһۣ㱳ѽôС𣿡
ǣؿ󣬿ҵöҳѽ
費мĺߵõҳ~ 
ˣ˵˵ɡڷܵ
費ңרĿĬһ֮ԥԥĿ˵裬
м¶˵һ£֡ѽֲ֪ô˵
費ͷ˵ˣʲôֱ˵ɣòŸʲôػս
ǸǸ˫ּ˫֮䣬Щִٵػţ
֧֧˰죬֪ôڡתһ룬Ѿˣʲô
˼أɴֱ˵˵ղҽ˵ʵĽһЩ̼

͵͵裬ûпҲбңڵ˵
һ׳ŵӼ˵ǰ죬½
һµġûʲôЧ
һЩ΢ı仯ûнӻ
ұǰеϣϣΪ̼һ£ʲô
ˡǡ
ĬΣޱġšһûҵĻ硣
Ĵǣҿ϶֪һ˼ģװͿҲ
˵

峿Ӿͱȥܡüͷɥ
һߴŹǷһԹǲе̫ˣ鿴
ո˯š
㻹벻ˣҽ塣˵ţҲ˸Ƿ
Ҳûȫ˯ѣǿԼġ
β˯ȷʵһѵѡãΪҺ뱲ӵ
ҧǿлԼϴˢ˶
ͷβ裬һɫ˶Сģһ
ɫ˶Ǻɫֿ㣬ϴרҵܲЬǰ
ΪֹһʱĳܣʱҴ֣Ҳһӡ
еѣҲûмˡ
Ҹ¥׼ֹͣϥǰ
ֱŵףһѹһ߶˵һ֮ڴһ֮
ڳкܶôģܼ³´лһ춼
һ״̬
Ŷ̲סִ˸Ƿֲ˲ᡣ
ת˶رǰĻԲ
ټ֫ϸԵز˶ϣԲڣ⼷һ
鹵ڰϸµļϣֳ˵ۻɫ
ǡ
Ҹ׼˶۾ȴһգգĶӣÿתһ
ӣزŻζԲεȾ۵ףۻңܸо
ʲô춯š
˶ĴҲкôġһˣȥϴ裬
ȥѧоһ춼رġ
ѹǰĶȻѾʮƽ
ʱ٤Էǳĺãϰۣ˫ֺ׵档
վб󷽣ۼĽĽأ̣ԲԸУ
˫֮䣬͹һСҵԺﲻǱİ׻
ֻһȣһ¡
ƺǸܵȵĿ⣬Ťͷ㶵Ŀ
ɵһŭŸʲôأѽ
ŶŶæͷӦΪΣҵչ˶
ǰܣҸں档ˬ·в
ڳܶһһ߶˵ȻʼˣҪȥĿÿ
ʮڵʲǺܺãո𲽣ÿ幫ܼ
Ͳˡ
ʵܼأ
ҡһ£ߵһʮӦûʲôɡ
ĹͿʼˣǻãҲעȫڱ
ĵطҲûŶۡ
ļ͸˷Ƶģһرİ壬鷿ʵ̫
ˣǴ˶ģĺܽһǻ»ζγһ
İˣټ촽ĴϢ˸档
һӣڼֲסˣֱͣĨȥͷ
ˮͣߣЦ˵ʮǹ̵ѽ
Ƴһۣû˵þûˡе㡭
ˡ
˵ˣҿʣҲüǿˡ
ϢƬ̣ǰܣҸԣͷ㺹
Ƥ壬һ¡˵ҵȷʵҲô
һ֮Ҳˡ
Һ·ͣ˫ֳϥϢ졭ȵ
ɡ졭
ҵظȻţÿܲ
Ҳͦġ
ͬ˵ܲһ󺹣ȥ裬Ȼٳ緹
оˬ³ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ弲ֳ
ϣϿʱҲ˲١
ѧУʳããࡣ÷֮ҶŲλã
ȥڽ￴ʦڲǰ˫ַһ۾
ǰķһҲûж
ԥһ£˹ȥʵʦҿ𣿡
ʦһ̧ͷͻȻ֣Ȼ۾ûǸ
۾ݻʮ־ġ
ŶСʦæ۾ãȻ˵ɣ
ûˡ
ʦһķˣֻһһˣ
ʳûСЦʵʦͳЩѽ
ţҲ̫ʦ΢΢һЦȴ͸һ˿Ϣ
ӣʼáʦûж꣬һֻ
Ϣͷһۣɵó̾һ
̧ʵʦⲻǲʲôѽ
ţʦһʵʲô£
ʲô£ͻȻϣ¥¸Ϲ绰Ļ棬
Ц˵Ӧøйء
ô֪ģʦȵ
Ц˵ǻ¶ı顣
ʲôѽ
һ£˵Թίرۡ
ʦһ죬Сӣ˵˵ͣһ£ʵ
ˣ
ţġ
ΪʲôѽһڣʦƺǾŲӦʵģæ˰֣
Բ˵ġ
﷢¶ȷʵ̫ø˵ЦЦͷԷһ
ʦִֻϢûֱӽֻ
ϡ
ԥһ£ʵʦʲôѽܸ˵һ˵
ҿ԰ǽ
ʦһۣܰʲôѽ
Сңȥһ꾭¶Ӿ綼Ĳ
ûôѽ
ѪˣҸ˵
ʦȻҵĻ棬΢΢һЦʼͷԷһòͣһ
͵͵ȷʵе΢֣岢ûҲûиرӷ׵ĸ
ҲȳƣƵԲֱͦ۾ȴʮ
峺ЦеģʮֵˣƤְۣ֬ʮ
ˣˮġ
ʦûͬ˵Ҵҳ緹ֻ뿪ʳò
ȥıӰҲ棬Ȼûʦǰʲôģģʮ
꣬ǸŮߣ΢һأ϶Ҳ
Ưˡ
ҾͿʼÿϸ賿ܶȻǿԼ𴲺
ʹܹ࣬͵ԾǺ˿ĵġ
һΰ¹ȥˣϰٻ죬ô˵ңҶûȥ
벻˼٣Ҳûȥ
ϸ賿ܣҵȷʵı䣬ǰ
죬ҲǰǿˣֻǻûԵĸƣѾܡڼ
ִȥһҽȥ赼ûκɫ
ϣرʧ»ص˽겻·ʧߡǡ
顢ֲ̿Ҹо綼˻Ұɫ˼úѧϰһ
ģ⿼ԳɼֱҲ̶á
صЬʱɳſһˣһļҾ
ֻһɫ˿࣬ϸСɵİ˿һһ̵ġ
˵϶Ǳżٻˡһۣкˣ
ҡšһЬŻңȻص˿
ͷҲûأſɳֻʵ˵㿼Կˡ
˭˵ģ
˵ġ
ֻ˿С𣬵ڰգһһεģҵ߲
ı˹ȥĲɵ˵ţֱ˵ʮˡ
ǿ湻ҵġһ˵Ͱ̾ġ⸴ôԽɼ
Խѽ
š˭֪ءڻ˾䡣
ֻһֳֿɵļҾӷøǹƨɣŰɫ
˿Ůȣ΢΢С̣Ƕȣǡܹ˫֮
زλȻЩʵУˡ
ҷĲɡ޾ɵģǲʲô¶ѽ
ĿתĶűĿ䲿λ۵Ůˮ
ȻûۼӦøһǸ׻ͷСѨ
Ҹоһȣйɳ嶯ɱһֱӵ˿䲿λ
ſſļ¡Ҳɵһ˷ܣоأҪ
ͦ۷硣
ǲΪϰָŵ¶
ûпԺôſɳϣ
ŮԲΣɫͬڿһ˫֮䣬¶İ׻СѨ
ҹ˫סСƨɣͦżӲյº
ŮѨǰһͦ
иоˣ
Ұûж͵ػͷʵ㻰أ
һæͷתһԣǡÿվڳǰݺݵص
ҡ

3.7  
    Ϊ˶㿪õߣһҵĽͷŤһԣȴȵķ֣վ
ſڣ˫ĿԲݺݵصҡ 
    ղŵһϵΪ϶迴նҵľ棬ɵô
˸¡ 
    ǿװ£ͷת˻ȥʱղ˵ʲô 
    ſɳϣͷң˸ۣǲմѽ
ôӦôɵġ 
    ΪΣںߵЦһúܡ 
    Сҹ轿ǡ 
    һŤͷȥվǰһŭĵҡ 
    Ʊͷ¶һͬı飬ǶҼܵı
Ϯʾ 
    ҽƬ̣ԵҪԵģĥĥĸ
ҡ 
    Ϸţңһŭݣȴû˵ 
    һķëƬ̣ǿװЦ裬ʲô¶𣿡 
    ĬΣʵղŸʲô 
    ŬװһãȻ֪ӣͷԥһ£ղţ
šʲôҲûѽ 
    ղվڱĶأ 
    Ķ 
    ҼװɵšҡղڷأҲ֪Ķء 
    ֪װɵ㶣ûʲô취̧Ҫһƣ
ڰУãסˡ 
    ңؽҧѹСʲô뷨
ΪҲ֪ 
    پһΣ뱱Զ㣡ҪһҾ͸Ͼĸ
ϵ 
    ˪ؿбѹȸӭоΧĿ˺ü
ȡ 
    Ҵ㶵Щ֪룬ͺһҵĻԷ硣û
У 
    Ҳɵһҵĵ˵ͷˣˡȻæ
ͣ裬ʲô뷨ҲûС 
    Ϊŭһһ󣬶˺һŽƽϢ
ŭĶ˵˾䣺ˣȥɡ 
    Ҵ˹ȥ򿪷ţҲƵ뿪˷䡣 
    бɳԣҳæ˹ŵĵʵ
ô跢ôĻ 
    ҺܽҪˣǹӵ
Ϣûɵһ꣬Ҳûʵʵ˵˸ڣ
û£û¡ 
    ŽɣҲڰɣܾû跢ôˡ 
    ʱǴһʵô
ʲô 
    ұܵ˱һѡ 
    һЩˤһĵңʲôأ 
    ŷӦεİЦԲ𣬶Բ𣬲ǹġ 
    Ҫߵǰת˵ 
    һ㶣ΪֵԼˣü˸
Լķ䡣 
    ٹǰ辯ƵƳһۡ 
    Ȼ˵ЩʲôҲܲ¸š 
    ǶԱһЩŵ㣬Զ㣬ֲ˵
ôףɽֵһѣƱҲס 
    ԼĪʮӣǴӷˡ 
    ɳϣµӣɵŭû¸ǰɣ 
    ݿȥ 
    ҸæߣбȥǽԭļҾӷͰ
˿˿඼ˣȡ֮˶º˶㡣 
    żڼҵ죬һķҡ 
    Ϊ˱ӣԾ뱱ԶһЩ˵ʲôҶװûȻ
û㵽һȥ 
    ԴˣԵЩˡ 
    һ磬ҪŰ£̫Ҹ֮ܽ󣬱
鱾ȥͼݸϰ 
    ҾЩСˣ΢һ¿飬ͱĹѪͷ 
    ٳʱң뿪ҡ 
    ΣҲֻհ졣 
    ׼ʰƼĵķ֪
ڸʲô 
    ҴӷٳʱǡҲ˳ 
    ȥʱԭſɵļҾӷϸȣ°ǡ
סСƨɡ 
    ٳʱȴһ㱡ɫ˿ࡣ 
    ҽϵµϸһ飬ЩƵĿ 
    ӦɣΪʲôϣͻȻ˼ǰ
½˿ʱĻ棬ִ桢ɬԸе
ϣʱڱ˳ 
    ƵЩ˼ˣŤʵʲôôң 
    æʵ㡭͵· 
    Сһ죬ͷʲô¡ 
    ˵գЬ첽صԼŹϡ 
    ͼݿʱʱʱĻϵĻ棬аŮ
˼ɵļҾӷϸŮϹŴԸɫ˿࣬
ֳкͷʵ̫ǿˣЩ㱣һĪĳ
Ҵܡ 
    ķԸһֱŻص⣬ʰ
׼У 
    Ѿ˶ɫ£ɫȹɴɫ
˿ࡣ 
    վڱǰԲСƨɣʰӣ
ǹӳ嶯ˣ̲סʵӻѧУ𣿡 
    ţôͷһۡ 
    ҾǾ֣Ҫ͵ࣿ 
    Щߺ죬תţҸϽֽŶס 
    ʹûԸ˵Ҵ·ʲô
ģ½͵·ǲŽ~  
    Щ⣬һʱ֪˵Щʲô 
    Сһߵһ͵Ͳ͵ѽ 
    ܵиԭɣôͻȻ͵Ŀˣ 
    СһЩޣһԭأö˶˵İһ䣬
Ҵɫˡ 
    ~ ԭΪѽ 
    šԭ֪ģǲܸ 
    ҴűȻðһ뷨һȡ 
    ۾Щֱɵʵ㵽Ҫʲôѽ 
    ԥƬ̣˵Ҿ˵һ£ôȥѧУᱻͬѧЦ
ġ 
    Цң 
    ͷһԼɫ˿ŮԵ̧һ£˵
оͦõѽʲôЦģ 
    ̫ˡбſϣɫ˿ɫ
ͺõĻһֺܳԸеĸо 
    СŮǺѼԦסģܸһС͵·ĸо 
    ۾бңܶ~  
    šɤӣر⣬Ȼ˵㴩
Ŀ̫࣬ˣɸŮˡ 
    ŸŮأ˵ﶬʱҼܶŮӶ
ɫ׿㣬Ҳû˵ǸŮôͳɸŮˣ 
    ΪΪǾǸŮƵġ㴩ģ
Ůģ㴩ϾͺܡܲЭܹ֡ 
    ˣ˻ 
    ͷ䣬תصߣȹӣ߬סڣ
ɫ˿һһĴŮۻ¶
 
    ⻭ʼδǱ¿ƣǲ֮
Сڿ㣬Ҹеĳȣɤ۷ɡ 
    ֱڴߣȫȻӦǹˣ
̧ͷһۣߺ˵ʲôأ 
    Ҹæתȥ߿ˡ 
    žõĿ࣬ӵϴȻ
˵Ҫˣҽһ°ɡ 
    Ŷбϴɫ࣬˵ͷһϲ 
    ȵʰҷУ֮Ȳϴǰɫ
ڱǰһڣɲŮ㡣 
    ĳ嶯֮ʱ죬ˡ 
    һæԭζɫ˿˿ڴ 
    ߳ȥʱײ˸ţһۣʵʲôʱ
ģ 
    ջûáҹ򶨣ʲôҲûһ 
    ѧȥˣ 
    šҵ˵ͷȻصæͳ࣬ص
ͷ档 
    ҵڿֹ˺þòס 
    죬ЩԶ֮󣬶ҵ̬ǲ䲻ȡ 
    ҲͶһ䣬ѧϰȻû˵ʲôˡ 
    ҵеίҲǲѧϰΪܲ¶
ǺͲûƵġ 
    ϣԸӹһЩһЩ͹Ҫǹҵѧ
ϰ 
    ҹϨ֮ڴϣãִͷ˫ԭζ
˿࣬ڱǰš 
    ѾûʲôζˣҵԺȴĸ˱
ȥɫ˿Ļ档 
    ҵһ¶Ҳƺ
һЩӦ 
    ҽ쵽˿䣬ñԭζɫཫͰǷ˿
˳ͬʱ۾ʼ 
    ½Уɫ˿࣬ڴϣһ
ߵĿҡ 
    ¿ӣ¶Ӳ˫֮䣬ɫ
ɲһһµĶ۵Ů 
    ţҽ˿ȿڼͷŮۻ
Ĵʵ½ŢѨڣײš 
    ţµŮ½ر˱ 
    ҵñҿ˿ȣHŪţߺСתһԣ
ҧָڣ߬Ŵ﷢ٶӵĴϢ֮ 
    ҸоȼˣڿѾ̧ͷҷߣ
ţʼհӲģǰӲһ״̬ȫûȡ 
    Ǵ̼ȻǲɣԺƴĻţҷHŪŮˣ
ɱ衣 
    ϴƷװͰɫ£ӽ⿪ڴ󳨣һ˫
Ϸײǰζţխȹ𣬶䣬ɫ˿
ɲ˺һӣԸе˿ڿǵһԣӲļڶ֭۵İ׻
ͷѨĳHŪ 
    ϸ߸̧˫Ŀգҧź촽齿ͣ
Ťţ﷢һߵ 
    ɫżͣԽߣԽ죬Ȼȸո΢ӲһЩûд
ĳ̶ȣйѾˡ 
    ɣûκãйˣ뼰˴ﳹ׻ˣող
ֽ 
    ҿʼ˿ȱҷֵĿģһ˫ְ
۵Ĵڲ࣬ͦڰ׻ѨУ壬ͷѨ
ڵķۺ 
    ߣ£ͻȻоҪˣһţæͣƴ
ţ˼£õŨһɹɵ˳ 
    ƣ˲ϮҾôţι󣬽մҺ
Ӽһţ˴ߡ 
    ĸоۣϰ£ԴһѣΣĥʲô
ʱǸͷѽһҹڽǺͻֲ̿жȹڶ𴲳ܣ
¥֮׼ʱҾһƣ룬ɵüʵ
ô£ְҹˣ 
    еʧߡ̫ѨԼһЩ 
    𱸵ǲ㰾ҹӣôѧϰѽ 
    ֪ΪΣͻȻоЩŭͷµѧϰѧϰ
ѧϰе¶𣿡 
    Ҫ飬ѧϰϾҪ߿ˣѧϰ֮⣬
ʲô±Ҫ𣿡 
    Уģ 
    ôˣ 
    ҪĹңͲôˣ˵꣬תߡ 
    躰ʲôȥѽ 
    ȥ˯ 
    㡭㲻 
    ʲôܣһöûСɥһ䣬ͷ첽߽
ݣصϷ˯˻ 
    ʱѾߵˣ׼ͣ𴲣Ҳû
˵ϽϴԷɡͳٵˡ 
    Ҳ֪ղΪʲô跢ôĻ𣬿Ǿѹ̫˰ɡ 
    ϴ֮棬˵˾䣺裬Բ𡣡 
    Բʲôɫƽ͵ƿǣʢһڵࡣ 
    ҲöƢġ 
    Էɡͷͣû˵ 
    Ҳ֪ôģδŵ΢ 
    һ죬ήҲжȹΪû˯ã
ǵԭ 
    Ϊ˿ԸҸĴ̼һЩĵģû뵽û
κãйͻȻ֮䣬Ҹоرûͺʧȥϣһ
ŵ嶼ûˡ 
    صʱ貢δһڳæĮڿ
ɳϣ˫ֱأ΢գҽǰһֱҡ 
    ҸоЩԣҪڣȻֲ輸Ϸһ˫ɫ˿࣬
Ͱ͵һţԾǱ͵ȻҺƭ֣ǹ
һ˫ 
    úõزô趢ңޱ˵
˾䣺 
    ҳƬ̣ԹԵ˹ȥͷһԲȴűĵ 
    Ƴһϵɫ࣬Ȼתңʵ˵˵ɣ
ô£ 
    ǻģΨһ벻׵ģصôأ赽
ôҵģ 
    ҵӷɿתţҪһĽͳ 
    ҵĻɶԷǰɣ 
    ôأĻʱʱ̼̿ 
    ˣƶˣ 
    ˵꣬ҵĻؿбҧ´Ƭ֮
ʵ㲻㡭ô㲻˵̫ôʲô
ѽ 
    ָ֪ŨͷС˾䣺
飿 
    赱Сѽ 
    벻ôֻͣƲ죬Ƶһȥ 
    ҷ˫ӣһ¾õġ̾˿ŭ䲻
˵㡭ǾɲѽֹܲסԼǰɣ 
    õġüͷһί˵ 
    õģ˭õģôҵأ 
     
    ֮⣬ʣˡõģѲǱ
õģ 
    ưͳԻп˵ˡȻȷʵǱõãֲܸ
˵Ǵӱģƭԭζ࣬ɱڴĶ
ˡ 
    ͻȻԱͷˣҲʲôϣˣ
ɴʵʵ˵ˡ 
    裬ĿõģʲôõģҲû취ˣʵ
û취ˡʲôе嶯֮⣬ҶʲôȤˡ 
    ңʲô˼ 
    ҽͷһŤһ¿ˮ̵ӣס 
    Ҳף 
    ҲˣǷҪҸ˵ѽ 
    輱ſ죬ȴֹĽתһԣ˵
ѧУ١ 
    ʲôѽ 
    ȥҽ 
    ҽҽʲôѽ˵ƨңͿ㰲ο
ⶼˣһɫҲûС⵹ãûκãйֳˡ 
    ˵֮͸ое㲻Ծˣһ룬Ȼ˵زˣ
ʲô˵ء 
    ƺҲҵĻˣͷңճ죬Ҳ֪ģ
Ϊ̫ΣЩ˼ˡ 
    ˣϽݸϰȥɡ 
    ʲôϰѽ濼廪βãʲô˼
Ļص 
    һϣҶԼڷҲûкҳ 
    ֱڶ峿Ҽꤵڿɳϣɫ
԰ףƣ벻 
    Ѿں͡ 
    оΣҪǸƫŲڣϴһ֮ǰ
ĨĨĳ緹 
    ˰٣ȥҽ 
    ֵе̫ˣʼûʲô 
    ԭΪȥҽԺģû뵽ͣһд¥ǰ 
    ³¥ߣȵʱ̲סʵ裬
Ҫȥҽ𣿡 
    ˵ҽģǴġ 
    ôֿҽ 
    Ťͷңܽ𣿡 
    ޻˵ 
    ҵǲôҳϣʲôԭʵףҲ
ס 
    Ϊ¶ǰǰ󿴹ܶҽˣһ˵ǣ
Ϥˣоûʲôá 
    ҽʮ¥Ǹͦ긾Ůֵģһ
˿۾ 
    ֮󣬸Ĵкӡ 
    ̸֮ҽʹҽ˻ңֱɳϣŤͷ
Ŵ⣬˴Էڵĳû˿Ȥ 
    ҽ˵ɺܸߣҵҲȽ˽⣬Ҳûʲôˣ
ʲôҾʵʵ˵ 
    һˣ¶һѹŵ£ҲǺˬģҽ
ңط 
    Ҳ֪˶ãҽһʱ䣬˵ȵɡ 
    뿪֮󣬿Ų豭վڴǰԶ 
    룬е̫˰ɡ 
    ҽ̸ͬ˼䣬費סĵͷȻһ´εĻ
ʱ䣬Ǳ뿪 
    ȵʱ͵͵ش裬֪ҽ˵ʲô
е䡣 
    κ󣬵ſˣҪȥеࡣ 
    еԥˣʵѽ 
    ҹǲԸ˼һģǰĻǼˡ 
    һȥӲһ£óһռ 
    ֹԹһ£˽ 
    ŹرʱΪ˲ķУƴŲ 
    ʼʱûʲôоȵʮ¥ʱȥˣԭΪԿ
һЩˣû뵽һֱִӰʣĿռȫռˡ 
    豻ŲŲӽҵĺϡ 
    ܵһҪȥ˾촩խȹɫ˿࣬
ͷϸĸ߸ЬĳԺ¶޳ĲԲ̵ͦƨ
ɶҵɲλãټǹ㣬ֻһȣ
£Ȼ̧ͷ 
    Ȼ̶ȲǺܸߣӲһ㣬ůӵֱӶ
ϣ϶ܹġ 
    Ҿôһֱɲһֱ裬ŷԲⵯĸо
һˬ⣬һھ 
    ûпֱһ¥ӿ˳ȥ 
    ߸ЬڵذϷнġա 
    ͷߵĺܿ죬ҽں棬֪òΪղŵǸ 
    ϳ֮ڼʻλϣ㶵ǰ 
    һԣ͵͵һ֪Щʲô 
    ˺þã̾һתԿף档 
    Ϊֻ˰٣ұ͵ѧУ³ǰҵк 
    Ƭ̣˵ѾǸˣûĻˡ
Ҫһ꣬ô˵㶼ҪԸ߿Ϊءף 
    ҳΣεĵ˵ͷס 
    豾̧ܵҪʱȴ͵ͣڰգԥ
˺þãڷҵͷϣḧһ¡ 
    СϾҪпˣһҪס񡣡 
    ˵ѾܾûôοˣҵůůģЩھΣ
ЩãȻ 
    ³֮ȥϰˡ 
    ڽʦڽ̨ϽΣҵȴһƬհףҪо
ѧϰƫ޷ʵ֣ʵ벻޷ʲô塣 
    ѧؼңѾڳæˣһݻ˼ҾӷȻȥ
䷽㡣 
    ھϴ̨ʱ䳯ϴƳһۣķ֣һ
ɫ˿࣬Ӧþϰʱ 
    һ£߽￪ʼС㣬ȴţΪ˷͵
ԭζ࣬ÿλ󣬶صúúõأôôķ
ϴѵڵִûѽҶģˣٵ㣬ûһ
尡 
    ѲɡѻĿ͵ģ⡭ƺе
ĵҵѧϰΪ˫أѹû
ѧϰͰԭζóס񣬰ѧϰ 
    ߼ƺ˵ͨ 
    ǡԸΪе㼤ȴֲ
ȷϡ 
    վϴ»ǰϴĺɫԭζ࣬󣬼Сʱǰ
Ը޳ϡ 
    ᱡ͸ĸоֻһ۾ͷ˷ܲѡ 
    ԥ˺ð죬ʼ޷¶ģĺһο顣 
    뿪䣬ߵ˳ǰһɵļҾ
ϵΧȹվڳ̨ǰæµš 
    裬һˡС˸к 
    šӦһδͷҡ 
    Ұæ𣿡 
    ҪϽݿȥɡ 
    ŶתҪߣȻŤͷС 
    תɻ 
    죬ֹϱ鿴ʮֵľᣬ˵ûʲ
ôϾҪԷˡϢһ£Էٿɡ 
    Ŷ뿪˳վǰĥղŵ̬ȣ
ʲôҪ˵ȴֲ˼ֱ˵ 
    Ѳɣ˫ԭζйأԥ˰Σ»صϴ
ᱡ͸ĺɫԭζ࣬ġ 
    ̲סָһ£ֹֻͺĺ˿һ 
    ӣƺȥѹģʼ²ġ 
    ԥ֮ʱͷ䣬ŵȶˣæ
 
    û뵽̧ۼվϴ»ǰǵûԵЩΣ
ʲôҲû˵תˡ 
    ʲô˼һΪֹҸ棬ʼ޷
ġ 
    ʱҺڲԣͷ˭Ҳû˵
ЩΡ 
    ˵ʲô̽һ⣬˰죬Ҳ֪ôڡ 
    Ѳֱ裬ϴԭζ࣬ǲΪ׼ 
    ʱ跴ȿˣ˵㡭֪ѹͦģ
ܡҲһΡ㾡ɾͺˣ費ٱˡ 
    Ҳ֪⻰Ƿģܾ̬еֵֹġ 
    󣬻صǰҽʾ֭ʹĥ
һ 
    ϴ˫˿ԭζ࣬Ѳҵĸԣ 
    ϶뵽һ㣡ֻаҵĲκˣҲܷȫĵ
Ͷ뵽߿ϰ֮С 
    ԭζ費Сķϴģڿ϶Ѿ
ˣͷѹģһ뼰
˴һҧҡ

3.8  
    ߳ңһƬѾ˯ˡһ
䣬ϴĺ˿ʱﲻһû
ȷʵ͵ġ 
    Ҷźɫ˿ãΡΡ֣С
ţֻϸ⻬ˬޱȡר
ҵĸ͵õĸоֲһˡ 
    ץ࣬ص׼ֽȻڴϣȲ
˿ӡΪ鼤Եʣ˷Ӧʰ벪״̬һ
һģѾܾûָоˡ 
    Ҹеĺɫ˿࣬ɳɳ죬ԺԸ
˿ȡƬ̺ҽڱǰţȻܳʱˣ
ɲζǸоĽ԰Ρ 
    ĺ˿ԭζ࣬ͷβ˸飬쵽䣬ס
ӲʼߣϣԽʹȫ
ͬʱӰԺв֣زϸ֫޳ȳ
ĺ˿ȣԸеĸ߸ţһУ˵ԡ 
    ҵȣȺһƬʼ޷ȫ겪
ЩżˣߣٶԽԽ죬ӲȲӣⷴϮˡ 
    ־ͽٴϮż֣ɴཫԭζϣ
˱ţǿҵĿһӴܵ˴ԣһ飬ƴţ
Ũ׾ҺѾмֽϡµģѸ
ڳЦҵûá 
    һĳţнϮһֶӣҽԭζ
ÿڴϣиоޱȵľɥضûü˿
ϣѾ˳Ҳ̫˰ɡ 
    Ҳ֪ǲʧ̫࣬ѾϰߣľĽմ˾Һֽһ
ţӵ˵ϣȻɫԭζĵͷ¡
ҵĸҪúղ 
    ڴϣ˫ۣس˯˹ȥ 
    Դͬ賳֮ҲûһܹˣΪѾϰ
ˣɺ硣 
    ϴ֮Ѿͣڲǰҡ
ҪкͻȻ飬ое㲻˼ĬĬ 
    ʲôҲû˵ͷࡣҹѾϴ಻ˣ
Ҳ֪ǱȥˡȻ迴侲ϸ۲죬ȴЩ
ƮеţڹƵġ 
    ˵ʲôεգɻûãѾ
ͣҴҵĻȥˡҲ֪ΪͻȻôĸ
κܾõ˼붷 
    Ϊҵⶪ˵ëһҲѸոԭζ
˿࣬͸ҵģôеʧ˼뼰˴Ҳɵ
Ц 
    Ȼԭζ˿ಢûнҵĲϰκãѹȴʵ
˲٣ΪڿԺȷ軹Ǻںҵġ 
    ѧؼңȲ䣬ۼϴտ
Ҳԭ飬˲ 
    ôûˣѲ跴ˣ 
    ԥãߵ˳ǰ㷢ϵΧȹæµţ
ƺûע⵽ҡʱգƵĻλһ
ֱȥġôȾҪӻԽʼ 
    һ£Ϣ˹ȥ˸кһת
ңʲôأ·һ㶯ҲûС 
    ̲סЦ˳ҪľЧ˼ʱ䡣 
    һĻЦ㶣漴תȥҡʱһ
ģҪַƤľ 
    裬Ϣһɣɡվԣȥ
˵ 
    ãϽȥɡݸϰʲôѽң
ȴ²˵˵ңǰư͵ıҶ˹ȥ 
    裬컻ȥŰɡ 
    ƺۣԥƬ֮󣬱ȥˡ 
    Ҳ֪裬Ϊ˸ҪһЩ
ٷر棬Ҵϰѧı£ȫˡ 
    ˰ҿƷһСڣȲʵô
ζô 
    軹ЦҿĲ㿼ѧˡ 
    ţһʱû˼ 
    һۣôóԣʲôѽ 
    뵽ϰ֣Ц˵ԵĴŮѽ 
    ɫһ䣬һۡæһԼͣԹԳԷ 
    ٴ뵽˳֮Уһҵл⣬ܾ˵
ʲôʣҲ̫ˡȿʵ죬кú
ѧϰ𣿡 
    ҸæͷУѧϰǳ档 
    衭ϣõġ 
    ס 
    軹ϣܹԴ߿УҪһ
㡣 
    ֪ǡͷܾţѸ߿ɼ̫ˡ 
    迴ң˼ã̾Ϣĸ߿ɼ
ںܲܿ廪ں㡣ѵ𣿡 
    ףҶףƴصͷ 
    С賤̾һΪģѾΪˡ 
    ֪ҵͷ˵Ҵĵм衣ġҸоԼر
ˣⱲһλĸס 
    趢Ƭ̣ͷȥӽ࣬ôĬ
š 
    һصԼǰʼ˼ôƴ
Լѹת޸裬ǲ̫˽ˣ 
    Ȼ뷨Ҳ渴ϰûã
ֿʼèצƵķˡѧؼҾȥϴ￴ûԭζ
࣬顣 
    ѧصʱƼվ¥ַǽһ
׵ƵġŴ磬װȺ˿˿࣬ɫƤ߸Ь
ŰӸմӹ˾δš 
    ˹ȥʵ裬Ǹʲôأ 
    ŤͷһֻۣüͷɫЩף˿ΪҺ
ϣ鿴Щʹࡣ 
    æʵôˣ 
    赹һ˵˽ˡ 
    ô˽ѽ 
    һۣû˵ֲǹġ 
    ˣȷȥɡ 
    Ҳص˼߸ЬЬȻһ
ȳһյߵɳԣһƨȴɳϣŽס 
    Ҽüͷ壬ͷ˿СţҲ֪ôģһƨԱߣ
˵ɡ 
    ˵žͽ˹ȥҪֹҵѾĽ״
۵ġ˻һԴһ£˾䣺~  
    æ־˵࣬ࡣ 
    ˵֮ʶԼΪ³çˣѾ˿
Сϣǹ⻬˳ĸоֱϤˡǰûͣ§
˿ȣԴȥҾ֮󣬾Ҳûйˡ 
    Ҳˣһѣ˵ȥһȥòࡣ 
    Ҫûж֣ôһţҲˡľѳˣ
ôˣּ˿СţװûĻ 
    ޶ԣҪѾջ֪Զһ£۵ġѽһ
ҹɫ˵𶯣㲻ѽ 
    ؽҧɳϣٳܣ˿Сšһ
꣬һ߶˿㿴ɫᱡ͸ѩ׼ɼ
ͷǳԲСɣ׽۹⻬͸죬͸˿⣬
ɫָɼĴֺСֺ򣬾¿ɰ 
    Ħ˿࣬ϸ΢ġɳɳҹ⽫ͷµһЩĵ
һŵһζ΢ĸ߸Ьζֻſ
һȣ֮Աһֱϴֱͷ 
    ɼˣֻԲһ£ɶûж
ҲѾϰˡ 
    ˫Ŀգɳϣ﷢΢һ
Ҹ첲һ£˵ˣˣԽԽۡһȥ 
    ҡŶһĽִ˿ÿ͵͵طڱ
Ӹǰһ£û뵽һȻ˸ţһæ
ֲ˱ 
    趢Ƭ̧̣첲ʾҲҸæ裬һȳһ
յĻص 
    ڴ£ָ˵ҩ 
    շԸҩ 
    ڹϰɡ 
    ָʾҩ˴ͷϡ 
    ˫ȹڴ˽ȥ߬סڣҪѣȻʶʲ
ô̧ͷһۣʵվʲôû¶ˣȥ 
    ϴ俴˱ѿĳ˷˺ð죬ֵˣ˵
ʲôܴҼǣһѽУ˵Ҹҩ 
    òţ 
    õţ 
    迴ңҿƬ̣ҸоôȥҪ
ˡ֪ȴ˵˾䣺תȥ 
    ʲô 
    תȥ 
    ŶŶŶ 
    æת˹ȥȴвʣ䷢ױϵľ
΢΢һһȥһֲ˷
쳣 
    ȹӱᵽڴһ࣬ɫ˿ŵΣ
һ£¶ɫ˿Сڿ㣬Լѩ⡣ 
    ҸоѵѪҪӲ˼֣ǿ
ɳһС 
    ʱȻŤͷԼһۣŵһһ飬æ
ͷת˻ȥɳϵǣ貢δѵ⡣Ƭ̣̲סٴŤ
ͷȥֻѾѵСȴڴϣֱ
ֻ˰ 
    ȺܳϸʧȳƣСȶǿģǿɰ
Ө͸ϸۣ̲סҪȥһ 
    ҩù 
    һתע⵽ҵĿϣΪͲ
ɹĹĵġʶֵһ£΢΢һ죬æתһ
һԣһΡ 
    Ҷڴǰҽţҩ׼״ͬʱ
Ϣĸ㣬ǾӨļ 
    ˰ɣ̫ˡ 
    һعɿ㣬ճյ˵ҡ
ҩ 
    òš˵ţһѽҩ˹ 
    šҸȥɡ 
    轫Сڴϣͷź״˵˾䣺㡣 
    һҪ˵Щʲô뻹ˡҪת뿪ͻȻƼڴϵ˫
ɫ˿࣬ǿǸոմԭζ˿࣡ 
    еһĪԥ˰죬׳ӣֽԭζ
һ̧ͷңԲϱЩ㵡 
    㡭 
    ˵ҰϴȻҲӦת˳ȥվ
⣬ҴڴڵĴŴƽ֮˿ԭζ࣬
һڣζޱȵһһ
š 
    ǿҪοĳ嶯Ҳʱظ
ŷڿڴԭζ࣬ϸһϵΪ϶ѾӾ
﷢͵ûҲûңΪʲôأ 
    һ飬͵ķûѵң
ҼҲûɴཫȫ˽һ 
    ͷĬûΪҽҪ
ҪַʽҸҵѹ 
    ҵһϲ̬һúѧϰġ 
    豻ûɵļˣ㶵Ŀҡ 
    Ҿ˵ҿ廪ģֻˣ 
    Ŷ壬˵á 
    ҹڴϣⲻԭζһΪرϴ
滺࣬оӲҲ˲٣ҳʱҲˡ 
    ڶһܣ׼ҷʱͻ
ȻĽˣܲˡҵҲûжɥһ¥
ΪԵʣо峿ⶼ˲١ 
    һŸйص飬һŹ԰С·ǰܡȻƼǰ
һ΢ֵŮˣ˫ֲһߴһܡ 
    ҸоⱳӰЩϤϽǰһƣȻʦ 
    ʦϺáҸߣЦŴ˸к 
    ʦһۣŴ˵ϡá 
    Ǳˮ 
    ҲѽһڣҾеˣⲻϻ 
    šաˡ졣 
    ̲סƣǰ»ζĴ⣬Ӧûд˶
µԵʣرĴѹָղŴ߾ˣ͵͵ 
    ôͻȻܲˣʦܵĺֲ˼ǰܣ
ֻûһ 
    ҡʦͻȻͣϢȻҰ˰֣㡭
ܰɡáùҡ˵ţ۾ժֲһ
ͷϵĺ顣 
    ҶƵİݣһθоժ۾ʦֵ
߶ѽ 
    Ҳ˼̫ãòԵ˾䣺ѽ 
    ʦӻ֣߰ɡùҡ 
    Ҽǰܣ￪ʼĥʦͻȻʼܲ϶ԭ
ġһ룬ŮܲҪôΪ˽ҪôΪ˼ʡʦĻһ
ӦøһЩ 
    Ҿڳʱʦӣÿܲ
ܲ˶þҪͣЪһǰ⣬µ
źǳءҺ˶»زһЩֲԸ
ʧȥ۸С˼֮£Ҳ˳Ȼ֮ˡ 
    ԭΪ¶ҪβˣԴ֮󣬾Ҳûд
ˡҲȷǲ㣬ˣΪṩԭζ˿ĸ
ˣ־ͽǸֽˡ 
    ǿһڣʱ̲ס˵裬Ҹоѹ
е󡣡 
    Ȼ˵ĺί񣬵϶ҵ˼ͷĬĬòͣ
ѹû˵ЩʲôûӦ 
    ŰΣٴ˵裬ҡе㷳˯ž 
    䣬žһ轫Ŀϡ
һŵĿ 
    ңЩ꣺СѹҲܴҲܷ
Ҳ˯ž 
    ˣ֮࣬Ρȷʵ̫˽ˡ 
    Բ𡣡ҵͷС˵ 
    Ĭ˺þã賤̾һƽ͵˵Էɡ 
    ĸеˣٰˡҲǣԸ
ܹΪṩԭζ࣬ѾǺܲ˼ˡҲ֤ˣ
ǳңǳںҵġȷʵӦΪˡ 
    ԭΪѾٰˣû뵽ڶϣϰʱխȹµ
ִ˿͸ɫ˿ࡣҼֱʼδϲɫֵ
һۣ䣬һȳһյϰȥˡ 
    ѧؼңһ飬Ȼϣ
ϵɫ˿࣬Ȼϴҵǹɽһ
֪ݡ 
    Һԭζ˿࣬ȴ˸С֪
ľһǿҵ˼붷ģѹһܴҲΪԼ
ѹת޵ϡ 
    ԥãǷλᡣڶϣ迴ҵе֣
û͵ԭζ˿࣬һܲ˼顣Ҫϵ
ҵ⣬־Ų˼ҲôĹȥˡ 
    £Ǻѹסġ䣬
ʢƫƫֵ˵ë޷йѹ֡꣬˱
ıԵ 
    ϳϢʱʦͻȻ˾䣺ʲô𣿡 
    һʵܿĳ 
    ʦЦЦǳüصӡҼǵǰ
ͦãͦʵġǼʲô𣿡 
    ҵ˵ͷǰɡ˵ʡ 
    Ҫ𣿡ʦеĿҡ 
    ҪҪæ֡ 
    ô˵ʦҲûм׷ʣתϾҪп
ˣʲô£ҪѧϰΪء 
    ס֪ 
    Ƭ̣̲סʵʦǲҲѽ 
    ңʦңҡͷûѽ 
    ˵ʱЩƮȻ˵ѡҸϾҲ̫
ģʲô¶ҲûʲôϵҲûҪ׷ȥ 
     
    ԭпԿһͿ 
    迴ɼ֮󣬲ɵŭգʵС㲻˵
Ҫúѧϰôѧϰģ 
    Ҳ֪ôֻͣܵͷһԡ 
    ˵ѽư 
    Ҳ֪ô˵ûðɡ 
    Ҫѽüͷһŭ䲻ȴѹ
ı顣 
    ί˵Ҳ룡ҲúѧϰǡҲ֪
֪ô¡ 
    轫ɼڲ輸ϣ˫ַ̾ϢҸо
ЩˣӡУû 
    һѹԣ˵裬һú
ѧϰһ渴ϰҲʧġ 
    û̧ͷ˵ô˵ʲôá㷢˶ģһ
ع𣿡 
    Զԡ 
    Ĭã̧ͷңɫصʵС裬㵽
Ҫ 
    üͷ壬ɥ˵裬֪ʡαطҪ˵
ôҶأ 
    ͵صóһ˿࣬˵֪ϲ
㣡˵գɫ˿ӵҵǰƵּ˾䣺
Ժÿ°˿˸㣬òã 
    ұĻѪͷεվ˵ϲֲ
˿࣡ϲ㣡֣ƣ 
    Ŀɿڴð˵Сˣ 
    Ƿˣҷ˿һˣ֪ѽѾ˵ݶˣ
еƹˤ˼ˡ 
    裡 
    Ҵ֪Ҳûа취ѽڳҶ
ŮһȤûˡ½ŵʲôӰǡǣһȤ
ûˡô죿 
    ƺǱҵӸŵˣ΢ţ˺þã˵ˣ
ҿǷˡð͵Ժȥˡ 
    Ҷ˵ðͽȥʡһ쵽ķʲô߿
ģûûˡ 
    ĽתһԣϢأþòͻȻе
ڣղǷȷʵ̫Ӧˡ 
    Ҷԣ˵裬Բ֪ˡ 
    ֪ˣʲôãֲġ 
    ղǲǻϻ˵Ƕ治ǹġ 
    ȻתĿתĶңʵ˵ʵƵ
ˣǲһֱԹ衣 
    Ҽᶨҡͷ˵ûУҴûһͷûС 
    ĬƬ̣һٴʵ㣬ǲǰĲ
ˣܰѧϰˣ 
    Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻôһ䣬ǺԵ顣ҳɵص
˵ͷӦáǵİɡ 
    ǣǲǣһ׼ʵ 
    ǡ 
    á˵ͷվϵ˿ת
ȥ 
    еԺ⻰ʲô˼а취β𣿿ǣпҽ
ҽѽʲô취 
    һ軻һ·˳ɫV 
ǰɫ˿߳£ɫխһȹᱡ͸ĺ˿о˿˿࣬
ͷ˸ƽʱϰʱĴ磬ûʲôͬΨһв
ǣûд߸ЬĳУԲȵ޳β̡ͦ 
    Щ죬ԥƬ֮ߵɳ˫
ȼн΢΢бࡣãĶ˵㲻ϲڹ
𣿡 
    ãȻ֮У⻰ɵüͷһ壬˵
ǣô¶Ǳŵݺģֲǲ 
    ˵һ룬Ҽ轫̺תһԣͻȻӦ贩
ҪͨҸ˿ȣ̼ҵйѹе
κë 
    ǣ 
    ҵһȣҪ裬ף¶˵ģ
ܵõȷϵġ 
    ⻬ϸĺ˿ȣҸоеڸͷƤ飬һ
ȣԼ΢΢Ĳ֡˫ֱأתһԲϿң
ͮͮһƬѩ޳ĲȾɫ 
    ̲סһڿˮżҵȻľ
ܾЩвȵ˼ΪӣӦôȻϴʾܾǡ
˵ǲܵġҪǾܾĻǾǵòȻαˡ 
    ԥԥ˰˼붷²ġһ
Ӷе㽩ˣԲסһɤӣһ 
    룬϶Ҳһҵ˼붷ġȻ
һǿ˺ܾˡ 
    һҧ¶ģ첲Ҫַĺ˿ϡ 
    ȻվεСֹ˾䣺ȥϸ
3.9 
    һȥʮӣɳϲסĵŽż⣬ļ١
ȴĸоĲܣ跴ڣԼķ 
    ڣ鲢ûзȻЩ尾軹ǻˡ
СƮʼղԸҡ 
    ΪţҵǺˮģ̲סһһ¡ 
    ǣʲô֣ 
    ҲꡣҸæַֿε·ϲ˲䡣 
    ղǾ仰Ҳʶ˵ģһڣձȾһƬ
ʶֽɢҵķ˿ڶһ 
    б۾͵͵衣úܽСתһԣ
¶ѩ䳤ĲӨϸļ£һƬȻǿװ򶨣
˫ִڴϣŪָЩʶСѾĵĻ
ұ¶˳ 
    ҺȻΪЩɰͷȥֻɫխȹµĺ˿ȣ
⻬Բ󣬷ϸ⣬ɫ˿ᱡ͸Ŵȼ
ۡ 
    ֻſڸټӿ죬ãСĽ˹ȥ
طߴϣ紥һ㣬͵һͦ
ֱӣǿװ򶨡 
    ҽƷڷĺ˿ϣ˿ĴУ
ľӶЩӲˡ 
    Ƭ֮ĺ˿һ£
ļƾΰţӦǳǿңҲżӦ
øһǳĽš 
    ѾȻɲǺӲԽӳŵĹĹ
ҵˡĺ뽫úõߣһѣֲ̫Ρ
˫糺졢εĲһ񣬽Ӳƿʼ
ĺ˿ػ 
    ĺ˿࣬޳ȳƵϣڵƹԵø
Ө͸ҫϸĹǰûи˿ȣ
Ļ⣬ûô˷ܹϾҪġ 
    Ĵȷ鱥ȴӷףСϸʵСȶģ
ĿɰȻѾʮƤȴɰỬϸۣ
˿ĸоֱӸ˼˷ܡ 
    ҸоԽԽȣЩѣ˳ź˿ζһ
̽ĵߡҪխȹʱȻץסҵ˦
һߣһ򶨵˵ˣɡ 
    ȻǼȲᣬĺܣҪܸͲ
֮ҽһŲŲ̯ƣſգ
˿ȵĴС 
    һĳûΧΡĥţǲӦ˵
ЩʲôԾһգҪô 
    ɻûҿڣѵ˵죬ͱȥһ¡ 
    ŶΪ飬һʱûתֻɵ
˵ͷ 
    ȥ𣿡费ʵ 
    ǲ̫ŵĸŮҲһӲϰǱߵļŰɡһ
£ʵ裬ͬȥҰǶ 
    ǱϾ֡ȥּòҵ 
    Ц˵Ͼǵļ໤ѽʲô¶ܵ
ͬɡ 
    ƳһۣԳЦһǵļ໤ˣƽʱЩ
ʱҵͬ𣿡 
    ֪ȥˣľͰˡҪһЩ
ʱ䣬ҺʶȤĽڸϰȥˡ 
    Ҳ֪ôģǷеڡΨһ뷨ǣ
ôƷʽȥһ˿ȣ߸
ʲô§§ʲôģһӲܲҲҲ
㡣 
    ڶ峿𴲣֮ͻصϴϡ
Ϊ飬Էʱһֱֻڿšѹ˺ܶ
˵ֱҲûſڡ 
    ѧУһֱϵ飬˵ﻰΪĳ
ҵϣԸܹľһŷǳѹ
ҵìܣĸ־źܶԲ衣 
    ˼ȥΨкúѧϰϣȫӭӸ߿һôѧŲ
Ṽ⡣ 
    ѧؼҵ·ϣһֱţǷΪңƷ
˿࣬ڳæšˣصŷ֣ɴſ
ɵļҾӷһʧ䡣 
    ȻŸոĸƣһʱ䲻￪ʼ
ĺ˿ȡ϶ûϣˣر֪ʲôʱ
иһȷڣҲиͷҪĻἱ˵ġ 
    ʱЩƺƳҵ۴ҡ
ãԥԥĿ˵裬м¶һ¡ 
    ϾĶңʲô£ 
    ǸǸǸǰɡ 
    ֧֧˰죬üʵʲô£лֱ˵ 
    һԣһ˵Ǹ׻˵й
ҹ档޹زɷԲǰξ;˵ûһĹ
أ̣¡˵Ǹǹ淶Ҫ֤
׼Ҫֵͷ 
    費ͷش˵㵽˵ʲôܼܲص˵ 
    ҺٺɵЦϸһ£β¶ɣð
ߡһƳ̣һƳ̼Σһ죬ҾŶһȷ
ʱ 
    Ӧ䣬轫Ŀӷϣ̲ס˸ۣյ˵
ㆪµ˵ôһѣΪ˵ѧϰϵء˰죬
롭С˵ôһ쵽ĶЩѽܲ
еѽ 
    ҵͷڶ˵ҪβҲ
ˣǲǰѲκˣҾѧϰˡ˵ǡҪҰѲ
κˣѧϰɼôȥأ 
    һ˫ۣŭĵңһʱҲ֪λӦҲ˼
ʱ䣬˵вУǾ͡Ͷһΰɡ
˵һһεģҲ֪ܵģǱ̫ˡ 
    賤һ۾αϡСĴϵı
仯ͻȻã˼֮󣬳˵һ
һΡ 
    ϲȻʱеãֻҪʱ䣬е 
    е̫ˣơ죬ô 
    졣 
    ͷΪѵ˵Ҿ°ѣԽԽã˹á
Ͼ߿ѾٽҵʱѾˡ 
    ĬƬ̣졣 
    졣 
    趢ңû˵ӦĬˡеĲɵһϲ
ĵļֱҪȥ§ס裬ѩ۵ϣݺݵһڡ 
     
    磬ҺͱԼǰϰ·ϱЩˣ죬
ĥĥġȥϰǶٷҲ̳ų
ȥϰѽ 
    ˵һŵסԭļ
š 
    ץס󣬽ǰק˵ˣϰ
ܲϰɡ 
    Ƴһۣʲôʱôˣǲţ˵ʲô
ҲμϰֵĻô 
    ̬Ҫеģ¶ܹҪȥġҲȥμϰֺͰŵ
ĻҪȷǣҲ衣ϰܻҪϵðɡ 
    ߵһô˵ôһռˡ 
    ˣ߶ˡþûȥϰˣȻ棬Ū
̫ѿˣ²̨ 
    Сһ飬ҡҡλΣһмô첲գ
ѽ 
    ǣҲãҲãһģϰ֣˼
һӡҪ˦ӣˣϰְ˭ѽⲻϰΪ
𣿻ͷˣ˼ĸŮϰֳܣܹϰ֡ 
    ҾͲˣ˭Ҫŵġ 
    ˣˣ¶ɡ 
    ؿңСʲôʱôˣȻ˵
ˡ 
    ҿЦ̾˿ô£ܹҪһİɡ 
    ˾ɾǰǿŵǰŵǺ¶΢Ц
˰ӣ˵ǸͽѽҺͰְǺܾ
ˡ 
    ҺЦһһߣһԳЦУˡ 
    Ƴһۣ˵˾䣺ѽռȵ 
    ŵûƵģȫ⣬ýת˴
šϰӳˣһΧȹ֣һЦǺǵ˵
Ǹ˵ɡšСѧϰѹ󲻴󣿡 
    ϰֳܵӣԵЩˡʱŵŴ
Ц˵ϰ֪Ҫ˷ܵһ˯žһ
ȥˡȵˮϾͺá 
    ˫ֲ嶵һɴˣ֪¥
ˡ 
    ϰֺͰŵģ϶ԵЩΡק˱һ
£ȻЦϰ֣Ұæڳվ˲١ 
    ϰЦЪɣҸǰæˡ 
    ˻ص˳æڿתһȦǰѾһ
ˣǽһĺɫϲ֣Ҳ¡ߵϰֵǰ
ƿţոµļҾߣոµĻ鴲ǽϵĻɴرֻۣ
˷ǣѾŮˡ 
    Լ赹һҲû䣬ȥʱӡ
ŵһֱҵЦŶ˵ɾɣÿ춼ɨ 
    Ұһۣ֪Ӧö˵Щʲô 
    ҵȣұ仯ܴ󣬼ȫӣȷе˵
ѾڰŵˡתһȦߺߵˤųӹ
ĵģȦе죬ݺݵĵ˰ŵһۡ 
    ŵЦЦС֣ǣһһûüӦ
ѾĹĵĳ˹ǵ˫ַֿӼм䣬˵
ѾˣѾûǵ֮ˡ磬ؼҡ 
    ֪ڶСο극ߡ 
    򣬷½˲ҺͱԵġҪȥ
æ˲ˣȴְָ˳ԽǶҿԽ˸еİ
ı˿ˡ 
    ŵڷ꣬һ̺ӳ˳
ЦŶ˵ϰ֪ǰ㣬ˮι˼죬
Կġ 
    ߵʱŵŵҶС㡣 
    ŵӦһͷȴײ̵ĸ첲̵֭
̵ָϣ̵һûȣӣˤһء 
    ̫죬ŵ㶵Լ衣ŭĿԲͨ죬
˦־͸һ⣬𶯵ģ 
    ŵ裬Ľͷһ仰Ҳû˵̼ͷŭ
󣬴Ƭֱ̣ѹһѽŵ§ס꣬
ſǻ˵Բŵŵ費ô㡣۲ۣ 
    û¡裬û¡裬ѹŵͨ죬һЩͣ
ȴ΢ЦοԼ衣 
    §ŰŵŵŵĲǹġ衣 
    裬治㡣û¡ 
    ҺͱվһԣǰľһãȻ 
    ʱϰӳ˳һأĸŮ§һ
ţæǰʵô£Ƽŵֺףɵ
ʵôִˣ 
    ҡ治ǹġŵ˵ 
    ŵḧţȰοûµģûµġ裬
ˡ 
    ϰüͷ壬̾˿֣СɨϽɨһ¡ 
    ҺͱһۣȥɨͶղһصǽɨɾ
§ŰŵһתܻŷŶصĿ
ǲعɨ֮󣬸 
    վеΣӳ䳡ˣϰôŬػԾգ
ôûڣŵȥﰲοȥˣʣ
һûһ˼ҳѵõһμͥ۲ֹͣ
Χˡ 
    籱ҪУ˷׼뿪ˡϰֽ͵¥£ԥ
ã̲סʵ֣ạ̇̄û°ɣ 
    ϰָЦû¡ǡˣ̫ȶûʲô¡ 
    ܾϰʲô뵽ڰŵϵ飬ҺȻ
һͷѲǰϵЩˣǱģ 
    ǡûѽ̿ǸǳŰѽ 
    صʰһ¾ȥѧУˡǰʼϰʱ
ʱŵĸŮ飬ܸоƵġȥҲ޽⣬
ͻȻӦǵ죬βˡ 
    һ뵽£ҵľͷˣо˲俺һǽ
˷ܾǿѹұҪΪѧϰȻ̫Բˡ 
    ʱ춯ʵ̲סм˳ȥֻ
վشЬΪϢ黨ȹɫ
˿࣬ɫĸ߸Ьźɫĸ󡾵һд硣 
    軻ЬߣƼվǰһ֮ʵ
ʲôأ 
    ſűߣЦŶĸ 
    üͷһ壬ʵһʲôһѽ 
    ֿſŤ˵еˡ 
    ˲Լѽ 
    ߻ңҲû룬ȥȴ⡣
Ƚ⣬ȻյOLװЩԸУȴ˷Ϣ
ܴ·һ˿ȣҲһζ 
    ϧǣ軹ѵȹͺɫ࣬˿ʵļҾӷ
վ⣬Ƴһۣʵſڸʲô 
    Ҳ֪Ƿ񻹼ǵһεԼҪһЩʾֲ֪
οڡŤŤĸһ·˳ϵΧȹͷ
һۣ㲻ϽݸϰһֱҸʲô 
    ĵش裬۾˳ϸ֫һֱƣӷ׵ļҾӷ
Ҳ赲ĺģǷ̵ͦƨɣԲģĺӱ
§סȻͦ桭 
    ҰҲûǻĬƬ̣תʵǱߣԵ
ô 
    ֪òڴ̽ϰǱߵ˵ͦõģϰ
׼һӵĺòˣĶе㲻Ӧˡ 
    š΢΢ĵ˵ͷĬΣŤͷһۣô
վţݸϰȥ 
    ұ˳ֻ˿˿ģèץһصⲽ
ûѧϰ 
    һҳϰϡˣһ
߰ڷ꣬һ˵Աˣ΢嵭һɡ 
    ʲôνؼǳ극󣬻ܲˡ谵ʾ
ͷԷҲһۡ˰죬̲סˣСֹ
ймҹ档޹زɷԲõ飬һҪ³졭
 
    ˵һ룬̧ͷң㷳ô룬ԸҲʡ
ġ 
    ǣҾ뵽СʱϰֽңҪһθУص
úӣ˵Ҫ㻰 
    費ͷ˵ˣұ죡 
    Ҽе㼱ˣ㲻نˡĴǣ϶
ҵ˼ġ 
    극ϴˢӣ֪ȴص
ˡеżˣڿȥץҲ֪
ǲǷˡ 
    ڹ˰Сʱſ˳һOLƷװ磬
ɫװɫ˿߳£ɫխȹɫ˿࣬ͷԺ
ɢųŮ˵Ըζ 
    ϲĵ˷ܺΡҲèƵģɵǺǵ
ɵüͷһҪѵңԥһ£Ƿˡߵɳ
Ҳһƣͷתһԡ 
    ҵֹоѪѹˡСԣȻ
迴УܸоóӺܽӲ 
    Ƭ̣Ųһ£һЩû뵽ϸ
Ųһ㣬ұһ룬;ʼûпһۣҲ 
    軹ǲ̫ϰߣҲ̫ؿƽ£Ȼ
˼ڴƵĻͷһۣüʵѽ 
    ûУûСҾ͡ѧġ 
    ʲôã 
    Էɽ⾫ѹ 
    ңĬƬ̣ʵô 
    ұֻǹڽţؿڷƣԴ˼ڴû뵽边Ȼô
ҡû취ֻںߵˣϣȻ
ñƤعʮӣĽ³ 
    ҵķκ֮Цʵоô 
    ûʲôо 
    ˰ɣ 
    ۾бң˭˵ҽˣ 
    Ҹæͷӭϣǣšҽţҽš˵ţҽ
˫Լ˴꣬ɾ˺Һķ֮ĺ
˿˹ȥۿ־ҪˣȻվһ
һ·첽뿪˿ 
    ֽһãȻĻңѵӣˣ
ͷӦˣ϶ǽˣȥһžС
ë 
    ղŵҪȴϵӣﲻɵһ
顣о貢ǰ£Щɰˡ 
    ã۾гһ죬ЦеĿ
üʵЦʲôЦ 
    Ц𣿡̲סٺһЦ 
    յĵңȴҲ֪ô죬ֻε
ȴʱֳһֺ·ڿĦ
ͷңŭ֣ܲܲ 
    æͣ϶Ǻʪģ 
    費ɵüͷһ壬һ˵Խ˵ԽҲˣϴȥ 
    ҲҵæܵĽϴϴ
裬˵÷ϸϸϴˣϴ˺ü顣 
    ϴʲôҫġ費мĳ˫һۣٴһ
˵ָôôˣϽҼɾˡ 
    ָ֡ףϸһ£ֹ㳤ѽ 
    ңʵ 
    Ҹæͷ˵ҼҼҼȻеԹԣĶҲѽ 
    ָ׺ַֽŵǰǰ˷˵һ£
ɾ˰һﱵĥһ¡ 
    ҵ֣ϸһ£˵Ӧ 
    ôоСʱһϴָּ 
    һۣСһġ 
    ҲϴˣָҲˣ˰ɡ 
    㡭û뵽˵ôֱ¶ǣݺݵĵһۡ 
    ҲûоԣѿڶģЩŭˣæ
ߣҶ裬Ͽεʱ򣬸оͷر˼·ر
 
    š 
    Ľ͵ҪѹСˣǸұòô
ˣѧϰʱעͼˡ 
    ؿбңǱǰʱˣƤЦˣƤˡ 
    ⻹Ƕæô¾ͻţһ˸
û취սʤħ⻹˵ûİæⱲӾˡ 
    費ͷĻ˻֣ˣҴñˡС˼
ס˭ѽ 
    ҺٺɵЦһ֮ʱַĺ˿ϡ豻
ͻȻϮӲɵһ𣬱ܵץҵ˦һԣȻ
εĶƬ̣ٿظһƬΣͷתһԡ 
    ֻ֪ʶĶҲû룬㷢֮
£ѩ޳ĲֻŻһƬ̣ٶȽ˹ȥ
ķĺ˿ϡ 
    ȻѾ֪ٴˣ˿һ˲䣬紥
һ㣬ȺһƬ˿ϸĸоǰᡣ 
    ڿҵԸԲ˿ϣḧ
ƣϸ˿ʴСɱýģתһԣ
ңļѪһƬ 
    ֱµĿмֱ̼ҲҪҪģоǸĴȣ
û취ˣֻʹʹߣһȻͲӲȻ
Բ㣬ܵȴǼ跢й 
    ûеõĻ϶˵
ĸᱻߵġãսʤǣ
ҲῴߣС㣬ֻҪˡ 
    뵽ḧĴȣĵ˿ס
ӲСߣ 
    ĺ˿ţһһȹŲţ
˿ʴдĿУߣ۾Ķ
Ĳ̲ס档ܴڴϣȿ
ĸHǸǶô˷ܴ̼ѽ 
    Ȼ֪ͷԣȴ糱ˮӿҲô죬
æסҪֹҺͬʱֱܵץĺ
ɫȡ 
    üʹһʶĽͷŤ˹Ƽҽ˿
ӡ赱Ȼ֪ڸʲôɵüͷһ壬һС
 
    ŵĸæִĺ˿ÿһڡŵ
һһ˳ھźͽţƨ
3.10 
    ֮£ƨҲ֪Ǳ跢Ϊ
ƨԵʣֻһķ̣βѡ 
    ԭͺ죬۾ңƬ̣Ҳסˣ
͡һЦ˳ҽҷҲźٺɵЦ 
    Ц࣬ǳ⣺Ц 
    һЦԭŵѾȻ޴棬浹Ե
ЩˡҵֻڿסŨľҺһӣ
һ硣 
    СĴ裬ϱհģҲ֪
οѵҡƬ̣Ľִӿ˳ڿ
ϲ˲䡣 
    üͷһʣĶĨأ಻ࣿ䣬ƾͺˣ
һ죬ǳ⣺ȥʲôУ 
    ٴ⣬Ҳ˲ϿճҲƵӻ˷˵
ЩǱ̻̼ģƼʱĿࡢ
߽ӵı飬֪ôģоһˬ 
    ֮Ϊ֤ЧģҼӱŬѧϰ̬
ˣɼҲԵߡ 
    ôһֱ˰£һģ⿼ʱ۾ĵͷžӣ
ȻоվһˣܵŤͷȥ࿼ʦվԱߣ׿
ҵľӡҶһۣҰڰ֣ʾⲻҪӰ죬⡣ 
    ѧʦ¥ڽסҡͣ½Ųͷɻ
ʦ׷һͬѧ¥ߣЦңֲѽ
Գɼߣǲѹ⣿ 
    ѹǱǰʱСһЩˡʵ˵ 
    ʦһۣϴŹŹֵЦݣɻʵΪʲô
ƵĳɼߣôֻӢɼԭ̤ 
    Ӣҹ⿼ıȽģеС˼ֲܸʦͣһ
£͵վסϵ´һ¶ɻı顣 
    ʦҸͿˣͣͷԼƣƵʵ
ôˣʲô𣿡 
    ҹȵ˵ʦͻȻһ顣 
    ʦüͷһƵʲô£ 
    ˣ 
    ʦһȻ侲ķʵôû 
    ͷˣˣٷ֮ٵˡʵҲڹ⹧ά
ˡ 
    ʦֶ˶죬ţ·еԴˡ 
    Цʵ֪ô˵ô 
    ʦƳһۣ̲סʵô֪ģ 
    Ҫűǰˡ˾ᣬҴġ 
    ʦ΢΢һ죬ʶҧһ촽̲סһЦȻ
һ˵Сǹ˵ġѹôŮϲΧ
ת 
    ҿЦҡҡͷŮԵãû취 
    ʦߵһЦ˵֣㻹˰ 
    üͷ˵ҿݣ˵֡ 
    ~ ʦҼһ£ѵûû
СҸʦЦѽ 
    ˵䣬Ⱥ߳ѧУҺȻƼͣڽֶ棬
ڳϣһ󡾵˫ֱأޱ 
    û뵽ңвɵһϲЦŶʦ˵
ˣ˰ 
    ʦ˳ҵ˹ȥüʵĸ
ϵģô 
    ѽǾ衣 
    ʦпᡣ 
    ҺٺһЦҲѽ 
    ʦһۣҲû⣬𣬵ߵߵܵǰҿ
ĵʵ裬ôˣ 
    ûлشңʵ˭ѽ 
    ĸһʱûзӦ 
    ղվѧУſڣ˵Ǹ 
    ŶӢʦ 
    һ£ȻŶʦѽѹֿ졣 
    ֣סһʵʶʦ𣿡 
    ҡҡͷʶȥǰδˡ 
    һ㶣ѽ 
    ӢɼôҵȻҪһӢʦͣһ£
˵˾䣺ȥķ¶̫ˣҲû˵ϡ 
    𲻿ĵæתƻ⣺裬ôҷѧ
ˣ 
    ûң򿪳ţʾϳڸʻλϣû˵
֮󣬷ֳҵķʻȥ̲סʵ裬Ҫȥ
Ķѽ 
    ȥҽ 
    һ⻰żæʣôֿҽ 
    в͵ȥҽôŰɡ 
    Һ費ԸΪˣһңȴֲʡ 
    ץӣǲµ뷨˵
Ҵģһҽ˵ⷽ漲ͦġ 
    С˾䣺Ķôѣһ쵽ҽ 
    ƳһۣΪΪ˭ѽ 
    æϣٶ˵һʵ쿼ô
 
    УѹСˣҲˡ 
    ʳָһһµỵ̂͵͵ܸо
Щֵֹġ 
    ĬãȻʵǸʦ𣿡 
    Ҳ̫ɡ 
    Ҹղż˵ЦģΪǺء 
    б۴裬ϱƽ֪ͣͻȻʦǺ⡣
Խ͵ʱһȥ䣬㲻
ɡ֪ôģͻȻоʦЩΣ˵ӡ 
    ҶʦӡͦõģܵҪά˾䣺ղʦ
š 
    ʲô 
    ᣬƯʱУʺãзͼӴ׵˵һѡ 
    һۣû˵ 
    ʵҾţʦе񡣡Ҳ֪ôģĪ
ļ˾䣬һھͺˣæ͵ȻˣֻǸоеѡ
ġ໹ʣԶˡ 
    üͷ΢΢һ˺þã˵СҾ㰡
ʦѧɲܸ߰뷨 
    һţ֪ˣæͣ뵽Ķȥѽ
ϴʦ⸨ʱҾеоʦôһ
Ǹо 
    һ⸨ʲôʱô֪ 
    ͡ϴΡѧУ˼䷿ӣǸʦҲס
ǸС 
    һңҲסǸС 
    ǰҸоķӦеˡ 
    ƺҪ˵ЩʲôſڣҲû˵󽫳һ
Ͼɵסլ¥¥õģͰ˾ʮļ¥
ټѾˣ·ƻ谵ɭɭġ 
    ³֮һһȦʵ˵ҽסѽ 
    ûϳţһΧҲ
ЩûסѾˣȿ˵ɡ 
    ŵַ˼ţŵһ߰ʮͷһѰ׺ӣ
ƹİҩζеֵָĸо 
    轫ҵĲϸĸҽһ£Ҿһţ
öˣҲûɶβ˼ˡ 
    ҽҺ˺Ȼ˵һЩѪͨϣ
ϣһ˼ҩ 
    ֮裺оҽײ 
    ˵ĸҽұ֤ٷְܰѲ˸κõģβã͵
һ塣 
    ɫ·˼Ҳ͹ݣǡǸƵ
ӣһ·Ҷڵģҽ֮ǲǾͲˡ뿪ѯ
ʣһֱңҲûʳڡ 
    ڻؼ֮ݻҾӷɴźɫOLװͳɫ˿
࣬ڿɳϣһ 
    龰֪ûкڣɵһϲæȥｫϴ
ϴߡѾǵˣҲϰˣûȵ
Σֱбɳϣֻ 
    ԴǴ֮ҾҲˡζļȣԶ
Ҳ塣˿ʱԸУˣѾûʼ
ʱֱŵĴ̼ˡ 
    ҲһøĿУǿҵСֲ
ˣѾ˺þˡϣҾðһԣ
ߣջ˿װһüչӡ 
    ãжҪҾ;Ϳʼˡ̲
סһۣȴҲû˵ʲôֹһһûж̲ס
һС 
    ~ ǿѹͷ𣬾͵ȿء 
    㷢ʲôأ 
    ˼ 
    ~ 㻹˼ѽ˼ʲôأ 
    ˼ǸЧ̫ˡ;
ô˵أеҩˡ 
    ҩԣüͷһ塣 
    ǡ̼һز͡Ͳô̼ˡҵ
˼𣿡 
    бңһãȻ 
    ô˵أǡĴȣƵһ̶ȣе㡭 
    ֪ôʱĮ˾䣺ˣ 
    Ҳ˵ˡǡѽ治֪ô͡ô
Ӧʲô˼ɣ 
    ߵһҲסȻԼ֪ôͣ
Űɡ˵գߡ 
    ҼˣæʵȥĶѽ 
    Ц㲻ҩҸ㻻ҩȥ 
    ǡҩһʱƿڣֻĿ߽
˳ 
    һƮһŨҩζ˵ĻҩҪ
ҰҩȡҲ֪ǲǹģһСıٸŪɳ׾ˡ 
    һһںҩ˹ҵǰҵ
ͷһۣŨҩζ˱ǶüһʵҪ
ѽ 
    ңʵా˰죬㲻ѽ 
    УҺȣҺȡҶ룬˼Ȼסӣһ
ҩȥֻоɬᶼҪˡ 
    һĿ࣬ͷסشŴ̲סЦ漴˵
˾ͻݸϰȥɡ 
    ǣҼˣʵôβѽ 
    ⲻѾ㰾ҩôڰβѽ 
    ǡ;͡ô 
    㻹ô 
    üͷһί˵ҿ죬ҲǾ͡Ҳ
Ҳ֪ô˵Ѿе״ˡ 
    ЦղŲ˵ҩô 
    ҼЦЦܸоǹˣ棬Ǽץ̲
ס͵ǾһȻһʼô̼ˣҾ
û塣һЧġһ£Сļ˾䣺ֻ
Ҫ١һġ 
    һ˵һĴ裬˫ֱأ΢Į
ؿбңʵ㵽˵ʲô 
    ˵ɾͳˣһҧӲͷƤ˵ҾŰɣⲡϵ̫ˣ
ȷʵáҾ;ţǲܹһҩܲȵĻϣ
һ±ʲôط 
    һʵ㻹Ķѽ 
    ǡǡĵطʵ̫ˣʶĵͷ
˿һۣ˵š𣿡 
    ۾ĿתĶңͷƤһķ顣Ƭ
ȻŭȣСôˣ 
    Ҽ跢ŵ˫һС죺оͲУʲôѽ 
    ˵ʲô 
    û˵ʲô 
    ߵһЦ˵㻹أݸϰȥ 
    ƻʧܣû취ֻܴͷɥĻصɥǰ
֡͵ʴףһĴ̼ûдɣԭеĸ
Ҳûˡ 
    ڶϣһԲɥ
ǼˣƹƵ˽ˡǸûѽ
Լôôסأ 
    УһҪ취ʧУõֵ裬ôˣ 
    ǸôأǸϴԸ񣬿϶һ׵ġ 
    ȥǵЮ߿İϷҪѧϰ¹ν
׷ŮƤҪһЩС 
     
    ں˼ʲôأ 
     
    һÿҵ룬˵ϽԷ
ʲôأһֳٵˡ 
    üͷյ̾˿ 
    ңôˣҾѽˣʲôС 
    ﲻɵһ𣬹Ȼ֪Īĸһ۾ƳǼװˡҳ
һ˵Եء 
    һ⻰Ȼ£ʵʲô£ 
    ͻӢ¶ 
    Ӣôˣ 
    ɼϲȥ¡ҵͷ̾ 
    Ϊ¶轫ŽɵĿҡ 
    ǿɲӢ֡˵Ҹôѽ 
    ۾ޱĶ˰죬ȻʵӢʦ
Ǹ⸨ôôɼô 
    ʦһ 
    ţʦͷÿӽࡣ 
    Ҳ֪ôͻȻˣԥһ£˵͸Ҹ
ôһΣҲûʲô̫Ч 
    ĬΣ˵֪ԼĲСӢ֣Ӣ϶
ѾˣϽ˷ѧȥɡ 
    ̬е֣Ҳ֪ûƳҪ֪ǹ
ôģҾҪغˡ貢ûйɡ 
    ڶҽɼø迴ʱüͷ壬һֹ۵
ӣҡͷ˵ҪӢʦ̸һˣӢɼôͳ
ϴˣ 
    ҳ̾һǰҲѽ~ ӢʦҲ̸ܶˣ
ĳɼϲȥ 
    ųɼ˼Ƭ̣˵ʵڲУ㱨ɡÿ
ѧֱȥϿΡ 
    û뵽ӣæ˵𣬸ˡ 
    ңɻʵΪʲôѽ 
    Ǹ࡭ʾ֭룬˵
ķΧ̫ʺңҾڼ︴ϰͦõġ 
    üͷ΢ôô¶ѽķΧãҪʲô
Χѽڼ︴ϰⲻһʲô仯ҲûС 
    ǣҪ࣬ѧ̫ˡǼҾһ˹
׬ǮҾŰɣʡҪʡһġ 
    ѵ⣺òģҪľѧϰ 
    Ҿţ⸨ʦûء 
    ۾гһ죬бۿңʵСǲ
ʲôѽ 
    ҸæϣϹ¡ûУûУⲻڸ
ǵȥҸӢǶʱ䣬ҵӢɼѽԣҾ
ŻңʡǮЧֺá 
    趢ңԥƬ̣̾˿û˵Ҷ˽⣬
Ĭˣﲻɵһ֡Ҳ֪ǲҵĴܸоϱ
Щ޿κκƣ롣 
    صԼ֪ڸʲôҲûҽ
ڿⲽʱʱĿһʱ䡣 
    ԼĪ˰Сʱڿˣ˳
ǣȻɵļҾӷ´OLƷ 
    ɫƷСװV Բľ˶Ͻɫ³ŵĽģ
ճһԸ˵ߣɫֱͲխȹ
˿ĳ˿࣬ûи߸ЬѳģԵ˫޳Բ̡ͦ 
    û뵽Ĵ磬ֻ۾ֱضЩ㶡
Щ˼һСʲô⣬
ΪҲ֪ͬ뷨Ϊûк֮ǣȫĵĶ뵽ѧ
ϰ֮СٸҶʲôԽУǳ˵ǰ棬Ӣ
ɼҪϲȥҵš 
    붼û룬æͷ֤ұ֤Ӣɼһߵһȫ
ˮƽġ 
    һۣҽ뵽ҵԣʼҸӢ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôߣҾ͸оܰģ
޵㣬ֱĿ 
    ȻﶼǷǷ֮룬Ҳֻ̫͵͵ĸ
ؿڴ飬̫Ŀŵʱʱ͵͵һۣ
е˿ȡٵС·ֻص˴ǰ 
    һεĸƱҩ͸θˣʱʱ
Ҫȥҽһ¡ 
    ÿ춼ܿ˿ȡϾˣһ
һʢŽǰ˿ȣġʵ̲סˣ
ǰ⽫ʵڵϣʵʱ򣬲Ľַ˿
ϣȻûһѡСϷȻӲĻ۽𾦣Ҳ
ûôѵң۾ݺݵصһ£Ȩ档 
    ôһ˰£Ϊ˷㣬ؼ֮ҲҾӷˣɴֱ
Ӵװȹ˿ɼ⵹Ҵ۸һС
ҵӢɼԵȻˣҲΪûзˮʵˮƽ
˾ӡ 
    ųɼһ۷ֿһۣϱ鵭Į֪
ЩʲôҸæǰȥЦ˵Եİɣ 
    ˵ͷ˵ԡɲܵΣɼ
Ҳһʡڴѧ뿼廪ֱЦ 
    ֪֪һߵͷӦͣһ͵͵裬Ȼ
ǵЦȷʵβסģЩġЩ
ˣĥǲǿԳûҪ㽱ˡ 
    Ұҩǿζһ꣬룬վ
ڲ輸һɻĿңʲôѽݸϰȥ 
    ĬƬ֮üͷ˵裬Һ˰
ôһҲûа 
    ҩҩԶ𼱣ȼƳ˵ 
    ⶼˣҲһöûаɡûãܾţ
ҵĲֶˡ 
    ңʵô񻯷 
    ǡͷװһΪӣǰʱ䣬Ǻҩ
֮ǰҸоһһںתǡô˵أ̧ͷĳ̶ȣ
ٷ֮ʮɰٷ֮ʮˡԴӺҩִ֮Ӱٷ֮ʮ
ذٷ֮ʮˡҲ֪ǲҩ¶ҲǱԭ򡣡 
    ѾʹʾˣҲ費ҵ˼ֻؿб
һԵĿңκ̲ס̾һε˵
ѽֳܷһѧϰϣͿϴѧˡ 
    ǣ㿼ϴѧʲô˼ѽҿɥ˵
ҪȰѲκðɣ 
    һƣĿңСѾھİˡ
ĺѽ˵գֳ̾һһƨɳϣԼĺ
˿ȣ˵ɣɡ 
    ҼѾЭˣȻͣȴδԸϣ
ߣһ˵裬߿ԽԽˣǵʱ
ˣҾŲô̵ˣӦüǿƷˡ 
    Ȼ֪ڴʲộ͵վͷң˵
СϲҲã˿ҲãҶˡ֮⣬붼ˣ 
    ҼתҪߣǿ뿪һȥڵϣ˫
סȣ޺裬ӰɡӺʹѽ~ 
һ˵ţ˿ƣźɫ˿˳
ĴС 
    ңǳ⣺ʲôӣɥأ 
    һʼҾʹ⣬ҪƤף˵ʲô
ġһĺ˿ȣһ߸ɺ裬Ұɣ
뱲ӵҸɾȫָˡ 
     
    ҲҪӦҾͲ 
    С㵽ô 
    ðβӵҵΣðβ
֮࣬ϵĵ°ܵ 
    㡭üͷֹϱּҪҡ 
    룬˰ɣն˵ 
    §˿ȣһ·»Ħ˿࣬
ġɳɳ죬һֱĺ˿š 
    Ǵһ㣬ѽһ̧ܵȣҪ߿û
ȴҳûץѵϵЬ˿Сϣϸϸ
档ԭͺᱡϸĺɫ˿ཫСŹԲ
㱳Եرİϸۡ 
    ĺɫ˿£ϸɵľӨֺУɫֺ
ɼ⻬װ׽Ͼ񣬺⻬Ļȡ
ֻŻȣؼ޲ĺ˿Сţݺݵ
һڡ 
    ҽűУվ־ŭС
 
    еκģоӷƮһƬհףֻ˫ĺ
˿ϲסظţ˷ܡźʹ̼֯һ𣬿ٳѪ
ĸоЩ͡ 
    ĺ˿СŸһȻʶ費Ҳû
ͣĶƬ̧̣ͷȥֻͷһ˪ĵ
ңСͨ졣 
    ֱʱҲŸе£ɵһ󱳼ٷȥС
Ľĺ˿ŻصϣЬȻԹԵվ 
    һļžϢأãȻֶ̧ҵ
Դһƣ̲ס̾һյ˵ôô
̬

3.11 
    ҼһŭҲ̫ˣ˵һԲ𣬻Żŵӻ
ҡ 
    ҹڴϣȥ˯žЩЩûڣô
̬أ˶ңҸôأ 
    峿Щ飬֪ô衣𴲺ûи˵һ
仰ƶûһۡҪǸûиһᣬ緹
ȥˡ 
    Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôô³ç飬ʵѹƲסе
ֻҪһ裬һŻȼաѾ㲻Ҫ
ĳԸе壬ˡ 
    л㱵Ĺһ죬ѧؼңﾹȻûˣеˡò
Ϊϵ飬ҳ˰ɣ 
    ԼĪСʱؼңЩĪš
ԥҪҪ绰ʱ죬ˡһװȹ˿
ͺɫ߸Ь˼ϵİ֮⣬ﻹһĹҵֽ 
    ־ϲӵĴ˸кƲһֽۣЬϣ
һЬһޱʵվſڸʲô 
     
    ûңݻ·ȥתһȦ𱸵
Ҳ֪ͻѽ 
    šҲ֪λӦֻ۾ӣ
һţƽջᴩƷ˿࣬컻˼Ҿӷʲôأ 
    迪ʼڳԥãڹߵ
Ͽҵ˵裬Բ𡣡 
    ûңѹٴ˵裬ġ 
    ˣ˵ˡȻҴϣȥɡ 
    ˰ɣ̽ʵ 
    ʲôãε̾˿ 
    ǡǡһ£˵ʵڲУһٵˡ 
    ٿͣƬ̣һҨӣڿ
һ£ͷ˵ͷ 
    һܵ˰벽ʵҪѽ 
    ңޱ˵㲻Ҵһ㣬ͷ
 
    ҶӣԼԴһЦ
̫˰ɡ 
    ȻڰϺݺݵһ£ȵ
ȥ 
    һ£ٶͣһ̵ܻǰЩ
ãȻղŵˣڹŻء 
    Էʱһֱĵع۲裬ʼûʲô飬
Ҳ֪ЩʲôǸĹҵֽҵķ
֮һģԾǰ˵
Ծˡ 
    ҷһ£̲ס˵ѳҽ֮⣬ʶʦҲ١ 
    ͷһ£ϻࡣ 
    ԼԴٶ졣Ա˵ϸ
һ£ǰ·ߣߴˣҲӦôġ 
    裬ʵʲô˼ѽ 
    ΪֻҪżһЩѹͻᰲѧϰˣ
ѹûѧϰϡԽǶݣԽǵôߡ 
    ûô˵һ룬ĿңæĿڣ
ǣеôߡǻΪżϿѲκãȫ
ĵͶ뵽ѧϰȥ 
    Уסɡ˵ʲôҶˡھ͸ͷѧϰ
ʲô롣 
    ǡⲡôѽ 
    ôξôΣҽģҽ˵ʲôʲô 
    ŶҵͷӦһ˼Ժƶʲô
ˣоģΪ³çٶûڲѡ 
    ôôסأ 
    ӽԺٸЩаġ裬Ҷӣ
ûУ 
    ѵһҵͷ˵Ҹ㱨˸࣬
쿪ʼÿѧ֮ȥϰϿΡ 
     
    ʲôû 
    ˡ 
    ˣԼϰɡЩӶˡĶһ
ҵңһˣסͷ 
    û취ֻѧ֮ȥѧϰֻҲ֮
ڴݾߣķк;~ ˵ʲôˡ 
    ֪ڶǼȲε״̬ҪĻɣͱ
ж֤ʵԼĻڹѧϰϼӾŬȡһõΣֻ
ֵĻġ 
    ΪôĿ꣬ٴο˿̿ѧϰģʽʱʹ࣬ҹ
첻ˣڰºĲҾȻһٿȫ
Ӣɼǳԡ 
    ҽɼûؼʱȻϲȴΣ
ߵһЧͦԵģɼһӾȥˡ 
    ҵͷ˵ʵ踨ĺãҵӢɼĲô
졣 
    ˣҴñˡ 
    ҺٺЦôǸñء˵ʵĽѧˮƽһһ
İȵרҵʦˡ 
    ѵüãȻҲǸ˵úܣȥ
ɻ˼ΣôҲϳȥҲɵһ԰æһ߸
һ˵ЩЦܶ迪ģһʱ䣬·ֻصЩĸТ
 
    ĸ׼ͲʱҵֻͻȻˣһ
룬Ȼϰִġ 
    ֻͨȺϰ֣ϰӦһȻң
û 
    ĵ̧۴һ裬ҲڿҡԥƬ̣վ
װźŲõӣһһߴ˵տʼԷι
ϰ֣ι 
    ߻Һѹ˵ˣʲô£˵ɡ 
    ĬƬ̣ϰ˵ŵŵˡ 
    һ룬ŵˣϰָҴ绰ʲôѲɣ
ز 
    ĬƬ̣˾䣺ô 
    ϰֵƵģաղˣüˡ 
    ǡҲ֪ϰִ绰˼һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô 
    ϰ̾˿ŵŵҽԺǼԷס 
    šҴ绰ʲô˼ѽȥô 
    ϰ̾˿֪ѧϰͦæġŵŵеԺģһ
ֱں㣬һֱ˵Բ㡣 
    ⵹Щ⣬˵СħŮεƭңˣӦþ
ӦãӦú޿ĲŶԡʵϣҲûоŶˣЩ
ġΪ˵ŶԲңҲƭ˵ġ
ǡ 
    ϰּҰû˵̲סʵ㡭ҪҽԺ
һðɡ֪ŰŵĸŮд˼֮⡣ 
    ҳ˼˺þã˾䣺ҽԺַѽճڣûϰֻ
ϺˣæĿڣˣһҪϲϰ࣬ûʲôʱ䡣 
    Ŷˡ 
    Ҫȥ 
    ˣѧϰҪҽ˵ˣҲûʲô󰭡 
    ˵˼䣬Ҷ˵绰վԭأüͷ壬˺þãſ߻
˿һۣޱʵֵĵ绰 
    š 
    ʲô£Ҫ˵ 
    һ£ҲûҪ裬˵ŵ
סԺϰҪȥҽԺ￴ 
    ûпҶı飬Ҳûʲô仯֪ʲô
æ˾䣺ûӦ 
    Ƭ̣̾һǺӵҲͦġ 
    ԭΪرᰲŵû뵽ͻȻôһ䣬̽Եʵ
裬ô 
    һСӣҺʲô 
    ǡǼҡ 
    ͵̧ͷ˵ǼҲɢ𣿡 
    æͷ£ҿ 
    ֮賤̾һŵǺǶ˵㣬Բ
ô£ܹΪá 
    裬еʥĸķ˰ɣΪãҲܲ
Ұɡ˭˭ˣ 
    ѽ˭˭ˣЦһ̧ͷңʵ֪
ΪʲôҪô 
    ΪҺͰŵƵô˵ԽԽͣЩӵĿ
衣 
    ûлش𣬻ĽͷתһԣЩį֪һ
£Щ˵һӶĨȥ˰̣˰
棬һ 
    Ȼϰֵ󣬵Ͽʱ̲סŵ
Ĺ龫֣һһЦڲϵӡ 
    ѧ֮վѧУſԥǻ˺þãڻǲ
룬֮ͨ󣬶˵٣ȥˡ 
    跴ʵȥҽԺ 
    šʵش𣺡ȥϰ˵ͦصġ 
    ȥɡ١ƽĩ˼˾䣺
 
    šҴӦһҶֻűϰַϢѯʾ
ַϰָҷҽԺԼš 
    Сʱ˲⣬ŴһȦϰֺ
ΧڲǰŵڴϣŵΡ 
    ȿңͱͱϰֵĸ첲ϰֻͷһۣ첻
ЦʵӰѧϰɣ 
    û£û¡Ҹʦһ١ŵõô 
    ǿˡȥɡ 
    Ҹϰ˲̳ҵͷȦģɫЩ
ףƣƺüûкúϢˡŵڲϣ˫۽գ
һĲݣȫûյĻ 
    ϰߵǰͷĶߣ˵ŵŵˡ 
    ŵԣӶһ۾һ΢
΢ǿǱ־Ե΢Ц˵磬 
    š˵ʵȻɺӣ˵ܡ 
    רҵģ 
    ҹڲϣǿģ˭ģ 
    ŵҪ˵Ȼҵؿһæˮ
ˮϰȰˣˣ԰βˡú
ţ˵ˡ 
    ֹס֮󣬰ŵ˵Уòײһˣ
˵ 
    ϰֺһŤͷңҶ˵ʲô㲡˵ɡ 
    Ҳˣֲˡ 
    ҿЦʲôʱˣ 
    ϰֶ˵ŵŵ˵ɡ 
    ˼Ƭ̣ߵǰ˵Ҿ
˰ɡ 
    šŵ˵ͷ˿į˵ȥ㣬
ҡ 
    ȷʵ̫ҪǺ䣬ӣЩĲ̣
ԳĬӦ 
    ĬƬ̣ŵ۾İĶ˵磬ϾҪգ
һһϲ 
    ȥĻ滹ĿҸæ֣ЦǱˣȥ
͸ҵ͹˵ģֹǾϲֱǾˡ˵ţ
ʶĿϰһۣϰϵıҲЩȻȻҲ뵽ȥ귢
顣 
    ŶŵֻС߬סɫԵס˰
ֻ۾һգһգĿңð˾䣺ʱʲô
 
    ͬһգһ£Ц˵Ǹѧ
ҪʲôҲ𡣲ǰһտְɡ 
    ţҲͦˡŵɵĵ˵ͷȻ۾һЦ
лл硣 
    㵹ͦġҲ̫̫ã˵ˣ
㻹ϢɣҸ㡣 
    ҪʱŵסңʾĻҪ˵ҿ˿ϰֺ
̣ԥһ£ſĶߡŵЦС˵ʵǹ
ġ 
    ţһ㶡 
    ǹҵġû뵽һСĸ˷ס 
    ҿЩЦõ˵˾䣺Уɡ 
    Ҹϰֵϰֶң·㡣ȥúѧϰ 
    һԵ̳˼һ£˵ҪȥһСɡ 
    ϰֿһ£ͷ˵ҲСһС
ŵŵ 
    Ҳһ𣬸æ˵òáòôֲǲ
ʶ·Լ߾ˡ 
    ôܾʼռҪ¥Ҳֻˡ֪
϶лҪ˽¶˵һֱסԺ¥Ҳûп 
    ĬĬߵҽԺſڣһͷ˵˾䣺͵ˣ
ȥɡ 
    ͣ½ŲƬ̣˵֪ŵŵǹġ 
    ֪ŮĪĸŵʲôԸӦ֪ģһҲȡ
̼˵ҿҹˮԼͷϽ 
    ôֹѽ 
    ֹɳɵ 
    ˰ŵĻ棬ţҲó
ġ 
    ˮƬ̣ʵŵϵİ̺㿴˰ɣ 
    šҵ˵ͷ 
    ̾˿˵Ҳһ裬ûܱðŵ
ŵǸúӣʲôǵǸ˵ţ
˰벽ؾһȻ˵֪
һܺްŵǰŵ㣬СͺĽЩиĺӡϣ
ԭ 
    һʱ䲻֪ö˵ЩʲôʵϰŵʲôҲǺܼ
ϵġû취ĵǸ 
    ̼ҳĬҲûٶ˵ʲôҾһĬĬת
ȥˡ̵ıӰҺȻ밲ŵĵεΣͻȻ
Щġ 
    Ѿ˼٣ȥ࣬Ƶߡһ·϶
һ귢飬ЩȻʧ˵öԣһ˵ı磬
ȫڰŵϣֻȼҩǸѣ׷
ĹġңΪԼڼ˺衣 
    ˼֮ʱƼǰҹвԣһ
ϤӰ͵ͣϸһƣȻذ̣λϣ
һˣʮ꣬һɫ£ɫ㣬ɫװαϣ
ϴ۾ͷ͹ 
    ذ̻д磬īɫ˶ףţп㣬˶Ьͷ
β衣Ҳ֪ǲְҵԵʣôԶԶȥоɢ
һɲŭı 
    ذ̸һİһԷ磬òԼɣ 
    ֪ôţҾȻо˼Ȥվڽֶ濴ǡ
ӣ˻ûôǸеĵ˵Щʲôذʼ
ձŸֻ̬˵ͷŻҲһ仰͸û
ġ 
    š֮ķΧЩΣӦû棬˴˻̫Ϥ
ǸеĿ˺üֻЩִ٣ֹһذ˵Щʲô
·˱Ҵ뿪ˡ 
    룬˿̫ûƷˣԼʱŮѣûԼ
ˡתһ룬Ҳǲ⣬ذһǧ
֮ӡĶ棬Ҳܣ޲Ͽ 
    ߺذ̷˿ӣͷһ˫͵ץͷ
һӣһɥĿαϡ 
    ô£һǵһοذӣȻоЩЦ 
    һӣת뿪֪ذŤһͷǡҵ
ײһذһԭΣĬĬߵģӶ
ˡ 
    ȻȻˣҲûҪװˡ÷ѧȥҽԺŵû
üҼϵĲ˶ûôԣԥһ£˹ȥذ
̶Աһײ;ߡ 
    ذΣ漴͵ذʵô 
    Ц˵·ذһһûԷ
͹ԡ 
    ·ذ̺ɵĿҡ 
    · 
    㶼Ƽʲôˣذʵ 
    ûʲôҾһԷȻҶŸղù
;ߣȵ˵ԭѽ𣿡 
    ʲô£ 
    أϲȥˣ֪ʡ 
    ذ̵һۣû˵ˡ 
    ҿһϵĲˣЦ˵Ÿտʼ԰ɣһûԷ
һ԰ɡ˵꣬Ա˲;ߣҲʼ
ˡ 
    ذ̵ңЦɹԾİͳ
ˡ 
    ҼƬ⣬ŽڵĻƤЦ˵ҲǿҴ
СģҰˣһٷڰҺ߰ɣ 
    ذ̶ЦЦСССģƤôôѽ 
    Ƥܳ٣Ƥܻ 
    ѹһ쵽ü̾ġҪôӣҶû
ˡ 
    Ϊ½ԵʣƽʱذҲûңͲˣЦ˵
ǰ迪Ц˵ҪŮ𣿡 
    СʱԣҲƤ˵㡣˭֪ôӣ
ҪŮҲȥҽ 
    ⻰Ҳû̫⣬ϸһ룬־е㲻Ծˡ
ü̽ԵʵҲȥҽȥҽˣ 
    ذңЦһ֪ѽˡҲǹùģ
̯һӡ 
    ʶͷüȥҽô֪ѽ 
    ֪ʲôѽذ̱鼫Ϊм 
    ˺þãϸĻɵûȻѹϴȥ
ҽʱǵطôϤȫһȥӡҽҵ
ʮ˽⣬˵ʲô֪ӡѾ
ܾˡ 
    һ˺ܴѹôû뵽أһ
֪ܵĹҪͼԼѹת޸衣̫
Ƕˡ 
    ذ̼ҴͷɥӣҲû˵ɵЦô˵
ȥҽǲ 
    ʵĵ˵ͷ 
    ⷴӦҲδذ̳һ䣬漴
ȥõ㣬 
    ҹɵĵ˵ͷ 
    Ƭ̣ذ˵ˣˣһ˳Ҳ˷ѡҰ
ûзӦ˵ѽŸʲôأ 
    ӣɵĳ 
    ذ̶һһϸ룬⻹
һεԷ˭Ҳû˵оЩ졣 
    ذǾ˳תҵп뾯飬һӢԸҲ
⣬ԷʱҲûǶི˵½Ը񣬸軹ǲ
ġ 
    Ĭһذ̿Ҹ⣬ʵѧϰô 
    С 
    ˵æѧϰٸˡ 
    ½Ӧ˽豧ԹҲ֪ذǲʦģ
̧ͷһۣС˵ʱȷʵЩţƽʱҲܳһ
ЩУġ 
    ֪ذȴ˵һԵúܣѧϰȽأ
Ѿ˵ˣûʲô£ͣһ£Ȼʶʲô̧ͷ
ң˵ǰʱ㱨˸ϰ࣬ôûȥѽǲ
ˣ 
    ûСе¶ļ١ 
    Ϊ߿£ûٲġѧϰԼ£ԼҲ
ġ 
    ذƽʱȻǳŪңϾҲǿҴСģһ
ȽϹĵġѧϰ棬ܸоӰ졣 
    ҵͷӦ͡ 
    ذ˵֮Ҫһϰһչ
ǵѧҵһ˲ٳңǹ۵ġ 
    šΪȻͷǡ 
    Ǽھȱһˣֵѹ 
    šţֵ˵ͷȻоЩԾͣ¿ӣ̧ͷ
 
    ذ̼˵˸˸һ档~ 
ˣ 
    Ȼˣ 
    Ҳ֪ذΪʲôͻȻ˵Щ¶˲ңĿתĶ
ذҲң˵ȥȰȰ裬ôԽˣҪһ
ϵҲһӾôŰɡ 
    ǼԵġһڻؾתһ룬ذ̲ʹ˰
֣ҪǱԼ̬ȣݾߡ 
    šһȥȰȰ裬һȷʵͦ۵ġ 
    ذô˵ԵЩ⣬ϱЩɻ󲻽⡣Ҹ˵Щʲ
ô佫߷ǰڷŵһС˵ϣС˵ϻһ֦õ塣
оЩƣûʲô 
    ذ˳ҵߵͷһۣʶڿʲô֮ϾȻ
ЩΣֽõԱߵϡ 
    ҺȻӦ˹Ѳذ̸ղǸ˵ĽͷţѲ
ǵһμ棿Ѳףǡൽһ룬з
˵ģ 
    ɺȤذ̡ 
    ذ̱ƵĻڣһۣ㿴Ҹʲô
ѽѽ 
    ƽʱƶˣҲû룬ѿڶɫɲ͡ 
    ذһ漴Ӧٿӣ϶˹
СӣҵЦҲҿˣ 
    һҾʶЦˣذ̧ʱұܵܣ
ҵĶ߷˹ȥĹ˿ϡ 
    ҺÿҲҲˣһƵĻͷæǸԱ
һ˫Ȼذ̺ɵЦ

ĸϹ 3.12
Ա¿ӣЦĵݸذ̡ذ̽ӹӣһۣտ䣬ֿʼƶǲ

εЦҾԾһա˵ˣⲻҲڿ

ذ̲мһõһСƨѽ

Ҳҽӻֻܵͷ˻ذƺûʲôˣ˼ڣ¿Ӷ˵ѾˣҪԣ԰ɡ˵꣬׼뿪ֽС˵ȴõϡ

Ҳ֪ôģҹ˾䣺õ壬ˡ

ذŤͷһۣ˵˾䣺͸ˡ

վֽõڱǰһڣ޵õ塣

ذ̶ݺݵصңؽҧ֪ΪʲôҾ뿴⸱ӡ

ذߺҶһ˻ȻǱʣµķ֣˵þûгԵôʹˣо񫣬ԷѵһëǡصʱѾ쵽ʮˣڿɳϣҽҲû˵ģϴֳԷ

һ㶣ŤͷһۣĿûжӣʵ裬ûԷ

һʢһޱ˵˾䣺ء

ﲻɵһжȻһôû뵽绰ԼѾ˷ˣ

Ҳ˵ˣϾһؼҳԷҲܹ⸱ػȴǳҲ

ĬĻص·ϴ˰Ȼصԣ˵ˣˣ˵쳤һڣ̾~Ȼ̻࣬ʵĳ

ұѾԵĺܳˣθûٿλˣôװܶӣҲ¶ٶˡǿ֮ʱȻյǰһ£üͷ΢΢һ壬ɵʵʲôζ

㶣һ£ȻǻζֲܳϣװһãȻӣţûʲôζѽ

һ£˵ԣζܴǻζԷˣ

̣ȥҲûʲôˣɴͷϣš·ذһڳԷҾ͸ųһ㡣

һ̾ϢûʵԷôҲҴкҵôʱ䡣

ҲǺڲѣΪҵһˣƾһȳԷˡѹû뵽һһԷ

ҡԲ𡣡ҵͷĵǸȻ˵һûԱķˣҲûĺóԡ˵գֿʼ̻ʵĳ

ˣǿˣٳԾͳˡ

ҸоѾŵòˣҪˣͣ迪ʼͷԳѾЩˣ˿⣬裬ɵذ̵Ƿ

ĬΣСʵ裬᲻Լرѽ

Ҳҵˣˡƽϱû˿仯

ԥһ£Ҽʵţôӣرĵùѽ

̧ͷһۣûҡҲ֪ǲԼûбæ˾䣺ԸɢûϽģҲТ˳һҲ˼ҵĺӡ᲻Ҹеʧ

ɫƽң˵Сûɱ˼ҵĺӡ

ҵͷε˵ǣʱܸоҶԲеʱңҶԼ䲻衣

һ̾ϢĳĶ˵Сͱһ̥ʮ£ġܹĳˣ֮⣬ûκҪ󡣡

ǣҵѧϰɼĺܺ¸߿ٿˣû취

СǲǾΪԼӣһֱѧϰǲǾţѧϰΪѧģ

ҲǡҪúѧϰǣѹĺܴ֪ΪҺãҾǡü֪ôָо

Ƭ̣ͻȻߣҲ֪Ҫʲôһʱλϡһ˫һ˻ڲϣСĴ򿪺ӣóһſ˵ݾ㻹ǵСѧ꼶ʱѧһο֣˷ܵľžҫ˵ѧĺ˼رϲѧ

ſԼ֣ԼúɫԲдµһٷ֣иеһȣȷʵСѧ꼶ʱѧ边Ȼһֱõı浽ڡ

ִӺóһֱ֧ʣ˵Сѧ꼶ʱμİ˵ڶƷһֱ֧ʺһıʼǱ㽫ֱ͸֣ѱʼǱңȫҶرˣţ˵㽫Ϊһѧңȫء

˵ţóһʼǱǵļƷ˵СⱲյõֱҶ᲻дһ֡

űʼǱɸɾģûһôˣµһǶôϧǶôá

ж֮࣬СѧʱƴѧϰѧǶӣСϷѧΪȤͬѧżǵӰǣҵżǻ޸ϲѧҴȤɲ֪ʲôʱȤҽˡֱΪ˵ĹС˵ϲ˿ţҲֻΪȤѡ

ҵͷ˵СԸоóСʱܹѧϰеõֺеġҪףѧϰ֪ʶֻΪӦԣΪܹһӹ磬˼ϸӵɡ

ҵͷĬĬš

ͣһ˵ȻˣЩǴҲԲϲѧϰѧϰΪ˽ܹпڷԣҲѧҵǲпģʤ̭ҪõȥҪȱ˸ӵ㡣

סͷ

ңٴһ̾С֪ΪԵʣѹܴ費ǲ㣬ҽҲ˵ˣⲡԭɵģҪѲκãõİ취Ǽõİ취ȫԸ߿תעʱƣĲͻ᲻ζˡ

š֪ˡ

Һûм˵¡ǰЩӣΪεԭԶЩݣڣǸֻˡһһһЩõĻ룬ֻһ˵ķǷ֮ѣҺվǲܵġ

ãʵϾˣҪʲô

Ҫǲܸҵġ

ֻҳһ

ңʵô򵥣

ô򵥡

쿪ʼҾĽ飬ʱϵļȫͶ뵽ѧϰ֮Сһٶ˺裬ҲΪҸеʧˡ⣬ҲҵĹȥδˡ

ŬҪһĿеԭͬʱϣСʱһѧϰҵ֡ұϾѾǸаˣֹظˢ⣬оۡҲԼѧϰŬǺܿĵ飬ֻ͵סݼįܽɹĹʵݹʵֻ˵ġ

׵ĵҲһһˡѧҸ߳Уţͼŵվڽֶ棬ЦÿҡһУбӣӦҲǸոշѧ

ԥһ£˹ȥԶԶĳһ˻֣Ľ硣ߵǰϸһɫ۾䣬ǹ΢ЦǰЩڲϵǸСֱˡ

Ĳˣʵ

ŵ˵ͷЦ˵иĸѾˡ

ʧЦʲôϵ

һңҵĲͺѽ

Ҿҽĸֲҽ

ŵЦ˵ҽֻϵļȴβҵĲ

Ƴһۣ˵Ӧȥҽ˵꣬תߡȻҶЩͬ飬ѾԭҿԽ

ŵС¹߱һŲ׷ҵ˵磬ϾҪˣʲôƻ𣿡

ҽ²ͣ˾䣺ʲôǵգգҹҵա

ղͬһ𣿡

ô

ŵ׷ҵ˵ǿһѽ

ҿЦˣȥ͹̼ģҪٸʲô۶ҹƾҪõըˡ

ŵҵһ󣬺Ȼ˵ϰֵ˼

ͣͷŵ֪ڵĽͣ˵ϰһա

һ£ϰֵ⣬϶ǽҺͰŵͬһյĻᣬ˴һ𣬻ͱ˴˵Ĺϵ

ϰΪʲô˵أ

ŵЦ˵ϰ֪Ը˵ĻһܾģԾˡϰ˵Ŀǡ

ҿЦȫҵĿǡ

ͬ𣿡

ͬ⡣

ŵ΢΢һЦû˵һۣתǰߣǣȻû׷⵹Щ⡣

Ҳûн裬֪Ҳͬ⡣֪ڶҾȻӵϰֵĵ绰˵Ļŵͬ˵һģһҪһҸеЩ⣬ɰŵûаɣԳ

ԥһ£һǾܾˡҵֻ֮ԽԽԾϸһĥ͵طӦ˹ԭСħŮȦˡ֪ϰֵ뷨һͬ⣬ңһΪӡ󣬹¸ˡ

˵϶Ǻϰֺ˼棬˹ϵǾвĵλˡ~СѾͷǷʤѽУһҪ취һسӲСһӶǣű߰ɡ

¶һûи˵Ҳ֪ǲΪŵԭҲҵͬôһСС˼



ÿѧУͼ֮䣬ر˳Է˯ϲʣˢˡһգ۹͵ҵգҵ˷ܣЩ塣

軹ǵǵԼı򸨵ʦ˼١ѧʱѵУ⣬ںڳԺ󣬱ϼźɫ󡾵ɫװȹϴųɫ˿࣬һ˫ɫƤ߸ЬӦǹ˾°֮ҵġ

һ˫ֱǰڳͷԣûκα飬ɢžǧ֮ʵ̫ҫˣֻһվ˻ͷ

˹ȥ˸кʲôҲû˵ʾϳȻңȻص˼һ·

ʱһɫȹ޳ϴһԲԭӨѩļеøӰϸ塣ټϵˮζԵüȶׯָ߹󣬼ȳԸС

Ҵ㶣ߴٵϿ컻·ȥѽ

ҴӦһصﶼ߹ӰҲסظԼҪзǷ֮ˣҵ裬Ӻǲܵġ

Ѿǰ˲ĸţСֶ̨ࡣǴλǰһѧʿӣæӳ˳

ΪѾ⣬˽죬ҾҪ׵Ķ룬ٳȥˡʱһʱ֪˵Щʲôˡ

ϲ֮ȴ˳Ĭʵѧϰô

ͦõġ

ͣһ£ʣûʲô벻ͨİɣ

ҵͷС˵裬ҶˣΪҲˡ

ܰıϾޣ·ҪԼߵġ

ҶסҵͷòͣƬ̧̺ͷ˵裬мһ¡

̧ͷңʲô¶

侲ϸ룬ſ廪¶е̫ˡ

ΪûϢû뵽̾һͷԣмʱĻ廪ҲпܵġȻ󲻵˵ʵڵĿ

ϸĥһ£ȥĳɼŬһ꣬ʡӦûǿԵġ

ĵ˵ͷ˵ֻҪĿˡ

ҾһЩԭǰЩҲ࣬żԸҿЦˡ磬һؼңҪȥӰ

ӰԺҺҪĲӰұ㿴һƬҪʿᶯƬЦʵţһȥƬЩЦ𣿡

һۣں˵СʱҲǾ㿴ƬѽʲôЦģ

ǱϾСʱѽٴҿƬӳﶼǼҳСѣôһӽȥ˻Ϊ̱ء

Ҹһ𿴰ƬŹء£ĶĸȥƬģ

Ҳǣִ£˳ŶƬĵӰƱȡƱʱײ˰ŵҲһ漴ʵң

ŵԵЩƣʵҸʲô

һ㶣Ӧͷ鿴һʵϰִģ

ŵһȡƱһ˵ǰôˣȻЦ磬ҲӰ𣿺ѽ

Ǻɡ䣬ҾͿϰֺ̣˵ˣҪǸײϣǾˡ

һ𣿡

ں˼룬ŵʻһʱûӦ˵˾䣺ǣһġ

ãһѽ㿴һ˵ţŵҪĵӰƱҸæ˿ڴƳһۣԼԼľˡ

Ӱһʱ䣬Ϊ˷ֹϣӲקȥ̳תһȦʱˣŷ˻ɲɣǽ֮ķ֣ϰֺͰŵĸǵǰ档

龳¼棬ȷʵЩΣۿһڣڡķӦƽϰεĴ˸кҲɫ糣ĻһǶδһ

ӰʼҲĹۿһֱ͵͵裬ֻɫ糣۾ĿŵӰӫĻǱȫסˣԾܴϸ΢б仯

˿һձ˵裬Ҫˣ߰ɡ

ŤͷһۣʵΪʲôߣ

оûʲô˼̫ÿѹûйעӰ飬Ҳ֪׺òÿ

Ҿͦÿġһƣ˵Ӱ

ɵҲܿóǿӲ֣ڸϰֶһҲ֪ΪΣԽԽǸоɬҵԸһ֮

ûߣӰݵһʱϰֵվ˳ȥϲȥˣֱӰҲûл

ɢ󣬰ŵͷһۣʲôҲû˵ߡλϣԵƬֱ̣Ļϣ뿪

ҺٵӰԺϰǣ鲢ûзȥ·ϣһ仰Ҳû˵ĬĬĳǰţ߸Ьڵϣġա

Ҳ֪ʱʲô飬һܺãϾű˷޶ؼԲԼȴεӰֻͥ飬ôǿҲƽѽ

ҸҪ˵Щʲôοһ£Щԥһ£ֻܹҶӰͦõġ

š

ĻӦ䲻ȵģҲ֪ô˵ȥˡǡʱ·԰㳡źǰİһ꣬һȺ˫Ž衣

ҺȻͣʵҪҪ֧裿

һŤͷңһˣ

Ц˵~Ǿܰһ𣿡

ˡ

תߣһקסӲϽ˹㳡ʵֲңҽַĺ󱳣ǣһأȺڣֽ࣬衣

һ޵н˽͵͵

šʵϣЦ˵Ϊڹؼʱ̸赱顣

ߵһ⼼һ롣˵ڣϵı΢΢һЩ仯

۾ϵˮζЩԡϣûκα飬ˮȴβסƣ롣

ذ˵ӦһˣϾϰֶѾٻˡǣҵȴȫܽ鷢

ôΪʲôܳΪأֻΪĶ

Ұ첻˵ʵʲô

룬һˣӦʲôģ

ȤĬ֪ʶԨ죬أе

ҳ𣿡

ɳʷ޿Σѡ޿ΡСѾһ׳ˣȴһк

ôܱĳ죿

ѧԼȷĿꣻԳʹ࣬ѧܹͣΧ˰ȫеʱһˡ

ţһΪһ𣿡

û˿ԥ۾ң˵һΪһ˵ģ㲻ûԼ

ϰأ

Ƭ̣˵ҲǸˡ

ϰһҲȤĬ

ǰȲȤҲĬеŰ塣Ҿϲ

Ϊܴȫ𣿡

ûлش𣬵Ҵ۾õȷĴ𰸡ʱ任ӿ졣§裬̽ꡣ

裬ǲǾ̫ǻ컬ˣ

ʱеƶ졣

𣿡

ԣ΢΢һЦһ˫ˮעңССĿĹû㡣

ȴ˺㡣

ңĬƬ̣˵ҵĺӡ

ҵһӿ̲סЩ˳˼Ϊĺӣκ飬˺ԭҵġһǿŲĵ˵裬ԺҲ˺ˡ

ЦˣЦú˵˾䣺Сףտ֡

˵Ը𣿡

˵Ͳˡ

š

ĬĬԸϣԶҸ



ҹڴϣȥôҲ˯žŴС󣬺ĵεΣһҵΪ˽ϣǷԻ

ţҸоЩ򼱣ߣķ֣ĵƾȻš˹ȥ˫ֳϴ̨ԣͷ£ȫס

·ᣬûûע⵽ҡһһŤͷֻ˫ͨ죬ϹۣȻѾжױƤɰۣԵʮ㲡

æˮϴ˰ָ糣ʵôˣô˯

ϲ裬ôˣ

ûʲô˸جΣˣϴ轫֮󣬶Ͻ˯ѧûˡ

֮վϴ̨ǰĬĬղŵݣĳҵģǰټǿվǸŮˣҲһ顣

žеԼҴûԼһֱҶԼģһֱӱܣȴֿƲסԼһδε˺衣

СҪĵʲôĿ굽ʲô

һ̣ƺҵ˴𰸡ҲҪҾҪⱲӡҪ˫˫ɣҪһİңذ˵Ķԣ費һӶţҪиչˡˣң

Ϊ뷨Ҳû˯⣬ڴϷȥ˼ţβҡ

Һ֮ϰĸӹϵ˵κ˶ԺΪ£Ψҳ⡣

ͬʱƣҲĸӹϵôֵ£ԭҵġǶҩԼ飬ǿ飬Ҳֻʧ֮⣬Ҳôġɻ˺衣

߹׷ˣһ٣ϰҲĲôءʲôûмҶ˽⣬ʲô꺮ůͻּװůеΪǸ޷ģһ˿ġϾװϷʮǰϰ־ѾˣˡҪôɣһ䣬úӣ涮¡֮⣬ҲὫҵһ˿ġ

ҪģҪȰǲұǴ顣Ű˵Ů·ͨڵ轫ҵԿҰңֱǳ˵Ρ

Ҫģпܵİ취ǺٴηϵҪѵ״̬ɵġ¶Ȼ죬ҲǲܵġϾҺΪϴε⣬ѾʵϵŮϵһӣôҲ޷ǵġ

赱һBOSSĻѪߣ滹һӲǱţǧ֮⡣湥϶ǲеģֻ޾£һһĥѪڱǳѷ֮ʱ룬һٹˡ

ϤΪ½ôµġ

ʲôӵݣ߿Լҵ

ҵĲٸһЩϵԿ϶ԴЩΣҲøƵķβҵ³çͲ֮˹

Ѿˣʱ͵ϮֱϼˡҪľҪɾ裬ҪĿ꣬ҪΪѾȫϣ־룬õİ취

˼ȥһҹδ˯ڶϾȻҲ˷ܵúܡһָж϶յĳܣϾһûõû취ҸġҵþָС

³緹𴲣һò͡Ҳûô˯Щƣ룬еĺȦ

˼֮ҶҪѧУԵĳСݡ

ĸϹ4.1 ߣӰ
˵Լ뷨ǣһ˾䣺˵ʲô

ظһ飺ѧУԱߵĳ

üɻĿңôͻȻҪȥסˣ

ϸ룬ǱͦõģѧУʡʱ䡣˵ˣˣŲסЩ˷ѡ

ֻΪ軹ǲ̫š

Ϊӽ쿪ʼҾҪȫĵͶ뵽߿ˣûôʱ˷ˣʡһһ롣

ͷ˼Ƭ̣˵Ҫô룬Ҳͦõġ

ҸæǣҲôġ

šʲôʱȥ

ϷѧͲˣֱӹȥɡ

ô죿һ㶡

ţ𣿡

æСϹȥɡ

緹ʰ׼ѧٳǰ躰һС

ţʲô𣿡

һ£ɵ㡭ое㲻һˡ

ﲻһ

ǰЩӿࡣ

ҵĿɡ

ʲôĿꣿ

úѧϰϡۣ趢ңϱЩɻ󣬲ɵʵôˣ𣿡

ͦõġ˵ͷȻǱ߳ԷҪǲĻ

ΪһԷԴǵľܾ֪˵ͽɡһ˷ʱ䣬ͦġ

ЩʧǵͷӦţ֪ˡһڼңҲҪעһ°ȫҪİ˿ѽ

һۣ˵ˣƶˡϽѧȥɡ

֮ĳ֪ΪΣáԭ緽ͬ˵ȷĿꡣã壬ѹ޷õͷźͽѡ

ǱʶһֱԼҪõģⱲӶǲʵֵġһֱҶܾųʼղݸ飬һֱӱܡͨˣ̶ܹô࣬ûʲôǲܵġ

ˣѹȻҲͺˣϿʱҲܹоˡȻϵòûκãڵҪĿҪѧϰɼȥֻ֤Ѿȫѳˣʹ½䱸лɳˡ

ȻѾ¶˾ģȷĿ꣬ǻû̫ȷļƻʵͻ϶ǲеģֻػ͵ϮЩϣҪ͵ϮɹҪȸ

ʣҾ㡣

Ŀǰ˵ģһҺĹϵڶҵļôƣأ

ϸ¿֮һص˾ΥĳⷿδأģЩǸŵ̼ҵ׾ɷЩ񡣿裬ǳԲҵоģܾ˵ʲôǲ֪˿һ˴ڼ᲻Ҳͬĸо

УڲǶƸеʱˡʱ䱦󣬱ҪȫԸͶ뵽ѧϰȥ

ſǰһֱϰ賿ڶ·ȥܡû뵽ܳСſûԶͿһϤıӰӫ̵˶ףɫ˶㣬Բη飬ܶŤԺβһ˦һ˦ġ

ǰܲʱʦǰЩͣһʱ䣬ʦ裬ռ֡Ȼлرʦȷʵȼǰ˲١

׷ԣкʦרעһŤͷһңЩ⣬Цʵóʱûˡôˣ

һһ˵ǰʱ£һֱûܡϰˣջָܣһžˣԵѽ

ʦ֪ʲôУϰˡЦʵôͻȻˣ賳ˣֱϳˣ

Ϊǰܲʱż죬ҵļͥЩ˽⡣εİԣҿûҸ˵

ûСԼҪ˵ġϾѧУһЩѧ㣬ܽʡʱ䡣

ʦЦ~治򵥣е߿Ӧеˣ֪ʱ䱦ˡ

ǿأǷأ

Ȼǿġ

һܣһ߲۴ʦǰ׾ϸ۵ӣǰ˲١ԤһĻرã㣬Ƥ𪣬ȻˣȻʧУЩӤʡ

֪ΪʲôܸоЩӰӣԽԽÿˡ

Цʵʦ⼸£ʮɣ

ʦǿЦ⣬Ծڿģ˵ճƵģһ22

~ܲôࣿ

ܲôУÿʳ

̲ס˵˾䣺ȻÿӶǱɡ

ʦһŤͷңʲô˼ǿأǷأ

ҵȻڿءǰû뵽Ǹѽ~رߣ׷ʦˡ֪Ҷ˵ʲô

ʦ֪ˣƶ죬̲סʵ˵ʲô

˵ĸǸǣǸԣ֮գе񡣡

ʦбңྯСעִ磬ʦЦ

˵ģûЦϴβ˵ƯʺԭⲻĻ

ʦңͷбһԣһ˲䣬һƼ¶Ц⡣ԽԽЩˡ

ûһʵˣʦӦøɣǲǸһѽеŮģĶѧѽôûѽ

ôһʣʦԭЦݣ˲䰵һ仰Ҳû˵ǰһ֮ͣ˵ʦܲˣԼ߰ɡ

ϱ飬֪˲ʵ⣬Ҳٶԣкܿˡһ·ϣĥţʦһҵʻϾͲԾˣ϶ʲôʣӦǸйصġ

ڽѧ¥ӭʦƽʱûʲôҴкҲЦûӦһʲô鶼ûһ

ǿҪĿոһյͷеľйѧϰ档ڼε绰ҲϢȴûйҡҲ뷨Ҳ̽´ݾߡ

ò̵ԻؼסһҲżڼңʱͼվڿӻǰϷ

֪Ұȥ飬һæʵôְȥˣ

Ҳûˣ̲סЦӰѧϰϽȥ¡

˸Ϸ

ϤеıӰӿһ˿ů⣬к裬һˡ

ͷһۣᡮšһϱҲƲʲô仯æʵҪҰæ𣿡

ˣЪŰɡ

Ҳ¸ӡĵ˳ȥڿϷͷһۣ˵鲻ѽʲô¶𣿡

ô֪鲻

мһЦʶʮˣ˵ͨе飬һܹоõġ˶٣˵Դ۰֮󣬸оһֱġое㲻һˡ

ɳʵĶһˣ

šͣͷ˼Ƭ̣˵͸оǰǸ񾭲ֻˡ

ûûСҽţСˡ

ͷбһۣЦϣʼװˡ

ҹ˵Ҹ㽲ӽ쿪ʼҾǸˡ

ʱǡôӳôһ䣬ʵ˭ˣ

ָָҡ

ңˣæͣûûûһôһܳ졣šҿ˴ѧһˡ

һŻ״Ҫ㿼ѧ𣿡

üֿʼˣôһͰ졣˵ǹϵˡˡϽʰʰԷ

Һͱһۣ޲踺ʢݵǰ￴һֿۣ˿Լǰ࣬ٿüͷһ壬ƺܲ⡣

ע⵽ı仯ʵôˣ

裬ƫġ

һͷˮɻôƫˣ

ָҵ˵ʢıҶࡣ

һã߷ֱ˿üʵĶˣô

Լҵ벢ŷһȻѹӣ۾ϸԱȣȷ˵ǱҶһЩ

ֺֺЦѽôϸʲôѽһ쵽ĽƽϡãԷ

ֹ˻ȥвʵĵһۡ

һתңһ˳ԵĻò

ҵ˵ͷ˵ͦõģʱ¥Ե㣬иʵڲʳջһ£ҲС

ʵѧϰأѧϰô

Ҳͦõġȥ׷廪Ҳûôѹˡ

ĵ˵ͷ˵ˡҿ̲ס˵裬Ҿƫġ

̧ۿôƫˣ

˵ôңôҳԵĺòãѧϰô

һʱҸæΧ˵ô󣬻ܶѽ

š边ȻӦŵ˵ͷ

һ㶣Ȼˣµô۸ˣ

ѿһţ˵˭۸ˣ㣬ѧϰԵô

ԥһ£ͷ˵аɡ

УĿԲһ¸ٻʳѣСΪҲ֪

æͷ£ҳ

ʵѧϰô

ҲаɡͷŤ˵š

費ģ׷ʣĩԴѽ

رײӦˡ

һЦãû¶£ǵðɡʵ˰ɣ

Ťͷң⣺ҲһƤЦϾҪĩˣѽ

յˣͷֻҡԥһ£˵ȡ꼶ǰʮɡ



һ򸨵ʦһļ٣ѧûлؼңϣŰŵʱһ㶣־ϲ漴һЦ磬ôѽ

ڵѽ

ŵ˫ֲСԴᵽһԣ˰죬ֹйŹ֡

ҺߵһйŹ־Ͷˡ

ŵЦʵܲİɣ

һسӵġ

ţʲôӣŵЩɻĿҡ

ֱ˵˵ôΣôҲһΰɣ

ŵһ㶣ҧҧ´һת漴Цʵôң

ѧӣճɻΣڿߣһ¡

ŵգ۾ʵ㡭ǿЦɣ

Цŷʵôˣ㲻û¶һˣ

µǲ£ǡŵɻ϶벻ͨΪʲôͻȻ¡ԥһ£¶־Ե΢Ц˵ðɡȥǱߣǱߣ

ȥɡұ˸ƣͷǰ·ݷȥ

·ϰŵ˸绰˵ȥͬѧһ£̻עⰲȫЩʮӺ󣬻صҵĳֽɳһӣת˵ˣԱɡ

ŵȥ˸˦ʪС˳ҿʵ˵ؼסˣôֻˣ

˭˵ģ

ŵûлػ˵Ҳ֪СԺʲô¶زס¾ͱ׵ĸɸɾˡ

һƨɳϣ˫ȳ𵶵Ŀɳϣ˵ʼɡ

ŵٺһЦȳԵ㶫е

ò˶೤ʱ䣬Ūٳԡ

ԷûŵЦĿңһĶ̧ЦðɡҳϣҾһٷԡ

߽ȥţóͰ棬ڲ輸ϡŵ۾һգһգ˺һü˵ͳѽ

ôҪҰæ𣿡

аɡɡŵĴ棬ȥˮЩˮȴ⼸ŵڵϣſڲ輸ϣһ˫۾ֱĶңһ̲סʵ磬ҿһ𣿡

ԡ

ŵľܾ˿⣬Ц˵һɡ

ʡ

šðɡǿʼɡ

˺ĶԻŵƿͰ

̵ӣЩɻ⸱ֹ۵ӣģװģ

ŵ̧ͷң˵ٲԵĻˡ

ڵƿͰһ߳һĴԽСħŮ׽͸ˡ

棬ٶɳϣޱĿʵ¿˰ɣ

ŵҵǰ˫߬סͬڿһİ¶ſſСܵܡŵɴ۾żһϸɰָһ£Ȼ̧ͷңһɻ󣬺ѯʣΪʲô

ŮȻϸỬҲ֪ôģ֪Ҫʲôһڴͳ嶯ĸоûУҲ㷴Ӧ

ŵѩС֣סſſļͣһ£ûзӦŮµЩãһ߬סͣһסңʹ࣬ɼʼģ

ŵε̧ͷң΢΢Щޡһʵô

ϴһα񣬲ԭΪвȴ֪ҵһθо¶Щ棬Ķķʵأô£

ŵ۾һԥƬ̣ҵļͣʼߣһۣһ󶯣ɷ˰ľҲֻŪ˸΢΢Ѫ

ӦѽŵԵЩ٣С

ԽĹĵСģԽź棬˰ɣ

ŵͣͷֹôʹأ

˰ɣ

š

ҺȻʵмһֱܺ棬һǸ˭ѧѽ

ʲô£ŵ̧ͷңһʱûзӦ

ҽ־ٵգ˸ߣơ

ŵЦЦ𣿡

˵⣬ȷʵ˵ģֲԸϡҺߵһ˵ôһ档

ŵЦЦѧģ𣿡

ҿûлӦŵʵôţ

ǲţҾƣû£ѧʲôѽ

ԸѽŵЦĺΡ

ô󾢣Ϊ˶Ըң

ŵԴһᣬ۾һתЦ˵գ·

֪ǹ˵˵ģʧЦգȥʲôѽѲҪԮͷѽ

ܰԵġ

˵꣬СħŮͷȥ˼ͣŹͷһ£ȻſС죬ͷ˽ȥСס͸Ź״Ūв䡣Ӳɵһ˵оһ£ǰ벪״̬

ŵֺæһӣε˳ӣίͰ͵˵ˡǲǹѽ

ǿЦ⣺ܹѽ

ôûӦѽ

ǹļ˰ɡ

ŵĹĵվЬӣ¶ɫСţɳϣ˵Ҳţ

ԸԾ԰ɣһָййء~װһ޿κεı顣

ŵŰɫĿɰСѾҵļϣ꣬Ĳ̤ԭҺܳһ׵ģ֪ΪʲôҲûʲôоˡ

һŵɳϣֻɫСźһ𣬽ͼм䣬´ŪߣҵͷŮĿɰѾ̲סַ棬࣬꣬ϸϸƷζŮѾ뵯

˽ʮӣŵˣſɳϣСֱҲҽСƨһ£Цܸ˰ɣ

š

˺ð죬ŵίͰ͵Ŀңʵò˰ɣ

һ飬򶨣Ц˵㲻оǲСҲǡѾȫûиоˡ

˭ио

üͷ˵ҸʲôҪио

ǻ˭ܲɣ

㡭ҹĵﻹЩŵģѾͷ۶࣬ƳˣǿɾĲˡԺǧҪСһЩС

ҿЦģŵЦŰ˰֣Ǹ

ˣԻȥˣһҪϰءһ·ϡ

ŵȻΪѽ

ҵ⣬ҲͣЬ˳ȥŵſڣŤŤĲԸߣʲô𣿡

ŵͷΣʵ磬һиоãǲǣֻΪҰǼҲɢˣңû취ϲңԲԣ

ˡãͬĸãҲܶиоġ

ŵͷֻСʶŪűСֹţҽʲôΪҪ֤ѾûоƭԼ

ȫˣҲͦõģ⡣ûнʲôߵһô롣

ŵߺҽϣվشŷǷԻоЩãҶ԰ŵʲôоҲ˵

óڵӺмֹֻͣȻ󷭿һ¸ղ¼µƵŵ飬һĿȻ



ʱͷŬĩǡý뵽꼶ǰʮ֮СƳɼклѧǼӷӢǼ

Ϊˣʦ⽫ҽн˰칫ڣĳĶ˵Ӣɼôģôϴλأ

صӢϣվɷһЩˮҲ࣬ԱεǰӢֲر㣬ִյǡôԼоЩˡ

Ҳ֪ӢȽѰɡҼװͿ

˵ʦƳһۣӢﻹѧѧܿȫһӢôǰʮȥѽʦЦҵġ

ô˵Ӣ￼ôãѧһͿܲ˵ѧʦ̵Ĳðɣ

ʦЦҡͷô˵ôСʦ˵ʵǲΪҽ̵Ĳãѧȥѽ

~æ֣ʦһϵҲûУҸԭӢԵʦûҪҪԹ˭ҲԹǸʦС

~ӡʦס̾ҡͷ

ҳû˵ҪʱˣܰҸһ𣿡

ϰʦüͷЩԥ

ҪûʱˣҲôһ˵ҾǼǵϴЧرáҾ롭Ҫǿ

ʦԥΣ˵ǻͷҿɣʱĻ԰һ¿⸨סĵطҲȽϽ

żٻؼң֪ҵĩɼϲã佱Ҿ˵ˣŬһ»漴ְ˵꼶ǰʮȻﵽԤĿ꣬ҲܹɼҲǰһӡкܴĽռ䡣

ţ֪ҹɵصͷ

һ֮跢˲Ծüͷһ壬ʵӢɼô£

װһ֪ν͵ӡ

רŸ㱨Ӣ︨ô£ÿûкúõȥϿΣ

ȥÿ춼ȥ

Ӣɼôֵ˻ˣĿĳɼΨӢɼô

üͷΪѵ˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôҲͦżġ˵ˣʦ˵ˡ

ʦǸӢʦ

šҵ˵ͷȻװһĵӣ˵ʦͦεġҲסǸС𣿾˵ʱˣ԰һ¿⸨

һ˵Ҫ⸨

š

ϣ

š

üͷ΢΢һβƺʲôҳû˵һأоûʲôãɼԽԽˡҾ룬ɴˣһԼϰʦˡ

Ƭ̣ʵоʦĽѧˮƽôѽ

ͦõѽѧϸġҲ֪ΪʲôܾеǼʳɹ֮󡣡

ʳɹһЩ⡣

˷ܵ˵ǰʦ˶ʮǰû֣ʦĻͦƯģǸ۵ǣ֮е񡣡

бۿңĬ֪ЩʲôЦǺǵĲ˾䣺಻ʿ϶ûãͦġ

䲻˵˾䣺ѧʲôϵһǺʦ𣿡

Ҳû˵ʲôѽҾ;ţʦᣬƢãġ


㡭ˡϣˡ

ĸϹ4.2 ߣӰ
ϣˡ

̬ȿܼЩϣ̲סʵΪʲôѽƺҲѿڶûɣð˵˼ұϾְĽʦżһ¿⸨ûʲô鷳˼ңҪѧ֪ˣ𣿡

šҼװף˵ͷΪȻظ͵ѽϾʦƯˣҲˡҪ֪ʦ϶ἵʵҪ

üͷһ壬ӵ˵Ĳ

Ϊԭ𣿡ҹãȻؿ衣

ңѵٸװ⣡

æ졣һֻЦ˰~ǻ~Ƴһۣϴȥû¡

뻹죬ȴ˵ˣˣһͳܣҲӷûš̶תң˵СʵʵڸϿΰɣٽ֦ˡ

šСġҹɵĵ˵ͷ

סһص︴ϰûһŽһƨҵĴϡһͷһۣ˵ûûصģҲš

ѵЬ˫ֱĿŴͷϣɸ߹ˣݻˡ

ôֵĽ䣬¿ʲôÿĶ

ʲôû̲סЦܲƨڷɣ

ҵͷ⣬ϲ~УԺҲš

ң

ôѹ·谡

ڷСأ

һͷһۣ㵽ʲôģרҳģ

ôаþûˣ䣬Ҹо

ǰ첻Ǹռһ˵ôʱ䣬ҲҰ̧ˣΪءãܺӵС

˵ǰʱ޾ɵģ˭Ƿ˰ٿǮƵģ㳳Ҳû˼

ҺȻʲôͷ˵ˣ񻹽һٿǮûذɣ

һ漴СԴһᣬ۾һգ˺ࡣһֽţӵϣ˵װ˯תأ

͵۾ֻŭСèȵ˵ôôôͽһٿǮǵڣ㻹ǲҸˣһǲСɰˣ

֪һٿǮǻҶˣڷܵУСɰǿɰ࣬˰ɣ

Ц⻹ࡣ

̲סʵ˵㵽ʲôģѧϰȣʱţûոϹְҪû¸Ͻȥɡ

˹ʵǸʦô£

һ㶣ܵĻͷȥ׾СҵǰŮԡ¶ζ˱Ƕҷʵʦʲô£

ܸо϶й¡һֱǰǸʦһرš˵˵£ʲô¶

ȷֻǺ棬̲סҪ˵Ȼ㶼ѾоˣҲˡʵʵ˵ɣʵ㲻ϰŮ

һ۾ôģȫûзӦ

Ҽ˵ʵʱҽԺˣʦĸס

棬˺þãǴƳЦ⣬͵طӦ֪ˣһƨڴϣ̧ȣ۵СѾֱҵϡ

ŮڱϣҡϡһЩϵСҳȥ

Ʋ´ţȥͳȥʲô˲ġЬţĶӡ

ΪżٱȽԵڶҾͻسȥסˡϴӸѧʱļһϤӰƵ·£СħŮſɵ˶УбŰһɵģ

㵽϶ҵģҲ⣬˫ֲ嶵˹ȥʵҹĲؼңһվʲô

ѽŵգŴ۾̧ͷҡ

ôˣʲôܲİɣ

һسӵġ

⻰е죬̲סһЦѾͷǼǳ𡣷㵽ҲţֱӽؼٽʱҵʱܱѽҪǲɣҲﵢҵʱ䡣

ŵЦųұ˸OKơ

ݺֽ˹ϣһƨɳ˫ȳɳϣ˲Ŀŵɵվڿ룬գ۾ҡ

ֱģһ£ȴſʵԷû

רڵƵģŵЦͿˡȻҲ˵ԼȥͰȵˣڣһ£̧ͷңһ棬ʵҪ𣿡

ҿЦãʱѽˣҲô˵Եͦ㣬ͻȻеԸҹˣһԼȥһͰ

ŵһ£һȻ˵˾䣺~

ҵȻ֪˵ңҲ⣬ڣŪúܴŵԱ֮󣬽ͰǰһƣĶƤʾԼԱˡͷһۣʵÿ춼𣿡

ͷ棬ûŵһбЦ˵磬Ҫɡ

ҿ벻㡣

ҲҪǮͶ

ڨЦ~ѵĸ£˭֪ʲô⡣

㲻ɫ۾ҰɣĺƵġ

ˣ˶¹ͷġ

ŵҲ⣬Ц˵ɮˡ

Һߵһڵңɱɮжˡ

Ҳţŵٴ¶־СħŮ΢Цҿбġ

ϻ߯ࡣһЦ

ŵת˹ȥĬáҲ֪ڸʲô뿪ʻȻת˹ǵı־΢Цˣȡ֮ĴЦԼһգһգ峺

~ŵĺһ䣬ģֱһģһ

Ҳɵô˸£һ񺮣Ŀʵʲô

ŵյҵԣɫ΢죬Ť˵磬мҪæ

ŷӦԭ˵бָľѽҪװңܿϧҲһףǸƨɺ泤ãҸְܶаģ

šҲ

ŵҵϣһ˵磬ĺܣ˼

סЦһƿ

ŵ죬ת˫ֱ§Сȣһί˼ܵҪ㶼˼ң˼ҵ׻ǲСɰˣ

˵Ŀǡôʣֱ̫ˣЩɳƣԼˡ

ɲΪһ˵ˣװϷûõġ

ŰΣŵٶתҵϣߺ˵磬Ͱ˼ò

ò˵СħŮñ裬ڶӺ棬Сôһͷˡ

Ҹ׼ϴʾܾȻоЩ棬ԥһ£ת˵ѾˣװϷáҪҲС˵ɣĶܣ

ǣŵͷС˵ؿЩƣеۡ

۾бĬãޱ˵˾䣺ٰûˡ

~Ц~˼ĺ~ЩӲӲġŵƵŤӣץҵ֣ظϡ

Ȼ·ȻܸоŮɬʶץһ£ڷԵʣ鷿ʤ̣ͦһЩӲӲĸоŮ壬һζˡ

ҵ־ͷڰŵظϣңҿԣĬáһ£˵ҾͦѽеСǷ

ذŵ仰ҲɵһȻѧűӣɳϵĿԴһ£Ĺĵ˵ҲϸУкܴķռ䣡

ҽִؿÿЦ˵ˣǲеġҶԱһоҲûС˵꣬Ҽͷ档

š˵ţŵվߡ

æʵʲô

ŵûң֮ǰͷ˵˾䣺ҳ֮ǰѽ

һ£˵ƾʲôģԽô˵ҳԵľԽһһϸϸƷĽ

ûһ죬Ҳûͷȴ˸߸Ьûʮö

һ㶣ôи߸ЬûüӦһŭ⣺СԸôĥ䣬ҵĻԷ簡

ŵһ飬Щ򷭡˵Ŀʵ̫ˣۣôװҲóǰŵġ

ʶĨһͣŤͷȥֻŵɫOLװխȹϸϴųɫ˿࣬СѾһ˫ɫ߸Ьͷһ٣ϼһɫ󡾵˫ֱǰĿתĿҡ

ƫС͵ģOLƷ˿߸ЬȻͦģȴһС͵·ĸоɬдۣĳԸУԶˡ

Ȼ練бȽϴ󣬿ЩɢһϢͱ˵ĸо赹мơ

ŵʣղŶԱʲôˣ

Щ㱣ʶ˵ҡûʲôѽ

װ⣡ոַˣ

Żع˵ְ

ŵǰҵԴһƣСƤǰɣ˵֡

ұеɣ㶵Ŀ̧ңһ߬ס󣬴˵̫˰ʲôЦã迪Ц

ŵǵû̧֣Ҵҹֱһץסŵң˵Сˣһˣ

ҼϷףôȥѱƳʲôɴཫ˫ַſͷһ£˵ˣϷ˽ˡ

ŵ˫ĿԲһȻһƨɳϣңַǱʯһһðŷһ̾Ϣ

סˣŰŵãҲ֪ҪʲôҲ̾ϢԽԽ̲סˣͷʵˣʲô۶أ

ŵ̧ͷһ˵ңҡͷ˵ôң㻹Ҫϳţ

ǣϷ̫˰ɣ㻹Լ˰

С̫ʧˡ

ŵ͸ʧˣ̫ϤˣҽʱһģһĶŭ䲻

֪СħŮҪʲôȴûа취Ĳֱ,.ֱʱҲŸоЩˣɵĳ̾һ

ŵյҵԣ۾Ȱ˵С֪ѹ󣬿ɸ߿Ͼ͵ˣʱѾˡ

бۿȻǸ崿Ů֮УĿӰӡ˵ʱ飬ʵ̫ˣټǰģ±ѾͷһֱԲμӳģˡ

һ侲һޱĶ˵Զһ㡣

ŵǵûҵҪ󣬷ǰһЩ˵С飬оѧϰϡ֪ѹܴҪ㣬˵ɣܰѹҪתء

֮䣬ҶߣİοҡҪһسӣû뵽ֱһˣΪʲôջңѲɡѾʲôߣ

뵽˴ɵһ飬ҪǱСħŮ֪Һ飬ָֻʲôء

Ҳ֪ѾͷڸʲôԴȾ䣬Ϲ򶨣Цҡҡͷ˵泩úܣһѹûС

֪СħŮģȻֱӽַҵ˫֮䣬۵С֣ſɣҵļͣѯʵǲԭ½ˣû˰㷢йѹرǲǣ

ĻȻмƣǾԲ˵ֻġҲΪּȿŵķУͷ͵һؿһ֮С

磬һɫOLƷװ˿˿࣬ɫƤ߸ЬִЩӦ

æƿվ˵ŵ湻ûУô裬ҾͶ㲻ˣ

ŵϷüͷ壬еؿң˵С趼ΪáֻҪܹȫĵͶ뵽߿֮Уʲô趼ǿ԰ġ

~ҪϰȥˣϽ߰ɡ˵꣬תص׼ţ֪ΪΣԥƬ֮󣬾Ȼתߵǰ

֪ԼʲôɾڴУҸоرķ꣬ǰģԾҺģһҲ

ûһűƿÿҲ֪˭ˡò˵СħŮĺ±㽫ڵĻ˳ĺìܣҪйֲԸⱻǣűߣְצĵĸоܡ

ŵߵҵѧĿǣ˵СʲôҪ󣬿Ը˵ûҪΪԼ

żҵĶҪϳȥȴְڴʲôʱһ˫ϸֱ۽§סߴҵ֮С԰ġ

ѩ׵С˳ҵؿһ·»ͣ˫ȿ䣬ſӣҵļ͡ҵıϢԽԽˣ飬ȴװѧϰӣȥ

衭ԣǰŵҵĿץסӲļͣʼŪ

֮䣬Ϊҵ󣬴ŹƷ˿˿߸Ьһĳ嶯УСŪͣûҪǿҡ

ŵСʮϸָɵĴŪԽԽӲʱʱҪ̼һº׵ĹͷѾȫѧϰˣﶼӰӣ贩Ʒ˿࣬ҵԣǰ׾޳ϸָɵߣҵļ͡

ԭìܵң𽥱ȵռݣԽӲһһţͷӨҺ壬С𤻬ֻֻһԭʼĳ嶯Ҵܣ첻ǰǰ˫ĸо

СżͣһȻɿ˻ȥֻй˲ʧĸоͬʱְһûҷ񾭣ŵҵӣվҵ̧࣬͸ɫ˿ȣҵĴϣĦš

С֪ϲ˿࣬輴ʹ˰࣬صҲᴩ˿ࡣ

ֶģ˵ⷬĻ裬Ҹұ֤ҾԻͷԱըġòļ˿ĥ䣬ⲻһֱĻ𣿼֪ǰŵٰģѵӵĳ嶯

һл֮ʱŵ֪ôģȻһ棬ҵ˫֮䣬קסҵĿȥ

ұܵһŲͷȥֻŵźɫƷխȹɫ˿Լɫ߸Ь棬׾С̧۾гһ϶Ŀҡ

⻭ĳʵ̫ǿˣҸҪȴָڴǰ˸ȻҵĿקҾȻϵ̧һƨɡӱʵȴ̵ͦļ¶˳ȻӲȴ˻

ŵ۾СסŪһ֮ٿſӣСڣؽͷȥ

ǰŵѾԹΪҿڽȴû̫ǿҵķӦȷʵͬƷ˿Ӱĸоڰҿڽһ㡣⻭ѾԺˣҲףⱲӶ̫ʵˣû뵽ȴСħŮһѽɫݡ

ŵһԵĺסͷ˱һ֮СԴ͵һǻ֮С̲סŶһʹһ飬һһģڽʪСԽӲ

ָо̫ˣػĴҲ֪ΪΣҵͷһǰ㣬ſϣʼװԾȻӣĸоⲻϵڹ״ƣʱһ¹ͷۣټĻ룬ˬ̼ĸоݡ

˱һ֮󣬰ŵСԴʼǰڶĿǻӲͷʱʱĻᶥͷÿ᲻ʿˮһ䶯

ûзйԵʣҸоԽԽǿңͦ壬ĶС˳˶

ŵƺҲƳı仯ͬʱָסңӿ˰ڶٶȡڣҸоһ飬Ҳֲסˣ˫ָæסСԴǰͦ˼£͵ǰһѹźܣŨ׾ҺӿֱӹŮʳڡ

־Υĸоʵ̫̼ˡҿαϣڴڵĴŴͷȥֻŵСһŴ۾һˮʣ룬Ȼ

ŵƬ֮󣬽˳侫֮ûȫ鴤Ƶһһһŵҵӣ˳˿ֿҵĴϣСһĿҡ

СоЩ𣿡ŵᴭʵſСʱ򣬾ȻܿǻİɫҺ塣

Ҫ˵Щʲôһ£оʱ˵ʲôԣ˵Ĭǽɴཫ۾ϣȥ

ŵҵĶԣ˵ŪǲǣһûһЦ˵벻H裿

ҵıϢԽԽأԽԽȣ֮䣬·Ҷߣջҡ

ŵ̧һƨɣȹק𣬶С·ɫ˿ŮΣֱҵϣɲҡĦ

С˵ƯƯ贩˿Hòã

ҼֱҪˣСħŮֱ̫ƻˡƴţƫƫҸܵδеĳ嶯ٽһ˵ҵëͳκˡ

ŵӦѾܵҵ궯Ͼᱡɫ˿࣬΢΢Ůϡ

ϴ

Ҿħһ㣬ס˿ȣתȥķ˴ϣȻ󽫿ȫ˫ֳڴϣ϶µĸɬ۵Сڿһ

ŵظһ£˵Сšô˵ġ

ҵȻϣңðƻ˵ЩƻĵĹϸ룬Ϊϴβ֮裬˵ҵĲκˡ

ŵֱĶҲ˵̧ȣСȶĦϤ˿˳֮Уұһķ顣ûһȻֽƵ˴ϣȻֻɰ˿С쵽˿䣬ɫ˿ڵӨֺԹͷŰ»

Ҳɵõһͫ˲Ŵ͵һ飬ӶӰ

贩˿࣬Ūϲϲ

ŵ¶һ伫ƵȻ΢Цֻɰ˿СѾ£һ㹭γһ˵Сⶴ͹м䣬Źͷ»ĸоˬͷƤֱ飬סԽӲ

裬ϲϲ˿ࣿ

˿˿Сţн»ţɰĽֺʱʱڹ״Ū¡£һ˿СţͬۻСѨ㣬ڼӲϷɿŪţһһ£ٶԽԽ졣

˫߬Ŵ˫ۣԺ贩ɫ˿࣬Ϊ㽻ֻͣȫ³̲סҪйһ㡣鸡ǲ޻ϣȫʹôż޷Уȫʧˡ

ôôãҶҪɱ̬ˡۿ˿СżԽԽ죬˶Ĺͷ˿Сż֣嵽ޱȵˬͨ͸̲סҪ

ûһֻһͣһ飬ҲͲס͵һѽŵƵ˴ϣѹ¡

ŵһãĿңҲ֪װĻģɻʵʲô

ҴŴ˵ˣҷǵõH㲻ɡ

4.3 
УҷǵH㲻ɡ 
ŵȵĶһ죬漴¶ŮߡƬ̣ٴװֵӣ˫ֵҵǰҵ˵У裬ôӣ 
Ѿ˷쳣ͷԷȣӲ̣һһ̵ģǲܲƣëѾȫˡ֪Ϸ̲סϵĵ˵УҲH˭㹴ҵģ 
СˣֻڰŽѹѣ費ڹ㡣 
Űŵʧı飬Դӵһ궯оһѿڶڹңһ쵽ĴôԸУؼ˻˿ǰȥһĻǹ⹴ҵġ 
ŵһЩ⣬ʶԼһʱͷԷȣﻰ˵ˣСħŮĴ˼΢һתܲµ뷨ʱѾǼϣҲ˲ôˣ˫߬סʹڴϣӲļͶ˿ȵм䣬ʵ裬Ѿʪ͸ˣǲҲҪˣ 
ŵͬһ㣬͵һŹͷĥ̲סļһֵ˵Сѣ衭ǡôѽ 
˵׶֣֪ΪΣҵǵûвУ쳣˷ܣӶ̲סĲټӿ죬һļƤҰްĵ˻˭ȰҵĻģҪ𵽵ף 
С侲һ£費ԣ衭ֻѣû˼ 
˵ʲôҲH㣡˭裬ҲH 
ҵȺһƬѾȫʧȥˣһ˵ţһ߽ɫ˿קŵͻȻһƣȻ̧һ£תȥұһ㶣ҲֲĻˣϷҲ˲ϸ룬͵ȥӺ潫һ§ס 
С𡭡ſң裬㲻ӣŵ˻ߵĺ 
ŵϾֻǸδȫԴɬ۵ŮȻȴǰԸСˣŤǼҵִֻƷװ˽ȥųסŮ飬޼ɵ 
ŵͷң˿־ŭ˵ôܶ 
֪ΪΣұһŭ𣬵ͬʱҲ˷ܵ˼㣬ͬĽѹһ㣬խȹ棬޳ϸ˿˿ϣȻֱĽɲ˺һӣ۵СѨ۷촦ʪŢ 
ͦżӲȥ˶ͺĹͷѨڴŮȻǰȴԼѹѾõò˵־Υĳ嶯оʵ̫ˡ 
СҾ㣬ϰҷſҪˣŵģ棬βͬʱŤҪͷѨƿ 
˿Ϊ˿¸ͷʼն󻬵Ѩڴ 
ŵۼãͷݺݵصңҧ´˫ֽץŴ˿϶ţҪƷȥɫ˿ȱýģźɫƤϸ߸Ь˿Сţڴص̤ͼѳ 
ԵͬҰѹµСһ㣬ͽ͵ķǵûҵͬ飬ҵ 
С侲һ£Ҫ԰㡣ĲѽǺúӣ㻹дõǰ̣߳һǾٲˡСĻŵֿʼģĿǣҽ˵̡ 
Ѿ޿̣һٷϻⶼҵġ 
Ҳ֪仰Ƕ԰ŵ˵ģǶ˵ģ˫߬סϸСǰһͦ˶Ĺͷ࿪۵Ļ꣬ʪܵǻײڽ۵ӹϡ 
ŵ׻һ㣬ϸ֫Ϲȴ߬Ѳѩϸ˫ץüͷ壬﷢һ೤ʹ 
ӲʵѨǻڵ壬ӤС֣ѹŰ־Υˬоֱ̫ˬˡ 
Ϊ˷ܣҵӲͣشŲȫ˳ͦôڽµŮѨڡۼŮ۽žӨ飬ճ죬ݽҧ´۵Ҳװȥˡ 
СħŮȻթϾҲֻйһξ飬СѨǴŮһ㣬ʪ岻Ȼ䱻ôӲǳѵʹУҲܵġ 
ʹŭ⣬ټŮѨʵڽĹ֣ǻعŰ壬ʵڽԳܡҲ˲ϧˣ̧ƨɣʹѨ״Ѩճ˰һһͬѨȥ 
ŵ۵üҧһ˫Сץҵĸ첲﷢һѹֵҪƵġ 
˳ֻ˰ͷûѨСڹ˷ܣҵţһƽһ¼飬Ȼƨһѹͷ࿪һѨ⣬ײѨ׻ϡ 
~ۡۡ 
ۼһӿѩ׵С͵ͨ죬﷢ת֮Ѩ䶯ֹһ˿ԲԸȫ룬󳷰֣ٶûֱٴδӹ⣬ˬӲë 
ŵСץҵĸ첲὿Ľģټšһҧÿ졣ʵЩˣ׺ݵ˵֪˰ɣ㻹Ҳˣˡ 
֪ŵҧ˵СҪǡ衭ǡšǻ籨Ӧġγ 
۳ˣϷҶ֪˵ʲôˡȻϷ䣬ˣҲ͹ֲˡ 
УԳġЦһ漴ͦƨɣһ壬˵裬嶼Ѿȥˣ˵ʲôѾˡ㿴ӵļѾȥˣѾҵŮˡ 
ԭֻ˵Щɧû뵽Խ˵оԽ̼ȫУѾֲʵϷˡЩ˵ֲܶ˵ڵģŰŵݣһԵ˵˳оرʹ࣬رĴ̼ 
ԭ΢IЩǷȱȫصǰ״̬оͺҹʱһ 
ãβɣҲǷҵġ 
ôȰοԼֽɫ˿Ůȿ˼ϣ˫˳˿»ͬʱǰһִͦļ˲ſ쳣СѨû뽿۵Ůڣͷݺݵײӹϡ 
~ŵһƺߣ὿ҵĶ˼£Ҽϵ˿ȱýģ˿СűıֱҪһ㡣 
裬оôӵļʹֲ֣ӲӲHˬˬµİŵȴڶ˵ЩĻ 
šСĻ㡭γšʱеġ㡭㻹Сõǰܳܡôˡ~ 
ò˵ŵǸţ˵̷ʽ裬ֱ뵽˼á֮С 
裬Čʵ̫ˣ½ͰŵĻҪҹ˵Щ̼ŵͬʱ˷ܵͦ˼£оͱѨذţټ贩ųɫ˿౻ѹ£޳˿ȿڼͷӲļҵHѨ˷ֱ֮ 
ŵͬƯںϵСһ㣬ҵײػζšɫ˿ϸȺ˿Сţҵļϣ߸ζţߺĴϢšСԵġСѡšš裬֣ƣšǡѽ 
ڹ̼ҵģڹ̼ҵģ 
ֱ죬Ҳ˲öˣͷһ㣬ӲļڽխѨÿһ¶ûѨףײŰСƨɣġžž֮͡ 
壬۵Ĵ귭룬ĦŽխ۵ǻ⣬ŽҺߴߴ 
СšǲеģСѡСѣ裡ŵͻȻ̧ҵϾһơ 
סˣʱͦ㶵Ŀŵҵգ˵СҪӡǲġſ裬԰㡭֣춼ԡ 
ԾϷݵô棡ղһƿʹڻڻءգ˿ȣǰһѹжţ˿ȫѹ΢΢ظϡ 
ΪŵҰ˲٣ȫѹȥҪһСƨɼҴӴִӲǴ׮Ƶģɽ£ֱ룬δξףֺֿݡ 
ŵû˷ûˣѩ۵СץƵģ߬ҵֱۡΪʵڲ̫أҷȻĵʶ֫ҵĳ嶯 
ҽ⿪ŵǼɫװ׵ĿӣͬĳҲһͬѩ۵С鷿Ȼҵǰ̲סظȥһ߳HŪһš 
Ƕôϣڱѹ£ҿHֹѽǷ޳˿ȣϵİ鷿ԲδɵСѾͷƬӿԱġ 
ﲻֹһγֹǿͷҲֻһѣһ£Ƕ¡ڰŵΩΩФİĽɫеһѱǿĿС 
ŵϸ˫ȱҿڼϣһ߸˿˿ȣһ߷ͦӣдŷŭı飬˿Ҹǣ˫࣬ڽµ˼ŮСѨHɡ 
ҵʲôʱ򣬲ԸԳѨأ 
ûHѨԵʣһ֮󣬸о󱳷һ֮УƴҧͣɵֵסӿϮ⣬㲻ŮĽ伱˵衭Ҫˣ̲סˣСѨʵ̫ˣʵ̫Hˣҡ̲סˣ 
ŵϵĺУšǧ򡭡ǧСš衭֣ưšġ裡㲻ܡ桭ҵ棡ỳеġšͲˡ 
Ҳ֪ĵģģһֱظңҵ裬֣ơ֪һжǼٵģϷȴѾ趨оޱȵĴ̼ͺҪһ 
ûµģ軳ˣµģ 
ô˵һǱһ˿ǵģڻеСѨǲỳеģڰŵѨͲһˡ 
˼ʮºҸо糱ˮæʹӰŵխСѨ˳ֻ࣡һǰεһ㣬ǻڷѨ֭ͬҺһͬҴ˳ 
ҽڰŵĹɫ˿Ĵڲ࣬ͷѹ⻬˿֮Уۡһͨ䣬ŨճľҺӿ˿ϵǡ 
ȻѾҺӲģһ㣬һƣ֮ƶûСҲǣСܵϢʱʵ̫ˣôûһΣô㡣 
ŰŵڲľҺоֲʵĸоҾȻָԼˡ 
ŵؿٴϢţĿЩ͡Ҳ֪ǲǴĽɫ˹Ǹм񣬴ЩŭЩ֮⣬Ǽȵġ 
ϴ֮ұذһؼʱ迴ҵʱ裬ޱȵʹԼ֪ΪΣʱ˿̣ȴоЩ˷ܣԭûļͣӲˣĳŰŵһһġ 
ŵһۣ̾һת˹ȥɪɪǲֳֳܱģģٴĴɻǿԡˣŵ⸱ģҸӵ˷ܣһ費裬ξӣҵ͸ʢˡ 
ͦżٶȴȥͷոѨ꣬ŵ羪֮һ㣬ֵסҵؿڣƴҡͷ˵С㲻ˡǱϾĸӣѾһˣһٴˡ 
ƴܵ鷳Ҹ˷ܡſĶߣŴ˵ȻѾһˣٴһҲûʲô˵ġԼ췹ҵļѾȥˣǸı䲻˵ʵ 
Щ˵˵ġڽŰŵһԵ˵˳Ҳķ˫۵˫飬˵費Ҳˮĵǡиоɣһиоɣ 
ҽ쵽Ů˫֮䣬ָסѪŪšŵ˫ȥҪסѨڣȴͽֽ͡մȾ˾Һɫ˿࣬ͬڿһʱİŵһֻСһĳҵǰ 
ҽϸ۵Ľѹ£ָڼͦ۵鷿ϣץ档ͬʱͷſһؿڴ콫ӣ˰ķɫͷ˱ʱʱĻҪҧһ¡ 
~С~ʲô~~ŵ˫ֵҵϣ 
ҵͷһһ˵裬̡ 
䣬ŵۡһЦ˳һ£̲ס̧ͷȥæЦ⣬ֵ̿ĿҡЩúõĴУȫƻˣ̲סԹôЦˣ 
ŵС΢΢һ죬ΡϾ񾭹Ӳܿͻָ״̬ܵ˵УѾǴˣ١ٳˡ˵ȻĴЩɬ 
ҴӰŵͦյߣ˵Ҳģҵġ 
ŵ۾˲󣬵ң˵С̫ˡ裡 
ҽѹͷƴСＷ˵ͲܳԶӵļ𣿷СѾԹˣҲںٳһˡ 
ŵݺݵصһۣɴ˫ۣתһԡҺԥֽСԴ˹סıӣʹ޷СѾͷã͵ͨˣǲϳ 
㵹е㹻ǿëˣֲԸ䣬ָ΢΢شһ¡СѾͷ©ˣſڴڵĴ 
ץסᣬæͦļ˽ȥĹͷխŮǻֱӴŵͻϮüͷһ壬˫ƣһŻ 
оʵ̫ˬˣ˫ȷֿؿϣͦһһµﶥš֨֨ѽѽĻζһʼЩ÷۵ⶥסͷơǷ۵С࣬ȵùҰ±ʹеͶȽܼСֱײ 
Ѿȫָ˲ִӲŵͱСŵҲǿܣʹıܾܿԲװġ 
ͦŴӲļͣڽխʪСԽԽ죬µҲʱĻŮ°͡һ֮ҸоƲ񫣬̫ʹͣʹ˳վ 
ŵΪҾʹ˰ˣüͷʹѵǣһԹĵҡҴӴվߣҪ𡣰ŵɻʵʲô 
ҪҴӴҰ˻ȥһŪ֮󣬱֫ŵأƨɾſڴϵ߳ӡ 
ŵһۣ˵Сôģ 
Ļ֮⣬ҵһ죬Ρ֪ʱ˵һ仰ǴģҲ˵ϻվڴߣС죬˽ȥȻ˫ֱסԴHСѨһٳ 
ŵ̧ۿңĿޱ飬һ㡣ͦżС֮󣬱ضݺݵش̽ǻײŽĺ⡣ 
ŵֻصСĸƵģſڴϣ﷢ġء 
СħŮҺôıHŪС죬ǵһΡȻ޷ĿڻչҹͷʱʱĻᱻݹв䵽ֽǿĸоĴ̼ͷƤ顣 
СŪһ֮ҽͳ˳ϴСƨɺ棬ְǿվһķδǰȥһСѨĦۻѨ⣬ֻŮǻڣˮ󣬽խỬѨ֬¶ߣذһˮ֮С 
ҽ͵ѨףֻŵšһƺߣӸŶһͷڶڽĻϣһ꣬Ȼ˫ǯסС 
ŵСѨʮǳԣѨխС繿ÿÿ룬չͷǻڣ˷ͱһ֬һ㡣 
СHһ󣬼ҲͣӴյӣȴ˫ͨ죬˫ֱֱĿǰ߶Ƚš 
һ󣬺ȻӦŤͷʵ㡭ʲô 
Цķʵڸʲô~ 
ҹųֺرŵһ漴ӦûⲻТӡ 
ۼ⸱ģоЩЦѾͷ϶Ϸˡ뵽Щסӣ˹˴ϡ 
ŵһʼЩȣһ֮󣬾ȻԵ߷ֿҵͷȥֻŮѨ켸խһ죬֬Ө̲סͷǰȥһ࿪˳ѪķѨ꣬ƽѨ죬Ѩס 
~ŵＷһ˫ΣСʶתһԣҧָ 
һ߳HŪһߵЦʵôװˣ 
ššܡŰҡװ衭ŵӱײǰζߺ˵ŲĻ 
Ҫװģֲұġ 
ҡšǡš桭š˭֪㡭šôӦš㡭ǲǡšĸ񱡭 
Ҿ֪һɵģʱͷЩãɴСһͬ͸ɣɵЦ˶ĸᣬ㲻֪𣿡 
ššš㡭͡е㡭šе㡭͡ŵüͷ塣 
һǵһμ⸱ˣģȻʱ裬ר־HǰŮ 
š 𡭡ǡ桭šġŵĽԹš 
ֲҷҪġČôǳҵļôһͱ͵ˡ 
ŵ໰ߺ죬һңСŤһԣߺ󣬽 
ұ⸱߿ɰģץסֻϸףһѿڼͷ϶£׮㣬 
šС̫ˡšššͣһ¡Сˡ 
˿ΪСѨֹͦδεףͷŻ⣬겻ֹHƬ֮ҸоһɣƺҲҪˣʹȫ͸ɼ£ۼŵȻϵüͷ壬ټһҲǶƵģȻֹ 
ţӹѨһ˵֭ڹͷϣоֵġģҲֲȥˣ֮£˲䣬ǰһŨ׾ҺӿСѨǡ
4.4 
 峿Ѿյˡ
    ˼֢´ڷһȦȷŵѾ뿪ˡ
    ϲǣϲǶ˵ëںˣǵǣֱһ 
    ΪκԼëϷӲ˵֮£
    ﻰѿڶ 
    СħỤ̊˵ĻƳʲô 
    ô˵Ϊԭ򣬲ëǳκˡ
    ȲҪϢߣ侲ϸһ£
    ô֪أҪһ׷ԭ򣬻治ý͡
    ܸܲ˵ǰŵٰ̼һңҵĲȫˡ 
    ңϸ룬˵һǧѷĺûء 
    Ϊ仯ЩͻȻҪ¸ıһԭļƻˣӿ
    ҹζࡣ 
    ǶκͰŵƵԭҪڹؼʱ̣õģĿǰ
    ״ʮֺˡ 
    ٽأ½ҲУżٻˡ
    ܹҵĲϾҲϵһӵĸ
    ԥһ£ǾȲ 
    ½ҪΪβҽƵˡ 
    ʵͦһ£һӶòˣҽ𣿲 
    룬⻰е̫ˣҲûʳڡ 
    Ҷ˽⣬һӲ˵Ҳ޷˵ļ޸ҵġ
    ôӶԲɵˡ 
    ʮϣһصҹװûõֹװǿ
    ӣԼ֮ͬġ
    ״ЩΣҲ˵ãҲ˵ãɽ
    ˵һѣúϰϣ֮־ԡ
    ֮üͷ壬ҵҲЩɻ
    ҹʱϰϵ¡
    ҹɵ˵ţԣоԵĽ 
    һ£ʵ˵Ӣɼ𣿡
    ҵͷӢԵġǰرӢɡͻȻо 
    ͦ˼ġ 
    ÿӣʶĽƬ̣ʵΪ
    ʦ㲹εԵʣ
    ʵʦʱæúܣûҲΣҵӢɼҲûԵ
     
    ҼװţϣûСʦʵ̵Ҳô 
    £̫õġ 
    ɵĿңûм׷ʣԵĴɻ
    һãȻҿʵʦ˭ѽôÿ 
    춼ѽ 
    бһۣЦЦ˵Ǹ˵ġ 
    ˣס㣡 
    ֪ڹⶺ޺޵ĵһۡ 
    û˵극ĬĬʰ꣬Ȼɳϣ˴
    ᡣ 
    Ǽ׼⣬ڳʱһԸ
    Ҳ⡣ 
    ȥʮһڻСϣٱ
    ˷ǣֻˣϰҲҲѾŮ 
    齨µļͥ˱˵Ϲ˵ϰ֡ 
    ұأʵʲô
    Ťͷһۣоͬľɥʵأʲô 
    ̾˿Ц˵룬ϰʲôǺͰŵ
    һϷأ 
    ЦЦ˵ˣҲϰ֡ 
    ʱȻ䲻һ䣺˼ҵ£ʲôġ
    ҺͱһۣоЩԣæ죬˵ˡ 
    ˸ԵͷĬĬԸȻһϨ 
    תͷңʲôԭ 
    ڻ˾䣺˵˶ٴˣԸ˵Ͳˡ 
    ľ˵һ 
    ҹ⿴һۣҲƳһۣʵ 
Page 2 of 4
㣬㿴ʲ
    ô 
    죬ԥ̾˿ˣǲ˵ˡ 
    ЦôôģһҲˡ
    Сֹ˾䣺Ҳ㲻һˡ 
    ʲô 
    Ҹ˵æˣûû˵ˡҲˣ
    ˸⣬Ͻ˯ȥ
    ڶ峿⾲ĵġ 
    Դ÷֮ζࡣ
    緹ʱֱɸҺͱһѹ
    ֮󣬱Сֹ־ӣôôһѽȥٶˡ 
    Ҫң 
    һۣȥᡣ
    æ㿪ҪҪ˭˵ҲҪˣ 
    һЦ˵ɵѽȻȥϰһҪء 
    죬Щ̫ģŤ˵˾䣺Ҳ̫ȥҪȥȥɡ 
    ţΪʲô 
    ģҪŵҪȥǰꡣ
    ӦҲȥ 
    ˵ȥǮգʲôȥ
    ĥĥģʼղԸš 
    ڲסĴߴ£Ǹȥϰ
    ϰڼҵ˺ܾˣһǽţȲİѹǮǣ 
    ǺҪƵġ
    ֻ£ŵľԵЩ̫ȻˣεĴк֮
    
    ŴҲעʱŵЦС˵ҪҲ
    һġ
Ұһۣ˵ҪҲҪҡҪˡ
    ʲôˣ 
    ŵһ 
    ЦЦ˵㡣
    ŵ˲Ц˵Ц
    Ҽˣߵһ㲻ҲҵЦôôֻ 
    ϷŪˣ˿Ц 
    ŵƬ̣һתٴγСħŮ΢Цбۿң
    ҡ 
    ϣһѽҿеԼˡ 
    ֮ʱҸϽߡ 
    Ҳûɶˣϰִк뿪ˡ
    ֮Ҳûʲô£ؼңӵĵ绰˵ȥ½
    Ҿ۲͡ 
    ΪҵĲıŵ̼ˣҲ˲٣
    Ҳ̤ʵࡣ 
    ˳壬ҾͰسȥסˣʱˣ㽫ǲĵ
    ƵŽȻݸˡ
    Ȼˣҿ϶Լֵģʵö˵϶뵽
    ŵϵġ 
    Ƶĳȥ󣬲ûиҴ绰Ҳû
    ŵƢӦ˿ǡֹУ
    Щ 
    һֱУ죬ڻЩĬסˣصǱߣ
    Ҫ̽̽ڷ硣 
    ʱѾϰ˵ˣɳֻͻȻŽ
    Щ죬ɻʵôʱˣ 
    ûУҡŻ˵һ
    ֪ѽ㲻ǰ͸˵𣿡 
    Ŷ֪ѽ 
    Ҽ糣ҵҲûôĲɻ
    ĪûյƵһʵԷ𣿡
    û 
    ﻹЩʣԼȥʢɡ 
    Ӧһ 
Page 3 of 4
ĥ˰죬ǾŵķӦЩ̫
    ôҲø㷴Ӧɣɻ󲻽ʱվ̽ͷ 
    ʵôʱˣ 
    ûմ˵˾䣺Ҽңʲôʱʲôʱ 
     
    ߡһ˵˾䣺ë 
    תҪߣҺȻʲôϽס 
    ͷң˵ʴ𣺡ʲô
    ҽק˽ֹϳš 
    ɻؿңʵ㵽ʲôѽ
    š 
    ѹʵʱ䣬ûʲôĵط
     
    תתĵط 
    ԣ˵Īѽˤѽ
    һƳһۣò˵ǰ
    ɣ 
    ʲôⴿǹġûУ 
    һ˵ǰ죬ȷʵôһ󣬸о࣬
    ƲֵġҲûƢѽ 
    һۣԣͻȻЩ϶ʲôŹ֣ʲô£ 
    ô£Ҿǹġ
    ͻȻٺһЦǲַʲô±֪
    ҵ˵ͷҲǡҲǡˣͱ˼ˣϽȥ
    ɡ 
    ϳȥʢ˿ߣһ
    Եĳ 
    ϥɳϣͷֻûκαҲûһۡ
    ĥŸ̽һ¿ڷʱȻʵǱ
    ô 
    ͦõѽһˣģϰ
    һˣ 
    üľһˣ
    ѽ֮⣬˭𣿡 
    ҹãȻ 
    㡭 
    һ£ʵкͰŵϵ𣿡
    һ񣬿ȷʵյƵһֱѹ̵
    ڡ 
    ҸæװõĻűǵ˵ŵôͻȻ
    ˣ 
    бۿң糣˹˵ͻȻģ
    ʡ 
    ûСĶѽ 
    ҿЦһͷԷ 
    ؿб˰죬û˵ͷֻ
    ﰵԿģĹȻһȻϲ˵ʵȴǺ
    ġ 
    극ҽʰڳｫֻó֣Ȼ 
    Ӻ 
    ĥһҳк׼ȥ
    ҽס˵ߡһеҪء
    ҹԹԵ˹ȥûȿ˵ֻˡ
    ͳֻһĻϳȵıȻ̧۴
    һۣҲڶҡ
    ѡ˯һֻȻЦ˵ʲô£˵
    ɡ 
    ͷҿӿڴһۣʵ˭ĵ绰
    Ҹæεû˭ǣһͬĵ绰
    ɴźɣæתƻ⣬ʵ˵Ҫ
    ˵𣿵ʲôѽ 
    ̾һ˵С֪ѹܴ󣬵ⲻӱܵɡ
    ӱܣӱʲôˣ 
    㡭 
    Ҫ˵ߵֻˣͳһ̧ۣͷ
    ƣ˵ȵһ£ҽһ绰
    ˵գȥװͨ˵绰˵ô 
    ôѽ˵ҽ¡ʲô£ʲôϵ 
    ҹͷһۣޱĶҡ
    ҿ⽫ѹЩֱ֤ܹ˵С 
    İɡϡ 
    ҼװҶϵ绰ߵߣЦ˵ղ˵ʲô
    ˵ 
    ֱң¡
    òŻع˵ˣȥɡ

ĸϹ4.5 ߣӰ
ֹоĿѾﵽˣ˵棬뿪˼š
    һ·ҶŸղŵ£»һߣûʲô
    ǲȷûҵĻ
    ҪǱƳʲôߣǾǵǰˡ 
    صݣҾ͸ŵȥһϢ 
    ˯û 
    һžˡ 
    ûء 
    һ 
    ôʱˣǵһζҷϢ
    Ļ죬𣿡 
    죬ܲء֮ 
    滹һ캦ߵı
    ҷֻڴϣû 
    ʮӣŵϢʵôûˣ˵Ҫ 
    𣿡 
    š𣿡 
    ͦõġ 
    ϰֻ𣿡 
    Ҳͦõѽ 
    һĬ 
    ˼ӣŵ̲סʵ磬ǲʲôѽ 
    һţָһϢǲҪǸˣ 
    滹һЦı
    һû 
    һŵҷһԣģŵ˵
    С֪ѹ󡣿ġ
    һһ㲻ҿЦȴҵЦ
    ŵص㲻Ҳ𣿡
    𣿡 
    аϴĲǺܿĵôһֱˡŪ
    ڶء 
    Ѿͷʲô˵
    ˭ҪҵġãǶͷ 
    ϡѽѽ
    ֪˰ɣ˰ɣ 
    ŵǱߺȻû˶ 
    ҵȣǵȲػ￪ʼֹò 
    ʲô˰ɣҵȵЩҪϢʱػˣʾ 
    һһ΢ЦȻֱ˵ʵ磬Ҫ
    ˰ɣ 
    һ䣺Ȼ˼ҺۣҿԵġ
    һίı
    Ѿͷڹ⼤ѽѽҼҡе
    ѽ 
    һַһС˵ıʵҪϴεķ𣿡
    ҼȲ˵ҪҲû˵ҪֻǷ˸㡯Ӧ֪ô
    ġ 
    Ҹ߶ӣ͵Ϲˡ 
    ƻɲɣҪˡ 
    ϣҪʲô碡
    ⼸죬аŵûϵҡ
    ȴӣܵģҵЩ겻
    ҺʱҲû೤תۼ͵ġ 
    ҷŻصʱѾߵˡ
    ŵԣͷֻһĵĳһ֣к 
    ûֱӴƷȹЬһеıţп㡣
    Щʧϱŵŷ 
    ŵֱȥ 
    ʵʲô
    ŵͷ˵˾䣺ȳԱѽⲻϹ𣿡 
    һ漴˵ôϹˣ첻ˣҽ 
    ϡ羹ȻҲôˡ 
    һЦǲһ뵽ҪǸͼҲ
    ˡ 
    ķϻ⹻ġȻÿġ 
    ҹ׺ݵĵһۡ 
    ŵһţҺѽСԡܶ
    ˵䣬СѾˡ 
    ˴θײͣΪܹӦȻ¡
    ճڣеˣҪǵȲھˣǿɾǰ
    ˡ 
    ҼŵԵ˹˹˹ĵģԿ㡣 
    ŵһССڵͷһ˵ѾԵĺܿˡ 
    Ҳ֪ǲǹģ𷹺ֱ
    ŵûҭţֽƿĹҵ˵ô 
    װ¶ѽ 
    ôһ˵ҺȻ˾䣺ɶұ 
    ŵһ漴ӦҼһ£˵ƽʱ 
    ô˵ѽ
    ƽʱ˵
ˣƽʱǴһġҲ֪һ
    쵽Ķô໰˵ġ 
    ҺĶ޵СħŮԶġ
    ҲٸȥˣڣԴߴٵˣϽ԰ɣ 
    ˡ 
    ŵЦЦĿңǣϽԷ¶Ҫ 
    Ҳͣؿʱ䣬ϣҪô硣
    ֱ˷ʰˣҲûг֡
    һֽò᲻˰ɣŵű
    ңٳʱѾװȹӳЬģ
    ˡ 
    ÿǺÿģ·ܾеΥ͡ 
    һص֮󣬰ŵ˲תݣ˵С
    ̫ʧˡ
    ҼϷͦģһǽϻݵģҲ͸ű 
    ɵüͷίͰ͵˵Ĳǹġ
    ֻǡ 
    ֻʲôԳ£ýμˣ
    ۴̬ϣʵ̫ˣŵǱݵš
    £ȥӾĻ˵Ļᱻѡϡ 
    ټɤܲΪҲǼпܵġ 
    ǡǲԽΪҵѹʵ̫ˡ
    һҿٴʧҾ͡
    ŬϷܸоǲôһ˼ 
    ϾԼġ
    С˵֪ѹ󣬿㣬ǡ㲻
    
    ġ֪ô˵źá 
    ŵҵߣḧҵļͷģŵĿ˵
    ʲô£Ը˵ġ
    ֹһڵıĶԲϴ֪
    ġĲǹġֻǡӦ֪ģǸкӣᣬ
    󡣱ʱˣ͵ġ½ȥˣҲˡ
    ҡ
    ŵ˫סҵļ򣬽Ұ˹Ķ˵С
    ֪ܣϴβġ㲻áѽ
    ֪ˡ
    ˲£ֻҪϸǵĺúӡ
    š 
    ҳϿҵĵ˵ͷȻ̧ͷ۰Ͱ͵Ŀʵ
    𣿡
    ŵḧҵգ˵ҪҪġ
    ҪӦϴˡ𣿡
    ֪ԺҲԶˡ
    һ˵ţһ§סϸ΢΢¡Ŀϣ
    ˲䡣 
    ŵ§ҵļţһһΣںԼĺ
    Ƶġ 
    ǾôƬ̣ҵֿʼʵˣ
    ŵ˳ҵ»ȥֱ˫֮䣬ſסͣ
    һ¡ 
    ΪĶǣҿ˷ϰǶ˵ëѾȫ
    ˣôһȻȻı㽫ɶ
ŵСסĴ֣Ц˵Ǻлѽƽ
    ʱĺѽ 
    ĺܡ 
    ʵϡ 
    ƽʱôģ 
    ŵЦʵɰ׵С˳ſ˽ȥסİͣ
    ض
    ƽʱԼ֡ 
    Լ֣˭ѽ 
    ûлش 
    ǲǣ
    ŵԽԽ졣
    ǡ 
    ǣ 
    ŵһϵĶͣʵ˭ 
    üͷΪѵ˵˵ˣ 
    Ҳ˵ɡ 
    ǡŵС 
    ŵ֣Եһ£Ȼ˵У 
    üͷ˭ 
    ʦ 
    ʦ˭ 
    ŵסˣ֪ʦĴڡ 
    ҵӢʦġ 
    ŵСڿﻺذͣһ˫۾ֵת˼ʲô
    ҴߴٵŪ̫ˣҡеܡ
     
    ҡϴҡ
    ŵһۣһߵֽ̬ҵĿӰ
    ֵİ˲Щϡ
    ŵֵĶͷĴһ£С˵ô֣ô
    𣿡
    ģǧȷ 
    ŵǴЦ⣬̧ͷһۣȻſ˫䣬Ǽ⼸
    ͷȵϢڲ̲ס˸ӣоһȡ
    ŵ˰С֣ḧһͷͷȥӣ
    ͷӣ
    ֻԼİͽ뵽һխǻ֮˲Ϯ
    ɵһ
    ŵסͷ˱һ£Ȼ⣬Ź״
    ƤĻȦȦ 
    ò˵СħŮⷽǼ츳ݲˣ
     
    ټǽӵĹԹŮģֱҪ 
    ˬ
    ŵſС죬ȥ
    Ҹоͷһϣֵģˬ֮
    ˲ֺҧżµˬС
    ŵͷŪͷһ˫ֵĴ۾ʱ̧
    ƵĿңǿ˵Сģ˹˻ǵС
    ǿ⣬ʱĿʱ䣬ϣ֮ǰ
    ɵȥʼղӰ
    ҸоͷƤһķֲסʱһҲˡҵСʵ̫ˣҲˡ
    ǡʱ˽
    ҲͲס̵Һ翪բĺ㣬кһһɵģ
    ŵСġ 
    ǰһĻʵ̫𾪣۾ĴģĿɿڴȫ˵
    ˡ 
    ȻҼƻһ֣ĳҵǰջһ
    ķ 
    ŵƺҲµı仯ȴʮֵ򶨣Сûκεľţ
    СɲͣعţԽԽݣͣ䶯
    ๾࡯ģݷҪҺȫһ
    Ժֹһεģĳĳʱȴ쳣˷ܡ 
    ڵע£ҽһɹɵҺŵխСֱһ
    ʣΪֹ 
    С
    ŭһǡ
    ŵһ£æƣĴӰŵС˳
    ֵĿš
    ŵ򲻻ŲæվĵĶҵӵĵͷһ 
    Բ 
    ĺͻȻٴʶĻͷһֻۣŵ
    챡ǾȻŰ׵Һ 
Page 2 of 2
ӣҪֳ
    ĹɣʮֵĲ 
    ôˣ
    ԭǴװʧģĳҵǰʱ
    ˵Ȼ 
    ôˣ 
    ؿбݺݵصңʲôأ
    ǡûʲôѽ
    㡭 
    Ҫңȴһʱˣƣֳһ
    ˹ 
    æܣֻۡһһء 
    ҽͣҡ
    û˵꣬Ѿ˹սȭҵԴһͨ´
    ѾܾûбˣоȻһЩС
    ۻһ۵ġ
ĸϹ4.6 ߣӰ
һٱΥϤУͦ˸оС

 ĿԲŭңŭǣСǰɣ


 ˵ﻰѽҡҡ


 ԭѾһ˵ǣ֪ΪʲôȻˡ


 ŭңϢأ˵ˡ


 ˰죬תŵͷŴһ顣


 ŵҲûоɫЦŴк̺á


 ûŤͷңô£


 ʲôô£


 װɵ


 ··ĶŪģ


 ʵ


 ǰ


 ŤͷʰŵĶģ


 Լѽ


 ŵЦĻشſ˫ۣԭתһȦʵ𣿡


 죬һʱҲ֪ö˵Щʲôֻܷ˾䣺㻹𣿡

 ŵȻ˼ʼ磬С˵˾䣺Ҳˣ˰

 ˵꣬ץתߡ


 ߵſڣбһۣ˵ŵǰ飬˭ҲˡӽԺҶԶ㣡

 ŵûлӦһ˸Ȼ򿪷ţɿܵˡֻʣҺˣȻĳԤϵˣҲ׼ĵʱﻹзġ

 ̣һļž


 Ҹ˵ʲôһ߬סҵĶ䣬һš۵ҰһҽУ谴ҵԴһͨ

 ŲӣģȴûԽԽαȸڰŵʱĻҪݣǺܾðˣۡ

ҲˣͣĿԲ˺ð죬˵С𣿡

 ҡҡûа


 죡۾һɣ¶δİԵ

 ұܵӣһȴ̲סһЦ


 һ漴ŭЦʲôЦܿЦ𣿡


 ǡ


 ҸæЦϾһ˵ЦΪ֪ˡ


 ŭҾܺǲ


 ޴⡣æϡ

 бңĬãһƨɳϣһݵʵС㵽ʲôѽ

 Ҽװ޹գ۾˵ûѽҡҾúѧϰһôѧѽ

 ôúѧϰģ


 ѧͦ̿࣬ͦѽĩԵĽͦԵѽ


 㡭


 죬һʱԣ۸ɿҡ


 ҳʤ׷˵裬ѾˣҪˡ֪Լøʲô

 ֪ƨһżȻ˴ֻ

 ߽װ죬ˣô˵һҲ͡


 ٸס㻹֪Լøʲôⷿ㾲ȫԸͶ뵽߿㶼ʲôˣʦ㲹ϰξˣ㻹Ѱŵǡ

 ǡ


 ҴĻʦʲô£


 ұ죡轿ǣ˵ٴΪʲôʦ㲻֪Сʲôúܡ裡

 Ҳû˵ѽ


 Сֹ˾䡣


 ҿһʱҲֵȻѽϵĸ߸ЬݺݵسҶ˹ȥ

 ұܵһ֣ȵؽ֡еˡҺ趼Щ㶣໥š

 һֻŴźɫ߸ЬһֻŴɫ˿࣬żŵ棬ЩȻƬ̡ŭң˵û

 ĺɫϸ߸Ь֮Ʈǹ֮Уǿŷڱǰһڵĳ嶯˫źɫ߸ЬԹԵ͵ǰ

 һֽۣЬ˹ڽϡ㣬ģģ

 ֪˵ǰŵ˼Ƭ̣ɴֱ˵˵ġ


 㡭ë


 üŭ˵Ҿ㼸ˣԶ㣬ҵĻԷ˰

 ҵͷԼĽż⣬һԲ


 ˵ѽưˣ


 Сֹ˵ʲô


 üͷһ壺ҸղŸ˵˰죬˵ˣ


 裬ŵѾ֪ˣαؾأ

 ⲻǰŵ˲ϴ⣬˵㡣ʲôϵѵ㲻֪˵ǰģ㲻֪ݡǺãǰ¶ˡأôͣ

 ҹ⽫͵ŵϴϧ費Ϲְ˻

 ҸɴཫͷתһԣС˵裬Ҷ˵ˣѾˣʲôס

 ʲôףңѰŵΪʲô裿֣Ͱŵ£ֻ֪ءҪ֪ˣǵסԺɣС㵽֪֪ΪʲôҸʱһҪ

 üͷίͰ͵˵֪ұҲģǡҲʵûа취ˣȲѲš

 ʲôȲѣʡ

 ҵͷСֹⲻ׵£Ҳ֪αذѻ˵ôףҶΡ

 ⻰ʲô˼ؿбŭҡ

 ֪϶ҵ˼ԾͲټ˵ˣƵ̫ˣ˵ַЧ

 ңĬã˵ʰھ͸һȥ


 ҹżüʵΪʲôѽﻷͦõģͦʺѧϰѽ

 㻹һסңǲ


 ǡⲻķ𣿡


 ġ


 豻ãһʱ侹֪˵Щʲôˣһӣǳģڲסˣôţ

 У˭ǽأסҲĲǡ

 Ķôϻǰʱ仹ҪҪģֿʼˣƶǲ


 ҲһֱǷȥѽǰʱ䣬һ쵽ģΪʵڿϣа취ˣϣˣԻҲͶˡ

 迴ңʵʲô취ˣ


 ҵͷ


 Ȼ֪ҵ˼һ߬סҵĶ䣬һšҧ˵СðͷҪ´ΣͲǰһôˣûС

 ۵ĲסҽУ˵ףף֣֡šˣ

 轫ɿ˵ȥʰߣ


 ⵹⣬תصʰ


 Ž˵Ȱ鱾ϣʣµĶʰ


 ŤͷʵⷿӲˣ


 ŭ˵ʲôѽ


 ʰһ£뿪˳ݣʱһͷһۣ˵ټˣȻĻ䣬ôá

 һ·ϣԵúܽ꣬ǵȺʱָͣôŷ̡

 һԣҲҶ˵


 ֮󣬱һҽţԵЩ⣬ʵôˣ


 Ҳ֪ôͣͷһۡ


 û˵ļңܻѽĶ¶ݿȥ

 Ե޹ʵİһѵСһ飬Щ˳ίͰ͵תȥˡ

 Ҷ˵Ǹӣʲôѽ


 ѵҡ


 豻Ҽģһðһ飬һëģȵվò

 Ȼҵĺ󱳣ѡһ´ëĶˡ


 Ҫ˵۰ɣеۡ


 ȴ̵ģǲ˵Եʰɣ̬ôˣᶼͦġ

 ֮轫һӣңʵ֪û


 ͬйһҵͷ˵֪ˡ


 ӽԺ㲻׼ټŵҪ֪ٸ棬ҲһȣҲ裡

 ҧá죬Ĳᡣ


 Ŷҵ˵ͷʾ֪ˡ

 ˼Ƭ̣ʵҪأ


 һϣ


 Ͳˡ


 ҾͲˣôţ裡


 аɡ


 ҵ˵ͷ̲ס΢΢һЦܾûмôԵˡò˵ָ˰Ȩ裬оˡ

 ЦʲôЦҵĻԷ磡һȥ


 תߣûվס


 æͣתȥ


 趢һߵҸǰֳҶץ˹


 ΪҪšҶ䣬ܵһ㣬ǵ𶯣


 Ȼְסҵĺףҿ

 һʼҲ֪ڸʲôģһ˿飬Ϊʲôӳͷˡ

 漴ȻǸղŴ̫ˣЩ˵ֲ˵ֻԼ鿴

 Ȼҵġ


 ڶ죬˯УҲȥܲˣһήҲӣԷʱ˰ġΪ緹ˡ

 ؼ֮һǸӣ˵ʲôҶֻڴӦһԵú

 ʵ̲סˣݺݵصңѵʲôͷɥװ˭أ

 ȷʵװģװ˭ģҲض˵ȻඡҲˣǹģҾôԴͬʬһ㣬ûһ

 Ҳû취ֻܿϷΪ£ڹڻһ仰Ҳԡգ˵ι졣

 뿪Ĺ򣬱յߣƵʵôѽôö˶˵İˣþû跢ôƢˣôˣ

 СӣϹʣûϵ


 ߡǶǻˣ߷ߵ˵˾䣬ȻĹĵĻȥˡ

 յ˰ŵϢʵ㻹𣿡


 һ˾䣺ͦõġ


 ˡôͻȻˣ


 ǷģԿס㻹ᱻţҿͦ򶨵ģΪ㵨ͦʵء

 װġģǸʱΪöҶء

 Ҳǳʲôϵ


 Ǻ꾫£ӡ


 ϣ㻹㵱ʱǶƵʱ򣬾û𣿡

 Ҳڶ¡


 Ҳ֪ŵ˵ļ漸ּ٣ĳɷȷʵСʱһ֮£Ƶϰֿˣȫһˡ

 ͷһ룬֮ǧټƵϰ֣Ҳ֪ҺͰŵ˹ϵΪ˱ŵʵΪҵδ롣

 ϰ֪ǸıŮҶҶӡϸ룬һߵĻͦΣյġϾҺͰŵ飬軹ǱȽϼɻģҪǷִղãǼˣĲ롣

ĸϹ4.7 ߣӰ
ܵ˵áҵİƽȹˡһôߣҪľ򣬵Ρ
ҵġǷϡ޶ԵĻϣҲãˡ
һŵҷϢ㻹ҸǸ𣿡
ֱ˵Ļصѽʲôҵģ

ܲҸɣ
ǡѽ㲻±֪𣿡
ҲҲ׸Ҳûѽ

˵ˣòŸˬ
˺þãŵŷһɪɪı飬˵ˡ
ˣ
оǰͦûûεģڡ
ôˣ
˵壬е׽
ϻô£ˣתҪһ仯ҲûУǲûûء
ΪѾѧ˵ԵʣУֻʣҺˡ
ҼǰϷ˵ʲôҶģһѻӡ
Ҳûޡ
ֱѧĵһ׿ԣҹ⿼ϡãõɼû
ôҺúѧϰѽ
裬ѾŬˡ
ټʵĸϷˣ㵽Ҫʲô
ɼ˲輸ϣŭңؾϢأȻĲᡣ
ûʲôѽ
ҿüװһͰ͵ӣί˵ҾúѧϰһôѧһݺùȻ취κҵĲ飬ȵĹ°뱲ӡ
˵ĸģȫǷġǺúѧϰ̬𣿡
ǰһֱںúѧϰѽҾƤӵ£˵첻̰ڣҹİɣ
㡭
һʱָңðŭ˵ѧǸ˭ϵģѧˣ
ҵͷ
Ҳˣ˵ѽưˣ
Ҵͷɥʵ˵ʲôأ
СѾܾˣ̫ôˣ
ҽüͷ˵裬Ҷˣһʲô磬ʲôѽҲ鷳ǱסĺúõأҪҰⲡѾתˣҪ
˵ţҹεĳ̾һ
ĿһɣŶǲǣ
Ҳûѽ
ʵûޣ˵ʲôҶߺ߹ģֻҡ
һʼ뵽ģõǸ߿ҵĹذ
βģû뵽ëıŵκˣǽķչܾͲҵ֮ˡ
ֹ˼죬׼ݸϰȻҽס
һЩƵĿ
һֱս״̬Ǽһ˵
ʵ裬𣿡
迴ңƺЩ˼죬ֹ
ԤУ׷ʵ裬Ҫû£ҾȻȥˡ
˵գתҪߣæһ¡
ţ
ҹãȻ
㡭һ¡
˵֮ȥ
һٳʱѾһ·ɫƷװɫһȹĺɫ˿ࡣ
װ磬һϲ˷־ȡ
ôһȦ׷Ŀ꣬û뵽ǣôЭˡ
ĿɿڴĿԵЩнɬɤӣΡȻ첽ߵǰϺɫ߸Ьתվҵǰؿҡ
ҵȻ֪ʲô˼ȴװͿƵʵ裬ʲôѽ
һҪңסˡ
ߵɳȻԼԵλã˵
ʲô
¡
辧Ө۵Ƥ£һ˿ΣϵıԿЩż
ҹãȻ˹ȥȻգ۾ҡ
ƺƵЩ˼ˣһͷתһԡ
ѩ޳Ĳɢڶķ˿òҵҡ
İʾѾˣҪȡһεĽѵʱҪס
ʱһһĹȥˣôһĸţ˭Ҳû˵
ҿ˾䣺裬ʲô˼ѽ

ͷңգЩӣĿԲоʱҧһƵġ
༱Ҫĳˣϻװķ壵ӣʵ裬ǲʲôˣҡ
Сôô˰
輱ˣ̧Һһơ
üͷһίʵִңôѽ
㡭
µվȻСŮƵģһ½ţȻȥ
Ҹæվ˫һģȻˣβǰɣ
ͷңװʲôأ
һӣת˻Ȼϣൽһԣֱأ°ͣٿҡ
Ƿ޳ĺ˿ȣζ⻬ĴУΥ˷ܸٴӿͷ̲סҪһѣ֪ʱҪס֮ܲ
⽩߰˷ӣ̲סˣͷңʵ㷢ʲôأ
ûѽ
㻹
ֹΣ˵ҪͿ㣬һûı⡣
һϵ˵裬ˡû˼֪ѹҲܴҲô˽Լѹת޵ϡûҪίԼԼ취ġ
ЩĿңð˵Сڸʲô
裬ллллΪ롣ǰѵĶԣԼ·ҪԼߵġѾˣЩ飬Լˡ
˵ţһȻĬĬתصֻһɳϣĿɿڴһãȻ
ұϲޱ򶨣ʵȴ˷ܵظʲôƵġ
ĬĻص˷˼ȻۣһҮ
˷ָ֮࣬оЩϧþûд˿ˣǼˡ
ҲͣԼһ̣һҪһ̡
һҪȡϴεĽѵǹңЩϣǧܹڼˣָǣǾûϷˡ
ڶϣΪ׼ͣȻı糣ͺʲôҲûһҷһЩߣضҵĿ⡣
Ǹ˵貢޶Եġ
Ϊ˲ȴ̼Ҳֵúһûж˵극ѧȥˡ
ǿлȵš
֮ҲûΪβˡ
һһ̣ʱһЩˡ
òǲʲô˰ɣžҵ
һʱԽԽǲ
ܹ֮ҡģΪºĸ߿Ѿǵڶˣ겻ٿһˡԣܹٸ߿֮ǰ趯ҡⱲӺĻˡ
һ棬ֱҪ渴ϰһĳɼҪһǰһУǰ״
ѧҸŵȥϢʲôʱпա
һ䣬ʲôʱпա
ʲôֱ˵˵ˣ㡣

˸ӵı顣
ðɣʵʵ˵ˡ
ŵһ亹ı飬Ȼʵ㲻ˣ
ѽѡѾˡٹ¸߿ˣҾˡ
ôоֵֹģ㲻𣿡
ѽ˵˺һӣһ죬һСʱһӶһӡ

ŵʾһʡԺţȻʵ㻹棿
ΪѽôһĺüΪôˣ
ڵҲڡͻȻеʹĸо
ۡôսթʯĳˣҲʹ𣿡
ѽ˵ϲ磬Ļ
㷢һϵı
ҲΪ˵аɣ㰮ģҺҵġ
ҿʯĳ
һûһģʱҲֻϢ
趢һۣҪѵ䣬ԥһ£ǷˣֻǺݺݵصһۣʾҰֻ¡
Ҳû⣬ŵϢǸ𣿡
ĸ
ŵһ䣬ûһţ˵ŶĸҼװ裿
ҷ˸ͷı飬Ȼʵ𣿡
㶼£ʲô
УҸ绰
ŵһ˸ͷĿɰ顣
ǵãҪɫѽĽŽš
ŵ˸ߵı飬Ȼֵ˵ͷ
ҿֻ΢΢һЦ
趢ң̲סˣѵԷʱֻܲܲ
ҽֻϣʱʱĻȥһۡ
ʵڸ˭Ϣأ
ڻ˾䣺
ǿϵı飬ԲҵĻ۾ʱĳֻȥҵȻ֪˼Եһ룬üͷһ壬Ŷվ
費ͷʵôˣ
Ҷеܣˣȥ˲
˵Էأ񲻶ģ
ҹ⽫ֻ˲ϣȻܵʮӡ
ȵٳʱѾˣڲԣ˫ֱأûκα顣ʶĿһֻԣոձ˶ˣֻһ衣
λ˿ֻֿ˿裬Ҳû˵ʲôͷԷ
ĺͻȻƬ̺һСаˣˡ
ȻҺѾˣװɵ㶣һãȻ
ǲǹֻϵģԼҪģܲԹҰɡ
裬ָ˭أ
ҹɻʵ
˵أ
˫һɣ˵СԽԽҵĻǰɣ
ţҡûɣһֱܹѽ
Ͼûоҵͬ⣬ֲ˵͵ҵֻҹװͿҲûޣֻһ
ҲĿ͵͵ЩڴϽˣȲҪ֪Ӧˡ
죬ûٳʲô۶ӣ˯ѧϰøʲô͸ʲôԵúܡ
գۼ䣬ڵ졣
緹ʱＤǴһʱ͵衣
ɫ糣Ҳ֪Щʲô
극һݻһ·һ˳ȥ
ԭΪڿңû뵽ȴһˣɵһ˲䡣
ѵ費ֹվڿ룬ҿҲ
ټһ£ɤӺһ裬ҳȥ˰
䣬˵վס
ҷſһͷȥֻ贩һɫƷȹ˳޳Բϣһ˫ᱡ͸ɫ˿ࡣ

4.8 
    贩źɫƷȹԼᱡ͸ɫ˿࣬˳ 
    ֪ԼĿѾһˣ˷쳣ϻҪװƵ
ӡ 
    ʵ𣿡 
    俴ңʵĶȥ 
    ҡûȥĶȥתת 
    ׼ȥ 
    ΪΪʲôѽ 
    ˵׼ȥǲ׼ȥĶôΪʲô 
    ܼûء 
    СֲСѧˣһס 
    ΪСѧˣԲҪ㡣Ҫǲ˵㵽Ҫȥ
ĶҲȥ 
    վǰһ仰Ҳԡ 
    һתߵɳԣȻ֣˵
 
    ʲô 
     
    費ͷصһۡ 
    ҡ 
    Ҵʲôȹ 
    ұһΨΨŵŵԥӣȴֿ˻ˡ 
    ˹ȥʵʲô° 
    û˵ĬƬ֮󣬽˿Ь˳б
ɳϣ˿ŵɳϡ 
    ֻխȹµһ˫˿ȣ޳ȳƣϸҲʧУо˿߶
͸ɢ˵Ĺ󣻱ɫ˿ʹԭͰƤԵø
ϸۡ 
    һ˫˿㣬͸ɫ˿࿴͸ģ
ֺȳУ׽覣˳һ·ϣӹ⻬㱳ֱ
ԲȻ 
    ǰҲûмͬչʾ
ġ 
    ƾһٶѾֹ̼ˣҪСֵˣ
ӦǿңͲһ 
    軹֪ҵĲѾˣʱɳŵø߸ߵģ¶
ڡ 
    ΪΣɳϣн˫ȣ⽫תһԡ 
    񾭱̫ˣûƳ 
    Ȼû˵˼Ѿˡ 
    ȻǼ֣ûеõȷָʾ֮ǰҲóȻ֡ 
    ҧǿеҲ˵ã̲סʵ
裬ʲôѽҪû£Ҿѽ 
    ˵գҪߡ 
    æһ¡ 
    һͷɻ 
    Ե͸һ˿ɬʶҧһ´Ȼ˿
ǰչһ£˵Ľšһ£Щ㡭
һ¡ 
    ˣˣ̲סĶһ£ǿѹ˷֮У
ʵʲôʱ˵ģ 
    ǡϡ 
    Ϸ 
    ӦҪҸ˿Сŵֲ˼ȷʾֻ
˸ڡ 
    Ҳ⣬ԽԽԡ 
    ֻźɣ̲סһڿˮȻֲΡΡ˹ȥ 
    ڼ˿ʱ΢΢һ죬ӱƵĽתһ
ԡ 
    ҵڰգƬ̣ҵԸھҪʵˡ 
    ȻֻҵһСȷʵĸʷϵһ󲽡 
    ѽں˼أˡ 
    ǵ˺þҲ֣ɻĻͷǡڴʱһҧ
ַȥ 
    ҵ˿Сŵһ˲䣬紥һ㣬оһ顣 
    ɫͨ죬Ѿܵһʶһѽץס 
    ʱݷһ㣬Һεƣ໥š 
    պģɢִЩŭ 
    Ͼƽʱ̫ѹȣʱֵδµС
ڣʶĽ˿ 
    Ƭֽ֮˿һЩľ
࣬ɱԽ 
    е˵ˡ 
    ϷȥҲֻܷ㵽ˡ 
    СӦһ½ַϸ۵˿ϡ 
    ұ̧ܵͷ衣 
    ܾûнĹ۲ˣһ˫ϸֳĵۣдˮ
񣬸һֲŭĸоȴˡ 
    ıĺ촽ԼǴƵˮۼһɢ
ųŮ˵ԸϢ 
    ҵ衭̫ˡ 
    ҲҵĿʵֱ̫ӣţӱƵĽͷתһ
ԡ 
    ˿ŲоЩţѾЩ
͸ɫ˿࣬ܿ㱳ϱ 
    ò˵װϸ壬ʮֿɰԲ
ۻûһʡ 
    ޳۵ֺУ͸˿࣬Կ޼ܸɾĵֺף
Լ壺ɫָͣʮֵԸˡ 
    Ҳûż㣬˳㱳һ·ȥӨ͸
ɫ˿࣬ȹյ޳ҫ£˵Ĺ
â 
    ҵ˿ţϸỬĴУĸ
˿󼡷¶ȡ 
    ôһѾҸܵϺϵ˫ؿˡ 
    Ҳ֪˶ãһֻо˿Сֵ
Ůһ㣬ûаɳڣȻƽʱĺܺá 
    ĵһһ£ˬȴװһ
Ƶģʵ˵𣿡 
    ӺԵĲһ£ȴûлͷҲûпܣôбɳ
ϣ۾ű𴦣С˾䣺ãǺ 
    Ҽˣֱĵ˼㡣 
    סԲϸףʵ𣿡 
    貢δ˽ţȻҲ̸ˣ˵ܡҪ
һ㡣 
    ţҲš 
    ˳˿»סĹ⻬۵࣬ʵ
˰ɣ 
    ûпҵƵ˽ƴ͸ᱡɫ˿࣬
ĵӨۣԼ΢¡ 
    ִ˾䣺𣿡 
    ԭЩɬţһֱ׷ʣ̲סˣŭĵ
˵˾ޣ֪ 
    һʶҪɿ貢δųأҲ
׳һЩ 
    С˾䣺Ӧˡ 
    ȻĽƣ 
    ģɫ˿ţŪʱɳɳ
죬żǰƴСһ£ģèƵģ
ǿɰ 
    ˵ģҺ˿Сţϸϸİһ
˿Ʒڱǰ̰׵㡣 
    ϾнѵǰҲ̫ˣֻСģװڰ
š 
    ĬҵĵҲԽԽˣҲԽԽ
ָؽڵĹ⻬۵ģһ¡ 
    Ǵһ㣬µһﾹ©һ 
    ֻһ˰ӣӲİģӶ챻ˣʹ
н˫ȲŲ¶ڡ 
    ȴµĺһ㣬ɫͨ죬˿Ŵ˳
𱸵һЩôʲô 
    Īºˣ̰һ£Ǽˡ 
    վһȹ˵ˣҵĽѾöˡ 
    Ͻݿȥɡ 
    Ŷ 
    ҲԸĵ˵ͷ 
    ȥٽǰͷ侯ϸһȥ
ҪǸҳţҾ͸Ҵȡ 
    ⻰ţһ˵ģϾΪ˰ңôĴ
ۡ 
    ҵĿѾﵽˣҲûҪٴ̼ˡ 
    ֮վҲƵĳסţҳ
Ѿõԭζɫ˿࣬¿ӣڼӲϣ
ʼɿŪ 
    ŷŵĻ棬ҵ˫Ѿ˿ţ
Լһ⧲ 
    ޱǿҵ˷֮УһɹɵŨԭζ˿ 
    ôʱ䣬ڻǱҳ׵õˣȻЩᣬҲ
ôϧģϾҺĹϵѾһµ̨ףԺҲÿ
͵ԭζ˿ȹѰҹˡ 
    躰ҳ 
    һ˼Ÿʲô̬衣 
    ߳źڲ԰ڷ꣬һҳ
˾䣺Ͻϴȥ 
    ƽ壵ľͺʲô鶼ûһ 
    ҲûϾԸܹ
ֶ˵ЩԽܵġ 
    ӵģ̩ɽǰҲײµ
ʲôġ 
    ңȡһĽմմϲĳȵĲӡ 
    һֱҹڴɷȥ˯žԺﻹڻŰ
һĻĻӲķ͡ 
    ʵ̲סˣͽַйһѡ 
    ڼ䰲ŵѶϢΪʲôûҵȻûʵʵ˵ɴѹ
˦裬˵ӲҰڷ︴ϰóš 
    ŵҲû˵ʲôֻǻ˸Ŷ֣оǺܺá 
    ҵĿѾﵽˣҲûйˡ 
    һʱָֻ˹Աģʽøʲô͸ʲô
ϣɱֵñȽϵ䣬ʲô鶼˹ģûʲô顣 
    ˵һЩǷϵ˵ֱһ㣬ǱȽɥ 
    ȻⶼҹΪ֮ģҲΪֻһ˿Сţ
ҾˣҾˡ 
    һ棬ķӦЩ⣬ǲһ
ʼջҵԺС 
    ˵Ը񣬾˿СţҲܹⷢ
˵ġ 
    ôϸһ£ҵʱЩʲô 
    ָؽڵĴѹܿǴĳѨλϣ
鲻Խķһ 
    ֮ұѧϰ֮࣬ʼơĦԼѨѨλ֪ʶ 
    ⷽϢһѣƺҲûʲôѧģվƵֻ
ҪЩ׵ķλñˣܿġ 
    ΨһȱٵֵĶ϶ǲеˣͬѧЩ̫
˼ܲȴһˣ˵٣ǣװĦѵġ 
    Ϊ¶ʱ򣬻ͻȻˡ 
    ڶڿ¿Σμʱ¥ߣȻ¥ݹս
һɧǰһƣֻʦ˵ϣŽüͷ壬
ΧһȺѧΧţӼΪǱ 
    ԱһŮʵ˭ʦƵģվ˵˶ٱˣ
¥֣ôô 
    ʦԱߵһŮ˵ˣûʲô󰭡 
    ǸϽȥɡ 
    ô˵һ˻һӱ
Щ۵ġ 
    ŮҪʦذ칫ңʦڰ֣ˡ 
    Ҽ龰ɵ֮һϲⲻֵĴʱæǰ
Ůһԣָʦĸ첲һ˵ɣ
ŮСһȣٸˤˡ 
    ѧУĻԾӣ϶ʶͬ꼶Ů 
    ŮЦŵ٩䣬ת¥ȥˡ 
    ҷʦߣʦһѣ˵òԼ
СҲϽ¥ȥɡǰƲ㣬ָѵˡ 
    ҷɡһ˻ȥҲġ 
    ȻʱҸʦҲȽˣ⻰˵ģЩ
 
    ʦƳһۣ첲һ˦ҪҵĲ 
    Խ˦ңҾԽʹﻹţҶٸˤ
ˡ 
    ʦŤңҷţһȳһյĻص˰칫 
    еʦѧȥˣ԰칫ҿһˡ 
    ʦصԼλϣ˵ˣҲȥɡ 
    ˤϲѽҪȥҽҿɣ 
    ʦƽ˵û£һ½ţûʲô˵ġ 
    4.9 
    ˽£ɴСǼһ°ɡ 
    ˵ţҶӣҽſȥȻҽ
ɷ˵ĽɫƽƤЬ 
     
    ʦһʲôأ 
    д⴫ҾŻǿһ°ɡ 
    ҸԵĻᣬ㣬ҵĴϣһ
ĵͷ鿴 
    ʦ촩ɫĶ࣬볤Ͳ˿ȣʵһĹ⻬
ᱡ͸ƤΪһ壬ϸ濴 
    Ψڴѩϸļ˿΢ݣ 
    ò˵ʦļĺܰףɫ˿ѹڲסǷݰ壬
ģˮģ͸ŷۡ 
    ﲻĽŶԱθ
ʦĸԲһЩֺӨ󣬱Ƚ޳ԸУ
ʦԵСɿɰһЩƤǳϸ͸죬Ө͸
ʦƤİףİף֮ʱһˡ 
    ҲǵڱЬӣʦԵúǾȣ۵ϸһĨ
Σŵҿ˿ȷûˣСûûСġ 
    ˵ţһѣҪȥЬӡ 
    ȴΪ˫İ㣬˵Сĵ㣬˵Ŀ
ᣬЩˡ 
    ʦץŽѾûѣЩţס̧ͷ⿴
ͻȻ˽ζһĻ 
    Ҽװ֪ӣףִӽ״ʼһ·
Ȼɫ˿ѩСѾϣﻹһ
˵ţʦģҿרҵġ˽ţԡ 
    ô˵ʵҲûס 
    ϾֻǸƵѧһЩûоʵս顣 
    ʦĽҲرأûԵף
 
    ҲƤЬ͸Ͽվʱ̫õԵʣʦĽѾ˿һ
˿壵ƤζֵĺζȴһҲţʮֵĴ̼
񾭣˸еһĪ˷ܡ 
    ĥһνʱʦ̲סˣһѽ˿
˹ȻҵԴƿѵ߿߿ʲô
ӣѿˡ 
    ҲЩ̫ļˣۿʦ˲˿࣬ŻŵĽЬ
ӴϣʱˣЩڡ 
    Ҫҷȥҽҿһ°ɡ 
    ˣȥɡ 
    ʦһЩɢҵķ˿ĵĶر
ˡ 
    һ˵Щʲôôȥ»ʦķУ
һкת뿪˰칫ҡ 
    һ磬ʦֻѩ۵˿СţҵԺﲻͣػ 
    Ҳ֪ΪʲôǲԾĽһȽϣĪ
ĴϣܵĴڡ 
    һֱѧźУȥ 
    ھҽʱƼʦ˳ 
    һҩǽŽż⣬Щʹࡣ 
    Ҳû룬æǰȥַסĸ첲 
    ʦһңԵЩ⣬ʵѧ˲ؼңϹת
ʲôأ 
    Ц˵ⲻ׼ؼأǡÿʦҷɡ 
    á 
    ʦ첲һҪѿѹûиᣬӲ
ǰߣЦ˵ȥɡӣͦĵġ 
    һòһСƨӵġ 
    ô˵ʦȴûٿܣҷУߡ 
    ʦҾԭǸСѧУԶ 
    ûһ͵ˡ 
    һ·ϣû˵һ仰 
    ֱСţʦſңôû㳿ˣ 
    ѧϰÿ˯ 
    Ťͷһۣʵڼֳ𣿡 
    š 
    ʦ˵ͷȻ̲סЦԳҲû뵽Լܼ
 
    ͦõģ¿ͷѡһͦģܹ֮Ժ㡣ң
ɹġ 
    ҲûС㣬֪ʱţ𣿡 
    Ұؼסˡ 
    ȥˣ 
    ʦһЦ˵ûҰ㲹ϰӢˣ
ؼסˡػصģʲô 
    ˣĶѽǶģסҾס
һȥҾͻȥ 
    ĬƬ̣ʦ̾Ҳǹղ׵ġ 
    ǡôĻ쵰ӣȷʵͦ׵ģƵģ
ĸˡ 
    ҵͷӦ͵ 
    ֪ͺáθ߿ҪȫԸȡһôѧٹϣ
ˡ 
    ǣһһ 
    ˵䣬ʦǰ 
    ˵һס˼£ǵһεţ֪Ϲڲڼңô
ʱˣûϹء 
    ʦҵķ͸һҾ߰ǳ¾Щͦɾġ 
    һԸԱصĽʦͥ˵ʵ֪ΪΣܾ
ֲЭĸоɾʲôطȴ˵ 
    ҷʦڴȻվһԣһ
ԵĿ 
    ʦϡһ̾Ьһ룬ȻʶҵĴڣ
̧ͷ˵ˣллˡϽؼȥɣҪָõˡ 
    ֲСˣؼҲˡ 
    㶪żҡ 
    ʦЩ񣬿ȫµĸף߶
ɡ 
    ҲǵʱĽţҪɣ 
    ʦף˵ȥҽңʦſ˿ûʲ
ô¡һҩͺˡ 
    վŲǿһ飺û£Ͻȥɡ 
    Ҳģ˵ʦһе㲻ġưɡ 
    ʦʧЦʦ˵ûˣʲôĵģ 
    Ҳ˵˽ŤˣҸ˵ʦҪרҵһЩϾǼ
洫ƵŤ˵ġ 
    㣿 
    ʦĿңЦεŤˣ 
    ıѹͲҵĹ 
    ҲЩ飬ղſȷʵеˡ 
    ʦĽſûʲô£ʦҲˣⲻ 
    ұЦ˵ֲҽûǱ£үүרҵġҸ
үүѧЩðĦļѪ 
    ʦŽɵĿңԥƬ̣˵ˣҲû£
鷳ˡϽȥɡ 
    ǧѵûᣬôܴء 
    ҼƻԾ֪ˣҵַܺõġҾ
Ħر 
    װĦ 
    ʦɴ۾ҡ 
    ǰҼܲġһԾ֪ˡ 
    ҼʦƺЩĶˣЩɣŵĶ˫
ץҽţ̧ȻɷɿѵЬӡ 
    ͻľٶѾǵڶˡ 
    ʦûӦһ˫ֳڴϣ
Сʲôأ 
    סʦɫ˿ѩСţƵѧ֪ʶ
Ħ 
    ֣֣˻ 
    ֮ʱʦͻȻһ˵

ĸϹ4.10 ߣӰ

֣֣˻~~
ʦֽƿȴüͷһＷһİ
ҽʦ˿СĴָָڽ۵ĽĴɫ˿ת
ʦӱܵһϱȫԱܷӦ龰ﲻɵһ֣û뵽ʻ츳ѽûôʼ͸ʦо˿ɲʲôоΪʦԼѧסŵףǺܿܵûҽַȫʩչŴ˳С˵ˣ֪˵ˡʦҪæ
ЩδʦƤͱЬһ½ŵѾˣټȥƾˣðҺȥˡ
һ£ȥˮϴһëȻ۷ӣ־ȥץʦСʦܵĽŵʵָ
һĻش˽֮Ҫһ£ֹܿʹסȰ
ʦţæˣԼɡ˵գɫ˿ҽץסᣬٶס۵ĽѾٵؽëȥ
ʦһ̧ͷʵôˣ𣿡
ʦɫһ죬ε˵ǡϹõë
Ц˵~һΪʲôءûϵŷһ½ţҲûʲô˵ġ
һڣ͸оЩˡ
Ϊ˲ΣҲʰͷʦͷë˹ȥ
ʦһ£ֽë˹˵ˣԼɡ½ţֲ̱ڴܶˡڲϽԷȥɡ
Ѿ˼ˣЩˡ
к֮ұ뿪ʦѧУʳó緹ʱһֱ˼Ÿղŵ飬е̫ˣûļַء
ϻؼ֮ڳ
վſڣǷԸеıӰЩټʦŪһӵаȴòϲµģЩԴǴ֮ѾȥöˣڼҲҹ̸ģıƺҲû̫𣬸оʱӦҲ˰ɡ
Һ˼֮ʱ轫ת˹վſڣЩ⣬ʵҲһվſǧʲôأ
һЦڻζͯꡣ
ζͯꣿ
Ȼû˵Щʲô
ҽ͵ǵСѧʱÿηѧؼңҪܵſڣһ裬Ҷˡ
̾˿ЦСʱɱˡ
Ц˵Ϊڡ
衮ߡһⲻڣҿǷڲŶԡ߰¡
˵գƺҲ˵Щףһػ˵óȥϴ׼Է
ĥţ̬ȣҲ˵ʲôоô˵أЩĲ鲻Ը޿κΡ
ҲͰɣڸ߿֮ǰٽ֦˿ҵ뷨ȷģ߿ǰʱ䣬ǾʤܵĹؼҪǰԵΨһĻᡣ
ɳϣͷֻ
ڿػص߶ţĥĥľǲϻݣĥŸοڡ
ǱһεĲͷˣ̧ͷʵȥʲôأĥأ
һۣ뷴ʲô˼ҲҲûҪҴ˸ɴֱ˵˵ˡ
ûʲô£ɢȻװȻʲôӣŤͷʵˣĽźõ𣿡
һ漴Ӧ֪ҵ֮⣬ޱ˵˾䣺Ѿöˡ
Ҫٰٰɡһ˵ţһߴ˹ȥߵ
бңɫ䣬Ҳ֪ЩʲôĬãȻվȥ
ΪˣҪڣȴ˵˾䣺ȵһ¡
Էűһϲ
ɳϣҵȣðż˳ϵ·ҲɿɵļҾӷɺɫСӼϥһխȹϴᱡ͸ɫ˿ࡣ
ߵҵǰʶһȻԸе˿СŴЬ˳ɳϡ
Լģ̰ǰ޳ȣɫ˿İ£ԵǰľӨԲ᜕ϸ壬˸Ը˵Ĺ
ҹĵʵĽŻ𣿡
ԥһ£ŵϷݣޱ˵Ǻˡ
ǾͺáǲܵģҲ̫ģǰɡ
ʦ˵˽ţΪΣҵĽڡҲͲˣס˿ţĴָָϸ۵ĴŹ⻬ϸɫ˿࣬١
û뵽Ҷô죬Щ⧲һܵҪء
׼סСţ˵תע裬ĽȻԺתҪСΪûлϸĺγϰ˽ŵġ⼸£˽ţҾѾⷽˡ
һ˵ǣƳһۣЩм
ϴεĽѵָذѹ󣬲̫̼裬ûˡΪǵһˣȻЩܵĿܣûϴôнӲˣֻǽͷתһԣⲻҵĿԡ
ұװĦһ˵ţԴٽѪҺѭ񾭣ѹ裬ÿϰ۵ģƽʱҲĲԺҪҪĦĦ
ͻȻ˾䣺òġҪĻúѧϰʲôѹûˡ
Ȼġڶһֱѧϰѽ
ҵͷӦͣŻתҾſͷϵĹģʵЩ顣Űÿ°Ұţһ£ǲǺ
һû˵꣬µŤͷʵţ
æ̫࣬ҾĦĦһ£˯þȻڶȫĵͶ뵽֮СϾǼھһ֧ţҪ۵ˣҺͱ˭Ҫ㻨Ǯѽ
ֿʼǰɣһɣôߣʲôΪҲ֪ʲôĦ˻~ѽ~~~
軰˵һ룬ĴָסĽŵѨ࣬üҧ̲סһͬʱһɳϡ
Ц˵裬ɱСң⼼ɲǸǵġֻҪԹһΣ⡣
۾ЦеĿ裬ϹһҲָ˿󣬸⻬ϸ崥УڣͣѾ߸߲𡣵ȴ
üͷ΢ճ죬ƺǸܵҵַʶҧһ촽ɻʵǴĶѧģ
Ц˵˵ҰһλΪʦ
ʦ
ԣʦʦɽ£ϰôС֣黨ָָ죬ַһʡǵڵĽưĦʦ
۾ɣٸҹѧİɣ
һ漴ЦǺǵ˵裬ˣܲµ
ɵҲܲµĵ˵С쵽ϹĥʲôأúѧϰѧЩ߰ĶģһѧһѧĦûе㡭ѽ~~~
ҲС΢ôЩǵü⡣
Ҹæ־Цһ㣬Ǹô
˭˵ԽԽģԽֻԽۣۣ㶮ưĦʦΪҪżſͻȥƣⷽľȻҶࡣ
ԥһ£ɿ˿ţ˵š
Ȼת䣬һˮɻʵʲô
źϷүݽŰ
ҽϴɳԣЦ˵Сʱдʱ;джĸףϴšдôأûһġ
Ҳ֪ЩѣԳˡ
Сʱ򲻶¶ⲻǶŵ
˵ţץס˿Сţˮﰴ
һų˻𱸵ëĶ˴ϴŵģ
ŷӦЦһţ˵ҹҡ.Ұɡ
˵գҪɫ˿׼֣贩࣬ڴѣѲġ
Ҵһ£ȣ˳˿ȵ
һ£˵ǧʲôأ
Ұѽװί˵
òšһۣúõϴʲôţ
һ°ɡһˡ
˵ţȹȥ
ۿҵ־Ҫȥˣһץס˦һߣȻҵԴһ£𣺡СûûСģĶأõط𣿡
ΪƳʵͦģݷֻصһǰʱ򾭳ûûСĺš
ҺȻķΧͬΪԡһһʱĪĴ
һǳ⣬ְصʵˡ
˲䣬ԴҲСֹСѧдְġǰĶ˿࣬ҪôࡣһСѧ˿Ҳֵͦİ
һʵЩҲдȥˣ
һ£˰죬Ҳ벻ˡ
ɣʱϾͻСҲ࣬ܿʲôдʲôˡ
˵ʱдǣҰ˿Ȼٸϴš
šôЩдأʱҶ֪˿ʲôء
ؿۣЦ˵˭ѽСɫһҲ֪ϱʲôôôСɫרҡ
ҺٺЦҲ֪Լϱ˶£ȻôƵ衣
ƶ찡
ҼüͷչЦŴߵϽɡĥȥˮҪˡ

4.11 ߣӰ
ޱĶңҲû˵
ҸҪڣȻʶʲôת˹ȥ衣
Ƭ̺󣬱һϤϤɫƷխȹˡĻ棬ԾسҵԺ֮С
խȹԲ΢΢𣬽ɫ˿࣬һ޳Ҿ͸о죬Ϯ˺һû˵׼ѯʣһˮ
ŤͷȥֻɳϣϸСѾû˿İƤ׵ˣһ˫ӨѾˮ֮С
ҼˣôԼˣ
跴ʵôˮΪ˸ݽŵô
ǡǡѽ
ˣݸһѽ
岻һ͸һĸ°ؼңӸˮȻϴţжĲСЧܳ
Ƴһۣ˭ĸף
ǡҲ˵ϣǡ˼˵ࡣ
üͷ壺ôԽԽڷأ
̫ˡҳûӣɷ˵Ľˮ˫ץס˰شŪ
˫زһ£죬ȴҲû˵ʲôɶʧԲ㱳Өϸ壬͸ԺĿɫĽŽԼϸ΢ѪܣֺཱུģֵʮֵãԲ󣬳ŮķۺɫûСֵӲʡʮֵã˿СȣһָоˡҶֻСŷֱ˰Ħ㱳ģظоСЩˡ
̧ͷЦʵˣоΣ
ͷңšһַЩ裬Ҳջ
ҪҪټӸѽ
һɣͷһ£Ķѧ߰Ķ
æͷСֹ˾䣺˺ѽСˡ
ûסЦһȻʵ⵽źĸϴأ׬أôշѵģ
ҺٺɵЦСʱɼ񣬲Ƕ㻨Ǯ𣿡
ЦƭǮˡСʱûŪңɨأɨ㣬ӦˡˣТ˳ˣԼɡ
˵ţҡ
æЦҪǮҪǮҰϴɣҪҲ㻨Ǯô
û˵ǹ΢Цͷҡ
Ҳû˵˫ӨСţϸİĦŹһ󣬾һ̾˵ҪʵТ˳裬ǸжðҲ뱲ӣˡ
ѿڶҺТ˳ѽʵТ˳ѽ
~һǰ湻Т˳ѽСТӣ
֪Ϊʲôһое㷢̡
Ȼʲô˼һУΪԼˡ֪ԼǸТӣǸ쵰ûǴĻҶֻڻ֮С
װ׵ķˣľѳۣ˭޷ϵġ
ȻͽɵĵߣѾ˹ȥΪʲôܼǰأҵں˼ţϵĶͣ
ͷңʵʲôأ
룬°뱲ӿĵأ
ٴμˡרĸϰһôѧ͹ҿĵĹϼˡ
Ȼءģҿ϶ƴȫԸ߿ġֻʱ밡һ֮ڷôıʣҪǷһŮϣͱѹˡڻЦóȫƾ߿һ¸š߿֮أһʧȥ˾֧ҲĲˡ
һҲϷʵЦݣ˵Сô룬˵Ĺ衣ҲûôֻҪרĵӦԸ߿Ϳˡ㿼ˣòҲˣǻб𣿡
ЦЦҲ԰б
ĬΣʵĲõ𣿡
ҲͳҵĲѾˣҺüʱס
ҹͷͷɥ˵Щתǲ̫ԡ
迴ңû˵Ĭ֮˵Ҳ㣬ǡ֪ġǡ
ҼֹȻѾ˶ҡǹǵ΢Ц˵ûϵģԼ취ˡ
ʲô취üͷʵѲɻҪҰŵæ
ҵͷȲϣҲϡ
輱ˣʣСǲǹҵģ
ûСҿҡͷϡ
˵費ɵӣСϷ˭ѽ
ҵͷ˵
˵ĶԣС˼ҲûָסĶƣαزҴأģѾܳʱûҰŵˡ˵İ취Ҳŵûϵ
ʲô취Щģ׷ʡ
Ҳ˵ҵͷ˫ӨСţš
ߵЦ⵨Ӵģ춼ͱʲô˵ġ˵
Ҳðͷ˵ˮˣҪҸˮɡ
轫ŴˮҸæ׼õëǰȥСѾϸĲˮ
ٸתƻ⡣貢ûоܾҵķ񣬵ɲͣ׷
˵ˣɱ
˵
ӦҲ˵
ĵ㣬ΪҲ𣿡һ˵ãҲ˵ɡ
̧۾޾׵ӣȻĿƶͣʵķϴ
ԸоȵĿ⣬촽΢΢ؾ֪ǿŭ⣬Щ˼
ԥƬ̣һ˵ʵԡ
΢еķĿ˲ȻǸеȣʵʲôС
ҲղһΪ˵һЩҪû뵽һһת˱ϣɾۣһСģҾ͵ð
ԡְҡСֹ˾䡣
Ӧ䣬һžһϺݺݵһơ
۾죬ϢĿأŭңͳ˵RСѾܶˣҪǸҴ򱱱⣬ҾͰ¥ȥ
ҲҪ򱱱⣬ۼ鱩ŭЩ־壬װίӣ˵ҡһ˵˵ˣѾӦˣ˵ʲôġ
Ϊ衭˵һ룬ͻȻͣ
Ƭ֮ɳһ̾ϢСҪˡˣ˵ɣ
ָ֪İϷеԱ˼ˡ۾һб̲ס鴤һ£ҪЦǱ˻ȥѾϲҪװͷɥӣðֹ˵ϲϣʵרǼŮҽŮʿϵִ̼.Ǹ
ĿԲһԲҸоЩշѾߵһˣԲǰ
ǰʱ䣬½ңûʲôӦҾðŵңûʲôӦȻ󡭾·֮󣬾е㡭תˡԽ˵ԽСʱ̧۾͵͵衣ֻ纮˪Աһŭûй
ûм˵Ϊ˼ѾˣͿʲôӦˣʱƵַ̫Ч
һĳš
벻ɣڴһˡƵģоÿӶޱҼ尾
֮Ȼ̾˿
һ̾Ϣŵ˲ˣ
СϱǷġЦЩΡ
Ҳϱӻ̫ࡣղŵĶԻظһ
Ȼȥɡ農һ¡
Ҽ迿ɳϣ۾ûж˵صŵһͻ߽ңһĪ˲䲪
ˣˣҵĲѾˡҪǵȻҵļӲģǴӳҲɡ
Ϊ˵ȡ²¶ڣҽŷסȻѵӣסѲŵһΪҷɿߣ
ΪҵĿľΪ˾췢йûп̶ټﱾͼܿ˳侫ûǸ߸ߵš
еżˣֻҪͨˣʱġ
УұҪƽһ¼ǡ
żֻ֮࣬һ״䣬ڴϣһߴһ߶ţľ󡭡ⷨӸûаãԽҪӾԽǸԣʹĻӣѹ;
ʱȻ
һ漴Ӧͨˡ跴ڣ˲ö룬æܹȥŴ򿪡
վ⣬һɻңʵǧʲô
ȻĴ䣬üͷһ壺ʲôأ
Ҳ֪ô£Ǳһ°ɣոһֱȻԼ˻ȥ
4.12 
    ֮ԭЩţֻŵĴɻ
ʲôأ 
    Ҳ֪θֻͣøæתֻصȻվڴߣ
ɵĿ衣Һò֪ʲôԭ򣬼ĪƣҪ
ʱ򽫿ɳŵĹĹҵģǾˡ 
    ɴźɫƷװƽͦûжٻΣȴʮֵ
ˣɫһȹβĽԲ˸еǣ
Ȼ´˫͸ɫ˿࣬һϰʱŵ˫
ɫƤϸ߸Ь 
    ҵ࡮ֹͨͨôšΪﶼ
һ½Ҫ飬ԷڵķΧЩ죬˭Ҳû˵ 
    ã˹ڴ˿˵С
ҪףڰβﲻҪ뷨𣿡 
    ȻȴЩƲֻ˰֣ܵ
һʶĴţȻЩ 
    æͷ˵ף֪趼ΪҺá 
    󷿼һļž 
    ֮СŴΣһ
˵裬ҽȷʵͦŬģӦҲˡڵĳɼ
ʡص㣬ʵûʲôģһҪȡһ¡űô 
    ҵѧһŤͷʵ 
    š 
    ôͻȻҪˣʵ 
    ǹҪעĵطȥģһ
ôһ˵ȷʵͦҵѧϰģһҪ˴˾
ĿҲǴﵽˡ 
    ҡҰ֣Ǳ̱ҵʵҴСȥ
У԰һһֱҲûлᡣҾţܲŬŬȡ
أ⻰١ҹһ£Ȼڴʵ裬
ϣ𣿡 
    趢Ƭ̣ʵ뿼̣ 
    ġҵʮֵϣĵ˵ͷ 
    Ƭ̣˵Ҳұ֤ٷ֮ܿϡҪ
Ŭĳһ£ǰٷְ֧ġ 
    šҵ˵ͷװһ˼ӡ漴üͷһ壬˵
ҪȫԸӦԸ߿ǡⲡʼһĲҲûо
 
    ǳ鴤һ£֪ǲƳҵİϷĬƬ֮
̾˿ʵ㵽Ҫ 
    ҾκҵĲȻȫĵԸ߿ 
    ܰκã 
    Ҳҿ϶Ҿſһԡ 
    һĬ֮¶˾ģޱĶ˵
ôɡ 
    ⻰Ҿǵõּܲһ㣬ĵòļͶ
һ¡æһסʱǧܲѽҪ
ȻôʱŬȫ׷ˡ 
    ˵ﻰۿʤǰˣҷЩָоܲ
ʵһ㣬Һһۣξˣǰһȫɢˡ 
    ϸķӦӦñһҪšԥ֮һҧ
ڽ˹ȥطֱϣȻץ˹ 
    ĸ첲ЩӲֻʶսȭͷȴδѡ
Ȼ֣ȴԾСǣС֣ķŵҵĿϷ 
    ƺǸܵ˸ܵ˫֮ǹ֮͵һ̧
ҪѿһС֣һֽͬ
ڿ㣬һͬ¶ѾԲ 
    æͷŤһߣӽӲСֽճȭôҲſ
ѹȴҰϾڽֲ֮ʱҺȻһ
һֻŵ֣Ҹ²λᰴһ¡ 
    ˲йһ㣬ϡһС˲ſץסʱʹ
һѹѩСְҵļϡ 
    ۵Ĵͷһ˲䣬Ҿ˲һ㣬
һ£һӱͻ͵ϮЩĵңϴ
Ĵʶʲôŭ糺죬Ҫֳء 
    ˣĿϷŹǧѷĻᣬʮȫƴ
ְҵ˫֮䡣Ľżͦһȭ
֮£ֻܾſƣҽϾ 
    ķǳȣʪһ㱡ϸǹڽŵ
Եʣ貢δʶҵļѾȫ״̬ˣӲһ
𣬿ʮֵɲ 
    ӽӲСתһԣӵĺδӶһֱ쵽
ҲǣȻԸҾǿϾкŮˣһ
ӵĸףΪ飬۳ʲôԭ򣬶޷ܵġ 
    Ƭ̲֮סˣ˫һСм£
ָܽӲȻЩܣս֮СȻûû
ô棬ڴϸĴоѾ˷Īˡ 
    Ҳ˲ôˣץסСֿʼŪһ
˺þòŻ˳Ӳ֮£һһġ
ϸԽԽ࣬󻬵ãŪԽȻ˳ 
    ͬʱҵ߲˫ȼ˹ȥխȹ˿
˳˿ȣҺȥһѣ´ݾߣ辯 
    ҾôС֣ŴӲͦŪšȻո
Ѿйһ𣬵۵Сҵļͣ
ϻϣ̫̼ˣоϮ 
    ҧǿ֮ʱȻͷת˹Ȼعһ
ȵҡұܵĸо˲ӿߣٶȣ軹ǿʼ
ҵ첲ƴգջǽ˻ 
    ۿ߳Ҫˣʱ边ȻɿǵڰУϲµ
оʵڽͣͺֻƺֱҪ
С 
    ҿͰ͵Ŀ衣סᴭ
òŭʵСô£ 
    ҵȻ֪ʲô˼ȴãȻһƵʵʲʲô
ô£ 
    㡭ĿԲߺΣòűһ仰Ĳ
Ǻô 
    ҼװƬ̣ȻȻ״ҡҵĲˣҵĲ
ˣ 
    ûУҡҡ֧˰죬ϲҵĲˣҵĲ
ĺˣ̫ˣ 
    ŭĵң͵վˤŶȥȥʱŭ
ӰҴ˰죬һţ̾һԼסæ˰
죬Ǹˡ 
    ûеõйʮܣȹϵһת
תȥ֮⣬ĵľǣһ£ҪǶǿɾ
ǰ군ˡ 
    ڼ尾й˺þãмĵţ͵͵ؿһ£ڿ
ɳϣбſֵգһ 
    Ҫǰ˵̽һ¿ڷ磬ȴֲóȻǰԥ˺ð죬
¶˾ģˣ 
    ϢߵԣС˵˾䣺裬 
    ͷҲ̧˵ 
    Ķŭˣʱôˡ
ߣüΪϵ˵裬ˡҲƭģ
ǡģҲû뵽ôһӾ͸κˡҪ֪
㡭 
    Ťͷңʵʲôѽ 
    üҵ˼Ҫκ˲ܾͶ뵽
ˣǰɡ 
    Ͻҹȥһ۶뿴㡣 
    һͣȴĿӲı˻ȥֻ֮
ص侲֮ϸϸ룬̬ȺҲûôľ
벻ϴ֮ŭҲ֪ǲҵĴһ
˵ĸоڷŭ 
    ĻǻлءߣŬôãô
Ҫ۾ˣҲ̫Ϸˡ 
    ҹڴϣ˼ȥﲻֻǹ⻬ϸ
С֣żͣΪζˡϣϣǸо
̫̼ˡټұòϲ£ʵܣֱڣ
ǻ͡ʵ̲סˣһ߻ζʴǵĸ
һο 
    Һһ˲䣬ҷ·õ˽һ㣬ЩʣҪ
ŪǸʲôĸоѽ 
     
    ֮ûټװˣҵֱ̬ˣÿ
ѧѧк͸ûһҰġ
ڿɳϣӡֻѧϰϵ£ƺҲôˡ 
    ֪ʱԲܷɣһҪӰѾŬѧϰǡȻ
Ѿκˣʱѧϰɼ½˵ȥˡ 
    ֿʼ̰ڵˢģʽϸ룬߿ʱҲûʣ
ˣٲŬˣҪٿˣⱲӾҪ
˵ݰˡ 
    ÿôҹʱ䳤ˣҲȷʵЩסÿ춥źȦ
ȥġѧҲӣѾǱȽ͵һˡ
ҵ̬ȣҲǿģҲĮģʱʱ
һЩƷʱܴۺͲ 
    һʱļŬһοȡ꼶ǰĺ
ɼõɼԼһ֪󣬸̲סеϲ
ãǸһĨ΢¶δЦݡ 
    ָֻܿǸޱ顢˪ӣ˵
˵ܴҪŬĻ廪Ҳûϣġ 
    װһĽܵӣʵʵĵͷţһϵ
ҡϣܿϱ𣿡 
    ûϻش𣬳˼Ƭ̣ҡͷҲû˵
ڵĳɼЩѵġӰѾĻϣġǰЩӣ
ǰͬѧ˽һУ⼸¼ȡߡӢɼǸ
⣬Ҫߡ 
    šӦŵ˵ͷҲ˽ˣھ߿֮ǰٶ
һӢʦҡ 
    бһۣʦҪΪô߿ʱ䵥һ
˰ 
    ʦӦҪҵġ 
    趢ңЩأȻʵС£Ҫ
ʵش𡣡 
    ţ 
    㡭ûʦβ 
    ͵һ֪ʲôˣΪʲôͻȻ¶
˺һӣεǼװģȷʵûôش 
    ˵ʵûУ 
    Ϊûϻشľҹͷװһ
ӣ֧֧˰죬˵ûС 
    ûУ 
    ûС 
    Ĳƣﾹ̲סһ˿ϲӽʦ
ᣬⲻҪĽ𣿱Ͼ̫˽ˣ֪
ʲôңҲ̫˽ˡ 
    ûм׷ʣ˰죬˵˾䣺ˣݸϰȥɡ 
    ҴӦһʱ۾ĳڴһۡ
ҸƵģ㴩ſɵļҾӷҲ۵ýءһ˫ʵ
̫ؿڴϳŵùĹĵġʱΪͷԵʣҲû
ⷽ롣һɣǹȾˡ 
    ص֮ǰϸ˼һ£о̬Ѿ
ɶˣҸ߿ԽԽҵʱ䣬ѾˡҪǣ
еﲻסˡ 
    ǣҪʱԣһǵˣǹǾͲǰô
ˡ 
    ԥԥһҹҲûȻһֱ˵ڶϣ
ڿɳֻ˫ɳϵĹ⻬۵Сţ
ʮһȣҲôˣðһ
ԡ 
    һۣʵݿ飬
ʲô 
    ššҺߺ˰죬Ҳ֪οڡЩ
ͷˣʵʲôѽ 
    šм£֪ô˵ 
    ңҪ֪ô˵ðϣ˵ 
    һ仰͸ҭ˻ȥԽô˵ҷԥˣͷ
Сĺһ衣 
    Ҳ̫˽ˣ⸱ģƺǲµ˵ʲôˣϱ
˲ʧƺ۾˾裬ʵʲô 
    Ǹǰ½żٻ 
    ֪ôˣ 
    ҲˣҾǸѧϰѹȽϴҪһ¡
ǡüͷһ壬¶һɬεı飺ҷ֣һǡû취 
    û취ʲô豾ֱӣǸԼһεĻܣ
ɳĿҡ 
    ûСûû취𡣡һ˵һҡͷһüӣ
ʱط֮ 
    û˵ޱĵңڵҼ˵ȥ 
    ̧۾͵͵ĬΣ˵ɡͿ
ûȫκáٰæһ¡Խ˵ԽС˵
ѾҪˡ 
    һĳţ·סһ㡣ҵ࡮ͨͨ
ֹͺڵȴŷͥһ㣬˽ǡһֱû˵
ôĿҡãȻСϴûд㣬ǲ
Ƥܣ 
    ǡҡǡ 
    ʲôѽϴƭһΣûƽϡҲ
ֻ߷߻ˣѰҳɴӵϼЬ
סҵĲӣҺĴ 
    Ϊϴε飬һ̵ֱ˽죬ڵõᷢй
ˡ۵ġϡֱУңȴδġ
ͣŭʵô˵ѽ 
    ҧһԡ轫ЬһˤڴڵĴŴ
ңǰɣ 
    ûУҽüͷڳһίģ˵
ǡ裬һΣһ¾ͺˡǡûȫκáҾ룬
ŻᣬһѲκˣҲȫġ 
    ȥҰѻ˵꣬㽿ǵ˵
˵С˺죡 
    ֪ûϷˣĲ鲻ԸվĻص
һһҲûио١̬
Ǳˣ˵ϣڵġͷȥ֮󣬲
ˣǺҲǿధ֮а취ġ
ͷҲİҴз˰ɣҿǻø߿ġ 
    ƣҶЩ޿֡ҲûϷƣ
֮±˴ͷɥ־ӡ緹ʱ
Դͣİ̾ 
    ֪װģҲ֪֪װġҪʲôһ
ûдң±ǸӣҲûм 
    ô죬ҸоŭѾ˲٣ڳʱٶ
Ҫ轫Ŀϣ׺ݵĵңҲ
˵ؿԿ 
    Ҳûָһξܳɹ˵֮ҾϵͷԷȻ
һͷɥӡ˵ 
    ÿ죬ҾͶһβ£һҾ͸
ͷ¡ôػص˼Σ˵ˣҶԼе̫
Ҫˡ 
    һֱ壬ż٣ѧУҪһٷʢͣ
ġǰһҸոոҪ󣬰˵ҪĻȥ֮
ټġѧؼң˼죬ȻǸû
ᣬߵ˳ſڡ 
    ŷţڳæšҲ֪ΪΣ边Ȼһ
黨ȹȻխȹǰԲΣȴɽģͦˡټ
ϵɫ˿̲࣬סһڿˮ 
    Ϣ˹ȥСһ衣 
    ԱһŤͷңü΢΢һ𱸵
ѽ·һҲûС 
    ˵꣬תȥвˡҵͷ˿ȣԼǰ
黨ȹڵĻԲΣҲ֪ĵӣַȥ 
    4.13 
    Ҳ֪ĶĵӣҾȻʹĽַƨϣ
ȹĲϣܸоεĵ̡ͦ 
    ԵĲһ£Ȼ͵תĿҡ
û뵽ô󵨣ȻĿŵĶֶšֲָͣˣ
ֱʱ֪£Ŀ衣 
    ͻȻʶﻹŲ˵أʢŭ֮£òһҸ
˰ɣǻڵġô˼֮
ֶ̧ҵԴһʹұͷܣģ򣡻Ҫ
أ˾ˡ 
    һ⻰ȻٴԴˣýƨˡĹ
̣ײϣˮˤڵϣһ죬򣬱
 
    ôˣôˣ״ʵ 
    ʱ֣ͣû˵˾䣺û¶ȥ 
    ȴץס˾һ㣬æ˹ȥڱұ
Żᣬűһͬ뿪Ƿ֮أȻðһͷ
һĶԱ˵Ҹ̸£һȥ
˵գһãȻ֮£ְסСԴ˳ȥȻ顯
һ˷š 
    Ҳҵһٶˣһʱ侹˶ִңƬ֮
˳ֳӣ̧Ҵ˹æ㣬ѹĵ裬
ϢŭҴˣҲˣ 
    費Ϊһŭ׷ŴҡҲû룬˵
ءٰѱˣ˵ˡ 
    бͺǣǿҲ֪ôģȻͣ
ǱʶΪ¼ˣԲ֪ԼŮ 
    Ҽʱ֣ͣû˹ȥЦ˵裬ŭ˸Ρ 
    Զ㣡һ˵һ룬ͱָ̧ңǳ⡣֮
£ֻϢأðһŭص
ңҧ˵С˱ӵǲ 
    ⻰˵ãԣĶѽ 
    㣡üһŭǣܺЦ𣿡 
    æЦϣηηĿ 
    ԽԽ޷ˣǶ̫ˣҪٲ㣬
åСˡ 
    ü˵̫ˣ˵ҺϾҪٹһ 
    б۾Ƭ̣ĵ˵˾䣺ȥȻ
ӣصˤ˳̨ϡ 
    Ȼŵúܣо˳ȥ͸ѰˡԥƬ̣׳
ŵȥڳһųһ~  
    ң࣬ݺݵĵһۡ 
    裬ҽ͡ҸղšǸȷʵǹġ 
    СҸ㼱 
    ǡ裬˵ 
    ҲҳȥƺЩˣתһԣ
˵ 
    裬˵һҸ˵ҸղҲ֪
ôˣӾ͸·ƵģһƬհסҲ֪ôţ־ȥˡ 
    û˵ǶƵģŲ˵ڰвˡҼ˵
Ҳ̲סˣԱ˳֣Ǿ鷳ˡϾǰƵˡ 
    轫˵һ磬תбؿʵ
ʲô˼вң 
    æ֣û˼ 
    ңСҪǸҳȥˣåٱ˸ץɳ
һ㲻 
    ǣҾôһ˵ֿҲûеģղҾ
һʱûסҾţܲܰңҵĲκˣȥ
½˰ɡ 
    裡ҵʲôˣ 
    Ҳ롭ǡǲаҪҰŵԣ
ðŵ̼һ裬û뵽û˾䣺ȥɣȥ
ɣ 
    ҵЩﻢˣ֪˵Ҳ˵ȥȥɣ
ҵĿҲǰŵ 
    ֧˰죬˵˾䣺˵İæ 
    ûңתҵΪֹҲûɶչˣ˰죬
ĥĥ˳ȥһصʵô£
ˣ 
    £ƳһۣȻ뵽
ȻѾزˣɴһ·ߵڰɡ 
    ҳһۣѹĶ˵
æв 
    ʲôæ 
    ڻ˵ȻԷʱٸ㡣 
    Щ⣬׷ʣҲᣬûСʱ
躰һٳʱʢѾ˲
ȫǱԵģվԱߣĵĸʲôƵġ 
    ʼûи˵֪ԵͷҲ
ǸСȸƵģߴߴ˵Цͣܿģͷո
ƽʱЩͬˣշżٻҺ˵Ц˵ʲô
һûо䣬ȱȱӡ 
    أҲ˵ˣһʱ뵹˳Ĭ֮Уֻʣײ
ġ֮ 
    һǱʵڱܣ˷ǰҶ˵ĻŤ
ͷʵˣ˵Ұһæʲôæѽ 
    һֱڵȵľ仰ʶ̧ͷһۣҲ
ĵҡҹڲ棬˱һ¡һΪҲ
֪Ťͷһۣæϣ˵ 
    ̲סʵʲôæأ 
    һû˵ѾҴڻЦ˵ûСûʲôæ 
    費ģʵղ˵ģһæʲôæ 
    ̬ȣЩɻ󲻽⣬ŤͷҿһۡҶʹ˸
ɫæϵûУˡҸҪҰæҡ
һͬѧҰæ 
    ۾΢΢˵赱ɵˣңҲң 
    ĶŭˣЩˣҿһۡȵ
أղ˵ʲô 
    һüͷ壬ίͰ͵˵Ҳ֪Ҹ˵
Ұһæء 
    轫ĿƵҵϣ˰죬û˵⵹Щ⣬
ҵͷҲҿʵڹһҵϣ
Ƶģͣ 
    ˭Ҳû˵ʰò֮󣬴ҲǸ
飬˭Ҳ˭ֱòˣص˯ÿ
ķţĶ˵˾䣺ҹ 
    ԭΪʶҵļƣ˸ʣͻȻ贫
ȥﲻϲǡ 
    ֻ֮վڴߣģҲҡ 
    ϡȻ˵˾䡣 
    æհ죬ҷŷϣ˰Ҳ˵̲סǰ
벽С˾䣺衣 
    һۣȻͷתһߣĬã˾䣺
ñвǰɣ 
    ҵͼԣȻ裬׼ˡ
ʱﻹЩŵġ 
    ûϹ˵ûæ 
    ֻһΣûУ 
    ԣ־ϲĵĲæʾһΣһһ
ΣͿˣ 
    Բһˡ 
    ֤ûһˡֻҪܰҰѲκãҾ͡ 
    û˵һڴԥһ£׳ŵ
˹ȥߣСĲĿСϣû
κα飬۾ֱǰƲЩʲôֻʳָʱʱĳ鶯
һ£ﲢûбô򶨡 
    ŵȻοϾ͸еһȡθϻ
ֲ̫һˣϴλҪװвҷŵ̫ϻǰ
βʵϾΪ˰ҷйѾõҲء 
    ҺôţƬ֮ʵ̲סˣĽ
Ѿְ벪״̬ڵ¶˳ 
    ҸҪ˵ɫȴȻһ䣬ԲֻʵʵҪȻ
˿ɡһĿζ˵ţһ߽Ť˹䣬
ͺȻ©˳ 
    ˫һ죬ܵľҪվԵЩǱµľ
ӣ龰æקס˰֣˵Ѿ˵õģ˵
һΣһΡ 
    轩Ӳվڴߣüͷʱ壬ʱչżҵĶ
һԲͣɿ𣺡裬Ѿ˵˵ġκ˲
ҲˡһΣòãһΣľһΡҵĲˣͿ
ȫĵͶ뵽߿ȥˣұ֤ܿһôѧ 
    ҽϵУԥ˰Σ˴ߣ
˵һ䣺һΡ 
    һΣԾһΡֻһܰҵĲκˣҾûк֮
ˡ˵꣬Ҳ˼ʱ䣬ץסС֣ҵļϡ 
    Ȼйһξˣӵļͣ϶ǲӦ
ġָͷһ˲䣬첲ܵһ£׼
ѹʹûѿ 
    Ȼֱϸ󻬣Ͼֲĵϴһ
һʼ߬ȭͷɿϻ͵Ϯóѣع
в̫ˡһ˵裬ôţʲôʱ
Ǹͷ 
    ʱϵ˷ܶϵģѾĲˣͷ
ָϣҲ硣֣˼£Щ
ˣĽſȻԥԥĽ֮С 
    ϸͱ˲ĿУֱˬͷƤ飬
ס˺۴裬۾üͷ壬Ȼʮֿ
ġ 
    Ȼ̸ϴβ࣬ȴȫһġϴΪ˰
βȲѡ֪ǹƭģ
ϵĳˬȥˣִӲļ
һһġ 
    Ȼżͣһȴʮֵܣһֱôȥ
ҲͦġƬ֮ʵĲ˰ɣͿ˰ɣ 
    ҧ˵Ҳһͺãһֲ֣ˡ 
    ֪ں˵˵ȴҲûнɿסӲļ͡
ȻôţҲ¶ֱߣ
 
    ΢Ŀһ£㽫۾ҺҡӦΪ
ֻҪܰҷйһΣҾͲٲˡʵҴһʼһֱٸ
İʾһһε̽ĵߣһһεЭ
ܹ֮ɹΪŸ߿зڿ߽
ǰ׹ķߣһع飬ⱲӾûʲôϷˡ 
    ֣ߣһ֮󣬱ĵɿСֶŴӲ
ļͣƬ֮󣬿ʼߣȻĶӲ
ٶҲ죬ҲȫϣֻĴָʳָȦ˸
ϣ۶š 
    ͷ۴𤻬Һ壬մȾָϣ󻬵ã
ŪǱȽˬġ 
    Ҳʲô£أĶȻࡣĴ裬
ûκα飬Щģ۾ȴһԣʼղϳ
濴һۡ 
    Ҳ֪ΪΣּܣȴ޿κεģҸоޱȵĴ̼
ӲļֱҪըһ㣬Сﲻסšټ黨
ȹµ˿ȣ̼ҵʣһһġ 
    ʵ̲ס׳ŵӣÿȹڣַ˿ϡ
һŤͷң־ŭѾزˣҲûʲô
ˣɴ˻ϸ˿ϣظ 
    죬ҪֹңǷˣҺͬʱ
ϵȻԼһЩߣٶԼӿˡ֪ǲҪ
һ߳ܵΪ 
    Ħɫ˿࣬΢ġɳɳ۾ȴĶ
ǰ߸塣ϵٶȼӿ죬ؿҲң
̲ס뵽ǰ廬м䣬ʲôоأ 
    ˣڶش̼֮£ҸоԼҪˣ̲סߴٵ
Ҫˡˣ裬ٿ㣬ٿ㣡˵ţ˿
ϣԽԽ 
    赱Ȼ֪˵ʲôбһۣ϶ȴ𽥼ӿ죬ˬ
סĵ糱ˮ㣬һһϮϾǹˣ
Ǹоʲôæ˵һ¡˵գͣϵĶӣ
ȥôߵֽ 
    ֪ҪֽסҵľҺȴʵЩȻζ
ҲѾǼϣòˣţǰ̴Ӳ
ֱͦͦĵ˿ϣеĹͷ˿˳ĿĦ
£ֻһ飬ǰ͵һͦŨ𤻬ľҺ
ۡĴ˿ϡ 
    Ȼû뵽һô󵨵Ϊ۾˲󣬾Īĵ
ҡҵϰҪˣְʹѹ
˿ϣʹʹĽй˳ 
    ֮ҸоһϮһѽƿȻٵĳֽ
üͷһĲ˿ϵľҺ 
    󣬿־нϮͷϱı飬
˵ʲô˵˾䣺ȥ 
    ȻЩδҲٴҲƵ뿪˷䣬ص
ڴڵĴŴһһĻŸղŷ顣
ȥһҲ˯ž 
    ڶ峿һ߳˷䣬ټʱͺʲô
ҲûһȻûʲô飬һߴǸϿ緹 
    һʱ䣬ʱûȥ裬ϾѾ˳ŵ
д㣬Ҳܱ¶̫ˡ 
    һڣΪٽ߿ԽԽѧϰѹҲԽԽ
꼶ѧȫ뵹Ъ˹״̬֮УȻҲ⡣
ѧϰ͸߿֮⣬ҪĻ衣 
    һ£ûף֪ǲΪ֮ǰΪ˷ң
ǽ˿²صúΣԴ֮贩˿࣬
ҵǰǰ뾡취Ҫõԭζ˿࣬ڼֱֿɵá 
    ˼ȥԼһǽԭζ˿๴ң
̲סԼйûйȥˡȻû
ʵͼҪĿɲǷйҪǣҵ衣 
    һʱĵҵ̬Щˣͷʱ
һЩӪƷͲƷȻҰοһŻ򣬸оʱ
ˣټʱȣٶȳ֡ 
    һ˼׼ʱװһֹӣ죬
󶼽˻ȥע⣬⡣
ǿҵĹһ㣬ϷǲϽС 
    ʵû취ˣŤŤ˵裬м£һæ 
    ̧۵ңĿɫ˹˵С
ѽ˵һΣһΡҪٸ¶ֲ
 
    һ׼üͷ˵ǡ˵ˣһΡ
ǣ˵ǣܰҰѲκˣһξˣԺҲ
ˡǡⲡûѽ 
    ʱӦ֪ڸϷĽһģ
ŭˣأ 
    ûûûæ֣⻰˵ġĸƵģ˭ˣ
ѽ 
    ˭Ǻأ 
    ģġǺǺ⽫Ūڹ
֮С 
    һ쵽ģܲһ㡣üһ 
    Һҿ裬ٰһΰɡһΣ
ͺˡ 
    У붼û룬ϴʾܾ 
    ~  
    ҡ 
    ˡ 
    ȥȥȥԶ㣡һ۶뿴㡣 
    Ҽ̬ȺܼҲͲӲͦˣͷԷֱ
ǰӣģǧ֮⣬һ仰Ҳ˵ 
    ȳط︴ϰһ֮ߵǰ
ţšһûзӦЩ
ܹŴ򿪣˵ϷװûʼղϿţǾе
Ѱˡ 
    һ飬ͣŷţʮӣҲ֪ǲ
豻Ҹ㷳ˣ͵ؽŴ򿪣ŭûˣ 
    裬˵ 
    ҲӦӲļ˽ȥ 
    4.14 
    Ĺҳû˷ڡվſڣң
ЩΣʵ˭ģ 
    ֻҪҿţ˵ϣģŭҷ
ࡣװżӣ˵裬˵һ𣿡 
    Ѿʧˣ˵ʲôҶˡϽҳ
ȥվԣųŭҡ 
    ԽҳȥҾԽŲɴյǽǴڳ
һƤļƣ˵裬ҿɴûƭ˵õģ
κ˲һξκãҲپˡ 
    ˵꣬費ͷ˵ϷˡΪ
֪ʲô⣿һһһΣͱɳ̬ˡѾ˵ˣ
һξһΣϽҳȥҸ㼱 
    裬ҩ÷Ƴءεһ벻ˣǰѽ 
    ٸףϽȥ 
    ۼ費ΪҼˣ~ ѾһˣҪ
ǲκãϴεĲҲ˰ 
    ңû˵ϵı飬ƺδΪҵĻ
ҡϴΰĳʵСҼʼղΪ
ţôȥҲǰ취ɴһˡ 
    裬ʵҾţһҪֵġĿ˵ 
    Ƭ̣ʵг˾裬ǲ
ˡҲνһʼҲûҪҵĹ 
    ҪüĿװ˼˺þã˵ǰǰ
ķӣҡԼɡ 
    ϶ҵ˼νԼʵϾǸ˿ȣ
ˣְοܸܽһЩɡ 
    ȻһЩҡˣԥƬ֮󣬾
б뷨 
    ϱ֤һһֻκҵĲ֤û뷨 
    ڴǿɵ˯˯㣬ŽѾЬ϶û
ЧġŰ֮賤̾һ˵ȥһ
 
    ҼЭȻǿĵò˵ģ뿪ǽǣ
ȥ߳ңȻʶʲôϷʱæ
ֵסңʵôˣ 
    ԥԥʵòƭҵİɣ 
    ƭʲô 
    һȥͰˡ 
    Ƴһۣᡣ 
    ֤β 
    費ͷ˵ұ֤β˰ɣ 
    ΢Ҫ֣Ƽһ˿æ
ֽŵסһ£һ£ 
    Щˣûˣʲô 
    ǽ 
    һ£ǱҲˣЩ⡣ 
    æֵ֤ǽ 
    УϽȥɡԵüᷳĥĥ
Ľɿ֮󣬡顯һŹϡ 
    Ǽ˷ֳб䣬վǰ뿪
ʮӣٴο軻һɫƷȹϺĴ
ɫ͸˿࣬ȻԸлһԸС 
    ȲļȻֵڴߣԱߵĴ̣
ƤĺͯƵЦ˵裬ߡ 
    ԽǱֵаԵԽã߹
ΪѾܶˣҲ·ˣܸ߳ȻҪС١
ޱȲĽַĻ˿ϣ
ôȻ죬ôᱡ裬Ȼһ㡣 
    ҲûôܣӶǰ˲٣ֻϱ黹Щ
ĮҲ֪Ϊʲô边Ȼһ˫ɫĳ˿࣬Ȼ
ǰҲйȺ˿˿ϾټЩʸС 
    ɫ˿ౡذ޳ȣİҵƹ
ӳ£΢Ĺߣ֬İƤϡɼС
ʶס˺˿ظţָỬ
˿Ĺ⻬ϸ壬˿า£ȵķС 
    ò˵ĺƤĶǼõģ˿඼ܸо
ĽۻȻоˬļҲ͸߸𣬵Ҳ
ڴˡȻ˼ƻµͷȴֲ֪οڡһ߸
Ļ˿ȣһڰ֯ԣҲ֪˶ãЩ
ˣ̲סʵ㻹Ҫã 
    ˣˡڷšϾѾй̼ľˣ
ô˷ܼʣҲһ¾й˳ɡ 
    أЩڴˣ˳Ļ˿ƣ˳ź
ɫƷխȹ°ڣҪ˽ȥȹ˿Ħ
ϸ΢ɳɳֻͷƤһķ顣տʼʱ軹ûʲôӦ
ҵּҪزλʱ͵߬סҵʹ
˳ŭĿԲݺݵصҡ 
    ûҸϳȥ֮ǰæ˵裬ôĥ
ȥҲ£һûݸϰء 
    ҾȻһңɵüһԴһ£յ
ԽԽˡϽȥ 
    ĿϹԹæƤ˵Сͽң²ܰ;
ϡ 
    ҽôණͼסһˣ 
    סĶˣ仰ǵҼ΢Убң
֪ڵЦ裬һϰ࣬Ҳ۵ġɣ
ҸţĦһ£ɷɣô 
    ϶֪ҵ˼ҲȻףҷй
ŵġԥƬ֮Ĭתȥſڴ˴
ϡȻ迴һ˲䣬ƺ˫һĨ
Ρ 
    뵹˳֮УҴصĺԵøҼĿ
ĵſڴϵ裬£ɫƷխȹ
£Żɫ˿޳ȣϸȳƶСɾµ㲢
һ𣬽ϣڻɫ˿£ԵôӨ
ϸ͸һ㡣 
    ȻѾǵһôˣǲò
̾һ£СǱ̫ˣԲֺ
˿౻ŵñ͸ļ͸죬ûһ˿Ӳ
ʡ 
    Сһ¶岻סЩֲͣ
ԼԵùļǿƬ֮˫֣ķ
ϣͬʱסĵع۲ķӦ 
    ҵָ˿Сŵһ˲䣬̲סʹһȴ
ûκιӦΪ˻еļûһһװ
Ħһ˵裬ôһ㡣 
    ˾䣺Һܷɡ 
    ҵ˫ָ˿СĦţĴ˿
УһȣؼȻҵЩϾ
ģһĺＷ˳ 
    Ħ֮࣬ҵָʱʱڽĴס㱳ɫ
档ʼʱޱſڴϣ۾ҰĦһ
Ҳ֪ǲˣСһԣ˫ϣ۾΢գ
ֻ˯è㣬Ҳ˲١ 
    ֪϶ûжȫɾ裬Ҳ̫Σֻ
ֺظŪƬ̣ȻָŽֺ˿ߴỬ̧
ƣûʲôӦ̲סеĻѹӣ
⴦㹭ߣ۽ƣһ·ϣ̰ţֱԲ
ǻ˿ζϢҺݺݵ˱ǹ֮У
̼ҵÿһߣֱǿҵĴҩʵԡ 
    ҲҵΪЩŤͷæװ
ͷ鿴ӣһװĦһֹ
ЩóС 
    ţװģ̧ͷһۣʵ裬ƽʱ߸Ьʱ
䳤ˣǲͦģ 
    ĮĻ˾䣺ϻ˭߸Ьʱ䳤ˣȶᡣ 
    ǡҪǴŸ߸ЬʱȲţʱ䳤˾ͻо͡
þĦһȲѹҿʼ˵˵һ˵ţһ
˫ƣͣڽȴеСȶϣ 
    һۣͣ˰Σû˵ͷת˻ȥлϲޱȣ
ӴָСȣѾֲ嵽ڰ谴Ħ
˿֮ˡ 
    Һ˿ȵһ·ϣ̽խȹ֮У˵ĸо
ǿң˸ղŵĽѵѾ֪ĵˣ̽ 
    һֱôţҲǰ취ĿĻҪйġƽʱ
Ҳ̫һˣЩܲˡǿ˰֮
ſƺûʲôӦϢ˿ӣѼӲ
˳ 
    ĺȣӦûвҵľٶѹס߸
òסҷŴӲСѹȥеĹͷ
˿ĵһ˲䣬һ֮Уͷĸоֱ
ݡ 
    ں跢ֻ֣Ӵһ£Ҹæ˻ػص
˿ҲȷǷ۲Ƭ֮󣬷Ѿſ
˫֮䣬۾΢գϢ滺 
    Ҷһ׳ŵӣٴνʹӿ˳ѹţ
˿ϡ΢һЩĽԲһ£
һæĽ͵裬ָѹ΢һЩ 
    ԭҲûָţû뵽边Ȼġšһ˷֮࣬
ȻһͷѲǹģ֪ҵͼֲԸ
ϴְҽԲŰֱѲҪԼ
 
    뵽Ҽֱϲ񣬲ɵ˼Ӳļ
ѹȥ˿ģָһߣĻ۴
𤻬Һ壬˿һӨĺۼ 
    ֹһεĻ˿żҵļ㽻ִ
УܲˡôһᣬֲҶֻ֣һ
żͲͣߣָ˿Сţʱʱѹӣùͷ
ĽĴһ¡ 
    ſڴϣ˫Ŀ΢գһڻɫڵ޳ȣֱ
ȳƣʮ㣬խȹµβԲ̡ҿʼţ
˺һӣȻѹϣӺ潫Ӳ
ߵİ׻ͷѨڣǶôһ顣 
    ֻһ룬;Żͣߣ±ϮҸоЩ
ˣҧǿƬ̣ڻǵֲˮĿУۼû
ηӦһǰһˣſϣһͦ
ӲͦεӲĴ֮䡣 
    ˫Ȳ£ĺܽĴؼѹҵټ˿
˳Щһйע 
    һ£漴̧ͷŤͷһȣ
ѹ£Ѹٽ˿ȼȻƨһֺݺݵ
˽ȥ 
    豻ŪЩң˫ֳڴϣҪƷȴҺ
ݵѹ£ܶѣֻʣСʲôϽ
 
    ˣҲ˲ôˣټϾԣ跢йҼװû
ʣһ㣬ͦŪ˫ȼɿš˶
ĹͷУ˿࣬סĦ˿ȵĽ
˿˳ 
    С~ ǲǣ 
    ôҳţĽƣխȹҺ
ҵƵ䣬ɲλã˿ڿ㣬˽
ͣĦʱʱĻùͷһ£ÿÿʱص
 
    Ҳ֪ǲҵĴ˫ȼسHŪʮ֮󣬽
ظо˿ɲһȸУůůġġӲȥպ
ҪγѪһ㣬쵽棬ϵĴҵĸ첲 
    ķӦԽĺ˺࣬Ӳ׻СѨ
С֪ôĺֻǿзַ˿
˿ȽġѨУɿĴš 
    ԺвɵٴλСѨĸоͼٳ壬
ֻ糱ˮϮڼ֮ҧǰһͦͷͬ
һŻͬ˿ࡢڿ㣬һһ³ȵڡ 
    ѽ~ Ǳһ㣬һͦһ˫ȱ
ܵнһɳʪͷСоͣ
סֱͦһɹɵŨҺ۴ӿϤ˿
֮䡣 
    һ˲䣬Һ趼ûκ춯һƬžҺ
˿ϵġۡҺȫ価֮һ֮Ϯ֮
ģĪĿ־С 
    Ƭ֮첲һҴ϶ȴδ˵ʲ
ôҲ֪ʱ裬ңҲ֪Ǻα飬
ز̫ãıӰܸоһɱ̹ǵĺϮˣ
˵ʲôͽͣҲ룬Ǳӳҡ 
    һҶڽжȹԼһʱĳ嶯׻ʲô᲻
˶Ҳ֣ǰأ 
    峿һ飬߳˷䡣һΪ׼
ͣȴӰһʱ֮䣬Ҳ֪Ұɡ 
    Ϸѧؼңڳվſڣ׳ŵӺһ
ûңӦûҵʱҲûѵң̬ġ
ҵԸһ٣ҲôźáҲϰˣҲ
֪ҵΪͣΪϾҪ߿ˣҵз
Ҳҵơ 
    սһڣεĳ̶ȱǰλҪǿң輸ûô
˵ĥŸδƽʱⷢˣҷˣյĺ
ҪȥҽԺҵεĳ̶ȡ 
    Ҳ˵øһֲҵ̬ȷͻ˲٣ר
٣ڼչҡȻܣﻹǿĵģﲻʱ
ţ߿Ҫˣظ߿Ҫˡ 
    һʼ軹ο䣬߾ЩͷˣһС£
ˣôôûѽ 
    ڴϣװЩ־ӣ˵ˣ
ˣѹôҲ뿼ˣ裬Ҳ뿼ˡ 
    һʱ⸱ģûʲô취Ľë
ҵĶͷϣ˵Ϣȫһǧһ
ѹѽѹѽ 
    ҳû߬ס˰֣Ϣ裬ƽʱ
ԡҡ 
    һӣ̲ס̾˿˵ˣ
ɡôˡ뽫ִѿþȫ
ǲɿֻ÷ץš 
    裬Ҫˣǲǻһ㰡 
    üͷһ˵⺢ӣպͿǲȻ
֮⣬ȴҲϧ֮顣ҵ֣Сֹ˾䣺ôô
ѽ 
    裬̹һ£֮󣬿ɱѽ 
    ʲô£ɻĿҡ 
    šҸʦһԼ 
    Լʦ 
    š 
    ʲôԼ 
    šʦ˵ܿһš͸һΡ


4.15 
    һʼûзӦ΢΢һüЩԻңʵ
˵ʲô 
    ҵͷظһ飺ʦ˵ҿ㹻Ļ͡
 
    ʲôʵ 
    ҵͷС˵˾䣺͸һΡ 
    ԲδӦֻޱĿҡԽˣҵ
ԽǸеһҼһʯһ㣬С
һ衭 
    ˲䱩ŭëݺݵ˦ҵϡ⧲۵ġ
ϡһҽУֻ۾ݺݵؿңһţܵ
ĵ裬ҡء 
    ãŭ˵Щʲô˼ǲ
ǣ 
    ǣҸҪأæϣüͷ壬һίͰ͵
ģ 
    С˶ɵӡһ٣ٶģʲô
ΪҲ֪ܾˣ 
    ȷʵǹ˵Щģû뵽边ȻôŹЩ
һģǸ߿ԽԽʱ䲻ˣЩżҲ
ǷյЩͿˣ˳͸˵ˡ 
    ҹ˲յκԴ֧ǿ˵裬Ҳ֪
ʲô˼Ҿһˡ¶ǲ˵
ģǿæǰæչңЩΡ͸
ʦ˵Լϡ 
    һ˵ţһ͵͵衣粻֪Щʲ
ô˵֮ҲûκεķӦֶֻӣ˵
ЪŰɣʵڲУȥһ롣 
    ˵գת뿪˷䡣һ˵ЩʲôģӦҲ
ȥҵĽ͡ﲻЩû֪򲻹ô̲
סأ 
    һ룬֮Ҳû£
оõԭΪҵ̬ȸոЩתֳˡ 
    ΪչҵŬȫգڶȥѧУ
γĶȹ죬ĥţôѷѾȻȴ
μʱķӰ 
    һϸһȷʵ裬ʦ˵ءҲɵһ
˵군ˣҪţҵĹϷȫˡ 
    żǰȥϿˣǡֱײ˸ţ
ƽ칫ˡÿΣҶڽǲжȹòһ¿Σ
Ĵܳ˽ңܵ칫ſڣֻʦλϵͷӣ
ѾûӰ 
    Ҳ֪˵ʲôԥҪҪȥ̽̽ڷ磬ʦȴ
Ƽңɻʵվſڸʲôأ 
    Ҽɫ糣񻹲ԵķһЩʵš
Һ񿴼ˡ 
    ţһˡ 
    ҸҪڣһѣһŤͷʦ˵
ľ׮Ƶģվſڣʲôأ 
    ˸Цʦһ˰칫ңߵʦߣСʵ
ʲôأ 
    ʦһۣͷľӣ˵״¡ 
    ￩һ£ʵҵ״ҡûʲôɣ 
    㻹ûʲô 
    ʦ⳰һţò鶼
ʦ˵˰ɣһ룬ܰҪʦ֪ӣǷ
Ľڣһ׼ðɣʹҵĹͷˡ 
    ҡʲôˣ 
    ɼãĴ 
    ôһ˵ҲԷԳһʵ裬
̸ѧϰɼģ 
    š 
    û˵ģ 
    ʦ̧ͷһۣʵ˵ʲôһش𣬱Ц
赹ǿרллҡ 
    лʲô 
    лΪĳɼ¡ô˵ģƽʱҲû㿪С
ôҸо̬ȣ͸оҳ˽˼ҽƵġ 
    ȷʵô꣬ҾǶõʦˣǸε
ʦ 
    ʱð˽һͨƨȥߵһС
ָʦʲôԻأʦҲǰɣ 
    Ҹæ˵ҲҲô꣬Ҽ
εİˡ 
    뿪˰칫֮ϸĥһ£ʦķӦӦûа
˵ĻʦѧУʲôأ˼ڤֻ֮һܣ
̽ڷġ 
    ˵Ƿ֮ҵ˽⣬ǲŵġ
иᣬԲѧУʦһģôеǡ 
    뵽һڣȻʣ輴ǣپû
һȫ͹Եķ⡣˵ʲôĻ
ˣĶӣҡ 
    ϻصңҺȴĳĬһ㣬˭Ҳûȥѧ
Уʦ顣ҵ̬ɺĮȴ󣬲סشߴһ
ݸϰ 
    Ϊʱ³çٶʹľ˲٣Ҳ
£ȻǲġΪҲȷʦ
֮󣬵˶ϢЩʲôԣҾ
һʱ䡣 
    Ÿ߿ٽѧϰԽԽأѹԽԽ󡣳֮⣬
һңǾҶǵûмˣվֻ
Ҫ΢ͻ뵽޲ʵʵĻ֮С 
    йҵѧϰ֮ʱʼұһľ룬
ģҪֹţˡ룬ҵ
ˣսʱӦԲ԰ɡôҵʱ䶼ˣֻҪ
˸߿ҾһϣҲûˡ 
    ˼죬żڼң½Ҳʡǻˣ
һҸذ̺ͱһȥ뾡
취Һ½ڼһʼɳ￴ӣԸ
ȥһѵ⣬Ĳ鲻Ըĸ뿪˼š 
    ֪⣬Һ½һ𣬹йŮģ
ٳ嶯䣬ܻᷢʲôġ½ƣֻҪҵ
ܹйͲȥˡһ棬Դң½
ҵŮѡ 
    Һ½Ҳжʱûˣ֪ҵĲѾˣԵ
ǵһʱԵЩΡ 
    ½ǸҽһЩѧУȤ£ֹһҵĸϰȻ
뵹˳֮СȻҵ˼ϣϾҵŮѣ
Ҳһֱ˵Ѹɡ 
    ЦĴյԣС˵Ҳжʱûˣ׼
һݾϲ͸㡣 
    ʲô½ʵ 
    ۾ϡ˵ 
    ף۾Ȼһ£ײװȻЩм
½Ľ۾ 
    ǽϣһ£ȻӣץС֣
˽ȥ½Ͼ֣Ȼ֪ԼʲôոһĨ
Σ΢΢Щߣ漴סӲļͣʼ渧Ū 
    ½֪ҵĲѾˣԵȫӲʱȵ˫
ۣҡЦŶ˵㲻Ǿϲ 
    ˵գҲ½Ӧ㳭˫ȣһһ̵
½ֻһûκεֿƾҽѹڴϣ·
Ь˸⡣ҽѹ£ѩ׵ĲزСһ·
£ͣŮ˫ȼ͹İ 
    ŮѨܿʪˣҵͷŪ֮£̵Сƨ΢Ĳ
ţ𤻬֭翪բĺˮ㣬סšϸְ׵
ؼסҵԴ˫Ŀգҧ´﷢ߺ֮
 
    ѾܾûˣЩСʤ»ĸоҸŮ˫ȼ
һ֮ԣͷյߡ½ַ࣬
סѼӲͦεſС죬ĺ˽ȥ 
    Ϥˬĸо̲ס½ĵúŪ˱
żͣ۾̧˸ĿŮСô
ŹͷŪšǻ̫õԵʣûһ
һϮ̲ס˫ץסСԴƴͦ壬H
ѨС塣 
    ½ԹĿңȴûκοܵĶǸίС
ϱ㣬Һʮ֮ǰһͦH
۵ĿǻһɹɵŨ׾Һӿ 
    Ƭ֮ҽʹ½С˳ۼĺ
һ£ҺȥټŮ˫糺죬⻭ʵ̫ˣԭ
Щƣ˲ 
    Ȳ½ѹ£Ů۵Ľ鶥ҵţ
ͷӣ˰ַͦѹסͷսʪȵѨ
ڣǰͦû˵ԵʣѨ£˰쾢Ҳûм
ȥ 
    Щ½Ҹ߬סսѨڣͬʱ̧
ҳûһԲ˶ͷ࿪յѨ죬Ӳļ
խȵѨ֮С 
    ~  
    ½͵һ̧һƵĳβģǵõ
˽һ㡣 
    Ѩ֮УѨʪ𤻬˵ˬ졣
ΪܾûҲ˲Դס۹⻬ļͷ͵
ʼHŪ 
    һ㡭šһ㡭һ㡭 
    ½һ˫С߬סҵĸ첲ѩСϸܵ㺹
ױҧ´ֹ 
    ۼתлӣڵ͸ʢˣ
ץס鷿ɬ۵⡣ 
    һ㣬һ㣡ۡеۡ 
    ѨˬҲͣĵҧ˵˭еô
ġƴʱ򣬸оûô 
    Hһ֮ʱͣ˿СѨȻʾ
ơϾҲϷˣһͣ½֪ʲô
˼һ֮󣬷˸˫ϥſ˴ϡ 
    Ұס׻λεСƨɣӲ͵زѨֱͷ
صѨ׻֮ϣ½һʧе~ ~ һ
㣬ۣ 
    ѨҺס磬ǻѾ㹻󻬣Ҳûжͣ٣岻
ͦʪ۶ڳײŮݵײǰ
ͷң˫糺죬üҧ´ԹԲ
ȴż͵HŪİڶš 
    ײġžžҷŮԲ̵ƨɣͦɿ
ĳ룬δֱ뻨ġ½һܵӣϹ
Ľأߺؼ 
    š̫ˡš㣬һ㡭ͣһ£ͣһ£
ҡеۣͣһ¡ 
    ҲĶˣÿθսȥʱ򶼻Ằۣ˵ŲҪ
ı˭衣Ҳû£󣬱Сƨһһµ
塣ŮİԲθ߸ҵСײҵĲţȻ
´Ľ飬ԵøӷʶסǰҡΡ 
    ΪѾһˣҪ־࣬HŪһ֮ٶ
ͣ½°ڴϡ 
    ߬סŮĽף߸̧𣬽ϸ۵Ůȴڼϣ
Ȼǰһѹʹļۣһ˫ѹظϡ½һ
ߣ͵ͨ죬ЩܡֻҴ
һ£Ҳûôܡ 
    ҽͷѨ촦һͦԼۡһ
Ѩ֮С½һͲ壬ײһšһƺߣ
ֻСʶ߬ס˴ 
    ֱ˫ţ˫ֳ࣬Գһ
϶£׮ƵģصײŽ۵ѨųԽԽ죬
ĴŮιžž졣 
    ~ ~ ˡܲˡܲˡšš
ŰҪˡҪˡͣһ£ͣһ~ ˲~  
    ½ѩ׵Ĳ﷢ʰ˫ȴҵļϣ
Сڲ༡޽Ĳš 
    ѹ£˿ģкȻ
æ˵һ£ϾͺˡҲˡ 
    ˵䣬Ҽӿ˳ٶȣƴس롣½̧ԲΣŬӭ
ĳ̣ѨǻڵƵĳ鴤šѨڱŵÿ
ģۺɫҲú͵ģ֭ҺĽ·ɽ 
    HŪһ֮½ȻֹͣһҶ𤻬
Һк˹ͷ֮ϡҲͲסҧأ鶯£
Ȼùͷסӹ̵ľҺ 
    ̱˴ϣرһҶ޵
촽һ£Цʵ𣿡 
    ½ɬĽͷҵĻص˵ͷҼЦʵ
Ϲָ۷磬ԺػˣǲǺܿģ 
    ½΢ĸ~ źʵˣô
õģ 
    ҵȻܰϸľֻ˽ڣʼ磬˵
Ҳ֪Լͺˡ 
    ½ң뿪Цʵ˵ǲʲô
Բҵˣǲ˰βˣ 
    Ȼ֪ڿЦ䲻ųһ亹æЦ˭
ң֮ƽʱܼŮˣ裬ˡ϶
ҵģѲɻѽҲǣԼŮػѣͦż
ġ 
    쵽ĺ˵˵½Ҹ첲һ£漴˵
ôûŮѽѧУô֪Сѧãһ쵽üȥġ
УǸأҿͦġ 
    ò˵ѾͷȻƽʱģʱֱ׼Ŀ¡
ҹĳϹ˵á 
    ڰ֮ʱȻ˿ͬʱһ飬æ
·߳ʱԵһ¡˳Ťͷȥ
ŷ֣½Ϊ߳ĺλδȴ 
    ѾµЩʲôˣϾġ
ʲôҲû˵½Եʣͷߴ
СϱƵġ 
    豾ذ̺ȱߣذȴлˣ漴к½
ؼҡٳʱͷ˵˾䣺濼һ£Ҿе
ͦġ 
    ˵һ룬ʹʹɫʾ˵ˡذŤͷһ
ۣߵһЦʲôҲ֪ 
    һܵĸеһ־壬Ҳû룬æʵôˣ
ʲô˼֪ʲô 
    һۣû¶ȥ 
    ǣʲô˼ѽĸѽҴǰȥͣ׷ʡ
ش𣬱תذ̡ 
    ذ̸Ҫڣȴˣ˵ǻȥɡ 
    ذߺ׷ͣ׷ʡʼղشʵ
ˣͷĺûˣҸʲô㱨ѽ裬
ѽ 
    ̬ȣԼĸеЩȻߵòʲô
ĵ˱ 
    ŷۺɫ˯˯ſڴֻͷƼң˾䣺
 
    Ҵյߣĵ˵¶в 
    ҲͷֻСһһ̵ģ˵֪ʲôذ
Ҫ׶¶ɣ 
    ԣô˵ʲô˼ѽȲ׷ʵ 
    ô£ذ˵һ˵Ҳ¶ϰֶ
ôʱˣҲһˡԵúգ¶һϵҲ
ûƵġ 
    ذҲǵģԼôҲûɹ
󡣡ֹ˾䣬ȻʵôһҲѽҲ
㡣 
    ΪʲôҪѽҾذ˵ͦеģǻᣬô
Ҳǳõ¶۰ǱˣûϣˣذǱ
кʵĶ󣬼ͼ¡ 
    ǿҪպģ㲻һֱٻ𣿡 
    һʱһʱϰֶܸҸˣٸҸ֣Ҳ
ǲܽܡֻҪ迪ľͺá 
    Ҳõ˾䣺㵹ǿÿ 
    Ƴһۣ㲻ͬ𣿡 
    ҵȻͬ⣡ͬ⣡ҵЩŴ̴
µ 
    бңͬͲͬ£ôʲô 
    ʶԼЩʧ̬ˣһ̽ʵǡʲ
ô˼ͬ𣿡 
    һʼҲƴǣذһֱȰƵʵû취ˣ
ƣ˵ף»Ӱ㸴ϰȸ߿֮ټ
ɡ 
    ô˵ҲԵķﻹԹذ̣ϲ
¡Ҳй˼ɵģ֪¶һӰҵ飬
ҲǹҪҵơ 
    4.16 
    ֮Ȼû׵£˸ôҲⲻ
󰾵ʵܲˣɴ̯ƣڳʱֱ˵
˵裬ܱܲȥѽ 
    ؿһۣޱ˵˾䣺ʲô£ٲģ 
    Ծɲģ̽Եʵ裬òȥװɣ 
    輱ˣҳĶôϻԷʱ򻹶²ס죡 
    ö˶˵ģʲôѽһ˹Ŷѽ 
    ôˣܸ˽飬Ҿ͵һ˹¶ѽ 
    ǣôһأҡͱ 
    ߵǲأԲҪҸ֡ 
    һˣҪҸְ 
    аϷƵЦһ£оڹƵġ 
    ҽ£ҪȥףҾ͡Ҿ͡ 
    Ҫ 
    ҡҡҾѧ 
    Ц룡㶼ˣ㻹ôѧѽ 
    ұҲѿڶû뵽軹ʵˣ鼱֮£ɴˣС
ƢҰԼϷҲѧϰˡ 
    ۾зһ죬Ца㻹вˡ
ѧϰǸѧô㰮ѧѧ 
    ˽Ƣôвȥ»𵽷ЧȻ
Щżкܶ໰˵ǿŰϣͷԷ 
    ҰҲ̲סʵô˵ˣ 
    Ҵͷɥһ˵ʲô춼Ҫˡ 
    Ҳе̫˰ɡ 
    Ҫˣɲ 
    죬ʲôҲû˵Ĭ֮̾˿ο
ˣ˼ѧϰϣ˼ˡ 
    ֤Բȥס 
    ôô¶ 
    ñ֤Ҫûġ 
    費ͷ̾Уұ֤߿֮ǰҿ϶ȥס 
    ҸҪķȻһæʣʲô˼߿֮ǰ
ȥף߿֮Ҫȥѽ 
    輱ˣСûˣ裬ʲôþ
ͬⰡ߿֮ϸҰȥҸǰȥˣǷˡ 
    ҼˣҲٶ˵ﻹǺܲĶ˼
ѧϰĶȥˣҸô죬Ҹôֹ
ûϵġ 
    ʱҶżڼңҲ֪ΪʲôǷŲ
ǰٴһ㣬Ȼͷžӣȴʼϸ
ĶֻҪһҾװϲӣȥ鿴 
    ࣬һϤϤҲûж룬Żŵ
ȥվشЬӣҪšźڵӡѩ
³ȹϺɫϸЬͷɢһСһд磬
ȴֲʧׯš 
    Ҫæǰֹʵ裬Ķȥ 
    ĶƳһۣҪŴ򿪣ȴֵס
ΣûгɹЩĵңСʲôѽ 
    ҷʵȥĶѽ 
    ûлش𣬷ŭң£֡һ
 
    軹ûæ˵һ£һһЬһȥ 
    ü΢ε˵ëǲ 
    ңҪȥĶҪңҾһֱ 
    迴ʮֵĲͷҪңָ˻ȥ
Ϸһ۾̾˿ȥذǶ 
    Ҫȥ𣿡 
    ǡ 
    ôƯʲôѽ 
    ôƯһѽҪݵĳţ͸
ǲ 
    Ҹһȥɡ 
    ЩˣСܱ˲ϾҪ߿ˣʵ
ʵĻݸϰȥ 
    üɥ˵Ҫļˣһϰʲôѽ 
    ˵˵ʲôأϽÿ 
    Ҫȥǲã˰죬εĻص
˫ֱɳϣУҲȥˣ˰ɡ̧ۼһ
ǰ̾ĶҲȥˣϽݿȥɡ 
    Ȼô˵һе㲻ģɵǰ϶Ѱ
ɳһӣϵĺɫϸЬĵŵȻɳһУһԲ
Ŀҡ 
    ҹĲٳȥˣԥԥĻصû뵽
һ£ﴫŹرյҸæȥһȻѾ
Ӱˡ׷ţݸպùرա 
    ֱƭ˵кŭУƭҵˣҵ衣Ҷ
ڿɳϣһҪȥףͲǸζ
ҺģҲû˼ѧϰ 
    绰ţ֪ΪʲôרҪһ
绰ȫַȥһֱȵҲûţ
ǲǸ׵˿ۣһȥˡ 
    ͷﲻͣĻţġһֱȵʮ
㣬ұܵվֻλƵĽ˼ţ
һۣҲû˵Ь 
    ǰȥŨҵľζ˱Ƕ̲סһü 
    ȾˣҾӵɷһνø
ͬˡ 
    šĮĻһ 
    Ⱦˣôȥѽ 
    ûòҡ 
    ˭ȵģ 
    軻Ь۾˪ĵңҷԽԽûû
СˡȥĶ˭Ҹ˭ԷȾƣǲǶҪ㱨һ£ 
    ҵ㡣 
    õ㵣𣿲Լľˡһ˵ţһ߳
ȥ 
    ҽ󣬲ĵ˵裬ƭҡ 
    ûңֱӹŽݡ 
    վµ裬ɲС裬Ȱſ
ǰѻ˵ˡ 
    ôţʼղҡҲĵĳ˺þãܲ
ˣҷţŭϽȥҵ¶òġ 
    Ķ˼ϰѽҼûп
˵裬Ҳǹѽƽ͵İ
˵ˣвУ 
    ûйţתߵߣʵ㵽˵ʲô 
    Ҿ֪ǲǸȥˣҪ˵
ͽⲻһֶȥ 
    üСܱܲɹѽҶ˵ˣҸ
ذ̳ȥģֳԷ˵ƣûû˵ʡ 
    Ĳȥˣ 
    ǣԷ˰ɣ 
    ҵͷŤŤ˵Ժ󶼲ײС 
    輱ˣ͵վײףҵ¶ǲף
ʲô˼¶ϣһ˹һӰ 
    Ҳ飬һӡ 
    Цã˵˻ 
    ô˻ѽѾôˣҾ͸һˡ 
    ңҲȾˣӲǲϽݿȥ
Һ˵˵ˡ 
    Ҳ֪ΪΣѹֵúܣҲû룬˵Ҫǵȥף
ôӦһ 
    豾ңĬΣ̲סʵʲô 
    ҵͷСֹ˾䣺һޣҡ
ҾͲˡ 
    ˵ʲô˲۾һ˼ı顣 
    Ѿ˵ȥˣҲûʲôµˡٴθһ飺ҵ
һţ׮Ըʲô˭ףҶˡ 
    ҧгݣѰ޹ȥЬҼƲת
ܣչϷţۡһЬϡ 
    ûоʹ˰֣ڵ׷˳Ҹæ
ţŭҳ޷㣬ʲô߰Ļ˵ˣ 
    ȻǶ治ҿŵģĸٻЩļ
ġǷҲȫѿڶȻ֪Ҫһ
϶ᱩףҲԲӦġҲڴˣ赲׵
һ塣֪ʲô⣬ɴ̯˽ף
Ҳ˼ɡ 
    ˰ţҲҳĻȥˡڶټ
ʱҲûѵңֻһ仰Ҳ˵սѾ
˶ΣʱҲˣֻҪܷס裬ȥףԺ
˵ 
    ķչЩҵϡҷѧؼң
ûڼңΪڼӰࡣ绰ѯһ£Ĺϵ
ЩǷˡ 
    ʮңſԥһ£±ʣˮ߳
ңװˮѾЬһۣҲûкҾȵķ
֣ľȻװ˵Ǵӹ˾ģǳȥӦ꣬Ҳû
··ϰѽҲûоζϻ˸ƽʱ̫һĵ
ױҲǴӾƳϻӡ 
    еЩ軻·ٳʱ̲סǰȥ
裬ôôѽ 
    Ƴһۣޱ˵˾䣺˵ڲ㡣
˵ţײһ£Ҷȥ 
    ̬Щ΢оǸСŮƵģڸҶһ
֮ҸϽ˱ˮǰڡԥ
һ£˳ֽ˹ 
    Цʵ裬۲ѽҪҸĦһ£ 
    òš 
    һ·ҡû¶ѽ
Ҹʲô 
    裬һûԷءҶ 
    ˲Լѽ 
    üί˵ҲûҴкһֱ
ء 
    һʱ˵Ҫˣ㻹Է˰ 
    Ķĺóѽ 
    ƨһۣԥһ£վ˵
ȻݸϰȥҸ 
    ̬ģˡҿĵĴӦ֮ƨƨ
Ļصǰĥţ쵽ȥˡ 
    ʮӣһ뵰˽ҵǰͶ
ˣ̻ʵĳա 
    û뿪վǰ˷ҵľӣʵѧϰ
ô 
    ѹе󡣡 
    ѹģؼôѹɶһۣ
ȻĮ˵ѧϰǸԼѧģǸѧģǸ
ѧġ 
    ҵͷӦͣͷ˼̲֮סʵ裬ȥĶ
ôŻ 
    ˵ȥĶйϵ𣿡 
    ҾǺ棬ʡԵ޹ʵĶһϣҲ֪ԼΪʲô
ɣ 
    ֱ˵˵ȥȥˡ 
    ҾЩˤڵϡǲõԤУȻΪ
ʵҼʵȥȥѽ 
    ôͲȥˣһɶû𣿡 
    ǡӦҵģ׿ڱ֤ģ˵Ǹ߿֮ǰȥ׵ġ 
    üһ˭вҵģô߰ҪҾ㣬
ҪٸЩҪһ˽飡Ųţ 
    ҵͷʱԲܴ̼裬Ըһ˵
Ҹ˾ͼˡ 
    û˵ʲôҳ֮ʰ뿪˷䡣
һţĥĥȥоϴε飬Щˣ
ߣ˷Чȥף˵ȫǹģ
ô᲻Ӱҵˡ 
    ˣٺҲˣֻӲͷƤˡҲȷ
һʱԴңҶԴС 
    ֿʼװǷϵ·ӣججĲ֪Լڸʲô˭˶
֪ڵѹܴ󡣿ֵǣԴ˺ûʲôӦҲ֪
ǲǹװġ 
    ԽҾԽǲúøϰͺڸһҾ
СƵģҪͨԲĸ׵ע⣬ﰵ˾ģ
ִҪȥԼᣬҾͷ߿ 
    ˼죬ηЩԾˣҽе칫̸
ġҺǣ⽫ǷϵԵͥȻڶ㱻
ѧУ 
    ϻصޱʵô£˵˵ɡ 
    ܲµθ趼̸ЩʲôҰüͷһ壬ɻʵ
˵ʲôأʲôô£ 
    һۣװ⣡ʦ˵Ͽκģ
һʲôѽҵǲ 
    Ѿ˵ˣҸɴڳһ¿ˮ̵ӣͷŤͷ
һߣ֪ʡ 
    ǲúøϰǲ 
    ǵÿˣҪǵøȥҲˡ 
    㡭ķĿԲؾϢãŭ
Ҹ߿Ը⿼ͱˣ 
    ֪˵ɴ˳ŸڵӻǰóϷ
ʵ˵أʲôѽ 
    ˵Ҳ뿼ͲˣϷҲûϵ˰ɡһ˵ţ
һϷʼԹԵ 
    ģһŰϷ˳ȥüʵ裬ʲô 
    棡ңϷ߳ȥ񫣬Ȼ
򿪴ֱӶ˳ȥȻЩϾɣҵʱҲˣ
ôˣûЩ۵ġ 
    ۡһϴţת˳ٳʱ
һߦȡŭңȵ 
    ˹ĴӵվߦȣҵĴͳ˼£
ŭ棡棡ٸģ 
    ǿʹҧһԡˣߦһӣ
ɳϣֵֶͷס̾Ϣ 
    Ҽ鱯ˣЩ̣ԭȥοһǿ
ĬĬػصڶϣҸɴڴϲˡ輸
ţҶװû 
    ۿҪٵˣʵûаϣ˸٣Ȼ伱Ҵҵϰ
ȥˡڴһ죬Բȣֱ°ɲ
ʵѾǳˣʤĹؼҪҧǿС 
    ֹһҹʱҸоͷĿѣѾЩˡվ
棬һţûзӦʵ޿̣ŷ߼š
ŰҶܸоķŭоʱҲˣš
 
    貢δֹֻͣۡһű߿ŭ
˽ʵС㵽ʲô

4.17 
    ֮ұλƵɻص˴ϣһ޿ģ
СֹҶѾˣˡ 
    㡭ҧгݣһʱ侹Ȼ֪Щʲôˡץס
ҵĸ첲һѽקŭʲôӣϽҳԷȥ 
    ұקϳңǸ˲ٿصľżһ͵
˿ɳϣ轫Ͱҵǰ 
    һۣתһԣС˵˾䣺Ҳ䣬
һ 
    Ұβһ̾ǰɣ 
    ҷʵǹ𣿡 
    㵽ô 
    ôȲԼġ˵ˣ߿֮ǰȥ׵ġ 
    ȥףʲô˼ǹҵ𣿡 
    費ãʲôҸʲôҪ㣿 
    ۾ֱΪ㺦¡һϲĶӡ 
    ˵˵Ӧ͵վ˵
ѧУ١ 
    ʲô 
    ȥҽϽ˷·ȥ轹Ĵߴ١ 
    ˹˵ҲȥҲòſҽúܣ
׵ĺܣ֪ԼڸʲôҲ֪ԼҪʲôҼ
۾ңŭĿУһ˿Թ 
    ҳ̾һ˵裬֪ҴСͶһĸ飬
һбĸӵĸ顣ֱ֮ҲףŮ֮ĸ飬
˶Ů˵ϲһʼҲ֪ҵĸף֮ǾԲ
ġƫƫͷ⣬òܱ˿ܡ裬ү
𣿡 
    üͷһ壬һֲ˼ңĬã˵
Ƿˡ 
    ԳЦǷˣϲԼ裬ѵǷ𣿲
ҲòŲģƹˤ˵Ҳͦõġ 
    ҲãҲҵĶӣôجج
Ļȥ 
    ˣھء 
    㰡һʱҲ֪ô죬ֻ̾˿ε˵
Ȱѷˡ 
    ҲȷʵͷЩ˵
٣Ϣһɡ 
    ҴӦһһһϰȥˡҶڼ
ԼΪǷ̫һЩ漴аοԼҶҴԼ
ˣںʲôأ 
    ķԸڼϢһ磬ȥѧУϻʱ
ѾˣɳϣֵֶͷһݡС˸к
ȥҽס 
    ߵԣͷߵλӣʾ¡ 
    Ĭκ󣬶˵İɡ 
    ðﰵԿģ̸ģ˵Ѿ
òˡ 
    ˵ɣ㵽ôģ 
    ôģ֪ 
    ֱ˵˵˾䣺ûܵġ 
    ҿЦãֱӰѻ˵ˣǻ̸ʲôѽ 
    üЦСôúѧϰôѽ߿Ϊ
˭ѽΪң 
    ʵνģҲϴѧҲġ 
    ǰô࣬˵ˣ 
    ûаҶǵá 
    ǵ㻹 
    û˵Ƭ֮ε̾ϢУ߿Ϊ裬
һģ渴ϰвУ 
    УҪҶġֻͣһ£
裬˵ûʲôģҪһЩ 
    Ҫʲô辯Ŀҡ 
    Ҫһķޡָ˸һæ׷һ䣺
һ졣 
    ûʲô̫ķӦĮ񲢲žȡûдӦҲ
ûϷԣֻһԵĿҡ 
    ׼Ҳ֪϶״Ӧģ˵
裬һԸֻҪңһ죬ⱲҲֵˡ 
    ûл˵ޱעҡ 
    Ҽûеͷͬ⣬Ƿ
һ֮£ֻüɱﵣ裬òã
廪ѧĻһԸòã 
    һɻĿңҪ廪 
    ҵͷװһεı飺֪ϣãҲ
һЩòãòð 
    Ҳ˼ʱ䣬ϵ׷ʡΣʵ
 
    šҲ֪뿼廪ʵûпܵģֻԼһ
ЩϣҲظ仰ʶ 
    ֳĬƬ̣Ҳϵ׷£ڵ˵ͷҿĵСָ
ǿ蹴˹ָ˵Լˣϵһ겻䡣 
    軹Щģæȷһ飺ǿ廪ѧǸ廪
ѧǲǣ 
    ǣǸ廪ѧ 
    ԼֻҪ廪Ϳˡԣҵʵ
⼸ǲɵҲˣŻӦ 
    Ҳ뵽ˣҿʼí˾ϰ֮ǰҪÿԼ
ֻ˯Сʱ֮⣬еʱ䶼⡣һ컹
ԣʱһãҲס迴ȰϢҾܾ
ˣҾǴ˼Ѫһ쳣ܡ 
    Ȼһ֮ԸԳĲˣڿεģ
ұ㱻ͽҽԺӵ֪ͨæң˵֮
֮ǰζ裬һҪݽϣ
ҲɰҹϰӾ͵òʧˡ 
    ͸˵ˣһ·ִ硣Ҫڸ߿֮ǰˣǾǰ
ˡڴߣ˵ 
    ҵʱ䲻ˣҵüӱŬСⱲΨһһλᣬ
Բ׷ҹҧ˵ 
    ôôѽ߿ҪҲܲҪѽ˵ 
    Ҳûа취廪Ǿʲô嶼ûˡ 
    ˵˵ȥμӸ߿ΪһѵûΪĽ
ôһ£ 
    ҧгݣն˵ڵĿֻһ£
֮⣬Ҷû塣 
    ɼ֣Ŀ˵Ժҹˣ
ҪʱԷʱ˯Ȱ˵߿顣 
    УʱôˣץĻˡ 
    ôôѽ輱ˡ 
    ͱˣзִġ 
    迴ңεһ̾ 
    ҽԺ֮ɱŲ߲ݵͷط⡣
ҵľһ첻һ죬̲סˣһ̬ȣȰ
Ϣһ°ɣĲеġ 
    ҷ飬ͷҲ̧ļᶨػؾУʱ䲻ˣұץ
С 
    ĻôȥǰӰ˲ɡ 
    ûϵģһܼ֡ 
    ħǲļֱָ̧һơǼ˫۰ݣ
ɫ԰ףһͷ鲻ֹЩˣ̾ϢϢһ
°ɣҪдˡǲ廪˺òã 
    УһҪ廪ֻҲʵҵԸ 
    Ƿˣǲ廪˺òãǻ̺òã㲻һ
ֱĸУ𣿡 
    ɿڣвɵóһƾ־ҧô
ãΪ˲ȡͬ顣ʱͣŤͷʵǣ
廪ĻǸԼͲ˰ 
    ΪʲôһҪǸԼأǻһԼ𣿡
ĿǶ˵磬㿼˱̣ȥŷ棬òã 
    ãնĻؾֻһԸֻǸԼܸ
ҶˣȰˣ֪ô졣һҪ廪ΪĿ꣬
ɹҲˡҲڽΪ֮ڡ 
    㡭ˡת뿪˷䡣 
    ⵹ǳҵϣԭΪʹЭû뵽Ȼôˡ 
    ȻѾһǾͼƴɣܿס
Ĺ 
    ô죬ҸоԼѾҪ;ƿˣȫƾһš
оۣҲڼ֣ҲڵԶ䡣
ֲȥˣƿţһѽϵȫʰ
˵Ҫдˣ˯ 
    ѾЩˣ۾κ˵Ǻαء 
    ƴһΰɣһῼ廪ġ 
    ˺ˣҷвüͷ壬۵˵
Ҫ廪ˣֻҪܿϱ̣ʹӦҪ󣬺òã 
    ˵ġ˲۾ 
    ģͷ΢һ˰ɣ 
    һͷڴϡεҡͷҡͷйƵĳ
鱾ͷϺݺݵһ£Ȼ߳˷䡣ԴȻЩۣ
ﻹͦģôļ֣ûа׷ѡ뵽ԼƵóѣ
Щ⡣ô޿κεˣҲֻˡ 
    õҪĽڿȫĵͶ뵽߿ˡһ
ʱڣҺʱָϵУ߿ͥһΧ
߿һ£ȫԸ 
    ôƽֽŵĹһʱ䣬߿ڵˡٻ
ЩŵģΪıôãʤڴһ٣ˣһУ
״ˡһרĸϰҲûа׷ѣɼҲԵĽ
Ҫľס񣬲ٳʧ 
    ߿ǰҹЩءʱеʵоô
𣿡 
    СȥѾһˣҲûʲô˵ġ 
    ĳ˵ϸˣñƵôֻҪ
þȫͿˡ 
    ЦЦʵҲΪҺáɢĸԣû
ţҰûˡ˵һҪ˵һԲô
ӣһͷ۲Ѱɡ 
    ΢΢ЦҲУϰˡͣһ£˵ͲҪ
ˣúϢһ£񡣡 
    ֪ΪΣȻӿһǸ⣬Էθ˵裬˵ģ
ôʱ䣬鷳ˡ 
    ͷû˵ 
    ڶ죬ҶǰȻǰЩţ뿼֮󣬾ͱ
ˡܵ˵ӵĻȽҲжԭҵӱ
ƽʱҪࡣ 
    ԽҺ跴ֱû˵ˣûѯҹڿԵ 
    ȴɼǶᵽʲôļ尾
ҲһһţΰοңҲûʲôҲֹһο
ԡ 
    ɼһ죬Ҳųһ623 ȫءҼ
޲ϰϢ裬һ£סˡȵ
°ʱҹװһͷɥӡ 
    ⸱ģΪҿˣҲûҷ˵·
ЩŹǣЦԺյģġ 
    ҵͷһԡ˼ΣûлӦѵСӣ
˵۾ûɵģһοԶѡ 
    ֹұƵô 
    ֻȫԸź 
    裬 
    һ˵ʲô 
    裬ҸоԼѾûʲô˼ˡ 
    鼫Ƚţ谡߿ûöѣʲôҪҪģ 
    ֪ģ֧һȥΨһǡڳûϣ
ˣһŻʲô˼ץץͷװһ޿ӡ 
    æȰ⣺ôûϣأֻҪţʲô¶пܵġ 
    תͷʵ˼ǣһϣ𣿡 
    Ȼû˵ָ֪ʲôһʱ벻
Ѱ˶̼Ҵ̼ңûֱӻؾ 
    ҲȥĻᣬգ۾ڴ׷ʵ裬˵
ϣ𣿡 
    Σ˵Ҳ˵ֻҪţϣ 
    ˵ǻһ޵Ļ᣿ 
    ұƵûа취ˣ轫תһԣĵ˵ͷ 
    ҿĵЦãҲˡ 
    һ轫ͷת˻ʵ㵽׿˶ٷ֣ 
    ˵623. 
    623 ˰С˾䣬漴Ӧ623 ǲ
𣿡 
    һЦǹˡ 
    üͷһ壬ʵ˵ûã 
    ⲻǸһЦ 
    ЦҧгݣְסҵĲӣҵԴ
ƣһߴһЦЦôЦ𣿵ӲС
Ҷˣ 
    Ǹ߿ˣҲԴëˣֿ湻ݵġ
۵İֱУȴԴֻġ 
    ҿĲﻹǺܿĵġǻû
άֶãҺٶ뵹֮СԼĿ˷ߣҲʹ
ţҪԼҵһš 
    ʱԼΣ浽ҪԵʱɾͷˡ
϶֪⵱һţζʲô¶˵Ͼе̫
ˡ 
    ұͱ˺þˣżǲܵġǺ
ǵšȥɲУҪǲȴ˵ͱȥ
ˡ 
    4.18 
    һʱ䣬Դ±̸ܶƺңԼ
£Ǳ̸ܶԽԽʵڱﲻסˣֱ˵Ķ
˵裬߿ˣҲˣԼõ¶ʲôʱ
գһѽ 
    ԵúܲȻʵʲôԼ 
    ǣһķѽ 
    ŶǸѽһˬʴ󷽵裬ȻŤԥ˰
죬˵ʲôʱпաšûʲôհʱɡ 
    ʲôʱ򣿡 
    ʱ䡣 
    ʲôʱ򣿡ҲȥĻᣬ׷ʡ 
    šȸ߰ɡ 
    ⷬ˵úûȻҲ֪ںŪɵӡҼˣ
˵Ҳ̫û˼˰ɡ˵˵ġ 
    ˵˵ãҲû˵ʲôʱѽһ˿Ȼ
˵ˣһ£˵ɡ 
    ܾԼһǰһ裬ʲô뵽ˣôû
ǵȷеʱأǱ 
    ߿ˣѾȫˣ˺׷󣬲ͣ
ʾԼ顣ǺǣԸѣһһ켱
ֽһֱյ¼ȡ֪ͨһ죬̲סˣǡñ
ͬѧȥˣֱʱ˺͡ 
    һ֪ͨ飬µѾ¼ȡˣ裬
ѧˣ 
    ϲϲҾ˵ҶֲǱŬһ»ǿ԰õġ 
    Ҷ⡣ 
    裬ʵʵ˵ɣǲˣ 
    ҵߣӲЦѵõĴӣϳ
ȥԷɣף㿼ϴѧ 
    ҲԣʲôԡҪһ׼ҡҾͲԷ
ˡҸɴɳһˣ 
    ѵһףѧʱΪԼģ
Ϊҿġ 
    ⳵ꤻ˵ﻹиǸԼԼˣ
Ƥ 
    յĵңΪʲôԼûҪҪҪ
ñңҷҸԼ 
    裬ɱѪ˰ʲôʱˣҪƴȫϰģ
ҲҸϰġ 
    һңһʱ侹֪η 
    ҳû˵裬ʲôҲһġ
һԸֻҪңһ죬ֻҪһ죬ⱲӾ޺ˡ 
    û˵ﻹǲܽ顣 
    вòãò~ Ҹɴյԣʹ
󷨡 
    㻹֪ѽ 
    һ죬ֻҪһ죬ҵԸҾҲΪˡ 
    趢һͻȻͳֻһ߷һʵȥ
Ķԣ 
    תƻ⣡ɳһɣʲôҲԣ 
    Ҫ˵㻰ҾͲԷˡ 
    ˣ˵ 
    ҼתߣˣĲ˰ 
    ԾͲԣһˡ 
    ţԸԼǲˣұҪʹɱˣ
ʳ飡 
    ûгԣûң緹ûгԣ軹ûңϣ
ݺҳԷҼᶨĻشԣ 
    һûԶˣ㲻¶ѽ 
    Ҳԣ˵㻰Ҳˣ 
    ëû˾䣬ת˷䡣 
    ѾٷûˣͶĹˣǶĹؼʱ
̣ҲܷڴֻƵתעһ
ƿһŨζ˱ǶŤͷһۣһð
ĺŹ˽ 
    Ȼһ˵㰡 
    ֪ʲô⣬תһԣװûûûż
ɴڴһŹǳİ죬һ߳һ
˵ĺŹѽþûԵôĺŹˡ 
    ˫ס䣬ȴʱ˵ġ࡯轫ŹǷ
ҵıǰ˻ΣŨζǹ֮УӸˡ
ҧһڣҲ֪ôĺһֵŹ
ƨѽ 
    ֱŹǳˣҲûջң˵ǡ
ġ˵գĹĵ˦Ŷȥ 
    ôһ죬ʼղϳԷЩˣǺȰ
ŻвҾǲһס軹ǲĿҶŽ
˵ˣϽԷɡҿһ£ 
    һˣĵЩǿĵϲãŤͷ
ʵһ£ʲô˼ 
    ǡȳԷٸ˵ 
    У˵ףȻҲԷ 
    ü̾˿¸˰ɣ 
    ҡ䡯һ£ʵģ 
    ~ һΣ漴ּ˾䣺ֻװװӰװһ
£ܵˡ 
    ȻȻһҵԸ 
    ¶Ҳ̫ˣֻҪòͿˡĿѾﵽˣҿĵĸ
ȥ´ʱ˫һЩڵϣ˸ 
    Լʱ䣬죬ҿʼóԺúȡϸһ£
Ӷգϰ࣬ȥ
ڹ˾Ӱ࣬һôɻȥҵ취ֹļƵóѡ 
    ȴӣ˵ֱǼ尾˵һһŹģ
ᵽЩȴڵôˡò׵ڶ
ȥ˸ͣȻ˸裬Լġ 
    ͷҼһ˯ҲûУڿšţл
ʮ֪ҵͼһϴ
ϣҷŷסˡ 
    ֮£ֻźĻԼҶؿշˡ峿Ȼ
Ԥϵǰ㣬ñƽʱˣҪû׼ˣ
ͣһңѧϰֵĿǣк
˰ţ 
    豾ûȫ˯ѣеԺôһɤӣе£ʵ
㡭㺰ʲô 
    Űӣźʲôѽ 
    ŷӦһţ첽ȥ׷ں棬
ŲӺ㰡緹ŪˣȰ 
    ϴ֮󣬻صĻһ·Ȼ㼱Ҵҵ
Ҫţ˵칫˾飬ҵ˵ߡ 
    Ҹæڴſڣ˵һ緹
ҲһھߵġٳԵ㰡 
    һ߻Ьһ˵м£·ϳ԰ɡ 
    治ɾҽӲק˻˲ԣЦ˵㿴
ΪӪͣϽ˰ɡ 
    ֲңѧϰֵӣһ
ԷһֻţʱʱԹʾۼ䡣ƽʱԵ
Ҫ죬ƺǼҪεľء 
    㣬˾䣺ţǵýʲô𣿡 
    ͷһĮĻ˾䣺֪ 
    ϸһ¡ 
    һۣ˼Ƭ̣ 
    Ҳڼ˵ʲôӡˡô
Ľգ𣿡 
    ЩǺĿңգ 
    ѽ𣿡 
    ԭʲôһǷˡǿ
𣬲ɨҵˣ˳ҵ˵˵ͷաţ
ա 
    ǲϰˣǳȥһɡ 
    ϵĻؾУҹ˾ﻹ£벻˼١ 
    ¶һʧı飬̾Ϣðɣæɡ
𣿡 
     
    š 
    緹輱ҴҵҪȥϰࡣٳʱҵ¡ң
ʵָʲô 
    һľѽ 
    ӻ֣ϰȥˡ 
    ҽȥ˵㻹ûء 
    ˵̫˰ÿҳٵˡ 
    һߣȻ費עʱǰպݺݵһڡ 
    һ㶣ű׵ĵطüҴǲ˵ţ̧
Ҫ 
    æֵ̧첻ܴҰֲӣϹ
š 
    ҵžһƣŴϹ쾭壡˵գʶ
ĻЩЩΣҲƵĳ˼š 
    űĵط̵ġоԼľ»ɷһ
ոշ־ȲĵӻؼˡҿʼͥеΣ
ڵɨĸɸɾҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪôǷǳ
ġ 
    ÿһֻ跢ϢһЩǳ黰
ĳյЩϢʲôķӦνģ
ҵţôϷǺϷġҪһĻ 
    緹Ϳʼ׼óеĻܰ˷䡣 
    һж׵֮Ѿ쵽ˣǰĹ˾
һѶϢ 
    ţʲôʱ°ࣿ 
    ˽ʮӣŻظӰ࣬ùˡ 
    Ҿ֪Һз˾䣺ûϵȥ˾ѽ 
    һ΢Цı顣 
    ȻܿʵҪ˾ 
    ǰѾ쵽ˡ 
     
    Ϊʲô 
    Ϊʲô̫鷳ˡ 
    Ϲ°಻쾭ʲô鷳ģ 
    Ǳ 
    ֻܸоĽţǿЦ⣬Ѿˡ 
    һŸĽ־Ƭ˹ȥ 
    һ˾䣺ţȥ 
    д¥ǰĵȴţûһϤĸ߸Ьû
ȻΧ߸ЬŮʿܶ࣬һǺȷǶ 
    һOLװ磬ͷϻ˵ױɫV Сװ
ɫ£խһȹɫ˿࣬ɫͷϸ߸Ь 
    ֱϱЩĮҲЩ׺ݡߵҵ
ǰʱһ·ŮԱش˸к΢΢˵ͷǻӦ 
    ϶ѾˣЦ˻֣ڸպһϡ֣
ݺݵصңָ̧һ£ʾϱ졣 
    ҺʶȤߵҵǰʱʵװģ°ˣ 
    ݺݵذһۣõʵôˣ 
    ҪӣһڼҲͦû˼ģ͹
㡣 
    òš費ͷ˵˾䡣 
    Цʵ°𣿡 
    豻ҸЩˣ̾һšһ 
    Ҹæ˵ǸϽؼҰɡһϲҪ㡣 
    ϡСֹһ䣬ȥˡ 
    ؼҵ·ϣһֱڽӣͼ迪ģʼһĮ
ȤӡҲںʲôҲúܣҲûָ
һӽҵġ 
    صӵʻʱЩԾŤͷңʲô 
    ~ ǣ֣ҫƵתһȦЦʵ
ϲܰѸڼһĿܰȫ˻ 
    ۾ɺ˵ڲϲܰˡ 
    ϲʲô 
    ϲβͻ 
    βͻ 
    ֪ǹô˵ģҲ⡣ſڣ·
ַɵתһ£ڵʵ˰ɣҪҪ㰴Ħ
һ£ 
    á費飬ûһֱۣȥ
⣬֮󣬰һۣʵϸҸʲôأ 
    Ҳ֪Ҹ߾رĿġ崺һ㣬
á 
    Ƴңε̾˿æʵôˣţʲô
𣿡 
    ھķ¡ 
    ңôˣ 
    Ƥҩһճң㷳豩ϴϴ֣Ȼ
תޱĶ˵ʽ顣 
    һ㶣ֻ첽߻ңʼʰæʵ
ǸʲôѽҪҳߣ 
    һʰһһ˵ȥذȥס
죬ͷһ˰Эġ 
    ֪迪Ľڣæ˵ҴˣҴˣ
ߡһ˵һǣַҵϣ˵ҰɣҴˡ 
    Ұɡ 
    ֳͷ˵Ҳ򣡡 
    ɣɣŴϹ쾭塣 
    ˼£ûɹ˵Ҵİ 
    ɴɣֻҪô򶼳ɡҷſ֣
˹ȥû˵ҵԴݺݵسһƣ۵Ұһ
УԴô 
    ЦҴģѽ 
    ԴίͰ͵Ŀ¿˰ɣ˰ɣ 
    ΪЩΣ̾Ϣˣȥɡ 
    һ˰һ 
    ˳˷䣬ʼ׼ͣϰ̨Ӫաһ
׼úһװȥò͡ţҲ
ңҲżͣţֱõͷˣ˷šЦ
˵ţԷˡ 
    һɫװҲƣģɻʵʲ
ô 
    ҴһʼԸջĥӲ֮
£īɫ 
    Ҳɷ˵ǣ˲ԣȻ򣬽ŻƵ⣬΢
Цؿ衣貢飬ߵƽʱѧϰģЩϡŹֵ
ͦеġ 
    ǰһкܶ˿ĵСϷءлˣһһչ
ʾ㿴 
    뿪Ц˵˰ɣѾ¶Ҫˡ 
    У顣Ҳȳ˷˵ѽ 
    ҰӣȻΪĸ߽űԵϺơ辯
ĿңʵȾƣʲô˼ 
    ûʲô˼նѡòŵģҲˣȻ
ôšҶƱЦ˵cheers. 
    ǿһ¡ٱ֮ʱҳûͳ׼õ
ӣǰһǺɫСУ漴̧۶ң
ƺѯ֮⡣ 
    ͸ҽӴ򿪣ó䣬Сõ
ǰЦ˵ϲ 
    һۣûκεı飬ҲûκεķӦץסС֣
ҪָϡһԺʽе飬ĺ壬
ȻˣƴҪֳճȭǲϾͷ 
    Һ˰죬Ҳû̾˿ͷɥ˵
ָ֪Ǳ˵㣬ҲǧǮ㿴Ҳ
еĻˣ˶ƱˡҽǮ
һһִֹ㡣 
    ֪ⷬǷжҡһ󣬾ؽ̯
һЦæָϣ޵ʲô
ǧǮ궼ܴɳĮ֮ǵĸо 
    ˣ֪ˡֿ̧һ½ָȻҪ
ȡæֹüոϣ⵱ҵժˣ
Ҳù˽ɡ 
    ԥһ£ַЦ˵Щģ
㳢ζôһţš 
    ˿ţţŽƷζһε˺һ
ʵһ 
    һζôûио̺İ⣿ 
    һۣ̫ˡҧѾ 
    Щʧı졣 
    ˿飬˾䣺һܲˡ˵û
㻹еʦ֡ 
    Ц˵ǲǿһҲɡҵϰ壬㵱ϰ 
    ĵʵǮأǮ𣿡 
    ѽǷޣľҵģҵľġ 
    뵱СԼ׬Ǯȥ 
    4.19 
    ЦԱȸղҪ࣬ӱҲôˡ
ҶƱȰţںһ 
    ȡ֪ǲǲͼֱ˵Ļؾ
ӣôȰȾƣû뵽ſȻˡ
һƬһ㶣ּڲԣͣһƵʵ
ڸʲôأ 
    Һ˵˵æͣŶǿϴѧôҾ͸
ףһ¡ 
    죬õ˵רҲڼҵʱף 
    ôʵˣôʱˣ㲻Ǹͬѧ
ȥ𣿡 
    һѾ˸ָ飬Ҿǰˡ
ɳϣϴ˰˹˵ûûءŪûͦ
ġͣŪôʲôôʽ 
    ˵ţ߿˹ЦЦ˵а
֡ 
    һȻûʲô˼ĶҵԴһ£
ѵ˵˵ʲôѽֻã 
    һ߳ԣһ߽;еȤ¡ԭôһ
ͻȻҺءϸһ룬Ҳͦõģ
ڣջԾһЩҲôһֱˡ 
    ŻᣬʱʱؾӣȰҲ֪Ķҷ
˽ģǶԼľ̫ˣȻ߲ˡҸоƵĶ
̫ˣȷʵеѣó˼İ׾ƣʼȰ
׾ơ 
    ͼ¶̫ˣֱ˾֮·˽֪ˡһʼ
Ƶĵңɹһ󣬷ʼ󷽵ĺһЩƣ
ģҾ⣬ÿһ͵ţ
ľҸѽ 
    ؿŪɳ׾ˡҵľ϶裬ûԼ
ˣϾͳ׵ˡе㵨ˣʼùģ赹
ǷΪϵȰҺȾơ 
    أЩͷĿѣĸо֪ôȥĲˡ
䣬ˣתһ룬費һֱǺβƾͼƣ
ɾأ 
    Ҹɴſ˺ȣ¶֮󣬾ͼװббɳϡ
ΪλЩۣԱ֮󣬾ȥ˯ˡһԹ
һӣȷˣݻ·ϴ˯ 
    ﴫϸ΢ˮʱҷɳŵ
ǰǽڣ̽ͷȥֻ贩ſɵķʽ˯
˯㣬վϴ̨ǰࡣͿһɫĶ飬˫۽
գǰԸеķ΢΢̣Բ˵ԡ 
    Ѿãٱǰ⸱һ̼Ҹоȼ
𣬿˲䲪ŵߵ󣬿Ϊĺ
ˣԱȽϷɣδ衣 
    ſ˫֣ڰգԥһ£ţͽˣһ§ס
ϸͬʱϣƨϡ͵һʶ
غ˾䣺˭Ϊ۾޷ֵ˾䣺С 
    §裬ѹϴ̨ϣͷ޳ѩ׵Ĳںڷ
˿ɢĵ㣬Լ츾˶е㡣ͬʱ貿ǰһͦ
ᱡ˯£˷ιڣĸоֱˬ
Ļ 
    ţѾ˯ˣһ°ɡߣ˵ 
    轿ֱ첲ײŭĵǳ⣺Сҹ
 
    ţò~ ҵ˫˳֫һ·ϣ󸲸˷鱥
ϣű˯£󣬸ǷС 
    ëҵؽϵĽĨȻ
С˰ 
    ֪ΪΣҾƽʱǰ裬˷ܡ
ĽԼ뵽ɷһɫ֮Уģ
ͬԼӣúһ 
    ؽ⿪˯µĿӣ˳ڽ˽ȥ󣬴
ʻĿҽ§裬粽ãС˵
ţô󶯾Ȼٰѱˡ 
    ȻѹɼңϢϸ
ҷ 
    ֻ黬֣סշţ̰ŷ
ϵ嵯 
    ţıﲻסˡкã͸һΰɡ 
    ҧгݣ˵ֻǼװһ£ôϽ𿪣 
    ޵ģвȵģţ͸һΰɡһΣòã
ȥ顣 
    һ˵ţһ˯㡣æֹΣ
Ĵ³ǿᣬ֪ͬҷйԹˣѹ
ɬ˵˾䣺֡ 
    ԥƬ̣鲻Ը˵˾䣺ðɡ 
    ⵹Ҳ⣬Ҳûһξͽ蹥ֻҪһһε
ͻĵߣǻᴥĺߵġ 
    ҪȥԼĿӣæ˵ݡ 
    òˡ 
    ұߣ費Ĵҷ֣ȴΪ
ϴקĽ̫ļһݣһģ¥
һ˴ϡ 
    һ˳ƽѹ£սѩԸеǣһŨ
Ũǹ֮У꣬쳣ˡ 
    ˫ֵҵؿڴҪƿ 
    ֻСƵģſϣ̰˵㣬Ҳ
ţҵĽͬڿһȻץס֣ǣ̽
˫֮䡣 
    Сһ˲䣬ҵĶһ£ܵһ
קţûѣƬ֮󣬾Ȼģס
 
    ˬſϣһ¡üͷšҪ
Ͽεľ棬Ĵָʳָ˸ȦżӲļͣ
Ū 
    ѹϣһԱ鷿ѹ⣬
ҵؿϡҾҵĴϢţЩƣԴκģٱ
ôһףֱˬߵղ֪ںδ 
    ţһЩٿ㡭̲סš 
    糺죬ҧ촽𽥼Ӵ׽ٵ۶
ֻоϵĿУ̫ǿңټϱã
ӹ򣬾͸оһϮ̲סҪˣҪˣһЩ
ٿһЩ 
    轫תһԣסͣɿŪգ۵Ĺ򣬼һ
һɹɵŨ׾ҺڼҵļɲסŪ
ҪȫեƵģֱҺŽطŻٶȡ 
    ػؼžֻʣҴصĴϢã轫ֳ˻
ʶһֻۣϸ׾ϣճճһɫճŨ
ڰգͣƬ̣ȻһĨҵϡ 
    ˣ˰ɣĮ˾䡣 
    ѹϣΪȻѾйɼͦ۾
ӣûϨٶȼ 
    ţһҪſߣ˵ 
    輱ˣң˵õֵֻġ 
    ţһΰɡһΰɣòãһΣô
أһεĻͲһźԺһġ 
    㲻ǳ⣺ҹ 
    Сһ㣬˱Ͳˡ 
    ȻѹС£Ͽ 
    ǡɡ硭졭 
    ˵꣬һŭ 
    ֪϶ӦҪнˣҿڽ
ԽԽܡ׳Ȼǡ
ҷŽȥһºòãһ£Ҳ˵ţҴӿڴͳ׼
ıף˵ӣӣûһ𣬾ͲǸ
ã 
    ûлشֻǽֵҵؿڣ 
    òãòһΣŽȥһ¡òĶ
ţӷڴߣȥ˯㡣 
    ȥɫŵ˵ְ֣㣬òã 
    𣿵ȻУ 
    Ҳ˫ק˯³ȣȴҲûʲôá
һ֮󣬻Ǳҳţ㲻ɷ˵ķżͦļʹ
ȥ˫£Ĵȼһ𣬽µСѨһ㡣
ҲķͦļѨѨ괦 
    Ҿȵķ֣ѨڴȻʪģһƬŢѲɣҲˣ
һ֣пϲֹȻҲʶˣչ̡ 
    ţҲˣǲǣҹƤЦ̼衣 
    ߵסҵĸ첲ݺݵһ¡۵ĵһȴ
ǰһͦ˶Ĺͷ׵࿪֬꣬ļ˽ȥ 
    ӣӣҵĵڹȽţЩɳơ 
    ҼЭпϲѣδʹֹͣͼǰͦ
ͷ˷۵İ׻ͷѨС 
    ͣͣһ£ͣһ£֪챻HѾˣץ
סҷڴߵıףҵĵݵҵǰ 
    ѨŹͷĸоʵ̫ˬˣ˵ʵô
ȥϾ׺ͲȫǲͬĸоϾûȫſ飬
ʱͲҪ̫ôˡ 
    ĽͷСѨ˳Ȼӹף˺װ
˼ϣȻµڰ׻Ѩ촦ҲûŽͽȥǾ
գ۵ļ£͸ź󣬼ֱ
ԡ 
    ֪ڽӣһ㣬˫۽գתһԡ
˫ȼ䣬ϵ˯ȫȻ󽫺ɫ˿ڿ
ǵһ¶˷۵ѩ 
    ôãٴμİ׻ͷѨˡĺͷһ
Ƿ۵֦꣬Ҳԥͷͷ
Ѩ촦ᴥֻ壬ʪܣѨ֭ƺȷŸ
ˡ 
    һֻۣ˫۽գĽëʱѩСֽ
ȭӲķ࣬ڵȴǼһ 
    ָֿµͷѨǻڷۺɫ⾷Ƶ
šĴָѹסͷ׼Ѩǻǰһ࿪۷꣬һ
Եͦ˽ȥ 
    ~  
    ģ͵س鴤һ£Ѩڵס
֭˲˼ͺһ㣬˽Ƶġ 
    ҵͷȥֻӲļͽŵĴģյİ׻ѨǱӲ
˺һƵġһٶѨȥͷ
֬һ㣬Ѩ⣬ֱѨ׻ġűףȻܸоѨ
ڵĹ¶ȣԼǻڵ塣 
    üͷҧ촽ǿŲϷһѩ׵ļȾһ
ƬӨɷǺÿ 
    ȻͷѾģԾɲ̫⣬ٶŻ
˼֡еһǽۡŹͷ
òҸоǣѨڵˮȻĶ࣬ѨڱͶµ
ģ֭ס磬ʪģʧһ㣬˳
ȾʪһƬ 
    С使棬˵ġĽ
γͷ뿪Ѩʱ͵ǰһ²Ѩ
֮С 
    ĺＷһƺߣ˫߬ס˴Ҳͣʼͦ
СѨＱٳ 
    ʼ˫Ŀգҧ´ײǰζɴ
˯£ȻؿһӿĲˡҪȥ⿪˯µ
ӣȴִһԡ 
    ֹHѾHˣһ鷿ɶģСʱֲû
һԹأ 
    ôԲ죬ûһ㷴ӦǸ轺ʲôֱ
Ҳ̫ȤˡǽӣڼϣǰͻȻ
ӲѨ֮УȻHŪ 
    ײһġžž 
    ĴȼѹؿϣšҲЩܣ
ǿŲȴȴܿƵļһЩ϶ƺߡ 
    ղѾһˣϻӣĽжȡĺ
ժӣʵĸѨǻҲ֪ڻʱֻ
աΪֲźֻܼӴHɵȣҲʲôɣһһ
£δεףΨһĿľҪH 
    ִӲļ;Ǵ׮һСѨ͵
ؾǻڵ֭ҺɫĽӣż͵Ľ
ߴߴ 
    轫תһԣټšһ𣬱ݽҧ´һʹ಻
ģˣԾɲϷ졣 
    ţҸɵˬˬҹ˵ЩɧҪ̼衣û
һûлӦһ߼ӴHȣһ߼˵˵һˬ
ˬϹHˬˬ 
    ˣ־סҵĶ䣬һš۵İһҽУ
ģۺۣҲ˵ˣ֣֡~ ŮŮ 
    豨ƵļӴ־۵ʱ˳壬Ѩףͷ
Ķӹģ֮󣬺޲Ҫ䶥һ㡣 
    ź~  
    边Ȼ̲סһ̴ٵ 
    Ҵϲһ̴ǳҵĶУҶ
Ŀʼĥ 
    軹šҵĶ䣬ҶԿܿģͽɿʶ
ץסҵĸ첲ӽڵֿҪоһ㡣 
    ϧʧǣôʼûٴô
Ƭ֮Ȼҵĸ첲Ĵ˼£ѵ³һ
֡ 
    ûӦãȻʵʲô 
    һ¡˵գ轫ͷתһԣߵĸʲôƵġ 
    һ£漴Цˣ 
    ˵գһͷ뿪ӹģһҽ
˫ȴӼ˫ְŴڲ࣬ҽ
ͷѨڴ˵ţҪHˡ 
    ûлӦҲ˲ôˣʼͦŴӲ쳣ڽ
۵ѨڣĽ 
    ſļHɣʼղϷⲻ
ǿģһζԽHԽ£ѨHŪţ
ﲻͣغϹ㣡Ϲ 
    ȲԸУҲóҲôܣҧס
ͷԵüͷڼһ㡣 
    ֪ΪΣ˵ģһ󼤶һ֣֪Ҫͣ
»ȴΪʱҺѾӿ 
     
    ſϣڴڵĴŴȻﵽ˸߳
ĲǺʹ죬СѨѾӲ 
    ҿһʱ䣬ϾҪ12ˡ 
    ϹʱϾҪȥˣǶӵʱˡ


˼ҹ룬ôãȵľһ죬һεȻǲģһӡҸղźŪʱ˵ģӣⶼ⣬

ҽСѨĳ˳ճĤҺ׵ǰ˻Ũ׾ҺԭӦСѨġҪ״Ӽϳʱһ°ѣȻҵݺݵظһơ

ȻϻۣϷӦǰһ㣬һѹ跴Ӧ׼ʪܵⶴݺݵز˽ȥ

ͷ¶ڽ۵ӹϣ費ɵüͷѽһĿԲŭؿҡߺϵҶƬ֮󣬿ʼҵԴͬʱҪҴƷ

СѨխ쳣¸űף۹Ử֮УԽˬĻˣоԴϵʹҽѹ£ֽȳŵĿģһֱߣƨһˣͷѨ֮ʱһʣֱֻģ֬Ѩ֮С

ҧأʹ࣬Щߡǻȴ֭棬ڼżͣͣ䶯ո侫ӦûôеģǽȴʧľУʵڽ͡

ţ

Ҳ֪ʲôܣ̲˵ģͣƬ̣󣬾ͿʼͦżѨڴ鶯֮⣬ֱղܣٶ֮죬֮󣬺޲ýӶһѨС

ǻƺ齿²ͣ߬ŴȭҵԴʹ򣬿ȴϴ֮ȱǰƳMΣ۵ĽѾڰգųĶһһεģ˵ջ

ܸоõάԼһΪĸ׵ϣͬʱҲںǵһƽ߸ϣӺݻ豻ѹ£ͣHѨ¶ôһ˵̬ϵĿ֮⣬޷ݡ

һ˰ʮ£ײġžž˷Щ仯üͷҧϢ٣ﲻʱᴭ֮ҲȸղСЩֲٴҵԴǸĳץҵͷͬʱ׵ͷѨ֭ʢǿբĺˮһ㣬ųͦˮˮ©һ

ķӦҸ˷ܣҲڴˣϾ軹ִ֪ܵ첻ȫſ飬Ժлˡ뼰˴ǿű达ͷʹӴ˳ȥ˯µڡ

֪ҵ⣬æɿҵͷָ񵲡һ֮Щͷˣһѽ˯³˿ˣûд֣ҲûСģİɫϣȻҵǰҸеϲǣǽͷȻʶͦŵġӡ֤ҵ뷨иоġôܣȷʵܳʵġ

迴ֿʼҵĸ첲ƤҲŶۣ̼ԽԽ͡ΪƽŵԵʣǾ˶ķ΢Щ̯ƽʢ̽򡢰ۣų׹ζȼγˣֱۻҡ

裬裡Ҳټװһ߿ʶţһ߲ʵ

Сš̫ˡŭңҧгݵľ

ǿŲϷ䣬֪ôģҵﾹȻҪȫ뷨ƽ߸ϣҴѵ裬ѹ£߳⻭˷ܵһļƤ

裬治˵仰ѽһ˵ţһ߽𣬵ѩƽ̹Сǰĳʶ

α𣬷͹Եøӱ϶¼ٳ壬ˮ۵걻ݽ޵Ѩ̰Ө֭ŷۺɫѨⲻס磬Ҫһ㡣

˫߬ҵĸ첲Ӳ̧𣬽üͷݺݵضңϢҲԽԽ١Ҵû˾ȵӡĿԣԵƬ̣ܲǺεĻĿ⣬תһԣҵߡ

ͬʱڵ⣬ƺĸӽˣӤСְ㣬߬ŴӲļͣͣس鴤䶯Ѩͬڶһ㣬ǿֱ˻ֱ¡Ǹűףе㲻񫣬ﻹճľҺ

Һժӣ붼֪Ƕôء̽ɧ֮£һãʧݵģʱ϶ѹȴҵĿ϶ŭӣİοˡûбףĲȥǾʲôҲòˣǾH¡

֪أɽХϮȫûа취ѹƣΨһͷժӣѨڵĽԼȵ¶ȡ

˰ɣ

Ȼ¶˾ģĿŵժӣ϶ע⣬ǾͲ̫ˡ취תעС

ͦ壬ȵǻڽתԽԽ죬豻ײýҲ·ɣϢԽԽأʼպ촽գϷſ

ʱͣ£ȳƵӲ£һڳ˲ԵơȻ˫ְ貿λͦHŪʼձ۾ûҲûֹҰŪ壬ƺѾЩľˡ

Ҹоʱˣıȣһ̧ͦƨɣɿHŪƵԵʣѨЩɽţĸоȴʡܴӱĽͷѨĺܸߣѨڽխƬŰϷҵĽǸоѾԽߵˡ

ķԲ̵ķУÿײܵĸоҵĸ첲Ҹ´˫ָ鷿ϣ󡣰ųĶﴭϢĺ󲱾оЩʣ΢ײһ¡Ҿȵķ֣ѩ׵ļϾȻһϸСĽʿ˿ӰС

貢ǰ򶨡

һ֮ҹ⽫СѨл˳Ȼ󲻵Ӧַ²˽ȥ¿ʼʶHŪûκηӦڴϣҺHһֹ֮⽫漴˽ȥغ֮󣬸оѾϰΪˣٵĽ״ӼקҲ˲ϹͷմȾŨײоյѨ죬һ·࿪ȵǻ⣬ݺݵײ˽ӹϡ

~

֪ʲôоյĺ촽Ȼ©һԴʹ跢֭ĵСѨڣһǻڵĽزżֽͦȣѨһһϣ㣬ͣؼѹظоż͵Ľ룬ƽչ

ֻˣ׵ĸоã

͵͵ش裬ûʲôӦҲûзּϵıѾĵժϣֽץŴ΢΢ӨϷϸСƤˡԣĸоǿңʼնǿţͻ᲻й

Ҿôһ§裬ܹǶŵķΣһѨǻĹôĬĬش˰죬ʼûзѨǻѾùˡ׼³֮ʱȻ˾䣺ǲǺܵ⣿

⻰ʵһ㶣֪ʲô˼Ҳϸ룬ѿڶûСԥƬ֮󣬸ĿڵǡŮ񣬾Ȼܸġܵ⡣

豳ţû˵ȻЩ̲סҪԼĵʵ뷨ȫ׳

裬ŮߵĶȺеĽ㡣˵ģҴСͼϰ֣ȢţǼĸʱ룬ΪãǡǳĶӣʱ⵽𣿡˵ţҳ̾һӦǲģϾҾһ۵Сƨ

ĬΣ˵˾䣺û

ѽûΪĶӣԲſҵİ˵޼ɵ֪ʲôʧ˼㣬ɻᵱıӣʲôĴ£ԭҵġ

Ǳ޳ܡ

裬Բ̲סˡұ裬Ǹ˵ҵļͣѨ

̫ˡ豳ң̾˿Ҵһʼʹ뷨κεϣأ

裬ûһ˵ĴүҪͷĻһµɡ

ɥҪ֪Ҳûˡ

æֻܡ

Ϊֹɡ̾һһΣҪ´ˡ

еһ¶ʹʹһ𣿾һΣӽԺҵĺ裬һıӡ

ûдӦҲûзԣʲôһ㷴ӦûСҲɵһϲ֪Ĭҵ󡣵Щˣ軹֪Ѿײˣôݣһ·ˣǺεȵʧͷŭ

κ𣬵ͬʱȴֽͦСѨĳû˱׵ҿظܵѨʪȵ¶ȡͷµڣѨǻų״

ǳĽҲزţȻҧأϷһ˿żĳ鴤ԸоõƺѾ͵ļޡʱʹ໹ãǴ屾ܣôǿţ޷ûڶǰչֳҪģҪһѣݹǡ

ҽƽ˫֮䣬»ŮµơſϣͷûѨףĻ⣬ͷҪȥ촽轫ͷһ࣬㿪ܵһ¡

һУ׷촽Ҫȴ㿪ݺݵصһۡˣҹڷηˡ漴뵽跽Ǳʹ࣬һߵģ«ưѨףҲֻͦͷסѨ׻ģһ

~

Ȼüͷһ壬©һϸ̴ٵ

ѹϣǷϵ鼸ѹ⡣ܹ֣İ׻ıȽϸߣǸճͷƵģѹ棬ۼҪե֭ͷڻϣĦ㣬දţͨ죬ҧ͡ҲòȥͷѨģ飬ľˡ

Ż϶ߡںϾƵģѨģǲ϶һ¡ǰȣû˱װ£ԸֱӵĸоͷĹ̡˫ץסҵļȫҲʼĴ˰ӡ

ҸղѾһΣͷ̫Уǿ֡ǻû߳ôûһ̵úܡ˵ҲǷĺܣѨҺϵӿĵǣճճġ

裬ǲͦܵģҹʵ

ӣһϻӦҽ΢һЩû˹ͷʩѹԸоӹĻصһ¡ĿһۣҪþȫݺݵز˽ȥͷͬײӰ㣬ʵʵĶӹϡ

š

͵Ϲ̲סһ¡İ׻ͷѨͺ񱻶һ㣬һɹɵĹ֭ӿȪ㣬Ѩ׻ӿȺİ˹ͷһŨҵͷȥֻӱһץҵĸ첲һ߬Ŵ̴ڴţüͷ壬뺰ȴ

ұ͵Ϯһ£ſû뵽ôһ£ȻֱӰɳ˸߳ͻȻʶղǷ˵ʲôֻһΣѵھң֪ԼҪ̲סˣԹ˸ݵĽڣ

뵽Ҽؿٳ˼£ȻٴùͷסĻġ

~Ǻò״һ㣬һüͷңһΪߵı飬Ϣ˵𡭡

Ļѹ£ͷضŷ۵ӹģڶƨɲסŪҪഩһ㣬ǲð̺һͷѨƵĳ鴤ţȷͷҪˡ

㡭šҵĸ첲

ұƵĶסģʹѹ㱼䣬оͱӹ㣬ͷһڣ·뵽һȽ֮Уİ˹Źͷס䶯һΪĽɻˣҪγǴδζʵ̫ˣˬҽҧأͣص

ѽ~

һֳҧǿŲ³һ㺹Ǵˮ̳һ㣬͹󻬣˺ɶɵζʮԸСͬʱѩƽ̹Сסس鴤ţǻĽסճʧһ㣬סӿ

ͻȻʶѲҰӹˣһ뵽ʮҾȻķʽʵΣ͸оͷƤһ顣ˬĸоʵ̫ǿˣų鶯Hɼ£һûбסһɹɵĹŨۼĴӹϡ

ĸ߳δȴҵľҺһ̣ٶȾƵĳ鴤ҧ˫ŴƺҪ䳶һ㡣

ſϣڴڵĴŴҲشӸ֮߳У˹ģûаȻٴ侫Ѩûȫ

§裬ζŷ飬ȻõŮˡ̲סĸ׵裬Ұ㡣һӶ㣬κ˶㡣

ڲͣشϢš˰죬˵˾䣺һΡ

ô飬ֻһεĻʵǲ˻ˡֲ˵ֻ§裬ˣƵֻãĺ鱦ͶĻҸˡ

ô§ţûҲû˵Ϊ߳ԭѩϸļȾһ㱡Σһ㣬ɢŸе̴ζźҺϢǴҩ㣬ҸоԼһȡ

ŸʲôŪһ֮ʱȻĿԲһѽƿѵͷĴȥոճ룬۵ͷѨδȫϲЩ׵ѨڣһһϣϡƼǻڵճĤŨ׵ľҺűͳĭ֭˳

̧۵ң־ŭ룬Ҫģ󾵱ˣ군ˡ



 ĸϹ5.2
    Ҳڵĳ̫ȣ貢ûм𴲴ңץͷݺݵس˹ֽס˵Щʲôȴִ´һѽƿŶЩƣæȥܵڵϣԡϴԼ

ʱȻϴξΪժӣڣԲ˺һϵе鷢ҾȻΪԼܣַĴ

ȻΣҵԾûȥķйԭͦŵġʱŵȴû˰ӷЩµ˼㡣

衭ԲҡǹġվǰСǸʱԼԼαûʲô

ޱĵ˵˾䣺ߡȻԡҷš

صңԺŷŵĻ棬ͷϴƴҪڵľҺٳҵޱôңΪһǨãȴΪԼһ˽˺衣Ȼ˵ţҰ裬ⱲŮˣǡô

ֻˣǸô죿Ҹô裿

ھΰûڵͬʱȴһ˿˿ĵУϾŮԷϵÿһ˵Ըҵ衣Ȼ̺ܱɣ˽Ͼܵ˿ܡ

ڶʱҺȻһֺܲʵоƺϷһУһΡϣ飬Ǽٵģ߳軹ǰ§ҵĲӣǵ˵ţˣ

͵ĺңһжʵġңһκ˴Һ

´֮Ҳûм߳ңΪﴫ˽ŲӦġôȴЩˣ衣ﲻͣţ˶ô죿ҳʧˣô죿

ǻãǱҳ緹ġԥһ£ջǴ˷˳ȥҳСԹô£һһ˵ţߵǰʼŴ𴲡

Ҽǵ컹Ҫϰ࣬ôû𴲣Ϊ飬鼫㣬˾ȥˡ˺һ󣬷ڴ򿪣˳һɵļҾӷͷЩңɫܲźصĺȦ

߶߶Թ˰죬ҲûӦʱģû˵ܸоóʱǼΪӵġӦúʹİɣԼĶƣȴûа취һܾᣬʹɣ

ͺ󣬱ȥͬѧ棬轫ԼڷҲûгҼҷţҪ̽̽ҲûʲôЩģ᲻벻԰ҩɱѽͷҲһϾԸǾԲ벻ɵġ

ҵǸӣš¡ãȻھΣǱһϼ尾һ㣬ϵԼ֪ǲܽԼģϴƱķӣ壬̶顣һУ޿ɱ˺衣ҿڿ˵Ű裬µͷΪ˷йԼҵΪȴ޲˺裬еİҲߣֻѡ

Ҫָĸӹϵ֮УǼͲѨĸоʵ̫ɹˣֻйһξ;Բǵġڵңͬһ㣬֪ΪȴֲܿԼҪнѣȴݣԽԽ

һ˲䣬Ӧһ˼ˣҲֻҲŻ賹׷ϣܿģҾԺƴķͷΪԼΪڣĹϵҲ᲻ǰˡֻ賨Լĸ˵õѡ

ҡûа취ʧȥ裬֪Ǵ治ݵġ

еڵĻ֮һᱻʮ˲ġүҪͷĻһɣҲίԩġ

һһĹȥ貢ûϵ飬Ҳûжҽѵ𱸣·ȫûзһֻ̬ģҰ·ڹսһ㡣ҲƿЩεĻ⣬̼裬Ͼµģһ֮£Ҹ׽飬ǾŪɳ׾ˡ

һ۵Ĺ򣬵˿ѧӡΪҺԶغܲ㣬һ߾Ͳ֪ʲôʱܻˡһܳһ裬һֿĸоٿһΣڱϴѧˡ뷨ǲҸ˵ġ

ĬĬذʰһƴϵı飬ûʲô̫ķӦܸоõӦЩģϾСһûжԳԶţĸҲûзֿôáôԶġ

ʾĵӵһ£˵ЩƤʲôģǰʵЩΣԱǱЩƣʵôҸҪˣһʾҲû𣿡

ĮĻ˾䣺Ҫʲôʾ

˵ĸߣ¡ƽʱôҸ磬һ߶೤ʱҲزһҲѹ

ûƵģûҳûȤ˵ӦǴĸн

̲ס͡һЦ˳˵ҲԣŷԸ񡣲˵ܾû趯ִ˰

һôƤǲ

æôԣû˵Ҹ磬ż첻ϷߵҲû˰

ޱ˵ôˣʲô˼

æߣץסС֣ԼϴƤЦ˵ûϵҲӡҪ򣬾ܴˡ

һۣҪֳȴšߵһʲôã˵ҲҲá

֣ϴţ裬ٴһΰɡҲʱָоһߣþҲزˣһ٣ﲻ̤ʵ

ǶƵ˵ҲҪԼ򡣡

ЦʵҪҪҴͣ

ȥһȥҵһۡ

˵˴ѧˣ֡˱һۣȳȥҸ˵¡

Сһ٣ʲô°֪

ȥͳȥǸȥƿȥ



УǮˡ

뿪֮һ˶裬ое㲻ڡ֪Ҫ˵ʲôڴЩšã˵ǰ£ȥ͹ȥˡ

šվһԣɵĵ˵ͷ

Ҳϴѧˣ費ˣҪѧŶˡҵˣڱþڱɡ

һ͵ǲټ𣿡

Ǳ߱ϾһЩʺ˴ġڱվȽŸһ½磬Ҳйʡ

Һ˵Ҳ񴳵Ҳ봳ʲôôûϢĻһܵ˵ǲңԶһЩҪһΪҶΥԸֻĵġ˵ˣѧء˵˵̲̣ʲô»һءȵҵˣڱǻ˵

ţ֪ˡж־ķΥĵĵͷ˵

趢һſֱۣʾӵһ¡ҳƬ̣ӵһ𡣸軳ůǸжҶô飬Ȼûҡ

ӽԺһ裬㻹ҵĶӣǾ͵ʲô¶ûòã

ܰķΧ£˵ҵ˵ͷ轫§ڻҵĺ󱳡

Ϻȥϰ۲ͣҲΪСԴϴ֮󣬾Ҳûŵˡμ棬оЩ㲣ңܻѵӣȴ˪Ƶģ˰ġĸҲǣһȦɫܲãо˳Ƶġ˽ϰ֣ϰ˵ŵ蹤Щۣûʲô¡ܸоĳϰû˵ʵ

ұǰѧȥˡ貢ûȥվҲʲôᡣٳʱԼĿ죬ƺҪ˵Щʲôû˵ڡ

һα磬ԾסЩȻʧ֮󣬸оһжʣģ衣һ춼ţ޲Ϸɻؼ磬ʱʱ̵̿ߡ

µĳУµѧУµĻµͬѧЩ᲻ȤΨһܸҰοģûµʱȥתתϾȤãѧϰΪصҲ޷ᡣ

Ҳ˶ѡ

ǿ˼ƽʱҲϵò̵˹ڣı˺óƱҲƵĸϻ˼ҡ

ʱһ£ټʱ̬䵭ǿŵЦ⣬ɿԿóﻹǺܿĵġ

Ҹ轲һѧУֵȻǺ飬ȴ档ǰ覵ݣֱҲ֪ΪΣһҾǺȻʧȥһ㣬һ뷨ûУһ裬ֱѹĵ׵һȼ

ҵǲƣ޳Ĳϵأϸ̻֫ͦԲΣҲڴϣ̢ȴ־ǿӡ

蹲ļ䣬Ͼ޷ĥġҪ§ڻǵĿռҵͷ֪ôڣôնµΪ׵ĵԨ֮С

ֻʱѡԽԽʹࡣ룬ӦҲһİɡϾǸʱҲȫûзӦġӵʱַӦӦҲǺİɡӦİɡ

βܸĹϵһ˵βٴθ跢ϵʱһ벻顣

ڼҹ˼죬ۿҪУ֮ʱȻҽס˵мҪһ¡һʼһΪҪѯйѧϰ飬û뵽óһʲᡣ

⼯ʲ᲻ҵģеáƱҲûȤ߶ǣǴĶŪģ

Щɻ

㡭֯һԣ˵ġǷǮ͸һƱ˵ֵʮ򡣡

һ⻰Ĵ˹Ƚʲᣬһ¡ǰ涼һЩͨƱʲô91֡蹫һٶʮ꣬92桢ɼ94ѾɽȻƷ඼ֵ̫ͨ˽Ǯ

ΪСϲƨɺ棬Ҹʲô͸ʲôԶƱҲоۼЩ·ϲɵ¶ı顣Խ󷭣Խеļ83ǡ81ʮΣ80Ĺַ⡣

ЩƱҲֵǮҲôҲֵʮ򰡡ҷʲһҳʱҺͱͫ˲Ŵ󣬾˲ʯ˰㣬

ŵöƱһ׸Ʊķ

۾˹Ƶģӻ΢΢ţæʵôˣֵǮ𣿡

ֵǮֵ̫Ǯˡ֮£Ҿ棬̲ס˾ֿڡ

üͷ΢΢һƳһۣЩŽɣôƱֵʮ򣿡

ֹʮЩƱֵʮˡҴһ£ôҲʮ򡣡

ˣȥƱæȥȵʲôѽ

һͷˮĿҿ𣿡

ϰڳһרҵӣʲôôֱƱ𣿡˵գһ·СܻһƽͷӣҫƵЦרҵһ㡣

һۣ

һŵöƱҫƵʵֵ֪Ǯ𣿡

Ƭ̣²һǧ

һǧֵסˣҲֵ֪Ťͷҡ

˵ڵöƱмԪ¸

һ򣿡Եһ¡Ȼ󣬵ССƱֵôǮоеġ

¶һ㲻˰ɡı飬Ц˵裬ڴ˾ϰ࣬Ʊ¶˰ɡǼʰ߱еһƱҸһš

תңѯ֮⡣Ȼ䣬Щû뵽ܿƱǰһѡȻźƱҷ˺ôþһƱҲѹˡ

װһƵӣһöƱѣûʲô˵ġ﷽ֵͦǮġ

ֵǮ

šɡ

~ԲЦ˵ƱֵǮû뵽ôֵǮ

ĸֵǮƵһʮˡ

뵽˳֮С

Ц˵ҪҰֵϼ棬ҸĻ鷿Ͳóˡ

ҽһ䣺ǰǰļױҲóˡ

ҵļױòƱ

û֣ķżʲᡣǰҼʵİöΪҵɥ־ڵı飬ӦЩȤˡ

Һͱ˼죬ת裬ɻʵƱҪʲôѽ

ƱתˣҲûʲô·ϲʣҰƱûǿܲҸҡ̧ͷһۣҸ˵ˣСϹģôصĶ̸ǰ죬סҲǲͶҽҪûǿ

һûڣ˵𿴲ѽʲô˵ѽҸ򵥣ǰɣ硣

ҵͷͣƱƷ಻ҸȷʵҲʲô¡

轫Žɣţҵң

Ҳû뵽ΪԼļʰãгһջǰ¶һһæЩˡɵ˵û⣡С˼

ʲôܾܣܾͲܡţƤ˰ɲҡ

Ҿţǿ԰ЩƱˡƱгůƲ﷽ϼ׬Ǯ

ұǰ¶һ֣ʾһԼļʶҲܸ׬ǮˡȴΪ˵ҵңͰˣЩеûеġ

ǣҲǼҲ򡣷廻Ǯˡ

ϻæܰǾͰͷúǳԶٷм䵱ӡ

ǮΪʲô׬Ҿе̫ˡҲûôǮҲղˡȻ˵գǾͲ£ȦôãʶһЩ˵ģҸҵǲѡ

ЩźĽƱһŵļϸϸƷЩƱĺܺãԭ˺ܰϧǡһƱֵͻȻһ˿ɻЩƱֱԵծһ²٣ҪֱƱծ

ȻЩǣҲû¡ڿһŹɽˮʱȻоЩԾڵƹϸһƱȻ¹ˮϴġͷһæƱϸϸĹһ顣

ܵظо£æʵôˣʲô𣿡

ûϻش𣬽Ʊһ֮󣬳̾һü˵ܶƱϴƱź﷽Ҳ¹ˮġ

Ȼ˵ʲôæʵʲô˼

ϴƱǽˮƱ˵Ʊûбãùˣھ;ȻóɹɣͿϴùߣž͸Ʊһˮ֮ùûˣƱıҲϴˣ͸µһƷѾȫƻˡ

˸ţü΢΢һʵǡǲǲֵǮˣ

ҡҡͷϴƱ۸ۿ۵ġѾֵǮˡ

û˵Ĭ֮绰һ߲һߡȻ˵ЩʲôӦںͺͨߵ

ҳ֮һЩƱ飬һһ𡣹һ𣬿һƣȻǺ塣Ҵҵؽ˿ʵô£

Ұ¸帴һ飬֮󣬽ЩˮƱϸһ飬ţʵѽҶ˿ġʱһȥƱг˿ġ

ʵǷǮˣһȥ𣿡

һ£Լϴһƣҧгݵ˵ϵˣǸУ

ϰֵСѧͬѧΪʱĹϵҲͦòġĶţοȱżСҲ㲻ⷽרңҲǿأ

尦̾ĬƬ̣תң˵ʲôϴƱǻǮ𣿲ɷֽ˰ɣ

æ˵᲻ᣬȻƷƻˣǮġûôֵǮˡ

廹ûڣ費ͷʵǮֱ˵ĸ˵ˡ

Ҹղϸһ£ЩƱȫ¹ˮģĻһЩҲֵɡ

Ϊû뵽ȴ˿Ц˵СҲУˡ

ҲŰοʮǮծ׷Ѿˡ漴Ťͷңܰ𣿡

ѵܹﵽĻᣬҵȻϱ̬ܣҾȥҡ

˵һ׻Ǳʲˡ軹ǲ̫ң׷ʵ㵽ûаѽģٸԼ鷳

ظ˵û⣡ͷİɡ

ص֮󣬽̨Ƶƹ⣬ϸ۲ЩϴƱĥӦðЩƱ˭Ҳ֪ôģȻһһٸ֣ۡ˾һЩù߹ˮƱ֮󣬿ƭŵˡɴЩƱҲνҲӹһΣٻе㽻飬һ£˵ܸļ۸

Ѿ˴㣬ڴϣܾǰֵĻǲ̫æҰæҪǰ⣬ںǰ϶ӡǣôĿ࿴أ

Ժ˯ŵʱȻĳһ뷨ƭˣΪʲôҲأ 
    ĸϹ5.3
    ͵شӴϷһƿˮȻҳֵǮƱ̨ǰСˢ˱ַǰ˵ûԹеѾƱ漷һЩˮָὫͿĨȣŵڣȻɡ

֮һбƱԱһ£ǲҲ̶áûκα仯޹һ飬ؽˮͿĨȣһЩ仯ƱԲ⻬ĸоֻ߰ݡ˱ϾǲܸȰ

ЩˡǰƲƭˣǸ˭ܸɵ˵ġֻ˺ܶϣϢƱѯʣѶϢһһļԸĽεҵһЩ·ˮ˽ˮϡͽȺëմƱͿĮ̃£ŵɢ¶Ⱥ濾ٰƱڲ輸ϣһȵԲαӣѹȥ

һ֮һƱԱȣɫԲжȣЧ˺ܶࡣһһķ飬ʱԼĵز

Ҽֱ˷ܼˣûһ˿⣬Ȳĳ˳ȥƿҷšǡڻ·ֻûϣƬѩ鷿¶ҵǰ

ҲɵһĿһɣæֵסأһץݺݵس˹ȥӲȻǸ˳ȥŷŵĻ棬о˿˿ģҹȻǶ޷ͻѽ

Ϊǹģ֮󣬺ݺݵصһۡ

æͣ裬Ҳǹġ˵뵽һ취԰ԭ۰彫ЩƱȥ

ɻңа취ʲô취

ƵĽõƱݸ迴ƱһϲͨҲʲôҼظһ֮һЩüͷ΢΢һʵ˼ǡȥƭˣ

æͣⲻƭˡƱŶһ£ľֻܹԼû¡ǰ˲ټƱ

ķӦƺͬҽⷽϸϸķһ飬ȻָˣȻָλοЩĶˣԥԥҸô졣

ҽõļƻ˵һ顣

һ׼ڶ磬ҺһͬǰƱгҲ칫ɵģָ̫һ۵̯λȻʲύΪ˻ҽԼļʲҲ˳

谴ҵķԸʲ۴гתһȦǵһоЩ棬ⲻҿñټϴһ׺ɫĳ£߸ѥŴĸ󡾵Ϊĸ߰ޣⲻΧ˵Ŀ⡣

תһȦ֮۵̯λǰͣüͷ΢壬ͷ鿴üЦӭǰڵʵŮ򣿻

̧ͷһۣһ¼ŵʲᣬ˵

۴֣۾һģЦʵҿһ𣿡

װԥһ£ʲ˹ȥΪۣΧ̯λ̯˹ȥҪĻۻֳ𣺡ȥһȥ̯ȥʲô֡Ȼ˴ʲᣬһ֮󣬲¶ȡ

Ʊ

ΧȺ﷢һ̾˲ˣ̯ΧסԼ⣬ֵˣȻЦʵƱǴŪģ

˫ֱأ˵ҴĶŪģĶôϻ㵽ղգ

գ϶աǰ̬ŵúܵͣͣصͷǼ̽Ҿһ£Ʊֵƣ˺á

Ƴһۣ㵱͵ã

æ֡

װԥһ£˵齫Ӯá

Ŷ~Щġ

ҸǼ˵֪ΪΣʱĿڣԼ˸ڡ˵ǱȽŷģҲݱȽ

۵˵ͷӼƱһöһöϸ顣վԱߣЩʲôĶˡ裬򶨵ĺܣϾǾˣ֪ԼõٵƱɫ糣΢ۿˣʼձŸ߸ϵ̬

˵۵Ʋģ̫ˣΧֶ࣬ﲻЩꡣΪԷһһǰһ̯λϰϰ״кͣԱñ߹ģ۵жϡټԭ߲̫ãһûƳ

۱Ͼ꣬С΢ˣһ֮Щģ˳ִ̯λϵչƣ׼ڵٿһ顣Ҹոշµٴ취ʱֳͷӣ˵㿴ȥûûˣҪԸùҡ

Χ̯Ӧ͡۱ЩżΧôһĸˣĶܾƱ

վһԣĺƱżˣ̶̵ļʮ룬ͬ켸꼸һѰʱ˿̣µľɫ䣬һƱ¹ˮġ

ҵǣûзۿһ֮󣬽ƱŻصʲȻóƱʼ֮˵̸ɡ

費Ϊ̸Ҫ͸ʹۣ¶æء

Уһ֮²ˣ۳Ƭ̺˵ʮһˡ

軹ûϰպ~ǹݵѽ

۱Ͳ˴ռôһˣΧ˶塣ϳЩͨ죬ҧ˵һڼۣʮ򡣡

ǮѾˡ򰵺ţѾ˵ɽ

֮ϵ뿪гҽºΣǾͲǿǵķ֮ˡ

ڸʻλϣ͵͵裬ɵ̾裬УݼһǶһվ~

շ̣Ƴһۣͦǲ

ͷЦܰﵽ裬ͦġ

Σޱ˵Ժƭ˵İϷ

ͦõ𣿺岻ҲǱƭôΪ֡°ͣĥһ£˵ϸһ£һ׬ôǮһЩˮƱһ£һͷô

費мĺһҿͿϷ·ˡ

ҺٺЦҲôһ˵֪ڻѧҪѧϰΪء

֪ͺá

רĿٺ˵

Դ֮ҺٵദҲк¶ĸ֮޼䣬ҵЩյĸоĵĲĿ裬װЩͬΪ˸ʣ⴩˺ɫƤȹϻ˸촽ĴŨױϴһ˫ɫ߸ѥѥȹмɫ˿࣬ȸŮľһζˡ

Ǵûװ磬ǵ˼ҰԺԣǸʳڵĹŮԣġҪ贩·ѹںϣư͵ĺҡ֪ʲôо

Ƿ֮ʱŤͷһۣ飬һҵĽͷתһԡ

֪Ʊ۸ֺ󣬿ĵòˣʾҪָǮлǺҪģȴȷرʾ˾ܾƴǣ岻ټ֣ǧлƳƵ궨һ磬ʾл赹Ȼˣ⻻ǰȥ硣

ϯ䣬ѯľõҽϸ̽һ顣ֱĴָΪͣظҾƣŪҶе㲻˼ˡ

֪ΪΣǵûֹҵơеС˼ģԼȾҲһȣҵ뷨˰ɣҹʡµķ

Ǻ͵ĺܾˣΨһƲ֡ô̼飬ȻûикСѾͷ翪ʼһֱҺ

ͽʱһͦѵģ屾Ҫ˿ǻؼңˡȵֱ˳⳵СôһҸоеˣ˳ƿ˱ϣһƵһԡ

³ҹװҡҡλվȵӡñ¥ڶӲƸ衣⵹⣬б࣬죬Ž˵ݡ

贩һϥĺɫȹɫĸ߸Ьͷ߸𣬰޳Ĳϴһ俪Ŀʽͷ¶⣬Բ󣻹Բͦ˶ؽɵϸ߸߳Vڴѻ˴Ƭѩ⡣

һûзйģټϾƾ̼յģ۾ֱĶ鹵첲§ϸ̰֫ϵˮζ¶ȣҪڻһ㡣

ܵҵϺݺݵһ£񾯸档űߣ費Ό̫ܵԣʹϲ䡣ЩЩΡ

˵֮󣬱ǰ棬ͳԿȥšſյΪҲ֪װȶˡվˡ

~Һߺľǲվֱˣ̲Ƶʹϲ䡣

ò׽˷䣬һƣҪŵɳϡԸɵһ˲䣬߬סһקһɳϣ跴ӦֽŲõĽ§סһš

СҪ㣡֣־ŭĴҲ˲پƣЩţʹϾ

~šҼװȶˣ֣ͣҲռˡ

֪װģû취ʹšҵĸ첲

ѹû뵽ռˣһ壺裡ʹ

Ǹ㵷ʲôңϿҰŪ

ҿɲҡҸȶˣҪһǻô죿Сһ⣬ƺ£ȴ͸Źֻζ

ôһ˵ֿ˻ű棬ʹռıˣ軹ƫû취żҪŪһҸǰˡʹĹͷںȶˣ֪ۡ

ŭҿǷˣæ

򡣡ͷ

ҳŻᣬѹ£һȹڣֱӽ쵽˫ȼ䡣ɫһһ߬סҵҪקȹףǵСأ

Ҽװûָڷϣ赲ƴѹȻ䣬оָЩԣһ£ȵķ֣贩ľȻֿ㡣ⷢҴΪ˷ܣȻǶˣŷ滹ƫصģΪŴģƽʱҲûôԸе¡

Ըоҵı仯Ҳµҷʲôϲɵһ糺죬ָסҵĸ첲СϽ㡭Ųҧˣ

⻰ЩС¼ĴΣ˵ֻŻңҧңǸоӦҲͦġ

Ҳо⻰˵ЩˣһְסȹΪ»ɽ֮צһֵסҵؿڣƣһƬ죬ҧǳ⣺Ҫô֣Ժͱˡ

Ҷ̫˽ˣ͵ĵ춹ģ˵ˣҰѧУˣؼ֮軹ǵøҿšټѾǾԡɫǻˣĻ˵ôָ࣬ǿֿɲ˽ȥͷƵķ͹εС

Ҫס̲סƺһһ漴ֽŲõĿʼں±ֳ̫󶯾ưͷƵһָס۷һȻյѨڣ˽۶֮С

šüһʧߣ˲ʱֹͣ

ѹ裬ͨľݣָ뵽Ѩ֮Уֻʪǻ˷֬ӤС㣬䶯š

ɲʱߵĶӷ̣ʹɳӱѹģҲӲҲ跴Ӧʱ䣬ָǻѨп̽ŪĴָס۵٣Ƶİ

ǰʱæû취ϸϸ棬ضҪľȫʩչϡָ⻮ǻ壬գֻüͷ壬촽΢ţߺֽвҲ˵ʹ໹á

ŪƬֻ̣ճ֭ѨֽǡҲɵһϲôܣ廹ǺܳʵġſԣϢ裬Ҳиоǰɣ

ĿԲɬŭǵװǰɣϿ

ɵӲŻ

Ҷ۾ţָѨڣͣĽǿŲԼקסҵǣ˺۵ᶼˣ϶Ȼͣ͹۵ָװƵģɿŪ

~̲סӺＷһ˫ȼнһ߬ҵһ˺ҵǣɫ죬Ŀܡ

ָǻڽʱдϷһƬƽ⣬͵һֱңߣ㽫ָƬϣڡǱ˿Ƶģʹļһ𣬴Ϣ٣Ѩˮˮͣӿ

Ҳɵð̾ˮһÿζ𤻬ģĵǡ

Ҳ֪ʲôоӦǺİɣԭ˺ҵСֶͣΪؿڴǽӴʱҪγѪĿгһ죬ţʱ̴ٵ

һǵһôϸ۲ķӦܾǲҪ߳ˣһ־Ų̫ܣֲŮˣôŪ¾͸߳أ

ôţָһ¿һ£ķӦԽԽ󡣾ʱͻȻһŲһȣ͵һֻѨһ䶯衮һִƵľҲţһɹɵ۽糱ˮӿ

еһǸ߳

ûҸףѾ˿æװ˯ָ߽ȴôѨڳҲûѨŨĵǡ

һ·ƼģһãȻüͷЩζ˵أˣ

ԵĸоԽԽ˵ʱѨ⼱䶯ؼѹҵָ

Ǹأô˵

װȻδӸ߳лҧ´Щʧ񡣱ȻƲȹ׵ľȴԵĲһ˿ɻɳ˹ҰһɲĿ⸱ģ

׼֮ʱȻһڴٵ˵˯ȥ

һһãȻ˵ҡҰҸ硭

ˣԼϽȥ

ҡ˯šЩӵġ

Щˣǳ˯Żݿȥ

֪ΪʲôôСһ⣬ίĲ˳˵Щʲôԥһ£תȥ뿪֮ųһ

ָ˳֮Уֻʣϸ΢ϢƬ֮Ҵؿۼɫ죬ɣǰϸճҵķ˿ƺɳڸ֮߳С

ĿԣԵöЩΡ֮һŤǻһ䶯ҪѨСƬ̺ѹɤ˵˾䣺㹻ˣϽ𣡡

ҽָѨг˳ʪճģһ׽Ҳ֪ôģҾ棬մҺָ˱۾˲󣬾֮࣬ҵվһƣСʱѵңʲôţ

˵֮ƺоЩףոˣֽŲãҪҴȥֻžડһ߸Ьߵһֻ¶˰۵㡣

ʹѹ裬裬ٸһΰɡˣʵڱ̫ˡһΣһΡвУ

ŭ⻰˵˶ٴˣûˣϽ

ӰĹ鷿ϣһӺů棬ѬƵ裬ˡһΣһΣв~

ףϽ

ҲҪǲӦңҾͲҽ鹵Ƶ˵

һҪٲҾ͸Ͼĸӹϵ˵Ųţ

⻰е㺦ˣҪ£һŲҽҸϳšɾôˣʵЩġʯ֮䣬֮ǰ˵ԼˣͲˣô˽ɣ

豻˵࣬һʱ߳ŭֻ̬ĸè㣬ҵ͵ץ㣬ϻͣ˵ţ˵ŲҪˮıˮ࡭~~

˵꣬迪ʼ˺ҵǣֹҼ˵ȥǱ˵ʹΪΣʹȫҪҵ˺һ㡣۵۽ֱᣬͣģ˺ð죬ͣ

֪ˣң

Żǣ侲ʱ䣬ѼӲҪַŲӡ

ȻٶȱҼգץҡҽѹ£Żҽڸң費ҷ̫󶯾ҽӺ˰죬·鷿ͷֱѰѳֲסۼˮӯӯ͸Σ촽һĽģ̲סͷȥһ¡

һ㶣عҵһơҲ֪ǲãоЩģûʲôǵۣġ

ĸϹ5.4
    ҶƬֿ̣ʼҵǿнѹ£ն࣬ÿɫȹϸխĶֿ㲦һԣѽӲûͷûԵȹ

軹ڸĶҧأ˫ֵǣ˫ȴδнˡҳûʹǰȥͷֻѨ촦ŢճҺڲͣš

һͺ𣬶׼Ѩһѹǰͦ˶ͺĹͷ࿪Ө꣬˽ȥҸͻȻϮδӦһС죬Ƭ̣һǴӺڼ˳ͬʱڵ˲סҺ̰㣬ס

ҽҧأסӦѨĽխ֮Ľ˶˽ȥֻůֻ֬СҪһ㣬Ĳ룬ǻ嶼ҪƽƵġ

~ÿһ֣üͷһ֣ʱϸϸ֮

ڣͷ̽Ѩͷӹϣֱ飬Ӳķ֪͡ʱǲܸ购Ϣʱ䣬һһȿڼϣֱͦӣ϶´׮ƵĺHƵԵʣͿԽĺÿζܶѨףݺݵײǷ۵ӹ֮ϡ

ҪֹѹᣬÿμҶ֣Ҫѻײ͸һ㣬ǳҲ

ҵӼϣԽHԽͣϢĻᡣҪ˵ӻǷ󣬲۵ܼˮС죬һֹ壬ߴߴȻǺ죬ڰķڣȴĴ̶

Һʲôоֺ»һڣͽصʵ֮Сҽ˫ǰϣ·һ͸˰ʮ£ֻ轿͵һ鴤üͷʧɫһܵĽģԱƽʢˣֱˡ

̫⸱СŮ˵ˣֱղܣ֭ҺѨһ͵ԽԽ󣬹ͷδεףû˿ϧ֮飬֮ײѨ⣬ҪٶȽٴ۷塣

һȱҿڼϣȻûд˿࣬ǹ⻬ϸƤӨ㣬ȴһ

ƲǺ費ϵصӣҲֻҪ˵ԽҪڸļơҲܲô࣬ѹ裬ԽսԽ¡ӲŰHŪȻҺĵǣŪôȴ𤻬ģоֱס

ҲڴˣҪȥ£ȴ跢ͼ赲ҼдžζҲ̫ȴЩΪȻ밮ˣһʲôɵģһĥǻΣգϾڸڣʱгĿܣ˹ڱ¶

뵽һ뷨ſߣ˵裬ӣҪһȻˣ̫ðɡ

һȻʼҡæ˵裬ôȥпܻᱻҪ΢һ£ҸϽˣвУ

۾һɣҲ˵ʼҸæǻвУ

֮Ϳˡ

ҲڿţϾ̫ΣˡҲûеͷӦֻǴŴŭҡ֪ΪΣԽӣҾԽ˷ܣԽ۸ϷƵС˵ȻҪǺɱҰ

˵գ跴Ӧʱ䣬β׮㣬ͦѨڷHŪҧأǿŲһ˿죬ȭգҵԴô

ҪӴʱȻſŵһ飬Щ˳æֹͣȷſϣź࣬װ˯ֻһЬĽŲȥֱٴδſŷӦŵСҰףѨżͣһƵĳ鴤

˭ҲҷôšԼĪӣ䷿춯һϸϸĽŲҡãڳһղŵ龰е£ҿȥ䲻þ롣

δӽл⹿һһ޹ɵ䶯šҪ˵Ȼţое̼ۼɷ׵СȾ˳ɫһСѨһһģЩˡ

ǱղǸˣ費ټ֣СϢȥ

һϲæʣݻݣ

˼Σ˵˾䣺ݡǾԼ˵⻰Щףָæ˾䣺ӡ⻰͸ˣһɬɴཫ۱ϣҡ

ҵȻϲ֡׾̫ˬˣҿʼּۻۣܲܰѲ

ûκأֱ˾䣺

ȻǺˬϴ֮Щھκͺ£ʵ׼ġҽӴϵƨɣС˵˾䣺§ҡδӦѾձһʼҵʣʲôڱܣ첲ȴ§סҲӣȽزҵĴȣչҵϡ

ӷ飬ȴһҲоءƨɣһʼĳŲȥΪԾɲСѨÿһ᲻Ծزһ£һ¡

ΪĸףԼĶӱţȷʵЩ߳ܡŤӣСڿ͵ţСûУ

ΪŵԵʣСѨˬֱӡС˵裬С㣬˾Ͳˡ

Ҳִ֪ˣ˱ʰˡεĽϣ˵ھŤҪʵûǰߣ鼱֮£ɴڱǰͣƨɣͦŽխѨһH

ײġžžڼžҹԵøһæֹͣ§ҵĲӣӱıֱ

˵ģһ㶼£ǲܵġʱţͻһ˵ĳ档һźɫһƨɵСӱH⻭ǡͽ˱ѪֱּȽִ̼ĸо˸ԡ

Ҳ֪ʱʲôоԽԽճ֭ˮƵģֱεգһءұϢHһ֮󣬿ʼȥԵҶһ

֮ȥƿأſҵļͷС˵˾䣺𿪵ơ

֪躦ˣҿǱ߳ܵӡȻЩϧô鶼ˣСϸڣɡҽطڴϣ׼ͦ壬˵˾䣺ס

ҹⶺҲðҴ

Уܿ˸۾ݺݵصһۡǾЦһ뵽ͷһɬİҴȫ׵Ļ棬Ӿһȣ˵ϴξҴĲ淶;ˡҪٵɱԹҰ

ҲûӦ̽ʵͬ˰Ҿ͵ͬ˰һ˵ţһŲԡȻ׾ڿڴֱóȻͻԤı׼õһšʵô˵Ҳû

Ҵ򿪳룬װ˸ףȻ˵˾䣺š𣬸ղŽļţҪǱǾͲˡ

Ц˵˾䣺ܵԵĸоæϣߵߵܻشϡ

ײ˵ݵǰȴӡ˰죬ҸɴཫֱȻͦȥԭΪư͵ĸҵļʹϱףû뵽ֱӽ˦ҵϣŭСԭԽˣ㻹費

ôһʵһЩˣǼˡΪ˲һĴĵߣûҪʲôĬĽϣȻںڰУ棬ԡ

Ĭ˺þúþã̲ס˵裬һˡ

Ļ

֪ҵĹѾΪˣҲ֪֪ڴʲộȴһһεѡңǨң˷˼顣ȻˣҲ˵С͸ƢԲһٶʹˣԸ裬һԲˬ

衣ģģңһΡһΡǹˣҲ֪ˣˣһ벻йӵΣǺܴġ

֪Լں˵˵һ֪ڳҪĲ˵裬Ҫһ̨£һȥɡ

ߴﹾ˵һѣһɵ˴ϣ˵˾䣺ֻһΡȻ۾һ޿κΡ׸ӡ

ֶ֪ЭˣֲˣǱʲôԭ򣬱硭

˼ţҪȥ·ȴһαִ򿪡ðɣ趼ЭˣҲøЭһЩҴ·ζһЩ

ҹŴϣŲŴҸҪ֣豾ܵ˫Ƚ𣬽ŵײŴԵЩҽȹףҪû뵽ʹһʱ侹ûóѡ

˵û취ҿ֪㻹һġ

ҽָϥϣٰӹȻ棬ʱḧʱץӣȻţѩ׵ļϷһϸܵĸ˰죬ܲˣ̧һšץסʱ㽫Ӽѩ֮䣬ǿֿ㣬ǰȥͷסʪѨ죬跴Ӧʱ䣬ʹһͦûѨס

~

üһʧɫѩײ͵һ촽Բţȳһͬʱ˫ȱܵڼнڵǴ˷

˫ǯסϸһµֻͦСѨ͵ֽ֣ۣԻ壬ͷÿÿģᱻ˱סۣ飬

轩ӣ˫Ŀգëƽ̹СסҲϢʱ䣬ͦͱȥδεףֱġƺЩסˣֵҵؿڣ

ֹͣӣȹףֿӣһƣ˫İסڲ࣬Ӹ£»ص˴׮״̬һһݵѨ

豻Hҡҷ˶·ػζϢȣǹͷСѨ͸Ƶģ֭Ľܵĵǡ

ҺȻڵʲôоһȣ̲סʵ裬ǲǺ

˫۽գش

Ҽ׷ʣ϶ҪȻôˮ

Ǳ˵߳ܵ㣬Ǻһ˿ŭɫšסҵĸ첲Ҿϲ⸱СŮ˰Ľģ˾һͰ㣬Ҳʹ谴£һҳ壬ͷײƵģŪӹ⣬ÿε׻Ҫѹ¼֡

~⧲ſС죬ƮȻ

Ҿǽӵ˳Ű㣬ͦŴӲļڽխǻڽ͵Ѩ֭磬ҰĴȣŸߵĳ壬ʮ£ֻҧϺһһ󣬽ƶѩ׵ļһƬ죬ѨعͬʱѨĳӿˮˮһ

û뵽ô͸߳ˣѨľУҪǸűףҲøˡҸо񫣬߳δȴȿڼϣ϶ͲδεףƫУŻ֮ϡ

~账ڸ֮߳УӱУٱһͨ͵ǲܡ˫߬סҵĸ첲Ϲ𣬽üͷ룬кߴŭн

~ššᡭ㡭

ڷſɤӣͷһȣĺܣʶƨɣһعһ£ÿÿƿޱڣڼ۵Ļϣ󶼻еһ顣

㡭Ҫ~

һڣס촽΢ţ͸ʪɤͼԣƽʱ˵ʱܴʱУȴǰת䣬Դ󷢡

𡭡𶥡šͣͣһ¡ȻֹڱҾڸڣҲȫſɤǿŲҷӣ˿ҡ

İҳţԽԽͣͷרѰŷۻȥֱH軨֦ҲǰʶֹԲʵķھµĺɫ£ˡһ˫Сڰգһֻźɫ߸Ьһֻģһ㣬ڷذڶ

ָʮ£һͲ˫ָΪ߬Ĵ󿪣ҺһδһԵס˵ٶͻˡ𶯡𶯡

Խǽұ𶯣Ҿ͸ɵԽͣ

СѨ䶯ļΪңԼܲסǰйˣʱֹͣ˳壬Ѩ֮УͷסỨģӣܸоĸо㱼䣬类ӤС˱һ㣬ֱˬİӶˡ

ЪϢƬ֮ҽʱ˳֮ʱһѽ˹ϥڴϡ˫ץסϸʹʹԲķθ߸ߵĸ߳δȴϰſ˴ϣŴ룬̴ţͣشŴſſӵģм

˵ʵЩģû뵽ƽô裬Է棬ȻôĲ͡ҲֻΪĶ׶ӣݽɵĿв׵شﵽ߳

㣬ֻи࣬׵ķſ顣

ҹɫȹڻԲ̵ͦƨϣͺǰȥİ׻Ѩһ¡УͻϮšһһһϣճ۽©˳

ĺ棬ﵽײ˶ˮѽͦѩסôÿһ£㶶һ£СѨ֭ͻͲסˣֺҵĴҵĴȣȻǷŭǸоõġ

ҲϷˣϥǽ˫ȷֿ˫ֱסʵͦεѨϣͷۡһ£H˽ȥ

衮ӡһϸһȴƵĶ˼¡

ֻڵһȦһȦĹйɵ䶯šλȫз˵̼ȱ͸ߣοĶԼĸסκӻˡ

ֱͦӣʼһһµ壬ÿζѨƨſڴϣҲţСҵĴ϶Ҳֲǿ֡

鶯ʮºǰ㣬ѹıϣ˫ִҸ´ڣ֣鷿ץС˶һƾղסճŴϸвϱ任״ҲԽԽ죬̵ͦķαײˡ

ššŰܡ㡭㡭š

סײһſ˴ϡ

ˡš㡭šûáû

ҽȫѹ豳ϣҲÿײѨףеĸܵβĵԽԽ˷ܣɵҲԽԽ̼˶㣬û⡣ʣҴŴ˵У䲻

šˡŪˡͣɡ

ҹҪˣԱֳԵĿܡʱôܾʹ֡һ߸һҽӡժժĿ㡭в

𡭡ժšܡժš㡭

ż䲻

ȻҵŤӣ˵ҲŪˡšȻģżֿǻ

Ҵû⸱εεӣǵĵۣһHһ˵ժ˺ܿͺˣҲȥ֤ȥ

Сš㡭ˡûѽ~費ϴӦȻھҵţ͸˼ʮº󣬺Ȼ˫ֱͦŴһͦòģСѨһΣ֭ҺһƵ̶ʪܵĽһ

ҳʧ֮ʱժȻ²ѨУһ͹ֱİ׻ͷСѨˮֹĸоǸűܱȵģҸоһϮͲʮºæͷƨϣȰŨ

5.5  
    ̱˴ϣڴڵĴŴ 
    豳ңſڴϣŴ̬
룬ҵķ˿㺹ճڶͷϡʱķƸ꣬һ
㺹ʪ͸·ɫȹ䣬ƨ̣ƬŨҺѩ
׷ϣɫֿɵױǵһ࣬۵
ʪˮΪҳԵʣԺףѨԲţ۵ǻ
䶯֭ʣʪĵǡ 
    ǰθǰղֵģ֪ΪΣ쾹û÷
ȵʱ˿ֻ̣ӱ§ס裬ͷڵĲ
ķ㡣ᣬҸӣͱ
һԡ 
    һΡЩȴģܼ 
    ҵȻܴӦͷ̾һʵ裬Ϊʲôǲ
أ 
    ʲô㵱ϹĻдų 
    ԣҵݰǼΪмġҵжһŭ
ֺݺݵشһ´迴ûпҡԽôйԽԵ顣
ҲǰֵôܡƽһԼ飬ŬʹԼ侲
ԥƬֽ̣ƨϵľҺ 
    ûֹңҲûҡ 
    ڶľⰾϲȵϹС࣬Ҫ
һһҲûȣϴ֮󣬻·ȥϰˡ 
    Щʧ䣬ֲֳܱҪЦš
󣬼׼õͣЩ⣬Ц˵緹̫߳
ˡ 
    ڻ˾䣺ҪԾͳԣĶôϻ 
    룡ż;ôֱ׳ܵġ 
    û˾䣺ôߵô磿
һͬ͡һͻȻ̧ңʵû
ʲôֵ 
    һ붼û룬ҡͷ˵ûС 
    б۶컨壬һС˵˰ɡ
Ʒ裬㻹ǵò 
    ǵˡ 
    Ц赱ˣһֱš
𣿡 
    ǵˡظһ顣 
    ǺȶˡƲƲ죬ĵȻϹܡ
~  
    ű¶͵Ĵ̼̼ͦΣյġ
ҪСѾͷʲôԾǾûˣñһ
ӡ 
    ھҪˣһУٻͲ֪Ҫʲôʱˡ
ȥһѵʳģʹһʢͣúõ
һġһʼЩмƷ󣬺⣬ʲôʱ
ôˡ 
    ˶ʻ͵⣬˿־ˣʵ
Ҫ𣿡 
    ǡ 
    ҪﰡѲɡֽµŮѣ졣 
    Ҳøͣ˵˾䣺ⶼΪ׼ġ 
    Բ۾һɣƬ̣Ȼ䱸Ŀң
ʲô˼ 
    ҺٺһЦ㰡 
    ͣһ㵣漴Ӧ֪ϷŪҵ
СȾһţȻץһըϺŽйƵ 
    Ŀ~ С治֪ྻ 
    һۣ~ 㲻˵רΪ׼𣿡 
    Ҳٸ죬ר׼硣һӷʢķ˰ҵ
ǲ绰ҲӣҲᡣһ߶ֱߺߣ
ԵĲˣҼֱҪһ档 
    ֱʮ룬ŻұΪôĶ
ȥˣɫ̫ãסˡ˵
ˡע⵽һӷʢ͡ 
    ͵ⶼҸġҹΪ׼ġڣ
Ҳ֪ڴʲôˡ 
    һۣޱ˵ѾԹˣԼ԰ɡ
˵곯ȥ 
    Ҹ׷ʵٳԵ𣿡 
    ûңۡһҷšҲٳص
⣬ʮӣŻ·æеʵ
һ࣬϶ۻ˰ɣҪҰĦһ°ɣ 
    á̬Įȥ 
    ЩƣʵʲôʱɴТˣôģǲʲ
ôҪѽ 
    Ҳͷ˵ѽѽǷʮĸæϡ 
    һˣ 
    ٵļٵļٵġѽ~ 㲻Ƕ𣿸ϽԷȥɡ̾˿
űߵ˲ԡͶĲˣʼڴڵĳȴ
£ûʲôθڡ 
    һ˹ԱΪҹ
æ˵裬ҸĺܲҪ 
    ûƬ̺˵мҪ˵һ¡ 
    ұܵĸоҪĿ϶ʲô£ֹͣӡ 
    ҡҾˡҪٻ顣 
    ҲĿɿڴ裬Ͱ͵˵
Ц 
    ˵ûЦ 
    üͷһʱ侹֪˵ЩʲôһֱСģ̫ˣ
´̼裬ٴ׵ͷû뵽ӵġ 
    Ե÷ƵģʵѾж𣿡 
    ûСͣһ£Ѿ̸Ҹʵˡ 
    ҼˣЩ״ε˵ôʱ䣬ҲûԼҵ
ʵġңɣ 
    ƳһۣҾ֪ͨһҵ£ԼͿˣ
Ͳǲˡ 
    ֪ǹҵģ˵ʲôûáƱһ²ؼ
ӣһţһ񡣱ʱ⣬ȴ
ں˵ʲôͺˡûġ 
    ŻҪǸҸɫͷô죿
ƽʱòȻ˽ϲŮֵϱ̬ 
    üһ˵˵ʲô 
    ֻĸ͵ǣ۹⣬ܿ
ôңҲҸ䡢ΰİɡ 
    ΰ𣿡 
    û˵Ľΰ˵ǡʱ
ΰġǮˡ 
    ҪࡣҺҸɵѽ 
    ӳͷãæ㡣 
    ˣ˵أ˻ȥɫ
֣µĸǣҪȥˣȵʱҪ׼ʱ
˭ҲϹ߶ 
    ̬ȺܼһɵӣҲûʲô˵ġصҺ
ץȻҪٻ¶Ҳǵһ˵ˣ
ҪΣպܶࡣǰһԸ߿в˳˴ѧˣ
Ѿûǣңǻʲô͸ʲô 
    ɣȻЩͻȻܾ¶ЩŹ֣Ϊ
ֹ߿ǰвҪȥףΪҰעѧϰϣҲ
ȥסڸ߿ѾˣΪʲôҪأ 
    ˵ﻰµľͻȻϮ·
飬ӦضȵҺ˶ڣͻȻ
ϢһҲûСǽߵԼҪף
Ҫٻ飬ͺڸҾһǰ׼Ӧʱ䣬
Ǻܺˡ 
    ҽ겻Ŀʱ䣬ű˯ˣĵ
ǰ÷šһŴ򿪡Ȼû˯ 
    贩룬ױǰǵȺ˶ʱӡ 
    ЦЦ裬û˯أ 
    šı䵭ôˣʲô£ 
    ֪ʡҺٺһЦҡæһˣ
װĦɡ 
    Ƴһۣٸףʲôֱ˵ɡ 
    šҳƬ̣ʵѽ 
    м٣ 
    üͷһ壺ôˣ 
    ؿбʵװʲôɵ㲻֪ԭ򣿡 
    ֪ǡҪЦҳɲ 
    üͷһƤЦġ 
    š 
    Ҷӣ裡Ҫʲô᣿ 
    һƽĻѽ̸ܸΪʲôҾͲ
ܣ 
    һɣϻǲܣ 
    ǲǾһǸСӣأ䲻 
    ⲻ䲻ϵ⡣ǡ֮ǲܣ 
    Ĭκҳʵǲ̫󣬵ȹ֮
һᷳҿԶ췢ģⱲֻһˣ
˭ 
    С㣡档 
    ѹɤ˵ҷģұ֤ 
    㷢ôģĴΡԭ򣡡ʶҴƫˣ
æ 
    ±֪ģ裬һӣֻ
˽żԼᣬǸǸʲôһ¡ǿԲ֤űʲ
ôˣ 
    ˵Ķʲô軰趢ңһ̾Ϣĳ˵
СѾ˰뱲ˣôҲνˡҵĵ㣬Ų
ʮ꣬Ÿոտʼ㲻ȥˡôȥ
Լġ 
    Ҽæ⣺ôܽжأġãǶ䣬
νĸԸ 
    軹ѵң̬ôһײǽͷӣһʱ
Ҳ֪˵Щʲôˣɵ̾ϢС㻹ᣬһЩʵʵĻ
룬⡣㲻һֱôȥҪѹյ
ѧϰȱҵ֮һݺùӣɼҵ
ҸʱٻͷһУֻһζ
ѡ 
    һΣǾһֱȥˡҪѹأҼ
軹Ҫ˵æˣЩѾ߶˶ٱˡ
ѾˣʲôСƨˣԼ·ˡ
ҽҲ֣µĸ·Ҫߵ׵ģǰԨҲ
ںҶǾǵģһʱ嶯Էġ 
    ôôôִԲѽ 
    û취˭ҰأҺȷҲҲ
Ůˡ 
    㰮ңҵģ 
    ֪ڵΪܿաһжΪǵĽ
һҸġš 
    㲻˽𣿡 
    ˽ġ֪ڱҪҧأǿʶҲ
ϴ 
    ˵ңַͷε̾ϢôأΪ
һΣԸˣͻ»ص~ 
ԼƭԼӦüһЩһЩκλء 
    裬ġǴⷢһǵĽ־עˡ
ǻǨңңһһãεĽ
ʵĸദ˶ʮ̫꣬˽ˡޣ
ѭΨ֪㣬ǾĶӣҡ 
    Ҿ̫簮ˡ 
    ˭أ 
    һʱԣһҪġ 
    ûѽԽᣬҲġûֹҡ
㡣 
    ֣ҹ٣ҧҧø 
    ˵ͨͷ˵˾䣺ˣȥɡ 
    Ȼ̸һ£˵ѾˡصڣŬ
ĶԻҵ⣬Ѿĺˣʱڣ϶
ǲҵģ⽫һ׿ 
    ԭ߽ݾϳƱȰ췹Ӧ
ҵ԰ȻһһĴ顣һûǰ뵽ǣ
˴ѧ֮󣬳ڴڱ㹻ʱ侲˼֮
Ĺϵ 
    ô˼ţһҹδߡڶ峿ͣȻҲ
ֱÿţ˵Ĵǰ 
    ո˯ѣɢŴͷͷһǻƳγС
࣬ЦԶӵڣǸöð 
    ЦǶТѽ 
    һѷ˿˵Ҳԡ 
    û緹ˣ컹ԣСʱǾ
ѵң˵緹θŪġ 
    ˸赭д˵ӽҪʼʳˡ 
    ʳЩƣһʱûʲô˼ʵ
ǣö˶˵ģʲôʳѽ 
    ΢΢¶һʮֹص΢Цǰܾʳвң
ΪʲôУ 
    ȴס˵вʲôѽ 
    Ҫȥס 
    бĹĵģ˱ˣҪôʱӡ
ͷӣһе㲻ϰߣСҺͱˣû
뵽һԸҡ 
    ȥףҲȰѷ˰ܲ緹ϰĶоѽ 
    ǹڣȥҲûϵ˵ţֱͦͦ˵
ڿʼҪʼʳˡʲôʱԭǸСˣ
Է 
    ƽʱ跢ƢϰˣСŮһʹСԶ
е㲻ϰߡлáþʳв裬Ϊ
ҡþʳвңҲΪҹ衣 
    Ȱ˰죬ǲϳԣ֮£ֻ˳Ҵ
Щ档ʡȥԵɣһ顣üͷһ壬
ЩţôΪȥףϧʳ
ȥףȥˣʲô 
    Ҳûͣ䡣ȴЩˣЩԹ
ƫġ 
    Ҳʵôƫˣ 
    ߿ʱΧתֵҸ߿ˣ軹Χת 
    һ漴Ӧ߿ѽ 
    ۾һɣȻ㶼֪˭ң 
    ˼ȫϣû˵ϱ¶ЩǸ
粻ܶһͨ䣬Ϻ˻ȥ㻹ĥʲôϽԷ
ݸϰȥѽ 
    ҵĳͣߺߵĻȥˡϸո𴲣ֻ
һȿ㣬۵ӣԲȳƣֱͦ֫ԽԽϸظҲ
عƨȻ⣬Բ̣ͦĽأ
ഺĻ 
    ϸıӰЩпǸԭ۵СѾͷڲ֪
䣬һ˵Ĵˡ 
    һ磬趼ڷڡ˽ƢҵΪ˱ͷ
Լ첻ԲȡΪ˸һϣҲܶԼ 
    ȥŹǣһŹˣ¶ϲɫȴװ
ں˵ΪⰾŹҾԭ˰ 
    ֪ˣҲͣʢһڵŹⲻǵ
ǣǸ粻ԡǸ粻˹㡣ⲻרŸ㰾Ź㲹
𣿡 
    ȻװĿп޵ӣβеϲãԵ̵ġ
ºʢһ룬͵ڴϿֻҽ
һתŤһԲҡ 
    ҽŹ͵ǰӣȰ裬һڰɡ
ãóԵúܡ 
    ˿Ϊ˸ӣתһߡæ˹ȥ
ȣﲻֹͣóԵŹǣڵŹ
˺ôþõġӣһڰɣڱˡ 
    ɴཫ۾ϣҲҡֺƭǲң
ᵽʱ־ʳʱˡû취ֻܷڴ
ͷϣ뿪ǶҲãҲգֻҪܳһھС 
    󣬱ң軹ǲϳԷ 
    šӦһ 
    һѽ⣺ǵʲôأҪףҪ飬ʲ
ô 
    ÿѽҸ֣㲻Ť 
    ~ ϰֶѾҸˣٸҸ֣Ҳûʲô
˵ġ 
    ҪһͱŤûš 
    ʼհԼԲȣҪĵˡ
ͦżģһķӦô̬ôһ棬θ
Ͳãôǻµġ 
    ҸЩˮ˽ȥ˵˵軹ǲϿڡ
֣һЩտʹǰɿ硣ĶӶĹ
ˣǲϳһڡ 
    ڶ죬軹ǲϳԷֻǺ˼ˮɫѾЩ
ˡļ٣һҲûСεпЦӦ~ ǱӦ
~  
    ֪´ע⣬һҪЭġЩʣ
ţһʳˡҲǰ취󣬸ճ 
    ڽҪУˣ֮ҲܸԶ
ʳɣ 
    ̴úܺãȴ׵ز͸뷨һζҿ
ڣ˵ڽˣҪѧУˡúÿ㣬
ĸһμˡ 
    ʾһ漴Ļʲô˼æ˵˵е̫
˰ɣô˵ĸҪһ 
    ~ 賤̾һ˲ԷҲܻʮ죬Ǽ
ֲˡ 
    ҿЦãɱŻң 
    㿴Ż𣿡 
    ҼɫһӣƽǸеŮǿˣ
ֱˡ۲ѣ˼룬ʵûˣֻЭ
ˣӮˣ䡣 
    ۽һ˿ϲɫʵͬˣ 
    ͬˣͬˡ 
    Ժ׼һ¡Բٶκε÷Ƿ֮롣 
    ҵͷ 
    ˻ȥһҰɡӡ 
    Уͬ⣬ҴӦԲˡ 
    㷢ġ 
    ֪ҷƨҷġʲôأ 
    һǾһɫ˵ҷģٴע⣬
ñһӼ޲ȥ 
    ܲ㣿·ġ 
    ⡭ 
    㡣 
    ҼһӣܾҸϽģԶ
ҲȷʵͦģҲϽԶЭУҷ
 
    Ҹովֻ֮Ҿץס˾Ƶģ
Ͻͳֻû뵽Ȼǰŵĵ绰 
    ˭ܰһ¾һ¡ҽƵǰ˵
ȳԣҽӸ绰ٷġģѾˡ 
    һۣԥƬ̣ӹûԡҼ̬ˣ
˿ߵһԽ绰ֻǱߴ˰ŵĿ 
    磬ɱˡ

5.6  
    磬ɱˡ 
    Щ¡ 
    ҡ衭衭ɱŵ˵
ˡŻæʣȱޣô£ 
    ŵһǿűʹ˵衭ɱˡ
ȡ磬Ҹô죿 
    衭ɱˣһʱҲ֪˵Щʲôǰοǹ
񶼲ʡǵĶԻҲʶˣֱܵ
ӣϸ 
    磬Һú£ܹ𣿡 
    ǰ汻Ѿͷӵ̫ˣǽ䱸Ɐ˺żļƣ
װġһۣԥƬ̣ʵ 
    ҽԺءְҲڡ 
    ţСţϹȥ 
    Ҷֻ֮󣬻û˵Ȳʵô£˭ɱ
ˣ 
    ŵ衣˵أҲ֪ĻǼٵġȥ
ɡ 
    Ҹһȥɡվŵ׷飬Щˤæǰ
۵˰ɣûԷˣһڣŽˡϽ
Էɡȥһ¡ 
    Ƭ̣ϽȥɣҹǱҲͦżġ 
    ҴӦһ·æҽԺҵȵƻţ
ŵϰڽ⡣ŵˣһ˵ҵĻ޵
ˡ 
    §˼䡣ʵ׷ʲô£ڵ
ܼûԻǸıףίЦųļǿ
С޵ϡﻩģĵλͦصġ 
    ˺þãŵȶļؽƿ
Ȼϰ˹ȥϰڳϣĿͣնϵļ
һ㣬ûκα顣ߣС˸кϰŤͷ
һۣޱʵôˣ 
    ŵҴ˸绰ô£ö˶˵ģôɱأ 
    ϰûлشͷͷϵƺܸоó
ܷ˵ļͷ䣬
Ƽ޽ǶһЩ׷ﲻɵһϸӣȼ
ǰࡣʮ꣬ôӣ 
    ϰһߵŵԣקһߣѯʡŵ
Ǽģ˼˵ԭͬѧһȥ棬
һţһҪҸ绰ȥû˽ӣѶϢ
ҲأԼĸоЩԾܻؼѾ˴İ
ҩԲˡ 
    Ȼܲʱˣһ̲סѯɱԭ򡣰ŵĬƬ̣
ҡͷ˵ܾţֻǲ˵ˡ 
    ûм׷ȥȻҵļĸƽʱҲûʲô
ӴΪԭڸ϶һĵ⡣Լ
ȣδҲûеźѹԹ
ݣ侲İοŵϰ֡ 
    ڼ尾жȹһСʱȵϨҵĴŴڿ
ŵ͵س˹ȥѯʵҽôˣ
ôˣ 
    ҽ˵ͷģҪšѾȹˡ 
    ŵиˣڵϣͷʹޡϰҽ֣
лһǵһμŵӣ뵽裬п
ȷûʲôºұǻؼȥˡ 
    ʱѾЩɿȽʳǰήңǳ
ʱʳԵʰɡ 
    ҹе裺ôòȥҽԺ 
    ҡҡͷʲô£Ϣһ¾ͺˡʵǱô
£ 
    ̰ҩɱڷֵ磬ȹˡ 
    衮Ŷһ㲻ûѯɱԭܸ
ķӦЩ֣ʵǲ˽һЩѽ 
    ûϻش𣬳ĬΣ̾ϢǰʱָҴ˸绰 
    Ǹ˵̵𣿡 
    š˵ͷ 
    ҺȻÿȥϰǱߣ̺һü
ӣϰҲǺܿģоһչֵֹġⲻһˡ 
    ǺҰֳì𣿡ʵ 
    ĬƬ̣˵ŵ裬ǰʡǴʱȾ˶񫡣 
    ǳҵϡ 
    ʡʱһھưȶˣͬµĹƻ£ʳ˶Ʒ 
    ǾˣԭΪɱΪĺˣ
ɵģû뵽ôһι裺̺𣿡 
    ܺڣҲʹ࣬Լȥ˽䶾ǽˡ 
    ҳֻ̬ȣƷôýġϵĽϻΣѽ
ϵĳ񫡣˼κ󣬺Ȼо¶еΣʵҰָ
ģ 
    ǡ 
    Ұǽǰ֪ģǽ֪ģ 
    ǰ֪ˡ 
    ΪʲôҪ飿һӽ顭ǲǡ 
    ֡~ 賤̾һԭ򡣡 
    ǾſǷ˰ŵĸҪ 
    һԭ򡣡 
    ϰֵʱôͽˣһΪǹء滹кܶ
Ҳ֪顣׷ȥɫѣȳȥ
ľ 
    ڶϰִ˸绰ѯһ£ŵѾȫΣգ
ЩҪҽԺסһʱ䡣ҴȥҽԺ̽һ£
ϾҪˣϰרѧҵطġϰôһѣ
ͻȻ𣬺ŵҲòμӸ߿ˡŸѶϢһ£
˼Ҳûʱˡ 
    ָʳɫ˲١ۼϾҪУԽԽż
֮ȥס³вңҪһһȥģ
洦˸飬ֲڸǰֹٻʱ˵Ͷ˸ϰˡ 
    ˽ﶣһвһҪһʱ֪ͨ
ҡ֪ڲʲôթҼٿ㻨Ǯ󣬱ʾͬ⣬Щ
ƣʵҲСˣҸѽ 
    ΪСˣҲŲѽˡѽ
ĺǮҲ̫ҪǱĸСˣĻ
ˣ 
    ˰ɣְϻô꣬ʲôûɡܱС
ˣ˵Ϲġ 
    һ򣬾һҵģһҪ裬ʲô
֪ͨҡ 
    ȻҸֵˮݵģǰ
һʰһ͵͵衣ȻǰոһΣ
ɼҾӷ·ԸеĽ͸оȺģһһģйĪ
ĳ嶯ʱԲ顣 
    ŵû˰ɣ 
    Ϊ飬ͻȻôһ䣬һʱûзӦ
貹ûϵ𣿡 
    ϵˡҰ˵ѾΣˣұġûȥҽԺ
𣿡 
    һۣû˵ԼסҽԺһֱڼ
ء 
    ҲǣθͲãǵʳܻһѽ 
    ʲôҲ̰ҩ 
    ⻰˵ãô˵Ҳʶ˽ʮˣʲô¶
ѽǵҪҪġ 
    վֱӣңС˵𣿡 
    Һԥĵͷ˵СĻˡ 
    迴ң˺þòЦһҷ
ƤԽԽˡ 
    Ц˵Ƥܳ٣Ƥܻ 
    ҧһԹ˵һ仰˵ 
    ~ 仰С֪˵˶ٱˡ
ٽһ裬ôӦģӦ𣿡 
    һ̾Цǰ~ ˭ôѽҲ֪
ϱʲôⱲӻծˡ 
    Ц˵Ӧ˵ϱӻʲô£ôһλ衣 
    ңƬ̣˵軹ĺ裬òã 
    ˼ͷ˵裬ǰҲŬҪ
¶װʲô¶ûǺҷˣǸ
ܵġѾ飬û취Ĩȥġ裬ʵɡزȥˡ 
    ǺãҾ̸ҽܶ󡣡 
    ֪ڹҶϸĿ˵侲侲㣡
ܻȥܻȥ裬һıӡ 
    û˵ͷϴõ·һһ
ڵƽ֪Щʲô˵Щʲô䳯Ƴ
һۣϸ޳ָϣտҲûκƷ 
    ̲ס˾䣺裬Ľָأ 
    һ̧ͷңʲô 
    ҡǺ棬һ¡ 
    ͷС˵˾䣺ˡ 
    ˣҵɴ۾ǿһ˺üǧǮġ
LOW ˵㣬ɡǺôҲǸɣҵѽ 
    ҲҪ⡣ޱ˵ 
    Ҳ֪˵Ǽ٣ȴй˵ʧСð죬ſ
Ц̾ϢаɣͶ˰ɡҽһ׬Ǯ䡣 
    òš 
     
    緹߿ǰҪѧϰ֮󣬱ȥˡ
Ȼ㲻ᣬǲòѧУ˷ɻҾĥţʲôʱ
ˡ 
    İĻŻŵģ᲻ߺ
סδ绰ѯʱ㷳ˣһ١ŵǱߣҲ
һϵѾԺˣǱȽȶġֻŵЩ£
벻ʱ̱ž衣Ȼ֮䣬ҸоҲͦģҪ
Ÿ߿ѹҪʱ̵ĹעԼĸסҲǸ˾Ҫ
Ůͱ¥ˡ 
    ͷ룬ŵϵ˺ۣǵ̺ۣΪʲôҪɱأ
ǰΪ̺ʹŰûߣܲίѡɱ
Щ˺ۣԾģôԼĸףôᱻ
һپɱأ 
    ҺģҲûɶ˼ѧϰ˰£Ҳ̲סˣҲû
кѧУ˸٣˻Ʊĵľͻȥˡ°
ڼʱɵһüʵôˣ 
    ϲ𣿡ſ˫ۣЦ˵ 
    أڲżٵģôڻˣ 
    һȥѧУҽȱõɣ˵һ顣 
    轫ŽɣԹ绰˲ˣܻ
һˡһȥһأ˷Ѷʱ䣬Ǯ 
    ôæͲˡԼˡ˵ˡҵͷ
ֹ 
    ˵ʲôбʵ 
    ˡ 
    ҵףǵ飬Цһˣ
ʲôˣ 
    ܰĵط롣ˡ 
    ҵ˵ǣ賤̾һҲûʲô취Ѿˣܲ
ܰҸϳȥɣ 
    ѧУֻһˣҲûһЩ
ֻԼЩԡ¹йŮദһңҵϴ
һ֮ؾͻȥˣһġ 
    ʵλ뿴赽û֮⣬иҪԭ
ǲܳʱߣҪһֱ״̬Բ
侲 
    ò˵ǼһؼҾͲ뷵Уˡ迴͸ҵ˼
ߴһʼûҵɣδߴһؾɶø
ȥˡһڼﲻߡ 
    Щˣ˵ӣô˳ҵأ 
    ʵɣϴѧ˵ͦνġ˵ģ߿֤
ԼһᣬѾ˳ѧˣҲ֤Լˡڷ
Щˣ治һʱҪȥҪǿҽһЩѧУ
ֱӾڱϴѧǲܾˡ 
    ˵磬ͻȻҴ绰ذͳԷһʼ
Ҳû⣬룬ذϿˣͳԷϡġ 
    °ȥꡣһ·Һ裬ذͳ
ԵɣҲûҡȵ֮Ҿȵķ֣Ƕĳذ
֮⣬һİӡⲻͨͳԷһ
ѽ 
    ذ̼Ҳһ㶣Ȼܻ裺ôҲˣ 
    ˵üɴһˡ 
    ذƳһۣεЦЦɡλǳ˰ָ
Ȼӽܵλҵĺùۣ֣ơ˾г
Ρ 
    ЦžѾǲˡ 
    ذһ㶣ְˣ 
    ݸһЦûáȻ֣΢ЦŴ˸к
á 
    òĸһ֣ңλǣ 
    ֱ˵ĽܵҶӣС 
    Щ⣬ָһ֡ϸһ£Ӧʮ
£һңŵ壬Ҳͦˬɾģû˵
СȻ΢ЦܸоõΡӦòǵһ
ˣô׵ģƻû 
    ذ̾Ǹ˵ýƵģм䴩ߣԾա
ֵ󷽣ʼձ΢Цʱʱ͵͵۴裬ϱ
ҵһЩĸܡ 
    ףڸҩˮڼŲߣ
Щ蹲ʱ䣬һЩ顣Ūɳ׾
ˡǸڰ~  
    ҲǵһμԵʣҲû̫໰ĵġذ
ȥתת˵£ټֺ迪ذ̻ؼҡ
ذڸʻϣյǰĵЦô˲
ɣ 
    ˵ͷͦá 
    ذظԺ˵ҿ˵۹⣬һ׼ϳ˳
ƢҲáǰˣڸŮһ׷ӣ
λھǸģָͳˡ 
    軹û˵̲ס˾죺ôõˣôԼأ 
    ذһɣæԲûûСôĸ
˵ģ 
    ذæϣҿɲϰ 
    бô㻹˰Ҹ㣬Ѿˣ
׸ǼңǼҵŮ 
    ذ̼ɱǼ̫Сˣ벻𡣡 
    ҿ٣˵λ裬ҵƤ˰ȥġ 
    ذ̶һӻ֣ȥһȥ˵ʲô졣Ȼ裺
ղ㣬㻹û˵ءô 
    Ҳ˵ͦõѽ 
    ЦʲôѽһԱռŷŵأﻹô
Ǻ 
    ذüͷһ壺˵ܱǲ 
    ڡȻףܵҵɡ 
    㡭ذһʱ 
    ˵ˡѾˣ쵥ϵɡ 
    ذ̶´μ棬ǧٴСȥˡ 
    Ц˵´ҪףԴȥҲѰѹء 
    ˰ɣ 
    ذͻؼҺͷҿб󷽣ڳϣ
Ĭ˺ð죬̲סʵô˵ 
    ˼ 
    ˼ʲô 
    ۣǰ· 
    ͷһۣʵоô 
    ʲôô 
    ׵Ķ󡣡 
    ֪ǹʵģʼ磬˵аɣɥżг
дڵĴ壬ҲܰСˡأ 
    ĬƬ̣һ䣺ţǲе񣿡 
    仰һڣ˲侯ʲôҶ⣬Ψ䣬
̫Σˡæ˵ҾҰһҲҰĶô
ѽذ̵˵˼ҶɾֳˣҰֻһСƳء 
    ͨӾһۣôҲɹˣ 
    ԳЦӵĹԡԸ񣬰ŪǸλ
ȥñѽ 
    ֪㻹ġ 
    ɹˡ 
    ɣѧûҵˡҾ㰡ϸһѧУ
ѧȥ 
    Ҿ֪вңҸɴԼ˵У
ߣȥˡ 
    ҿһ¡ 
    Ƭ̣˵裬ǰĺȥסǸ
֮ҷˣе㼤˷ܡ 
    ţȻû˵Щʲô 
    ҸоԼԺöıܱˡ 
    ͷһۣüͷһ壬ð˵˾䣺˵ʲôأ 
    һ˵ûԶΪ˽Ȩƴȫ
ȥսѪڵĸоͽ˷ܡ 
    䣬֨һͣ·ߡתΣ
ҵԴһͨ 
    æ㡣֮УҼСڹƵӳ£
ɵһ¶͵סգźıݺݵȥ

ĸϹԡ(5.7-5.10) ߣӰ
˫գ棬˱֬Ըк촽ֻȺģһ顣

豾ŷȭʹ򣬱ͻȻôһ£һʱЩˣ۾˲ᱡսĹ촽ȴģ

һžֻż·ĳ̥ѹ·ΪԽǰΣ̽ӹҵģƣͺǹǷƵġ

ãȻһѽƿȻһֵķŭĶҵԴһơҼƲѵ⣬ƿţɿĴӳȵ

ʱͷϣĻһȥùͷ˵˾䣺ˣһе£ȻȥɡȻֻʵֳ

һֱƵҹʮ㣬ĥĥĻص˼ŵƣҵͷЬʱߵһӣһҴѧУ䡣һƣڷôˣ

ԭΪѾ˯ˣĬĻԼȥû뵽·ǰʱźȻ򿪣һѾסҵĶ䡣۵İֱУǣ߻ص˴Ŵ򿪷Ž˳ȥȻش䣬˳ȥһ仰Ҳû˵顯һϣ潫䷴

֪Ϊʲôᱻſڣ׼ҹѽѧУνҹģĶȥѽ

ţûлӦ绰ϢҲҡĻˣһҲûء֮£ֻȥɽһҹڶ˻ƱʵʵĹѧУȥˡ

ΪԵ޹ʵĿ˼ΣȥͰһٺҵ˼ȲѧУѧϰҲûʲôȤҲǺģľʲôʱܻؼҼ衣Ҫ֪ѧϰ̬ȣ϶һҵνϾѧϰҲһˡˣĸϷһϲС˵Ҳûƽʱôù

ͻȻһ죬һλҲ֪ôˣͻȻҪͼǿΪʾԼľģϷ˺ŶˡּЪʽŬܶҲйû̫¡˵Ϸ˺˰ǧǮҾе㲻ˡҴСͶ׬Ǯ¶ȽУԼĲ׬Ǯ̻˽ѯһ£ңϷ˺ʵͦˣӸһʼġ

һнɵϷȻҲôϷҲ֪ͷѾˣû뵽һϷ˺žȻô󡣼Ȼ˿ϻǮ̣˵Ϸ˺һıֵáں棬Ųֱ̄ʼǱһ£ϷϷҽȻͦġ

ԴҽӴϷ֮󣬾͸û˼ѧϰˡ֪䣬ȥһ£ҪؼҵͷԽԽˣһȲҪ裬һ棬ϴǸ׶һе㵣ġ

һ´γٻһ£ʵ̲סˣ˼룬ĩĻƱؼҡϳǰרȥЩϲ˺ܾõĸ㡣ϵҵģһžڿ˸棬һ㶣漴üͷһ壬ͷʵôֻˣ

ҽǰ׼õĸڰջ˻ΣЦ˵Ǿ߶ҵĸҹֵʱת

Ϊ¶

ǰǧ͸ж𣿡

һҧҸжƨ

ô˵໰ˡ

ŭҡСûˣòݿѧͷܣô£

ⲻ

˵ţſ˫ۣһѽ豧ס裬ͷԲļϣƵҪƿȴԵԥһ£ұһʵûУ

Ҵʣ裬𣿡

ܺúѧϰѽ

ķǡ§裬ĺģЦ˵ҸղŽʱԵĿһ˿ϲ

ŲŶԣ

˵գƿǺижߣһĮ˵ˣ͵ˣˡ

ҺٺɵЦЦҸջؼң͸߰ôҲҹһҹɣ

ƳһۣĬƬ̣˵ϻȥ

ҽ£裬Ҷˡ»𳵣ûϷء

ַ棬Լȥ

һ¡

㡣

üͷίͰ͵˵ǧĸϻһ档ҵԸˣϹ

һۣߵҿͼɣ

ô˵軹ȥһ뷽棬ɰҽӹڵ棬һ˵̫ˣȻֻһͨͨķ棬ȴĸ׶ӵ˼֮飬Լİ⡣

üͷһ壬Цãܱܲôѽһķ棬˵ú̷һⲻѽ

裬֪ѧУķһѾҹ룬ܳһķССһ뷽棬Ǿ͸ɽ亣ζһһġ

ߵһЦô˴ѧԽԽƶˣ

ⲻ~͸һһĳ棬һš

ˣ˸Ͻ˯ȥ͸ˡ

ҴӦһͷ棬۽ȴʱʱش衣ɵмҾӷڲסȵˣжȥױݵôһ£ûˣſƺĵ㣬ֻڴһͷƤ飬ɤ۷ɡ

оҵߣƳһۣɤӣ֣µľͻˡҪٸҺҾͰϳȥһӱٽš

šͷӦڵʱôϨġΪתעҲΪ˽Ľ䱸ʵ̻𣿡

ޱĻ˾䣺ûʲôˡ

ŶҰϵ𣿡

跢һ޵̾תһԣʶ컨壬ûлشҵ⡣֪϶ϰϵˡôˣ춹ģţϾǲϳϡ

ʵҲмȽ£ȴֲҿڣϴһŪɳ׾ˡԽѹţԽ㷲צƵģʵڱﲻסˣװ˾䣺ˣ衣ǸʲôֳϴǸϵ裿

ؿббңʲô

á¡ҲҲҲǹġ

ң軺ؿɳϣ˫ۻǰЦЦĿң⣿

˵⣬Ǽٵġʲôʲô壬Ҳסɴ󷽳ϣǡе⡣Ͼϵ뱲ӵҸԼǼҵļͥ

ôҪǸϵˣǼҾͲˣ

Ҳ˼æϣȻ͵ǡ˵ǸǸ~Ǹ˼

ߵһ˵˵û˵

ҵͷС˾䣺ס

趢Ƭ̣˵ԼʰˡݸϽ˯̻ѧУ

ҳü˵ջ߰ǧĸϻͳһ档һһصƱǮ˷ѽ

Ҳ֪˷ѽ˵ʲô͵ģ㲻Ŀѽǵ

ⲻ~ĸۣʵܲˣͬ⣬Բĵظϻġ𣿡

ն˵Ҳ⣡

Ůʱ飬շֿټ档ʱ޿̲ŶԷ޲ʱʱ̵̿һһͻܡ

üͷһ壬˵Ҳ˵һҵ顣һ㣬㡣

еˡ

æЦɣÿڶһˣһ٣

ص·˭

Ȼҳ

ĶôǮ

ͱˣа취

ЦһаȻô£ԺѧѺѶԼͰɡ

ҿЦġûǮѧһÿء

ЦҲ֪ѧػصڡˡҪ㣬Ƕͷɡ

Ҫô˵ǲǮˣԸˣϵܸһˣ

Ȼ֪˵ʲô˼һɣٽһǶϾĸӹϵˣҺúѧϰһ쵽ЩӰ˵顣û

šˡĻ˾䡣

ڶһ磬𴲷УһԸ⣬ɴװһܵӣŴڴϣֱӡϧ̫˽ˣĮʵôˣ

Ҳͣشüͷһܵ˵ۡ۵

˿Ϊǵװ⣬Ͻ

裬ܡҺԻˣ۵

趢һޱʵʲôˣ

ʲôװģĻһ£Ȼֹ˵񣬾ͳһ棬סġ

ͷ˹յʲô˼˵ҸԻǲ

ûûûҲ˼е̫ˡ

ٸᰡϽ𴲣ϻѧУȥ˿ء

û취ֻܼ󷨣§ͷߺİ裬ܡⶼûأϢһɡұ֤ұ֤ȥòãò~

趢ңΪ

ҳ̾һ˸е˵ðɺðɣ壬һ߸СʱĻ𳵣ѧУȥ

˵ţĥĥ俪ʼ𴲴·Ƭ̣˵˾䣺һϸһѧУȥʲôˣ

ԭǿӲ̬ȣЩˣæ˻ȥ֤ǣһһ֤ûнڡ

òڼסһ죬ҵȻͿʼɼɨءϵءӣʰøɸɾ̨ϵĻһ顣ĩ費ϰ࣬ɳԹۣæǰæ

æ˰죬Ҳ˰ѺʵʲôܷԸһԸˣʡѾ

跴ʵ㲻岻𣿡

һ£ãͷѽôͻȻͺأҽѧ漣

轫תһԣҡεı飬ҾɵСʱ顣СѧʱҾ;װ٣ÿζܽҲ𴩣һ棬Ϣһ졣

Ҵ㶵ģҲû̲סʵʲôأ

˵裬ǺܾûһȥˡѵãȥӰɡ

鵭ĮĻ˾䣺ûȤ

͡

ȥ

šһȥԶٷɡ



ͷʲô

ߵһھ㡣

߹ȥɨӲȻֱ˲ӣԴǰһݣ˵Ը

跭˸ۣһм˵鲻ãҰ˵գֽɨ㶪˵ϡ

ߣСʵ裬ʲô¶𣿹ϵģģԸһ¡

ְƿͷ˵ҹʲô¶ŸһСƨ

ǲܵǲǷŲģҪɣȥڴϡ

б۵ңһɱҸæ͵ǣᡣⲻҵ˲ڴϣǣ֣컨壬̸ܳˡ˵ĸҲþû̸ˣᣬúһġ

ûҡ

Ĭһ˵ǲҸ㽲ЦɡҲӦԹԵʵ֪Ļһһ𣿡

ûƵģǲҡ

裬֪֪˵ѽ

һ׷£ڲͷˣ˵˾䣺֪

ΪǾС𡣡˵գվһ°ڣ·ḴӡߴôСҲ硭

бۿңһĮһֵ˼ҲûСҸоЩΣͣɤӣԣ˵ЦǡҸһ¶İɡϴҸһȥԷҶܣ㣬һ·Ҳò˼вķݣվڴָŲвǾ԰ɡ

˵꣬ҹЦȴз۾û˼Ц⡣ƵʵһҲЦ𣿡

跴ʣİɣ

һЦ󷽳ϣϿĶӡ漴˵¶ġϴҳȥ棬ϻˣ޹ܰҿšʹʲôӣȥģ

֪

Ҿ͸ųֻãǰᰢ̸Ĳ˼ˣ͸ҿˡ

ؿңȻ˾䣺޹̶ܰˣ

һ㶣ûӦصʮ˰ɡôˣ

۾һɣʲô˼ָɣ˵̫ţ

ǡûʲôʱ˵̫ˣ

ſʮ޹̳ܰʱֻãӳ𣿡

üͷһ壬Цãǡû˼̫ˡˣǲ¶ˣԺҲ˳ֻˡ

Ц㰮˭Ͷ˭վ·ϼ˾ͳҲû˹㡣

üͷ壬һɻ˵ƢеĪҾǿЦ⡭òǴֵðɣ

ҵԴһ£۵İһ

һ쵽ûûСģ

ҿɥίͰ͵˵Ц

ʲôЦ㿪ѽø˵һ͵ȥ

ȻʱҲ˵˵žܸоٻ𣬷еаԡΪƽŭȥʳģΪһٷʢ͡񲢲飬ǳˣǰġ

һٷ岻ģǾ١ȥһ˳Уʳģ׼ϴչ֣ȥּտҲ˲ˡ

Ϊǳȥɢȥذ̼ﴮţȵͿҪ׼ɣյ跢Ϣ˵ʱиӦ꣬ԼԷɡ

ҵһĪʧ䣬Ľ˵ͣһԵȫˣȻɳϣһֻһߵؼҡҵȣǲۿʮˣҵе㲻

Ҫ˵ǰҲӦ겻ϣϰΪˡɲ֪ôģԴĹϵ΢֮󣬶μӾϯ£ﻹġ

Ҽ绰ȷһ״ҿҪסʱﴫ˸߸ЬûŲЩ鸡һǳһŵģǺȶˡ 
ҸæŴȥû뵽ѾˣֻһλʱеŮһԿףһֲ衣Ŀԣͬʱһ

һ£ŮЦʵǡСɣ

һûش͵ذͷͨ죬˵СҶӡǡ쵰ɫǡ

ҸæҪ裬ȴһӣ㡭Զ㣬㡭

ЩΣЦŶŮ˵һȶ˾ײˡ

ָҵı˵˭ײϣ㡭ң

ûлش⣬ֲĸ첲軹ڻֿܣģûʲôŮĽɿҽһק²ȣһᣬбҵϣ̱ǵľƾζŵˮζӭ

˼£ɽ¾վȣӶҵϡַ裬ʵôôడ

⣬ܵôҡҡλεģСŮһˣСƢ

Ůæͣ˾ͬ¹գƽˣͶ˼ûȾƣͿƽĳͻˡ

ˣЩƣСֹ˾䣺ķô

ţŮû

ûʲôЦЦʶĽǰŮ´һƯʱС󷽣ҲʧׯһŮ

ҸлͻؼңԵ˵˾䣺Ъһ°ɡ

ŮЩɣԥʱһ˵Сգ㡭ϽߡǸ̬ɫǡСĵ㡭

ҺŮ㶼ЩΡҿЦԹĶô̭Լӵġ

賶סҵĶ䣬˵㲻ǣ

Уǣ˰ɡ

ŮεЦͦˡƽ㰲ȫҲûȥˡƽĳԿ׺ͼԿס˵ţԿ׽ҵ֣Ȼת뿪ˡ

ҽŹϣ軻Ьȴƿָ˵㡭Զ㡣

ҡҡλεģվվˡȻ˵в

Ҫ裬ȴֵ

ҡ֪ġڴʲô⡣ҺȡˣռұˡԡԲԡ

ں˳ɢס˰Ŀң̬ʤټ˰ϵᱡ˳ɫ˿࣬Ҫ˵һ㶼ģǾԲܵġ

ǰβһȻҲģҪ˿һѡݳ嶯ȴǿɿصģҲʶʱռıˡֻ£Ȼٶһˮͷůůθ

Ҳռˣǻ˯вУ˵ţٶҪЬֱƿ

㲻ռұˣ㡭Ǹ㲻͡롭Ҵȡ

ⲻǰЬ

òţҡԼѡһ˵ţһҪ߸Ьӽϵɷ˰쾢ҲûԸһߣɫ߸Ь뿪˿Сţڿлһߣžડһ˿ذϡ

編ƣֽһֻϵĸ߸ЬҲ˦˳ȥϸ˿˸߸ЬֱӲڵذϡתͷϿһɺɻʵأ

ЬأҡЬأЬĶˣ

ⲻǰءЬЦõķǰ

ѾĽ˿СŲȽЬȻ˵㡭ǹġءġ

Уҹģҹġ֪ʲô˵ˣɴ˳˼Ƚȥ

Ҹմ裬ֱƿˡ

С𡭡ΪҺˣ㡭͡ͿΪΪ裡ҡ֪ʲôУ

֪ʲôУôơⲻǹҴô

һ˵ɻһڣҺ趼סˡ۾ԭҲ࣬˲Ƶġã˵˾䣺Զ㡣Լߡ

ҡҡλεĳȥҴվԭأĥŸղ˵Ǿ仰ǰ֪ڼңԼŪġʲô˼ִ

Ի֮ʱһСſϣ۵ġϡһǽֹҸæܹȥȴƵһߣҲһ¡

ҿЦһǲǺȶѽô־ɹѽ

ǽǿվӣƿŸˡһײϡŶҲûȻϵı飬ղһ࣬Ӧͦ۵ġ

ȥ裬ûپܾˣҷĸ첲ߡĴȻִԭͺͮͮƺˡ趼һСӢˬŮǿģ㱿ӣǵһμмֿɰҵͨͨ˼¡

ڴºתȥ˱ˮٽʱҽŲڴϣʹߵߣˮ˹ȥȻκģĳ̶ȣʶأӹˮҿ˽䱸

εĿЦĺȰɣûҩ

ԥƬ̣źһڡ

ԵʣҲǾƾѬͷ߳㺹飬մĺ쳱Ųһ·ӣڿĺĳҲЩңϱߵĿӱ˿¶һƬѩ׵ķ⡣

ұϾǸʢСӣôʱûйˣоëëġ˿ڿˮ۾Ծ˳ȥ

ȹµ˿ȷ˵ĹΣ⴦ӨĽֺУǱ˿£ƺɫֺԼɼƽԸȻ

Ҹоڴܹһɿʣշ̣Ÿ˿ȵĻ棬ζϸ»ĴУ˻ǣơ

ҾħƵģƬ֮󣬲ܿƵĽ˹ȥֳָ֪ոմ˿СţǴһ㣬ˮһõҵϡ

һʵ̫죬Һ趼ҺñﲻǿˮҪȻҷǻ˲ɡ

ҺƬ֮󣬿ʵѽ

ЩΣԸоóղһ²ǹ⣬ǳڱܡ񾭻ǱĺܽҵķҲ˿ûм

·һˣʵ

ղŽˣҰһ¡

òš

ղһײͦصģһǰһ°ɡҲɷ˵Ľ˹ȥס⻬Բסֺ

ҵַЩ³üͷһ壬𲱾﷢һҽ˿ģ۾һĶŹ⻬ϸ㱳

ȣȴʼ޷ҵľһЦ˵ռұˣ

Щͷ˿Сţר־˰ĦûҲеò˵ҵİĦͦģһӾͽҲ¶滺ܵı顣

裬𣿡

ţͦõġѧϰ֮⣬ʲôֵͦġ

ҵȻóҲںﷴЩģĦˡ

ҸĦһӣвУЦʵ

ˡϱĦȥɡ

Ķµܣֻĸ״˲ϡ

ɱƶˡ

ôƶأǰ֡

ôһҲأ

˵Ҫ

ȻĮң˵СҪİ裬ǻǰвСʱһ裬вУ

ʶƽȥˣͷȲ˵ãҲ˵NOҰ첻鱯еʵǲˣ

Ұİ裡ұκ˶Ҫ裡

úõҪٶֵˣòã

ͣ϶̧ͷ裬һϵ˵ΪӣҰΪĸ׵裻ΪˣҰΪŮ˵֣ơ

ɫһ䣬ü˵ʲôа˵Ǻ˵˵ȥ㻹ǲ衣

ǣôѭˣѵҾһҲϲ𣿡

ЩżҲˡ

ҵȻϲ㣡ǴҶҵӣܲϲ𣿡

Ҳ˵ӣ˵ˡΪˣѵһԵû𣿡

½ױȵ裬ĸûŮֵ֮ġ

Ҹһ𣿡

Ȼһġһϲ

Ҳš

һ㲻ʲô

ҲһоûС

㡭Ҳ֪ôңһʱ

ڸ̧ܣ˵Ȼһͷɵ˵֤ҿ

ûӦô֤

Щ˵֤ҾԲᶯġŮ֮顣

ޱضңð˵˾䣺ġ

Ҽ貢ҵĽߣЩˣµҪ֤˵飬һǷĸо

ն˵ûС

֤ҿ

һȥ

С

ûУ

֤ҿ

üͷһ壺Ҵǲ

˰ɣ˵Ҫִˡ

û˵ֶ̧ҵŴ˹Һܼʱûꡣ豾ͺȵκģգһûбסƽ⣬ӴˤҷӦ죬һѽסҪֵŵˡ

ȻС֮貢飬ֱ֮󣬶ҵԴһơ

ԴԹܴͷɵô죿

ɵãʡһ쵽ˣС

ĽתһԣҡĬƬ֮С˵裬һ쵽ܲҲǲ

Ҫ

̸ʱִΪŮϲԼҲġʵҲͦյġ֪ܣʱɣǶиоġ

ͷһۣأ

԰Ϊ˴ҵͷҴӰѹӦ֤ȫûиоնҵͷ

ԥƬ̣ʵô֤

ҼȦˣＤòˣȻǿװ򶨣ͷС˵Ǹһ£ҪһоҲûеĻ֤ȫûио

ͫŴ󣬵˰죬Ȼֺ̧ݺݵشһ£ŭСǲ

ûУҹί˵ΪҺãҲΪá

ΪҺáĶ֪˵ʲôֻܶһʹҲֻʵܵűߣ˵Ҫǹ䣬̹Ӧ֤Լ

㻹˵ץͷϵˮ˹ͷ㣬ۡһˤƬ

ͬͲͬ⣬ʲôƢ

ߺߵһǡ

ΪǸᣬȴӣ̫ˡûޣֻܴͷɥ뿪˷䣬վſһ£ɨַ˻ȥ

ֽʲô

ҵøɨɾ˰Ҫһϲô죿

죬Ҳ֪˵ʲôû˵ڡɨɾ֮뿪˷䣬ţԼôõĻᣬôأ

ڿת˰죬ԥãвʣתңҪšţȴѾˡ

ǳûϣˡ

ҴͷɥػصֻŻȣڴϷȥľ˯žĥҸʲôڣܼڼû뵽ڶ边ȻûдҷУϰǰԸҽʰɨһ£˵пҪ

Щ⡣ȻоΪЩûиҳţǺõġϰʱ򣬽ɨĸɸɾﻹţҪĿ˭أȻܹ㣬˽ｻĲ࣬ܵľذˡ

Ȼʱ軹û°࣬ذ̾ǰˡû뵽ǣһϴθ׵Ǹʲô˰ֳָ

վڣ뽫ϣǵ档ذ̵ְҵȽУҵͼֽŶסȻŤͷЦŶ˵Ȼľ͸һ

˴˽ȥƳذһۣʵôˣ

ذ̰һۣʲô¶

֪𣿡

ذ̵ЦԼ˼ġ

һѿڶܣ

һµˣʾ֪ˡ

ʶԭ˵ҪдĿˣذ̣ǸˡΪʲôҪ

վشûذæǿæǶ˲ǵˮģŮһ飬˼ţѲѧʱһֱϵţ

ذ̼վ﷢ɻʵ㲻ڱţôֻˣ

ﱾͶں˵һס

ţذһףʲôף

˵־ҪΪһܳýţҲҽһⲻǼҴҵĸϻˡ

ذʶ̣ͷһɳϵĸֳҲ߿˵ëġ

Ц˵ҩе㱩ꡣ

ذ̺ߵһҿ㲻ǳ˻ҩǺһס

ҳ˭Ĵװ½ĴףǳĴף

ذһۣҧ˵С˵ԽԽûˣҵЦҲҿˣҾİ¶һûͷͬء

˵󻰣ң˵˻治㡣ǵͷС

ذƳһۣƶɡҪǼţôʰ㡣

һɳϵˣȻڵͷֻ͵˵קסذ̵ĸ첲һذ̲ԣҪѣǱǣ˳űߡ

ʲôذ̾Ŀҡ

Ҵյǰѹ˵̣Ҿеͦġ

ذһ˵̫߳˰³ˡ

Ͳ񾯲˵Ļ

񾯲ô˵ذ̾˸һ˵ͬ־˵˾˻ˡ

˵ġİܵͦõġ

ذ̽´һŽɵʵôţ

ǡ㿴ͦģҲͦãһô巢ҲздǸֳȻ㣬д尡

ذ˫΢УؿбңôǸýѽ

һϿҵ˵˵ģ˲

ذüͷһ壬Щ̫ţ޳¶ˣһΪᷴء

ˡ˲ʺ衣ͦʵġ

ذŷӦ۾һɣСҳǲΪҲҴ㰡

ʲô˵ġͦġǶڣйͬ԰ɡУȻվһ飬ϸӰ̫зˡ

㲻ǸҿҲͦзġ

ҪһһΣôҲûɡ۰ǰĺˣôͲ֪ϧأ

˵꣬ذ̶ҵĺ׾һƣЩ߳ŭ˵ҿǷˡûûС

ʹü˵ôһϲԴ

ذЦҾѵġ̫ˣһë

ʱ죬˽æվЦк˰ɡһ߻ЬһҺذ̣ʵʲô

ذ˵ѵТء

üͷһ壬Դһίĸ״裬ҡ

һֲߵúá

ǣҲһԭ򣿡

Ƴһ̴ۣҪԭ𣿡 
      죬λֳվɳԣЩΡ軻ЬͬкߡҸں棬һ·βŽңʵ裬˵Ŀˣ

ǰôˣ

ö˶˵ģҪѽ

Ƴһۣҵ׶󣬽ҪҽġҲδļ̸˿㰡

ôͳҼ̸ˣѽ

ǰôõˣ۵ңôܾôأ

¶ЦЦı飬˵ٻǲŵģʵϲ

轫׹¼ϣͷҲص˵˾䣺кøС

ǵʲô𣿡

һ£֧ССС



ԶԶԣ˵



轩Ƭ̣૵ԣҼǵճ°

бۣһ˵г

ʶˣŪˣüһߺߵ˵ףǲ

Сֹ˼ҽʲôֶǵˣ˵кøУ

ЩΣȻӲǵôˣ۾¡

ԥƬ̣ҳʵ裬ǲǹİ

ʲô

ҡ

Ƴһۣ̫ˡҹ㣬вˣһû·أϽȥ

۾Ϸ˷ת˷䣬£˻ȥʵ裬ҿҲûϳʲ

ڻ·¿Ӹɽ⿪ţ쳨ְ׷ɫ˿ֺȻҵǰɵһ

æסؿڣôֻˣŲѽȥ

ҹԹԵĽ¹غãص˿ذʵôˣ

˵ÿ費ͬ⣬һ١

ذüͷһ壬ЦҿŰɣ

һ軻е·˳ԴǸ˵°еҲûü׼ʲô

ذ˵ҲûҪǵڼæɴȥ԰ɡ

æѾţţܿˡ

ڵȲ͵ʱ䣬Χڲ輸ԣһߺȲһ졣ǵĻ⣬Ҳ岻ϻһԼĸоڽ̸ʱԱž룬Ǹ׶죬̸

һ˹æרһµʽװ̷Щˬֹ˵ذ̳ԷҲͣдõŰڵôƯ𣿡

æţһۣģ쵹ˡ

֪һԴףһĴ̼ҡҿǹġ

ûлӦߴٵ㣬æģȴ׵ġ

Ҵ˹ţţ˵ôõţţԿϧˡ

ֹʲôأϽ˳ȥǵȸ˰

ʱذ溰Сƣֻˡ

æĻ첽˳ȥҸ׼һȥȻһϴΪԵרڱءԥһ£̽ͷ⿴˿ֻҽӵ绰ȥˡ

Ľħӱ˳ͿĨһţϣȻֽͨͿĨţϡͷһۣ軹ڽӴ绰ûӶ˳ȥ

ذ̼ţźģЩɻϸһƣɵüͷһ壺ʲô

Ƶţšһ˵ţһ߽ͿĨħţŰ˳¸ֳǰʵ壬ܳİɣ

Ц˵Уһͦϲġ

ҰģҲ

ϲôˣ˵䣬Ѿֻ˹Ƽϵţţɵһ㶣ô£

æϲҾͿһ

ҰҲòŷôడ

ذ̸оЩԾˣʵСڴʲô⣿

~Ҳ˵ˣܳ

æԲûû£һͦܳġ

趢Ƭ̣ͷȥҵţʹһЩȥȻôϲǾͶһ㡣

ذһֻЦţܡ

ҲƴˡһĨٶҲӲͷƤȥħɲһȼˣϴαͳһСڣθ졣

˳һڣԵĸоԾˣĵĴһ£ذ̳ԵĶͦĵģԥһ£ӲͷƤҧһڣȻ͹ơơ

ȻȱȽϵͣܲסѽҲĹǺǿʵ壬ţţаɣ

˳һζ治

˵СģôҼˣ

װ̣ǾġŤͷʣ壬ѽ

ᶼˣǿЦݣУǺ

رϲǼҶϲҪǳһӣҲøŶٶٳ

ɫһ䣺ٶٳ

ǿɲϳϳһʱҹóԶ͵̫һˣǺ

۾һɣ⻹

⻹лˣһǲŽء

ذС裺ʲôʱˣ

Ϲ˵ʲôʱˣϲҲûôϲŤͷңС㷢ʲô񾭰ôԼԣ˵ţＷһЩ 
ֹΪʱⲻҪǮƵҲˡ

Ц㲻ǰ𣿳Ըɾˣ

Ӧɡ֮£ӲͷƤʣͣĴһԵˣ壬ҲѽϿѽźơˣϿѽ

͸̳һÿһڶ࣬䤱һη꣬͸˸һڲͣĺˮ͵Ƥһԭģһ꣬˾ȲҪߡ

ֻʣʱбۿңޱʵʲôˣ

ʲôҡûʲôҵ촽ֺףˡ

ؿбңʲôûɣô

ĸҵȻ֪˵˭

ߵһΪ㲻˵ҾͲ֪ʲôǲǰħĨţˣ

赱𴩣һҲ⣬ٺɵЦ֪

費мĺߵǵСס˭

λ׶ûְΪǸԵͬһء

ˡ˼ҿ϶µˡ

µˣЩɻ󣺡ô

¡Ϊ˲Һذ²̨ô˼ӲͷƤȥ~Сλ˼ҲԶˡ

˰ɣһЩ̫š

׽Ūˣ㻹ʲôѽһ֮תȥˡ׷ں溰ûʰء

Ҫɹ

һʰһ߻ζĻȻԼΪеһЩڡ˵֪Լ׽ŪˣȴһԣȻ˸ưͿȴ˸ӡ󡣷ң˱Ϊ֮⣬һôҲû̵

ôⲨֱˣ

Ҹоеţ׷Ť˰죬̲סʵʲô

裬òɣ

ƮƮĻ˾䣺ųֿܡ

СֹҾڹҳԴס

費мһҾǳˡ

裬вϣʵиоģ԰ɣ

ЦҶ̫иоˡÿδʱ򣬸оõĲˡ

Ҳ侲˵裬ô񶨣ǺܸߵġһʱĻ䣬ȴҪָоԣŻڲȵκģ˿ɳ֮

ϱȻһ䣬Цǳ⣺죡

Ҳûбĺŵ˵ҲʶԼΪΣգԲŻŻŵ͡ǹңʵԼĵĻҡ԰ɣ

ңĬãߵһġ

Ȼϲϣȴƭ˵ġһ˵ţһ߷š豾ܵĽֻأĿңʲô

һ㶡ǰö˶˵ģҸҪѽˣ罫ʹ˵裬˼ȥоôҲǰ취ҾǻӦþ˶ϣҪȻҲûѧ

ʲô˼ƺѾ

ڸղڼͣ軻һɵ黨ȹϻɫ˿࣬ڵƹӳ£⣬ϸ˳ҵֱϸһ£һʼ̫Ļûܡ

вУһ£û٣ҾͳȫûиоҲͳˣ԰ѧϰˡ

Ͻȥû֡

Ҳ֪費ӦҪ󣬵Բģ˵ǲң顣岻̬ȣҺܶأһڹһᡣ

ʲôʱˣҺˣϽȥ

ܲǹġĳЩʶΪҲһִҶܸоʹ

üͷһʲôˣ

ǡ룬ǰݣֲܳϡۿԼһһ˽ȥȴҲݣһܾܿ־壬ֻƴ˵ĶԲԣ

۾΢Уе˰ɣ

п飬пҲ˲ʵʵĻ롣ڲҪ֤һ£״ҵͷҪȻߣ컹ǻġ

ԥƬ̣ʵ֤ҶûָоǲǾͻȫҲ»صǰĹϵԲԣ

ǡǿĵͷ

ֳƬ̣¶˾ģ˵Ǻãһ¡û٣֤Ҷȫûָо

š

Ҽͬ⣬ֹޱȼϽǰʪ޵ıƬ̺ҽ˹ȥٿһ죬ֽƿԻҵȷϵһ£ǲǣ

ѾˣҴҵĵͷǣһ¡ȻȲҪǰȥһαƿ

Ҫô֤

һ£ǾͲһɡ

ҶƬ̣ѩ׵˹ȥָϣϸỬıظоóֻһӣȻ̧ͷԴĿ衣

£ʵ

һһʮ¡⻹ûʼôѽ

պθ֣򶨣ȴԻңһֱô졣

ֻεӣͦȤġ̲סЦһ£üͷһʵЦʲô

ûЦ

ЦˣЦʲô

ҡǾţڵӣͦɰġ

豻ҵĻ˵һ㶣һʵǷңЦң

Ȼڿѽҵ񻨶һɰ˵ţҽͷ˹ȥȴٴα

ôˣ̾˿Щͷʵ

ϸվһЩҵȹ

Ҹ²¶࣬Ȼһ̲סЦǽ˰ɣ

ʲôţ

һžϲ𣿡

豻˵ˣµҾơƺȶˣϲҽʲôһҲš˵ţҴҵߣŰ֣š˰ҲûŴ򿪡

ڷڽصȴţʱڣӱܡڵһڻǻˡҵԣٴξֻһ¡

֪ˣ֪ˣ

ͷȻٴδȥۿҪ׵СˣȴҪƿûᣬ͵ס촽סС죬һ˿ӦĻᡣ 
촽ģģһ棬һ鱡һƢ

ֵҵؿڣܵҪƿԥһ£ûʹöôᱡҪ˿촽סʼղԸ

ôֶܵӣڿʼˣʹƿȻպĿңϢ˰ɣ

ڻζˬĸоôһѣҲ͵˵ˣ˲ˡ

㡭ŭĿԲЩ

һΡҽִϣֻʱȻٴν촽ϡĴӣĸоֱ壬ôĵִţѾһȣֹˡ

ֵǣʲûԵļ٣ҲѾˣûа취ٿˡ

һӣķֿ购Ϣʵؿ˰ɣûбɣ

Һ˵ˣһʮ¡

һ£漴Ӧյ

Ҫţһ¡

ʳ֪ζٴν촽˹ȥæֹ˵ţԼϣҰ˼ʱȻĴӣһһ

ҳ䲻˿촽δӦͷ˹ȥ̴нһ˫ĿԲҪִڲʣûа취ƿ

ҪСһ𣬿Ĵ㣬Ը׷Ҹ֮䣬ٽҲһȤ

ʱ䵽޿̵ĽƿĨȥҺŭҡ跢ѣæʵô𣿡

ûУûУ

ܣһƭҵġ

ƭʲôˣƭҵģ

ǡһ⡣

ԥһ£˵һΡ

ãһΡ

ͷ

첻졣

ҪͷҾ͸ҧˡ

ұ֤֪ŻңǲҼŭ衣

һۣȻָסҽָϣȻ˹ȥ边Ȼûκԥֱĺһ

ȷʵûԵļӿ죬ôȥɲɡһճһַֻ˿ϡָһǳ˿ϣǹ⻬ϸĸоֱֱƤ񣬺ü

һԲŭҡҲΪ˳Բ˿ȥÿȹڣ˽ȥ

Եظоˣֵһڲֹңֻн˫ȣֹҵּǰС

ҸоȹȺģһʪйܽӴҿԿ϶϶ѾˡǵִٲϣȴǺܳʵġ

֮Ҳ跢˵ˣһиоģ԰ɣ

ŵã¡边ȻƱ

ҲˣĶĸо

ĶЩֿڣšסҵĶ䣬˵һûأղĶأ

ǿʹ˵ˣ˵㻰

ѹûе¶ˣʲôϡ

ҧ˵һи취֤

ʲô취

ڿˣҿһ£ǡǲǡʪˣ

ɫͨ죬ҧ˵Ƿˣʲô˵ǲ˵ϼӴʹšҵĶ䡣

ұϵζһټ϶ϵʹɵö򵨱һѹ£ȴȹڣ˳˿ϸȹڡ

Сʲô辪ʧ룬нԭšҵĶ֣һҵؿڴ

ҵ˫޳˿һ·ϣĴȸֻ˫ȼ˿ȣģȷ˽ѾʪˡɵʹĦ¡

СҾ㣬̫ˣ

轿⣬ѾǼˣﻹýȥſߣֹ˵ҿ϶Ѿʪˣǲǣ

ͷ豻ѹ£ҡǶôƵöһСء

˿࣬û취ֱѵڿ㣬ץס˿ڴקæץסֵ֣ƣټƨɽŴҪĺܲס

һڣһ㱡ڵ¶һѬĸ㣬ֱǿҵĴҩ

˰쾢ҲûĿҷù˫ȼصش˿ڿһͨȻ˫ȼеúܽҵԾǸ߸¡ıͣĦߣ˿Ử

ԾţץҵֵҪקҼ촽΢ţˮ۵ģʮԸˣ˫ĿԲɢң̵Ľë΢΢ţҲֻǼǽš

ҺȻͷסĺ촽⧲ܵ˫֣ҵļϣơץסᣬ˫˿ȼ䣬ָס˿ɲһһɫ˿౻˺һӡ

ʶԼмˣ˫æطΪʱָ˳ſ࿪ڴ̽˽ȥŽ۵Ĵȼ˳ڿıԵ˽ȥɶʱ䣬ָոմǱʻİ׻͸еһƬʪճ壬Ⱥģ͸һѨѺˮĳˡ

ˣʹȫûͷСﲻͬĽûסϸС۵࣬زƣͺʪĺ촽˱ѣ֮

ͬʱָڿһԣָʪİ׻ͷѨһ败Ķһ£ĿԲŭңСֽճȭҵļ

ָڽյѨڴزŪƪѻͽ̲ס˼£ֻһ֣ѨҳſֻѨһһϣ֭һ֡

ôˮ˵Լûоƭƭ֪ëͷСӻԣҪŪԼӣ˰ɡ

ոˣ˫нһץסҵһճȭͷʹҲΪָѨһһ㶹С们۵飬֪٣Ūһ󣬽ָм䣬Ū

ʱҵĶѨҺȪˮ㱼ӿĿ䵽ǣϸǷʻճ岻û뵽ôһ£边Ȼ˸߳

ҳ֮УϾ˼ָ£Ѩ죬뵽Ѩ֮СǻھƵĳ鴤һһµĹָʪʪ֭ڲϵðţǸָһŨ

̧ͷ뿪촽ͷȥ̴ֻţᴩϢĿԲЩʧָѨǻŪ£ָ⻬ڣһ

Ӹ߳лҲŽָѨڻ쵽ǰָֻϰһɫճ֭Һµ䣬һ˿

ҺٺһЦ裬Ķ֤ݡ

߷ߣֶ̧ҵϾһƣȴģûһϸһƵģ

Ҳ֪ΪΣҾĽָŽ۽˱У̵ֻģƹϹ͸˵ĸϢͷˡ

龰ߵͨ죬಻ࣿʲôԣ

డ˿˿ġҽմ˿ˮҺָǰһ¡߳ŭҵĵһԡ

裬ûƱ˰ɣЦǺǵ˵

𿪣

裬Ƕиоλε֤ݾͰǰ𣿡

ҳͷ

Ǻãٸһ֤ݡЦţֽȥ֪ʲôæһŭݣ˵Сòãѹܡ

ٱֳһ棬ۼ轿ӵӣЩˡ轫쵽˫֮䣬ס˽ûǿֽ̧˶ķץ

˫屻ס֫ܵͦüһ˿Ƶĵ޷ƴӺ©˳

ҿʼ·Ūķ˶أǱĵԷǳˬһ־ǲסţ΢΢̯Ȼͦ

豻ѹ£˫޷ʹѩ׵Ĳ߳㺹飬˿нĦ̡֮

裬̡

תץסֵŭÿ

Ϊ贩ȹȽխ̲סץס߳ڲرһקԼ˲Ͽѵ

輱ĺ·ˣ§ס򣬲ҵóѡ

ҲѲң治оת档ֽ⿪ϵȻ̽ȹףһֱֱסǷءŪƬ֮֮£ֽ⿪ֿӣֻ鷿˲䵯˳ֽ֮Уץգû谭ֻʢ̽Ĵӣⵯ顣

糺죬ϢСܲһ裿

Եظо˫鶥˵ͷѾ߸߰ӣ˰С

裬ܲܳʵһ㣿

ָ֪ʲôŭĿӡ

˫ץİϣ鷿˶ʼﲻϵر任״ָŻϸֱ˰֡

裬ĺܿ졣ǲǣƶ׷ʵ

ûСտڷϡ

СͨͨģҶˡ

ëֻˡ˵գֿʼ

һ飬һ쵽ѨڣϸʻһΣĶʪ֭ܵҽ쵽ǰ˵ôͣ

ܵγѪһ㣬һŭȴɲϳϣǡӦֲԸġ

ԼİɣûƱɣ

һʱԣ۾ɵԲԲģŭңֻ쭵СèƵġ

Ҽ˵裬ѧŮ˷ˣͷͦڻҺڡԷˣᲪ𣬾˵ţͦӲſĴһ¡

С̫֣ŭ

裬в϶иоҪˣҾ

ǹô˵ģΪ֪ǾԲԼġ

ֻۣһ仰Ҳ˵Ҳ֪ôģۼ⸱ŭģＤޱȣ̲סҪ׽Ū裬֮ѷɵ˾⡣

ɿ鷿ƣԴյĴȼ䡣ȵϢڹ⻬ϸ˿ϣ輱˫Ȳ£ְҵͷϣʵʲô

һ֤ݣҲϡ˵ţַյ˿ϣƺ֪ҵ⣬ʹм䲢£ͦ˫ְҵԴ

Ͼûǯ˫ȲҲûôһСӾǱһ϶Դһ̽Ǹ߸¡ϣѿ˿ɿڣɫڿǵһԣſ콫ˮܵİ׻СѨС

㡭һ˫ְҵԴȣɫ˿ȴҵļϣεס

ͷꡣѨʪŢͷǻһֻ衮šһϸֻСסҵĲӣС͵س鴤˼£֭ӿ

˿ûʮֵɿڣճĽҺ֭һȥ龰ѵҵĽͷŤһԣһһġ

壬⻬Ӥмһϸ죬۵ģǰ˿ǵļѨ¶һɫջСףһһţͬҲ

СѨڽŪƬ̣һ·ֱѨһֻɬɬģЩ࣬ȴûһ˿ζ

ôһ£ƴһҲһС죬ηѩڣ˱̼ľѨס

ãǻһ㣬һϸĴҵļϣҲнҲԴ˿ƻѨʪ̽Ѩڣһ

ԭͷĵ֭ԽԽ࣬ȪȪ۰㣬¶Ĳסð

Сš㡭š

ԽľԽǻϣһŪһͦһ峺𤻬Һ弤ˮһͷһǡ

Щסˣû뵽ķӦôǿҡ̲ס̧ͷȥǡײһͷһƪϡճ죬ң㶵ҶţЩãȻ޴롣

ϱһƬ֭˳յεδ૵ʵ裬ʲô

û˵ӱƵĽתһԡ

㲻֤ݣҼ׷ʵ

Ҳʵûʲô˵ˣ˺ð죬³һ֡

ôôǿأСʱǾңҪʵ˴ҪԣҲ¡

ɣŤͷһԥһ£ɫ˿ϸСȿڼϣİ¿ӣ¶ͦǰһͦŢͻѨڴ

ɫһ䣬͵ţһһߺСÿ

ƨôŤͷʼնѨڡ§ӣ˵裬ͳ˰ɣҪϾÿ˵

ҳʲô

ио

Ҷûио

ʪˣѽҪϣҾͽȥˡ

һŭȴûʲô취˿ƽһ飬Ȱ˵С裬һӣɲԣ

裬ԼģǱ˸ġ

㡭ҧгݣÿ

ʵʵ˵׶ûио

ûУ

˵ٻ˵䣬ͦǰһʺͷͽСѨ˲ʱ뵽һȺ֮֬УѨеĹͷһһϣ·й뽫Ѩ֮С

ͣͣͣͣС𶯣

ֹͣ˶ʵǳ𣿡

辡һģ˵СǡŮ˵Ӧֻһֱƣ˵ʲô

ƭˣҸ½ôˣҲûһγˮࡣ

ߵļֱҪҸطȥֺҵץҪҡҲᣬӲ̵ӵѨڴǰһͦյѨ⣬뵽Ѩ֮С

мһ㣬һ̴ٵüͷ壬ҧŭңӺ΢΢š

˶Ӳպһ㣬Ƕ˽ͻѨѨǻ˷ļѹн䶯ţˬ촭ˡ

Ͼһˣû߷߾ı飬ǷŭΡһضһ£Ӳ˲ֻСæץסҵ˵ȡһ£

ôˣǿų嶯ʱͣ

Щ˼˵㡭һ¡Ҫϲ

Ǹ˲ôҪϲ

ҡܵôҪ

ǣһˡ

Ҳܣϲʲô

УȳϣǶио

ҡûС

Ӳء׻벻ϲˣ

ֻ˿СҼϺҵĵš

ҼżæŵӣȻ˸ͷ˵УҪҲС֤

Щڼæʵ֤ʲô

š֤С˵˾䣺֤H

СҪִңҿ׼Ҿ֪仰϶Ὣŭס͵ǰһžһͷݺݵײ˽۵ӹϡ

ѽһԭͦ˻ȥ

ҸоխѨǻˮİ㣬֭һȪƵģļӿĳHɵٶȡÿһ£ڼϵ˿СŶػζȹµķҲŻԲ

˫־Ŵ٣ﲻʱߺĵӦѨ֮谺𲱾˵Сġе㼱

֪費˵ѣнžҪСë֪ΪΣԽǰҵϷ֮ľǿңͽǼײѨ׻ϣתۼ˼ʮ¡

ԳܣŤϸȼҵļϣıֱȹ°˵ˣǻڵҲеĸĽ

СС衭šĺܼšһºòãš衭ĺܼ

üͷ壬ﾹȻһĿǻе˹ͷҪˡ

裬ǲ򣿡һ߳һʵ

ššǿƬ̣ѿڶǡС㣬š㡭衭һ¡

֪ΪΣİ߾ԽԽͣŴʵ֤һ»H

š㡭ŭңһ߷ߡ

֤Ҿȥ

СѨڼٳ壬Ũ֭ˮե֭㣬ϵ罦׻СѨһƬճ塣

С衭ˣвУ

֤֤

šڼԵʣ費ǰǿŲϷϡ

ܾûԵʣҸоԼЩ죬軹Ϸֻҧţǰͦ˫ְؿ࣬ϸ˿ȣѹؿڷϡ϶£׮㣬δεףҪƵģݺײӹġ

šˡġе㼱šұ֤֤

֤ʲô

ұ֤ұ֤ά֣ʼղ˵

ҸоԼѾǿ֮ĩҪֲȥˣ㷢ĳ̣׼һ

貱߬Ŵ©ܴ߳ϵ߳ܣǿ˰̲֮ס˵豣֤H

ͬ׻㣬һ̣Ѩڳ

輱ĿҪ޳ˣѾ֤ˡ㡭ҡ衭ȥ~

һϷСڼ䴦һ̵Һ壬һĻߣһ

裬Ȼˡ

ͷƤһ飬ֻСѨ⾷εĹɿĳHһ֮ʵڼֲסˣγڷ˶˿ϣŨҺ

ĸϹԡ5.11 ߣӰ
ðһȵ֭ˮһĻߣˮܵģһ

־ϲû뵽边ȻĸŪˣһʱ֪߿ޱȣͲ˼£γ˿ϣҺ

ҽȴӼϷŴͷ衣˫ۣ˫ߺ졣ԭΣ˵Щƽʱ޷ǵԼӵ棬һ˫ݵܸ߳УҵĶ˰ɡ

ҵͷѿµ˽ڿѾ˻ȥס˰ѩ׵һɹ峺Һڲϵţڿʪܵġ

ʱԲܸ軺ҪȻɱҲɡؼǣոӲķͣȫûļ

ҹ˲ϴϵҺǿ˫ȣָʪڿ㣬ͦżӲƿǷ۵²뵽Ѩ֮С

~

˫ֽСһƺߡҲ֪ǲǴѨȸղŸŴˣ֮ˮӯУֱԡ

ҳ˼˫ְŹ⻬ϸ˿ȣһ˼ʮ¡棬ʼղĿʾˡҲ֪ΪΣر뿴ı飬ҪŲû뵽ȴʹȫǲƿ֡

ЩͦѨڷɿ˻˶ײ⻬˿Σžž죬к׵Ľ뷭ĦǻѨڣߴߴ

˫ȱ˿Сڰգһһεģɷ鷿·ɫˣȴ޷۵üЩģֽѩ黨ȹʹȥڴϾȻҵǰ

豾ֵܵһ£ȴδֹæֵֽ沿̴ֳһδ۵ѨǻصĶӹϡҧһ΢΢һҸоһȣǾҳ

ײȺζ·ڣҲ֪ǲΪղ̫߳ˣҧǿŲϷһ죬ᷢˡ

ǸղһĻʵ̫߳ܣһʱ䲻֪ôңҲеƹˤ˼ˣԽסֻ庹ʪ飬͵ӣͷģָ촦ָУңһ¿һ¡

оȻͦˬģֻظ״̬ܾ˵ʲôҼٶȣͣ˵裬Ƕˣأһһ㷴ҲûСҪ͸

ȻԸƼȴɳĸ׵ǡ

ãûʲôˡ

ҽ˳ֻͷѨڣһȲһͷ۵Һ²뵽խС۶֮С

~̲ס©һѿڶܲ㣿

˵գͺˣøȴõĪĹ裬æСƵ˵㣬㡣һˡ

ûлӦѨһȦȦýģͷŽѨĥƬ̣漴ʼ˴Hɡɫ˿µ˫ȱĽأʪǻ˱

ҽַκȸһ̧һ˫˿ҵǰ˿Сڿţų壬ǰҡΣͣҵؿڡ

˿⻬֮ʮҽ˿СУ⸧棬ʵ̲סɴཫ˽ϸ˿࣬ĦšɲǼ䣬˱ǣֻоԴһѣΣõ˼㡣

ñǼģ͸͸ɫ˿࣬𪼡ɼͷڹ⻬ϸ˿ߣʱʱҧס˿࣬ᳶһ£˿ɢĵֱθղܡ

Ҳ֪ΪΣҶİȻֱﵽԸӵĵزһŹ⻬ϸ˿㣬һ૰裬Ұ㡭ʵ̫ˡ㲻Ҫҡ

ûлӦҵıףĬ壬ҡҷ§޳ȳƵ˿ȣӿ˳鶯Ƶʣÿβ붼Ѩ֮УʱִһɹɵҺ

ҵ˳˿ḧɫ˿½ۻС͹İ׻ϱ֭ҺܵʪȵĹ̲ס˹ȥذһ£ĺճ¯ĴͷƵġ

Щʣȳ鴤һ£˿µĽֺа㣬̲ס京У˱ÿһ˿ŵֺ

ô̬ľٶ϶ĲȥûʲôӦǸղŵʵ̫߳˰ɡ

̧ͷ˵裬ˣţҲûʲô˼ˡڶ塣

軹ûлӦ

裬ͷſˣһΰɡ

ûлӦԥһ£ҽȷ߳ſǰȥ赲ϵ˫֡軹Ǻûзʮȫڽһ졣

ĸоЩ̣ȴɱдŭһĵҡĬãĵؿ˵Сǵô𣿡

Ҹæ⣺ôأֻԼĶѡ

ôģòġ

ҽ˫Ƶ࣬Ƭ̺ɿɱŽӲƣû棬۾ɺݺݵصҡ

ڽȵѨУѨǰ㣬Сſؿϣսŷ鷿סһ⣬

裬ܸܵҶİ𣿡

ܲԥػص

ҵֱ𣿡



ġ



ѡ˳Ĭ

裬СͽңҪǰȻѾزǰˣβ¸ҵǰأ

ǰ¡˵˾䡣

Ҳ¡

£

ʲôЩ𣿡

ٴѡ˳Ĭûлش

裬֪ʲôŪ˶鷿˵޷ԽԲԣ

Ĭã̾ϢС㻹ᣬ㽫ҪԼҵԼļͥͺӡǰģͬһıҪҪ

裬⻰˵ûһǧҲа˰ٱˡ˵ĲҲˡ

ôǲأ

ǰǸ˵׷Ҹĵ·ϣҪһǰ

Ҹ𣿡

⵱ȻҸѽҵҸ˵ţƨ΢̧һ£ȻصĶ˽ȥ

üͷ͵һ壬漴ʵпǹҸ𣿡

Ҽᶨ˵ҾҸ

Ϊǡ

裬Ӿȥ˭Ҹġ¸ҵǰһ£ܳΪ˴˵Ҹأ

ۡ

Ȱհĵ˵裬˽ң˽ҵû˱Ǹʺϱ˴ˡ

ڲ㽲˵

ҵȻ˵裬⼸ҵررѹ֣ҵÿʱÿ̶ҶİѾ˷ĵزˡ֪ΪΣҵȻһ˿֮УԴ˵裬ûа취ǧҪҰ

С衭֪˵Щʲôˡ

裬ͳ飬ҺúðһΰɡһΣģһξͺá

˵һΣͻŵڶΡòĲҵĻԡ

ǡոձ֤˵ġ

֤ʲôȻûзӦ

ҽ们鹵˵˾䣺֤Hġ

ԭЩܰգ˲䵴Ȼ޴档ߵͨ죬ŭĳͷϺݺݵôһ£˵

æ̧ͷ˫ֳϥڲѹֿ˿ȣƨȴȻʹǰһʵҳ̵̬ȵǻֱֱĴ뵽Ѩ

~⧲üĿ©һ

ҷϸỬ˿ȣƨʹǰͣĸһЩͷѨۻģһϸϸĸѨڵÿһ塣

ѩ޳Ĳüͷֱ΢΢ţЩܵӡ

Ȼ軹δعͦһ̴ٿٵĳͣӦָĳΪͣǻ⣬Ĵ

ʱǻ᲻Ծһȵ͵زʱֽҧأһʼվǲϷſ˷

裬HΪʲôǲϳ˸һأ

š졭š죡

Ȼ׺ݣѩ׵ȴ֪ʲôʱҵο࣬խѨǴ˷żͣհĽ˱šͦżӲ׮ƵСѨش

ššššҧ´۾гһ죬ϢԽԽ٣ǲϷſ

裬кãſ˺һΰɡһΣвУôãѵͲһˮ齻ڵ𣿡

һ߸СȰţһ߿ٵͦ塣۷ʺֻһһ֮䣬ൽͷϣеҹͷҪˡ֮෴ǣҧ´ŤһԣǿװһĮӡ

Ƥ֮⣬˫߬סһ˳ƽӴק

ȷֿҵϣؿڴȹȻشסǰĽӲֱͦͦǶˮ۵Ѩ֮С

ȻǱͻı仯ˣӸµĿңЩãһʱ侹֪ηӦܿģҵͼɵŭĿӣ̧Ҫңȴ߬˼Ҳûóѣֻա

ſң

ɿ

û뵽ôһ㶣漴ڴϣȻȹڸţ彻ӴȴظоһѨǻĦŰ֭Һ󻬣ɽҧأüͷЩѡ

ֻʣ¹ͷѨʱҺȻסһͷһʪѨ⣬صĶһŽϡ

~

˿ûз⧲³һ

ҽͷӹϣ£˫ֱѹ㱼䣬ĺſһӤСڣ޳ݣŹͷס˱šǵһˬһ𣬻ˡ

ȻҲоδйҵĴϣǰһ˫ֻҵİҵؿϡ

ҧһ˵裬ҧˡ

ߵͨ죬ҵؽƱ磺˵˵ҡʲôҧˣ

ҧҲš

Щ߳ŭֳ˹ҳû̧ƨɣͶ£ͷ⣬Ҫ͸С谥ѽһһȣſϣһ˫ҵؿڣǱѹε򣬸·ܸоۡ

ƻǵһκʵ֣ȻѹЩ̫˫§裬Ǳһﾹһ˿֮С

ߣС˵裬еˣԼܶһ𣿡

棬ŬҪȴҽ§ţ޷óѡ

ƿŮʺԼĽ࣬ǰҺġ裬𣿡

ͬħջ㣬ϵȰ˵š

ûҵҼֲиĹƻţһ~裬ԵĶһ~һ˵ţһ߲źۼͦˣСѨĵضš

ôſҵϣһԡҸоЩȤҲʺһ§裬һַŴ棬͵豾ܵ˫§ҵļ򣬽ͷҵļϣ̱ҵĻС

˫סƨɣӣЦ˵裬֪ʲô𣿡ûлӦҲµˣԹԵ˵й

һڣѵһ쵽ѧϰʲô߰Ķ

кȤģҸҲ˵ţ§ҡΣѨĥ̲סһЩ⣬Щ

裬һǵСʱ򾭳ôš

һֱ裡

ĲҵĲоЩ̡Ҳ֪ǲǴﾹһ˿Թ

裬Һʲô

ûлӦңԹԵЦҺţв

û̧ͷҺһ¡˵һƻеۣɲ֪ΪΣȴ̵ģһĲҵĸףҵһ㡣

§裬ʼͦ裬ӵͶƵԵʣĺܽһ֣ǺټѨҺһζȷʵЩŨңȴţԴҩһ̼ҵ

СѨСͦҲ֪ǲǲƵԵʣѨǰǳһЩͷסģкóһ棬ټӹı͹͹дЩӲͷÿײȥֱĸоˬУĲܹݵġ

ſҵļϣȫǳ˹ͷƵģϸϸƽ˼ģЩŲ̫

˫ƨɣŹ⻬˿࣬ŷ⣬̧£أǺˣѨ֭סճ˹ɹӴǡ

һ֮󣬷ĸоˡĻ⣬ӤСһ㣬ͷÿÿᱻҧˬޱȡ

̲סΡΡ˵裬Ȼҧˣǰôûзְ

ܲܰϣ

̰ͼǷˬ죬㱧ķΣ·ɣŪԲĹͷ׷ŻĲšڶߵǳ츾е㣬ֻһ̲ס˵裬

ûлӦҼ˵֪֪ҴС;ǵǰرϲҿֻҪһƯϺð졣

һߣСϾ͸ĨƵģͻ˿ġ

ҶҾرĽҰ֣ϱӻʲôˣⱲӲȢšҪȢţҶʮ꣬ĸԸ

Ҳǽܱܲٺ˵˵ˡ

ڿء

ڲҡ

ǣֻרĵHǰɣ

žһҺϺݺݵһƣСҪ˵໰㿴ôʰ㡣

˫§ķ轻ĬΣ૵˵һǾ裬𣿡

䲻˾䣺ͷ

ЩЦã˵໰Լ˵ĵͦġ

Ҫ룬Ϳ㣬Ҫǲ룬ͷ

Ҳ֪Ʋ̫Ǳʲôԭ򡣷Ҹоڲͣ䶯š

ҿ㣬㣿

ûлӦ

ǾͲ첻ˡ

˵գķ˶ͷѨף򶥻򹰡ʱʱĥƵıִϸ

裬·ȵģܰ·𣿡˵꣬ҲӦһȹֱƵ˫Ϸϵǣ边ϵһ¸첲˳Ľȹ֣ͬһ

贩ѿɵɫ˿࣬ҵϣʪġҽ鹵ͦԽԽ죬ÿһεĳ壬ˬ˼㡣

ķӦҲԽԽǿң֪ʱѾҵļѩ޳Ĳ˫ֹҵĲӺ棬˿ЩҪһ㡣ۼֿ죬ס

ͬʱסһͦͷﻬȥʱʱҧһ⣬̼費ʱķƵ

㱼䣬ҺֻصӤʱʵʳˮֻʱǱ豧ڻǡǡ෴ҵĻСѨﻹżӲͣʶš

ôأǵһˮ齻ڵĸоȻHɵǺǿٶҲ̫죬оôǿңŪһ֮󣬱۷ᣬϮҪôСѨһлеķգЩ̡㽫ƽڴϣſϣͦ͵سҺѩƽ̹Сϡ

5.12 
    εԽҺ֭ҺŪĶĶǣһƬǽ塣 
    ֱ۵۾ڴϴϢšι
ƽʵ˰ɣ 
    ʣ֪ΪΣҸеһɥ˰쾢ûд
šͷȥԼ࣬ɢͷڵס˰
ﲻɵһ˿ûڡҵڸʲôһһε԰
壬˺裬԰İ𣿻ֻǵҪй
ѡ 
    ûң˴Щ˽ŵ߳ţһ㴫ԡ
ˮڴϣӵǱŨζƮţ
ҵһƬհףĶԽޣûһ˿˿С 
    ãһ߳ңǰһϴϣ
˳һԣһʵ 
    æ˵Ҿ˵һ£ģȥ˯ɡ 
    ƳһۣԼȥɵƿţƼھ
֮ԥһ£תҵķȥ 
    æ˽ȥƺµҵͼޱľʵ㡣 
    ֪ߣҲҿĵҪϴȴȥϴ衣
ȥϴȥһϵĸҺ塣ȵٴη
طʱƹѾϨ豳ңڴϣֻһ
Ŵ¹⣬߱յ 
    Сߣûһ㶯ãС
ʵ裬˯𣿡 
    ûлӦ 
    һ飺û˯ɣ 
    ˯ˡػ˾䡣 
    ߴ˴գСʵ裬ܱ𣿡 
    ûдӦҲûзԣ֪ĬҵҴ
ȥСĽ첲ϣĽ§ڻ 
    Щں˳㷢ϣϴˮζḧ
⻬ĺ󱳣С˵һ죬ͻȻˡ 
    ƺûûһ㷴Ӧûٶ˵ʲôıϣ
س˯˹ȥ 
    贩Űɫĳȹ̨ϡüͷ΢һ
ϣʥĹâ 
    վһԣ裬ûƵģһ
ЩżˣǲңӰԽԽ
ʧҵǰ 
    ʱѾˡѾˣ֪ȥҴ·
輸ϷһֽдšϿѧУȥ
ıʼûдˡ 
    ڼϼ죬о̫ã
ȷʵе̫ˣһʱڣ費̫ҡ 
    ϴ֮ʰһ±ǰվѧУȥˡ 
    һʱ䣬ûͬϵȴʱ޿̲衣
Ͼʱ䣬Ҳû̫ྫѧϰϣһ˼׬ǮҲԼ
ˣܱϿˡ 
    ƽʱƱгܼܲ©鲻̫ã
Ҳ̫ߣû̫˼һ죬̸ϸʱ
׬Ǯ飬ҶʱȤδ֪ǰŵǸ
Ϸҽ׻ͦԾءϸ˽֮Լĸо
ᡣ 
    ұϾûôĲǱطϷң
ɱʵ̫ˡ˼ȥ뵽Ƚϻ𱬵Σ
߿Ƽߣ׬һʡ 
    æʱͻȻյ˱Ϣ˵ҪǸ
ֳȥ֤ˡһô䲻ľҪˣҽ׷
֮£˵ذ̵ĵ绰˵ǲˣûиû
ϵȽ˻˵ɡ 
    Ҿһ亹ϴε̫ˣƼˣ
Ҫ׳нˡҹ˲ö룬˳Ʊ;ͼҴҵĸ˻ȥҹ
ʱԵЩȣüʵôֻˣ 
    ûлش𣬷ȲʵҪ飿 
    һ㶣űָ򶨣ʵ˭˵ģ 
    ô֪ģǲҪеĽ飿 
    軹ûлشŤͷ˹ȥҲѾµ˴𰸡 
    ˸װģҵֹ˶ˣøϰȥˡȻ
ߣ֪һǣȳȥһ뿪˼
š 
    ׷ʵ裬Ϊʲôѽ 
    ɳޱķʵ˵أ 
    ҵȻ֪ԭ򣬵Ҳ鷢ҲܽĽ 
    ҴУҲ飡 
    ߵһʵܵĿɹġ 
    ڿＱת˵Ҫ飬Ҿѧ 
    ˲ѧ¶᲻ҵ¶˵ 
    ҲǲͶҽ֪ѧϰѾû취вˣס 
    Һ˰죬ӲĲֻģǰ裬
ҴˣҲżҴˣҸģһġ˺
ã 
    ûд˵öԣ׷ԼҸȨҲ׷Լ
Ȩ 
    Բģ˵ɣҪôſϷ顣 
    ҡҡͷûܵģѾ¶ˡ 
    ҿİ󣬼üֱҪ޳ˣʼղΪҿ˵
裬ôһҲ𣿡 
    ˵ҾǸ̫ˡĬƬ̣ĳĶ
˵СˡӦ˼һδˡ 
    ҼúҵδȫΧ轨ģûҾû
δ 
    һºòãһ 
    Ծɿధ裬ǰҵģԲԣһǰҵģǰɣ 
    ֻǰԼݣû취˵ڣǲǣ 
    ûС˵˾䣬תһԡ 
    ѣҿҵ۾˵𣿡 
    ԥƬ̣תͷעҵ۾˵С
ĸӡһѰɡ 
    ҲҹִĺΣҲĸԸһӵΡ 
    ܲеϢôᣬдõǰ̣Ҫ̫
˷ʱ䡣 
    ι̫ǫ˰ɡôÿ̫òŮ
ˣ 
    ƶ졣һ䣬ȻȰСѾʮ
ˣٹ꣬ͻˣǸʱٿ裬Ͳ
оˡ 
    ֱӣһɫ˵ҽ𣿲ģ
ôأҰҪ˵ˣҰҲֻǰӣ
ˣﵽ⣬嵽꣡ҡġԽ˵Խ
˵ѾЩ״Σ֪ôԼˡ 
    ô˵ҶѾˣҪ顣 
    ЩĺͲαطҪԼأ 
    򲻰ûйϵΪ㣡ѵ𣿡 
    ףҵȻסҾ޷ܡ 
    ˵ʲô趼ң뵽֮Уصڴ
ϣһƬҺԼڼΪ賹׵ļŭ
Ҫأȴ벻κΰ취 
    һҹδߡڶ첻׼ͣϣůĵľٶֹ
Ϊ֪ͽͣҲһ˿ϣ 
    ֮ĬĳԹͣȻȥϰˡҾɥ
ڲԣСʵ賳ˣ 
    û 
    һ߳Էһ˵Ҳ֣û
棬ΪʲôһҪأ˵ʲôȲȥˣһҪ顣
ʲô˵вȣ 
    û취ֻѡĬ 
    żЩɻĿҡ 
    û˵Ե޹ʸҸ㲻ż 
    ңν飬ֲҽ顣һ߷Ƶ
ͣһЦ˵š 
    ûûΡ˸Ҳûʶ೤ʱ䣬鶼ûС 
    Ҫһ˱Ǹ˾ӣǸ̬ɫǣô죿Ҫ
ţҪô찡 
    ̲ס˸£üĶ˵ôš 
    赹Σĵ㡣 
    ңһ㶣ؿбңʲôõĵģ 
    ҪһеǸϲţ۲ݵͯ񱣬ǿô죿 
    ɴ۾ңûнӻ 
    ҹѹɤ˵ϰ֮󣬾ʣǸ
ڼϢƿķš 
    ˣҵĻ˵ˣԽ˵Խֲˡ 
    ʼ磺νԶһҲ˼棬ɾҪС
ˡ 
    ҲŲء˵ⲻ£ϱԿó
ٻЩĵġҧſӣĬƬ̣˾䣺Ҳѧ
ȥˡ 
    ҪؼҰɣֻҪؼңǸ˾л֡ 
    ˣûˣ 
    ҶΪá 
    Цһ֪ˣǹģҸվͬһߣ
ǰɣ 
    ȷʵ㡣˵ʲô趼ˣҪıŮ
һ޶ϵ˵Щǡ 
    ͬģӦվͳһսߡеĶûʲô
˼кѽĪĶһֵܽã㲻űŤ𣿶ҽ
пΪŲ 
    бңĿ湻Զģ⻹ûأ͵Ų
ˣͷҾ͸״ȥ 
    ֣˵£㵽ҪҪæ 
    Щԥˣ˰죬֨֨ص˵ҿ˰ɡԸ
˭飬ɣǲ̫ðɡҪǽ跴½
飬ܲż𣿡 
    һһ롣Ҿ㣬װﲻæɣ 
    ѾæѽѶϢҴ𣿡 
    ҼУҲû취ֻܶޡ˵
ͻǸȥ֤һʱ䣬һЩʲôأܻܲ
ưɣ 
    ͻѧУȥˣ˷ҵȣʼյȲ
裬ЩżˣηϢ̽ûлӦ̲סʼ˼
 
    Ѳͺ֤ȥˣ 
    һֱȵʮ㣬˷ſ˷ܵ˹ȥ
Ӱ 
    Ļˣʹȫֺ裬ϣܸж裬ջؽ
뷨Ч񲻴ҵڷյȫգʼձ
ᶨ̬ȣûκļ 
    ʱһһĹȥԽԽżˣѾЩˡ˵
õģԸһˡ 
    ˯ǰ̲סˣǰʵ裬ǲһ
ʼʹңĽ飬һʱѾ췹û
ˣ 
    ǡܴ󷽵ĳϡ 
    裬бҪô𣿡 
    ΪáĮĻ˾䡣 
    ֪֪ΪҺáǡڷǳãҡ
֪ӽԺҸôˡ 
    ֻһʱãѣʱ嵭һеġ 
    ۼƵĵõɮһҼҽˣ
ЩҶ˵ڣû裬ҵûˡ 
    ϢҴСôģЩ֮⣬
ûһ𣿡 
    УҵȻ롣кܶҪȥһеǰᣬ
Ҫҵߡûҵ÷ǳȤ 
    轫ͷתһԣҡ 
    Ҵǰһĳԣ裬ϴԺҲǿκ
ˣòã 
    ĬƬ̣̾˿ѾˡҸѾˣ
ǽ˻֮󣬾ͰᵽȥסҡѾˣԶˡ 
    һĽʹһ˲䣬ס˰֣
裬Ҫңòã 
    ȦЩ죬һ±Ϣ漴ᶨ˵С
ûвҪ㣬ӽԺ㻹ĹԶӡֻǲȥˡټ
ĻǻẦġ 
    ֪ôġѾˣܹΪҽ
ˡ裬Ժ󲻻ٶκιֵˣҡҡġֻ
ٶһЩʱ䡣꣬ã꣬һҲԡһ֤
ġ𣿡 
    ͷҲסذšգ軹ҡҡͷ˵С
Ѿ¶ˡҪΪáĲʧȥ㡣 
    ʵҴһʼ֪ҺûпܵġҾǷŲ£
˺ܶйĸϢԼΪʲôĸӿԣ
Ͳأ 
    ΪʲôΪ軹㣬û취ĿԼ
ûһ죬飬ʲôӦ 
    ָû裿Уǵأ 
    һشЩҲûпǹֻҪ
Сһ㣬Ƿ־ͺˡ⣬Ҳû̫õӦԷΪ
֪޽ġң衣 
    ҸоһСĬƬ֮Сʵ
һ𣿡 
    ʲô 
    ӵݣȫȫİһ𣿡 
    ûдӦҲûоֻܾĬĿҡ 
    ˵裬֪Ѿûа취ˡֻϣܹ֮
һЩõĻ䣬ܸһЩС˵ģʱ
һСҲں뱲һЩʹ顣 
    軹ûеͷӦʣܹоõѾЩɶˡҼ˵
裬ͻΪ˵ˣûа취ʵ
û취֯ġֻǡֻϣܰҰ 
    ã˵˽ǾͰǰЩ鶼
ã 
    ҡҡͷҲҪʲôֵˡ
ҵĺ裬һıӡ 
    һ޿ģ̲ס̾һſ˫ۡ˵
Ļþȫ§ס裬ůϤĸоǶϵζ
Ҳ̲סƵ 
    5.13 
    ӵƬ֮ҵʵ裬һ𣿡 
    ûлӦһؽƿĿԡ۾
һЩɬһЩɣջǽ޵С˹ҵ촽
һ 
    ȻѾйǵľģαϾ׹ģҵ
ֱ̲ס˫գ̰ĺ촽ҵԴ
տյһƬüϢĴ 
    ˵ģرʢֻô§ţţ
ȴԾ˷Ӧ߸𣬶ƽ̹Сϡ 
    ƺҲоı仯˫۽գĽëزţ
պķ̣ϢԽأ˫ֲĵҵؿڴ 
    ã֡Ŀת裬СʵСҪ
𣿡 
    һû˵ӹһ˿ɬʣһ˿𣿡 
    ֮࣬һ˿ѹҳ̾һڣȻ˽ҡ 
    轫ƿתߵǰԥһ£ͷʵҪʲô
ʽģ 
    Ҽʵҿѡ𣿡 
    ־ңһʱҲ֪òҡ 
    ҰԼæ˵ɫ˿࣬ϰʱһ
 
    򿪹ӣһɫ˿࣬Ȼ󱳶ң˯㡣
֪ڶȴδڣѩƨɸ߸ͦ
Բӡҵһȣֱһ뵽ƨ
ɹ˽Ͳˣһ״ʧУϮͷ 
    ˿࣬ϸ޳˽ȥȻһֱᵽ
ֳɲλá˵浾ȴֲʧԸл
 
    ͷһۣʲôҲû˵˯£
ʱ׻ɫװͲȹҳһ˫ɫͷƤ߸Ь˺˿
Сϡţһ·ͷŵת 
    ΢΢¶ɬ΢ЦǺĽģǵ
ɷҵ»һ㡣ҵԽԽ죬Ҳߡǰȥ
ٶ輤ǣ§裬һͬ˴ϡ 
    һѹ£˫ַǰʵ鷿ϣＱ
ͻź촽ǡûκηᱡš 
    Ƭ֮϶µ衣һȵĿ⣬
ЩɬͷתһԣСֹţֻһΣ˽һ
裬㻹ҵĺӡ 
    šֻ֪֪ЩԼĵĻ̿ӣ
ڹϣЩɨˡ 
    ҽװ߳ȥɫµڿӡ轫
˹ȥٿңҧ´糺졣Ȼǿװ򶨣ʱʱ
ǽŵĸ¶˳ 
    ڳ֮Ҳûż⿪֣ǽַĺ˿
ϡҽ˫֮䣬Сȴһֱ˴ϣֱխȹڡ 
    ɫʮָߵر˳ͺֱӸ
һ 
    ȹƬֱ֮ӣץסҽףһ 
    ȹ޳չҵǰźɫ˿˫
ڵƹɫ£ԵþӨ͸˿T ɲ£ɫ˿ڿ
ű͹İ׻ۼϡɼ 
    һ·ȥӹϸʧеСȣֱ
߸Ь˿ΪֹɫƤЬڵķԲ԰㱳ĵ
ˡҽַԲ״ظƬ̣˳һ㽫
߸Ь˿㣬ĳҵǰ 
    豾ܵĽһ£æק˻Сġ 
    ֻ޳µֺţǰ˵ķߴⶥЩ͸
ɫָԼɼ 
    Ƭ̣˱ǰ棬һΪǸ
ջϵ˿࣬û̫صζɢϴҺ㡣Ź
ϸ۵㣬ϸߣָĦźɫ˿࣬ӽű
𣬾Сȶǣһֱȸ᲻ͣḧš 
    һεԵʣ貢δܣתһԣ΢죬
ʶҧָ㣬һ£Ȼͷ㱳ߣ
һ·ŪҲǽŵԵʣĴֺȻҵ°
˿ǰ˼ų͸ 
    һĽֺϸϸ˱Ťͷ
һۣҪ˵ʲô죬ƺЩ˼Ƿˡ 
    ˵ϢҽһСɾµĽֺԴ˺ϸ
ϸƷζšЩĽֺ̲ס˼£ʹ
ɬˡ 
    Һֺ˺ҧţȻͷֺ̽䣬˿༸
Ҫһ㣬ǰѾȫҵĿˮʪ͸ˡ͸ĺɫ˿࣬Լ
Կ㱳ϵѪܣӨһµĹƷ 
    Ҳϵ˿㣬ȵĺűĺ˿ϡ 
    ڽŵԵʣѾʼˣĵ˿㣬Щȵģ
ģɢϢ˵ʲôζȴǣҾ
Ӱ㣬˿㣬̰šš 
    ҵΪʵЩ̫㣬ԵúܲȻҪ˿
ߡҽĿԸģ̲ס˾䣺
ôСһ 
    һ̰ʳ˿ɢϢһҾСֻ
һ˵СֻҪԸ⣬ԸһӶС̹ 
    ʲôС̹һ̩ϡ˵֮ƺ
ЦĲ̫ʣΪΣʹŴ˻ȥ 
    ҽ˹ȥӿ˫֮䣬ʹ޷£
ǰͷЩңɢס˰ϸ
һĨΣЩӡ 
    裬鲻ԽĿ޵ 
    ˵˾䣺衣 
    Ϊʲô 
    Ϊʲô𺰾ͱ𺰡Щ 
    ֪ǲĸ׵ദϾڵķΧʵЩ 
    Ȼڿ˵ҪҵţҪĻ衣 
    裬裬裬裬衭ſߣͣĺš 
    Խ˵Խˣǲ㺰ˣ 
    Ҿ뺰裬裬衭 
    ˶ʮˣûأˡ 
    һҲ±һҪ衣 
    뿪Цʵô±Ӳ˵ҪϹ𣿡 
    ҽǰ˵±ӼϹӡ 
    ˲̫̰ˡ 
    ̰ģʮԼҪʲô 
    һ˵ţһ߽ڿȻϣѾʪ
ܡһƬˡָڷ۵İ׻ĦƬ̣̲סֹ
˾䣺ʪ͸˶ 
    û뵽һôһ䣬৵һ죬ҵžһơ
æ˵ҴˣҴˡȻ㽫ƣŲĿ䣬
ȥקࡣ 
    ʲô赱Ȼ֪ʲô̲סֵҵԴ
ϣơ 
    ʯһ㣬Ϊ߬סڣͬڿһͬקȻ
Ͽţƨȴϵ̧һ£˳Ľѵ䴦ۼǰ׻
ͽķСѨڿڿȻϣȲ£޷ſ
һԭ͹͹͸ӱˡ 
    һȣͷ굽˫ȼ䣬ͷȥŪСѨ
Сʲôأ 
    ʲôͷѨڴȥڿˮĽ£׻
ӵˡһŪһ˵ڸǸ 
    ʲôǸֹ˾䣬ҲƲڴϣ
תһԣҺ 
    ཱུİ׻СѨһ㣬йɵһһϡҳǳɫ
СⶴĴ˿˫͵ضһ£ƨɾԾ
һͦѨҵϡϾʶ˲ԣæ˻
ܵĲ£˫ȣҵԴм䡣 
    ҵҲУɴͷСѨϣ͵Ѩ
ǻڣҵĽ˫ְҵԴǿܵģԲ
ķȴԾͦѨڽҵͣƺҸһ
Щ 
    ĺԽٳСѨ֭ҲԽԽ࣬ſˮ
һ 
    СߡŪˡ㡭š谴ҵԴ
ʹơ 
    ̧ͷһãȻʵôˣ𣿡 
    购Ϣ˵ 
    ܰɡҵ๦Ǻܺõģÿζܰȥˬ
𡣡 
    ȥ½ȥﾹЩζ 
    ҲȥҾϲ򡣡˵գҵͷΪ 
    ҵ촽ΧͷСѨţʱͷͦŪۺ
Ȼţǻ᲻Ծ©һ
ϸĺ˿ȽļҵԴҶš 
    ΢΢ͦʱ͵һ
С 
    ԽǲҪҾԽٺ˱
ԽԽҲԽԽ٣зˣСѨ͸
˵ƵģҺ˳Ѩڲסš 
    ԽԽſڸʵ̲סֱӣ𼱻ǵ˿ӣ
һֱ˫ȣס͵Щ۵ǰһգ͹
һĨѨ촦ҵ۾ֱĶ裬˵裬Ҫˡ 
    Ҳ֪Ҫʲôæ˵һˡ 
    ǵģһΡ 
    СӦ㣬Ϊܹ£㲻Ҫ롭~  
    ˵һ룬ұ֬죬ͦ˽ȥ˲䶥
Ļϡüͷһ壬һ䣬˫Ȳɵڲ£
ƨɼ뿪Ĵ棬켷ĸӽխˣͣ䶯š 
    Ҹоһˬ֮˲ȫ˲ö룬һ˫ȣ
ǰ㣬һʱⴽ֭Ľߴߴ
֮ҿظоУǻѨⱻ£龰ˬ
ĽͷƤһ顣 
    㡭š̲סߵ 
    Ҳ֪ΪΣرĿܣһȥͿʼ󿪴ϵĸ
ҧָƴţ׷ұ˫ȣ£
Ĵű˿̰࣬˵㡣 
    Ȼ칻ȴڷ˿ŪƬ֮󣬽˿
Ȼֿ˫ȣȿڼϣ˫ķ
H 
    ȸղŻҪ󣬰۵ͷСѨ
δεףȻۣƵʵײͷ֮УҲ
ڵĸӦʲôˡ 
    šš㡭ô̲סʼ
Щĵ˼ڼͷСϻźɫ
࣬ɫڿڽ״ųһһġ 
    ǵûҵϧ֮ģи˷
ȣǰ㣬ѹؿڴͳӣȥǡ 
    šѽšСҰڶ
һӱһšüͷܣȷʵЩ
ܡ 
    ҴŴӲĽѨĽšͷСѨ
֭ʧƵģסӿһŨ
˳ֻɵСѨⴽģһ㡣 
    Ѱ˰죬û׵С죬Щֱ꣬ӣһѽ
ȥ˶˲䵯˳һһHСѨ
һ˫ץסǰ鷿йƵʮֵϸ
ִԲһָֻղסģճ壬ɵСʱ
Ե޻ǡ 
    źߡСȡš 
    衭Ϣһ¡òã 
    ҼС͵ͨ죬ʮܵӣЩˣķ
ٶȣ᲻ýȴӼϷŤͷŴŰؿС
һ£ʵôˣ𣿡 
    ˵ֲСˡšĶô 
    ڡ 
    ǫˣοɱһСˡ˵ţֶСѨ
ͦ˼¡ 
    ѽ~ ü˵òСġᡭ
ȷ 
    Һټô˵ģвһ˿ĿС
Լ裬һֱôţҲǲ̡Ȼᣬǽ
ȷʱֹͣHŪ 
    Ż˿ЩԹĿң˵֪͸ð
ˡ 
    ֪˵˳Ļ˵ǰҪǸҴˣ
ƻܶꡣ 
    һۣ֪ͺá 
    ҽ鵽Ѩڣ̲סʵ裬һһֱܸ
˵ʵ𣿡 
    ʲô£ 
    ԥƬ̣Сʵʱ𣿡 
    һۣûлش 
    ҹɥ˵һˣ˵һҶѧϰûʲôţ
Ƕⷽ滹ǱȽŵġĶҴݻˣġ 
    軹ûлشҡʵд𰸵ģҪ
ڳϡ첻ܿץǰְ۵ϣ 
    ͬʱһͦHСѨ֮С 
    ~  
    ҷֿ˫ȣſϣһһģգ
ĴϢҸʱرִ
ôС˵ĺģԲݣ˵
Сխֽˮر࣬Ըɼ¾ʪܵˮֹ
Ƚ˳ 
    ̲סˣ죡 
    ѹʵ裬벻֪ˮʲô
ζģ 
    С߼ŭҡ 
    ҲΪ˵ʵҲ˵֪ǲҵζٳ
ʲô⣬ܾеģСʱȵˮһ 
    ͦҪҴѹͦʣϢ
ʵ裬ʲôܣܸ˵һһˣܸ˵ʵ𣿡 
    һ߬Ŵһץҵĸ첲ǲɿڡҽַ˫
䴦һͦһ͸ɡ 
    šššĴϢֶ̼٣ͣ
ŤҲ֪ʱ𣬾ͦ˷ʹϴաѩ׷ϱײ
Ⱥ˦һ˫ϸȼѹؿڴϥż⣬ƽ
һֱߡ 
    治ȣݺݵسHɣİ׻
СѨ죬·ҪŨһ㡣 
    ʶҵĹƣ֪һϣͻᱻҧ
أϿڡԽԽͣͷδεףݺݵײѨ׻ģ
ҪȰһθ߳˵֪ѨȻǳſһСƵģ
ҧס˹ͷʣͬʱССѨҲԽԽҪ
жһ㡣 
    Ҫҵˣֻоһ飬Ҫͣ
ʵ̫ǿˣʵڲ̡һ͸ʮº֧ţHѨף
Żģʹʹ˳ 
    ֱҧûгϡ


5.14
    ̫һСڡĽ˳
Ũ׵ľҺӳſѨ˳Щⲻȥ
    赹û˵ʲôڴᴭšιĬĬͷ
ȼһۣüȻֽϵ˿˦һߡ
    Ҫ˵ЩʲôѾվĳȥӦ
ȥˡȻûһ洫˻ˮ
    ԥƬ̣˹ȥûһƾͿˡֻ
ڵ֮Уվԡ£ˮԼͷ
ϸͪ屻ˮľӨ͸ˮܽذˡ
    Ťͷʵʲô
    ҡҲϴ衣
    ϴϴ
    һϴһ˵һѵԼ·Ҳͬ⣬
Ĵ˽ȥߡ
    ~ ʲôⶥһ¡
    Ұϴϴͷɡ˵ţץϴˮһЩϡ
    òϽȥ
    ҲĿ飬ԹԵĽϴˮĨͷϣȻ˫
ȻԹȴֽԡˣȻⲻס󶥣
Ҫƿ
    ĸϴͷТӦ񡣰Ҷ£
¡Сȥˡ
    ~ ֳĸˡҺ𣿡оˣСƢ
    ڲϣһҲϡȥһ졣ʹˣж
ˣҾôϴͷ˵òã
    ûлش𣬵ͷҴͷƤ
    ϴһ󣬸оˣҴԡæĭϴɾȻǱ
뵹˳Ĭ֮С£ȷʵҲ֪˵ЩʲôȻСʱ򾭳
һϴ裬ڱϾСˡ
    һѩ׹⻬ı̲סḧһ
¡һͷһۡ
    æ˵ϴһ˰ɣ
    Ƭ̣վóλáҸæ˵ϣɵĴ
ͷһԵվҵ󣬵Щϴˮʼϴͷ
    оϤ
    裬þûϴͷˡ
    Сʱһࡣͷһ¡
    ķ񡣵ϴ֮Ҫҳȥת
§˻Ż壬˵ûϴء
    ֪ҵͼ˵һεģ˵㻰ˣ
    ҺƤ˵˵ýһصģûй涨裬ϴ
ϴӰɡ˵գҲӦ㽫ԡ¶һĨ
ϣʼ֣͡
    ЩӦҲûôܣֱҵ쵽˫ȼ͹İ׻
ϣķӦſʼ
    ˣԼɡɬ˵
    ˵źġҶҰ§裬ڱ
ػʱʱģָᡮ⡯СѨڣ۶¡
    ҵֱȥݺݵصҡæЦ
Ūģϴɾ˵꣬Ҳˣֱ˵Ľָ
СѨؽۡ
    źߡҵĻ۾ʹ߬סҵҪ
ֹҼ֡ǿ̫ܵǿԵЩܻӭ
    СѨոձ˾ҺȻոѾϴһ飬в
棬ճǻϣģָ󻬡
    һѨֿʼ֭˿˿ﻬֵ塣˷ܵ
ָʪѨǻŲס䶯±ϥ

    𶯡š𶯡
    һֱֻۻ豳󣬴Ҹ£ס鷿ŷ֣
Ǻ춹Сϸͷ֪ʣѾĵ
    ҵĻͣ䶯ţѩָ
ر任״Ҽͷݮ㣬̲סͷ
    šš㡭Ҫҡϴ𣿰
ĺ﷢ΡΡĽϢԽء
    ʱֹͣ϶רŪͷϥ
нסĶĴһƬŢŨ֭˳Ŵڲ࣬ס
ʡ
    ѽӲֱͦͦĶķΡſߣ
С˵裬ϴɾˣǲϴһѽ
    ڻУһ㶣ԺĻ˾䣺ϴʲô
    ץסС֣˹̵ϣ̲ס
һ¡費ܵĽݺݵĵң΢죬Լ
ϴ
    Ҫϴ
    Сѽ
    ԶǳСӡһ˵ţһɿ
鷿Щԡ¶ͿϣȻץС֣˻ȥ
    ҲһεԵʣҺû̫ԹԡС
ԡ¶󻬣ػƸŪš
    ĶЩɬóӦûʲô顣ģ
ƺҵҪ죬סۡ࣬ʱʱĻһѵ־
ǡôСѨܽȻͬò˵ֱ̫ˡ
    ҵĺԽԽ٣͵ȥֻ۽üҾ̬շɺ죬
Ǵ顣Ϊ˷񣬸оҲֵˡȻոһΣ
ܿľ͸еһ飬̲סĴϢ㡭裬ٿ㡭ٿ
㡣
    סԽԽ죬ҲӴˬҧгݣ
ͷ˺͵һգۼ䣬Ũ׾Һڼ
    ֻŪţӸһֱۣͬƵģ
ҪѾҺɾһ㡣ҸоһƬհףˬȥֱ
䣬Žѹ
    ҴŴ衣Ĭþãŵ˾䣺˰ɣ
    Ȼʹ˳δõйѾӲģһ
һĲס̡Ҳɷ˵ıס裬ȥס촽
ͬʱ˫ǰỬļߡ
    һŤҲ֪ǺˮġƬ
֮뿪촽һ·£޳ϸĲӯ鷿ѩ
ƽ̹С͹ȫҵǺۡ
    ˫סԲ̷ΣͽͷСѨϵһĨѷ죬
ҧŷʺ꣬̽Ѩڣǻڵ塣
    轿˫ץҵļߺĵţƨɱ
Ҫӱҵ
    ҶѾʮϤˣô˹Ū
Ƭ̣СѨ֭ұʢˣ
վ趥ԡǽϣһһ޳ȣһַ
׼ʪ죬跴ԣǰһͦŢһƬĽ
ⴽһһĲ˽ȥ
    ~ üͷ壬ӣһΡΡĳ
    ѨȻխ֭㹻棬˳һʧ
¸Уһһ֮䣬ˬζֱݡ
    ˫ҰŪһȱұһǿ֧վ
ϣҪǱǽڣˤڵˡ
    ҼЩ֮⻬Щģˤ
裬㽫ֱҵĲϣһƨɺ棬ץ
Բ⣬ȻʼнĳH
    һǵһκվоǴ̼§ϸӲ
һһεĲѨڡ轫ൽһߣҧ´ڼ
ţԿƵĴӴ©˳
    ԽԽͣҲ̴ټŤŷҲֲ
ܻӭաҰһЩΪ˱ƽ⣬òŽż⣬
άƽ⡣ÿСѨ۵ʱ
ǻһСѨҲ͵һ
    ٶԽԽ죬ȫƾŽż֧ţ𼦶Ȼ
Ĺ񫣬ʱ䳤վˡ
㺹ˡ
    ȻҲ裬ȴԸıƣΪӰ
ϣֱĴָоǰδйġ
    ҽƨɣHһ̲סˣϢ
Сšߺߡšݰɡ
    ûϴɾء
    šŰȡеᡭı﷢˵Ľ
յ÷̣ȥʮֵġ
    ⸱ģҲܣĽӷȻ
ת˸Ȧңѹڰѩϣʹ
Σ͵Ĵӣ¶˽ȥ
    蹪ǽ˫΢΢ſͦŻԲѩΣҵHɡһǵ
һǶµ裬ҰĴƨɣײ
ʮֵľǶǡ
    Щͣͷ˵šҪͿ
ɡš辭𡭡㡭ôˡ
    ҿ
    ҧ´ɬĵ˵ͷ
    ȸңô治Ҳ֪ΪʲôŹ
˵Ŵ׵ĻֱĿУʹЩ
    Ҳ䷳׷ʣûлӦɴཫͷŤ˹ȥٿҡ
ŴƨɣĬĬسŶӵһδHɡ
    裬˵һһ治
    ԽǲϻشԽż˫޻Ƶ
ƨɣĳš
    ԡصײžž˫ַǽڣץӣָ⼸
ݽ˴ש϶ؿڵһų壬ǰڶҡΣγһ
ˣˡ
    С㡭㡭š
    ңôH治
    ~ š豻ʵЩ߳ŭǺ
һ䣬žһ
    ʵ֪𰸣ϾˮֹѨѾ˵һˣҾҪ
׿ڳϡԽǿţҾԽ˷ܣǰ㣬ſ
⻬ϸѩϣֻҰް㣬̡ÿβѨ
Ӳ㣬ӹӲＷҪHƵġ
    ~ ŰšСѨҲǰδ
еĸ߿һ˿֮СܱյĿռڣѹ
ãڵõ˽һ㣬ѩϸӲģַǽڣס
»䣬ҪǱҴӺ§ϸ̱ڵˡ
    ǿƵ豻Ҹӣ˷֮࣬ﾹһĿС
ΨһźǣԾҧ˲ϳϡѾǿ֮ĩˣвʣ
ӿ˳ٶȣʵ裬治Ӹɵˬˬ
ʵва
    šŰ𡭡γ𡭡
ƺҲоʲôץסҵĸ첲סš
    ʵʵ˵ҾͲ档Ҵ׮ƵİڶΣײ
ѩ׵ƨɡ
    㡭γš~ Щ
ǻڷֿʱȻһ߿ӾҲǻڵ֭Һ
罦
    ʶѾ˸߳Ѩھڻ
Ǽֲסˣ㲻ᣬ弸֮󣬺İ˳
η֮Уۡ˳
    Ӳסزţ߳ƺҪҴӺ§裬
ˤͷʪıδļͿη
ӯţδе侫ĿУһ򣬱ְͦ

    ֮ᴭ˰ɣ
    ûлӦŲһηļӲҲ˲Ծ
ͷͷһε˵ǲ֪ѽ
    ÿһͿܵĲС˫ִҸ´ǶȻ
´Уһһ˵裬ٸһΰɡ
    ƣ˵Ҳˡ۰۵ĿҪɢˣĲˡ
    ôһֱͦţܵġǻݣڴϣźв
    СеۡЪвУüͷҲ˲
ֺˣɥš
    ǣȻԸʹ֡Ȱͻطǡ
ֱʹη飬һСģͷβ
İݴ˾ջϡ
    ΪҪʲôƨһУͷм䡣ԸҲû
˼ôһ£ֻСƨ۷۵ģŹŹͷ
˽ȥ
    ʲôһ㵵ĻͷңŤӣҪ
ҵ˫
    Ǵδйˬоʹһоһ˿аͷ
صˣͥһûùҽͲȥ㲻Ҫ
ĵһΣ
    ҷ㣬øǿˡ֪뷨Щˣ㽫
˳˵һסҡȻҲ跴Ӧһ
𣬿첽ȥ
    ߵߣСĽԡȥϵˮա
Щʵ̫ˣɢϢ
    ҳ費ע⣬§ڻҲûֿӣ
ȴ۾û취ֻܽӨĺ촽ϣĦ
    Ҳ֪˶ٴˣϰˣ۾ǡ
ͷҪ˿촽ȴˣűš
ıʼղԽ׳һ
    ҵ˫ƹķԲ̵ͦѩϣĸڻƨ
ϣŤͪ壬ԽԽȣ﷢һЩ

    ؽƿ˵Ϣһ£òã
ˡ
    飬СʱдҵʱҪͣһ
ӡСʱдҵǾԲ뿪ġ
    ʮӶʮ
    ҽطŵڴϣѹϣһץŷ鷿Ц
˵һֵǧ𡣽һˣÿһÿһ붼Ǳġ
    һ࣬ˡ˯ɣвУ
    ô죿ץס֣ͦϡ̾˿
˵˯˾ͺˡ
    ˯ŰץС֣Ū˵Ҫ
ˣ죬ߺô
    ֪ҵͼƳһۣ˵˵˽һġ
    úءҪȻƼ죬֤ѣʲôѽ
    ˣɡôôɡһĲͷ
    תſڴϰɣʡ
    趢ԥƬ̣תſ˴ϡſ˫ȣԲ̵Ĵ
ƨϣ˫ƨ⣬¶ǳɫۺͷСѨ
    ͦسСѨȥ꣬ʹĳһ壬Ⱥ
ǻ˲䱻˿ůʪѨ˷żѹס
    ~ 
    Ʋ岻ȥ̫ҵļ㹻ǿԴѨ׵
⡣ϸϸűѨĸоůůġģǻѨӿ
ϸ˰㣬Ľ
    裬ز˰ɣ
    šԴ˫ϣ˫ۣĻӦһ
    ſϣʼ֪ͦʱ迪ʼϢͦ
ԲΣӲĳ塣
    
    ڶ峿˯ûСʱұоѹƼ
ҵԣɵѹϣͦЩ׵
СѨȥ
    һ֮轥ش˯ѹ˵
˵һɡ
    ˯ģҸҵġ
    ˵һġ
    û𴲾Ͳ㡣
    һ˵ţһ߼Ӵ˳۵ͪײǰζ
    
    ٽ磬ٴνСѨH
    תѣɥԹûˣ
    һλˣһӵİһˡ
    㣿˲֪Լӵġ
    ʱֻͣ˹һ
ʾֻһ֡
    Ҳõ˵Ǹġ
    ӹһۣеһ˵Ǵȥֵġ
    ӣȥ˰ɣ
    һ£ʾȻֻĶǱ˵
£ĳɡţû¡ûʲô¡˵ɡ
    Ҷ˵绰ҿĵʵǾǻһʱඣ
    һۣϽ绹ûع˾ϰء
    һת⡣Ц˵ƹǺ绹١
    ţûӦ
    ſĶߣЦ˵һ׼H²˴

6.1 
    豻һҹ۵ùǺһֱû´һ˯˰
 
    ſڴϣһҲԸ⶯Ҳ
Űѩ۵ĺ󱳣Сֹ˵˵йɵ԰ӻŮ˥
ϡ 
    Сڱ䴦˾䡣 
    пѧݵġָıỬ 
    豾ܵͦһº󱳣С֪ڴʲô⡣ٸ˵һ
飬ûܵġ 
    šʵҽһˣ˵е 
    ЩƣŤͷҡ 
    װһɳϿҵģ˵˵öԣǱϾĸӣǸ 
    ǲܵġ 
    ĸ⣬ҵɴž衣 
    ôģ 
    ţʱ˺ܶ鷳ҡѾʶԼĴˡ 
    ĬƬ̣˵ô롭ܸġ 
    ǵģȷʵôġղ˯ʱһֱڷ˼ԼΪ 
    ҡĹ֡ 
    迴ңʵʲô˵ģ 
    Ҿ룬Ҳ;֪ˣԣܲܡˣ 
    һҾ֪ףϴҸˣȻǲ
ġΪҲ֪ʲôѽ 
    ˣʵҪڸĵġҪšҪ
ԹԣǲĻڸĵġ 
    ᶨ˵˵ʲôҲûã飬ǿ϶Ҫġ 
    ΪʲôѽΪӱңҡΪôСӣ޸һ
ϲˣ˺뱲ӣֵ𣿡 
    ̾һЩį˵ûʲôֵֵģΨһķ 
    ҾˡҪҡ 
    С˵˾䣺Ҳǲ㣬ǲԼġ 
    ʲôû 
    ЩţæĿڵ˵ʲôұҪᡣ 
    ǺðɡҶԲҲΪһ˽뱲ӵҸ 
    趢һ˵ô룬֪ˡȥ
飬ȥɡ 
    衭ſ˫ۣ§סѩͪ壬һĸж 
    Һģʾο̾һһ
ҵϣȺģټӵظ
ǷӯӯУҵһ¶ͣûõһ
 
    ĸТУĵؽŲϣһ
ץָһ֮С 
    һһѽƿͷҿȥǸֱ
ͦͦɵգҾ֪ûģ 
    æһΣԺҲˡ 
    ˣһαһⶼڴһˡ˵ţ跭
´ҸϽȥӺ潫סˡ 
    ʲô֣ǳ 
    ˫ֻķһˣһ
˰ɡ 
    һҪ˶ٴˣûˣ֪ϧ𣿡
ҪҲһֳ 
    ͷԲ~  
    УŲ˴ߣ豳ңҵϣ̵ͦ
ƨɹ 
    ӲĲУŻ˵еۣ
ŪˡǸ١ 
    ˵һ룬ʶ˲֮æϡץסĻ
˵У˵˰ 
    æϣ˵һεģû»ˡ 
    Ҿ֪϶Ӧģڴأ§裬ź
ᣬֻһĸ㣬ǹ֮УЩĺ
ζˣ̼ĿӼӲ 
    Сûû˵ˣϽɿ 
    Ҽװûһֻ˳ƽ̹С˫ȼ͹ϣ
ϣˮѾˣоġָò꣬оЩ
׵ģȷʵе̫˰ɡ 
    ʳָٴνѨڣԭµѨһһҹĵģ
Щճ塣ָǻڣ˼£͵ֱ̲ͦ
סſڡһᴭ 
    ҽؿڽĺϣűָѨ
סŪ򣬰׽˳ָ˳ 
    ҹȵ˵ԭҲûҪ 
    ߵչ̣˫ץסҵֱҪŲ˳ƽָ
Ȼƨ̧ͦס΢΢ſѨڣ
һѨڡ 
    š͵ǰһ㣬Ҹæֽ§סϺ
۰Ѩʪ͸ôһ壬ǻԾع
һɹɵ֭סйģӰ˺һ㣬
˳ 
    §ķʼʼʶ˫ְҵĴȣ빪
ĳHɡƵԵʣرǶ
۶Բְ׵ƨɽҵĴȸ֮䣬žž졣 
    㡭šôûûˣŰ㡭 
    ֪𣿡 
    ÿ֮ʱͷݺݵײѨ׻ģۣ
һ֬һ㣬ˬĹͷҪˡ 
    ˵ģ϶һ죬ȷʵЩľˡҲ֪ô
£ֻҪһ裬ϾˣＱＱģֱ缢ƿʵĵ
 
    ӱĽأǰһְ׾˦Ȳͣ
ŲЩͣģų巭Ϲвš 
    ŴŴѨӲ͵ģ˶Ĺͷ´ס 
    󡭡šһΰɡŰˡ 
    轿Ҳ֪ﵽжˮһˣ±߻ǲ
ס³һɹȻ֭Ŵڲţ壬
ߴߴĹ 
    һʼұˤͬʱ䡣Ҽ
ֱͦ㽫˫ַſڴϣͦ貿 
    һҷ边ҰæҵĴϣҵĳ壬
ԼʶۿŰ͸ͷѨ˵
ĿС 
    ûҺĺܺϣĥ֮󣬾Ϸ
һϵ޷졣ÿܸҴһĸо
½Ͱŵϴδйġ 
    裬һˣ㻹ûء治ѽ 
    졭 
    ˫֣Ҹ´˹ȥסʻ飬һ߳һꡣ 
    ˵һ 
    㡭šûˡˡ 
    ʵʵ˵ҾͲˡ 
    һ⣬һŪӿ졣豻ҡΣ
㺹죬 
    һǲͷˣϢ 
    û뵽軹Ӳ㱧͵վվ
ǰ㣬żأԲƨɱȸ߸ߵԱʽӭHɡ 
    ˫߬󣬾קͬʱͦԽԽͣ
ԲĹͷµףֱɵ軨֦Ҳ 
    ˰ɣ 
    Ű 
    شҵһĽ˵ˡ 
     
    磬һƬǽ塣 
    һЩڴϳ֮½½ĺΡһ
ǵһθоʹ費ͣҪۣס
ġ 
    ҼʵڰסˣʱֹͣHɣǽɱּͦ
СѨΪ˻ȡϢʱ䣬εĴӦˡ 
    ҽ§ڻḧĺ󱳣庢Ƶģس˯
ȥҵļͲСѨţȪ
ƵġѨʱʱƵĳ鶯һ£޲̷ſϣ
һͨ͸ɡ 
    ˯˶һƣģʵЩ̣ǿ
˯˹ȥ 
    Ҳ֪ǲǲСѨӲһҹ糿ʱ͵ۡ 
    ûѣҾһ㣬Ҳܱģſϣ
ͿʼH 
    һҹʱ䣬СѨҺѾЩɬճЩѣ
ӱȽϷûɼ¾ˮ˳ 
    һתѣз۾Ŀңò
üͷ˵ѽ㻹ûšô 
    ¿Ƶģ֪۰ 
    ûиң治ѽ 
    ڴű죬ʵЩͲסˣɴĸ׵ļҲ
Ҫˣ˰ɣ 
    ⵱ȻҪĴ𰸡 
    Ҽͦ˵Ժǻòã 
    յСܱܲôߣ 
    ʱֻùһۣǸճµ˴
ģҿ裬Сʵ𣿡 
    ֻԥƬ̣ʾҲҪȻ˽ 
    ԼǱߴһѾˣʲôʱ 
    һ£ҵȻ͹ȥ 
    ˵һ룬ҽ鵽ѨڴȻþȫ͵ظ˽ȥ
ݵײ˽۵Ļϡ 
    ~ ̲ס 
    ţһ£ôˣ 
    ûš 
    Ҳ购Ϣʱ䣬һ˫ѩȱͦ͸ɣ
ײġžž 
    ־ŭǿŲʱʱĺǴӴ©һ
ðסͲҺܿ϶Ǳ˾졣 
    ŭңңʾͣұǹģôʹ
أ֮£ֻùҶֻHĻ֦Ҳ˷ڵͬʱ
ѵķһѶϢȥǸ˽ͣڶԷʲôӦͲ̫
ˡ 
    ӵֻ˫߬ŴŭĿӣɫҰײҰ׵ģ޲
óһﵱȻЩŵģһ뵽ĿĴˣǺܿĵġ 
    Űš 
    Ҳ˵ҲôͦڴϣѾ
ǿ֮ĩٳ˼ʮ£͵ذγһɹɹ̵ľҺϤ
ĶƤϡ 
    һнЩε裬ֽã
̧һţݺݵҵϡһģˤ˴ 
    Сѽ㣿ŭȵ 
    Ŀί˵̲ס 
    㡭 
    ʱֻˣһۣ˽ֻֻﴫ
ذ̵ʵô£ʲôѽ 
    ҡûʲôѽԾЩ飺
˰ɣӰ࣬еˣ͹ȥ 
    ȥʲôѽ˼ҸոҴ绰˵ʣ˰ɡ˼Ϊ
ʲôҲ˵֣ƣ㵽׸ʲôˣ 
    ֱֿ֮˻ˡüͷһ壬ͷʵ
ǲܸ˵ģ˼ڤƬ̣˵ǡǿ˼ͻȻ
ˣŲʰɡ 
    ǡ⣬ʶûͻ𼱻ǵҪ飬˵Ͳ
ˣǡˣùˡ 
    ͷٸ˵ɡҵȻ 
    ߻˵ʲôذѾҶϵ绰ˡ 
    һƬšбۿңϴɱ⡣ҹɵſڴߣ
ֻ¶Ҫַˣֲұֳ 
    ղİɣ˾䡣 
    ʲôҼװͿ 
    ɵ˰ɣ 
    УұġƵҸеĽ飬
Ŷѽ 
    һ֮£ֻ˹ȥҿۼֿ죬ֽ
סСķڴߣЦ˵Ъȥȥ 
    ץͷզΪҲҶ㣬
һ֮ĳҷš 
    ƵԵʣȷʵЩѷоᱳ۵ģ
ͷе㷢ΡһǼȥ緹˼
͵ 
    Ҳ̫۵Եʣڴϣ˯˹ȥҽ緹ڴߣ
һѡԺ۾ͷʵָ 
    Էˡ 
    ԣ跭˸˯ 
    һ£ԵɣӲá 
    㷳˵˲ԡ跢СƢ 
    áҲͦģ
ӡ԰Է庢Ƶģſߣ˵ 
    ŤͷһۣΪ˭ɵģ 
    ϴ˰ɣ˺ˣˡڴˡ 
    ˵ţƨһ¡ 
    һٶʶĶ磬ٴЩһ糺죬
۾ֳ̧ҴûûС 
    Ҹæһߣ˵𴲰ɡĹӣʲô
ӡ 
    һʱŭҳ˼˯ϣȻ´
ȥɻأʲôȥѽ 
    ܵ¶٣ϲ 
    ˻ϴϺ۷ȸղž࣬ڴ߿ʼ
緹ĶĶסˣһԣų 
    ûб飬Ĭ 
    һС˵裬ؽ¶˰ɣ 
    Ƴһۣû 
    ҾͦõģҲϲˡ 
    ҽˣͦǲ 
    ~ Ҿ벻ͨˣĸ֮¶ΪʲôҪ
˳أڲìܣڲԺͱʲôˡ 
    ̾һܽ𣿡 
    ܡ 
    ô 
    ˣʶԼĴˣӽԺ
裬һıӡԺ󲻻Ҫˡ 
    ţЩĿңЩɻƺ̫˵
 
    ֪ˣͻѧУȥûʲô¶Ҿ;ˡ 
    ˵ţҹ˸е̾˿ 
    ûбʾʲôҵ۾˰죬ҵƳʲô
 
    ұϿҵ˵裬ĺܸлûзҡҡ͵һ
ΰɡܹҪѵġɡ 
    û˵ʲôֻ޵̾˿ 
    ڶ죬һصѧУȻֹ飬֪
ô׷ȥû˳壬塣ģ
Ǿס裬һľ룬񾭷 
    Ҳζţкܳһʱ䣬ûˡ

6.2  
    صѧУ󣬾ҲûϵˡȻèץƵģܵò
У֪ǾԲϵġ 
    ֽ겻ҽϾʱȫͶ뵽׬Ǯȥ
תעϷ׬ǮļƻѾ˺ܾˡҶϷû
ʲôȤҵڵҲô 
    ڼϾʱ䣬ѴȥϼҰݷһҴϷңҶ
ɫҵЩЩ˽⡣һǲý˰һͶʱȽ٣Ҳûʲô
 
    ֮󣬸ɾˡ 
    ȥгеƱʽ𡣱һշӣ
ڷ̫ߡҶѧϰҲûʲôȤɴֱܵ˼䷿ӣ
ƽʱûʲô£Ͳȥˡ 
    Ǯ˼ߣ˼̨ԣȥչһЩֻ
ΪҴøңû˹ÿһ̨Ӷ
ҪһңһҲǮ 
    ڳУǺ˽⣬ʸбȽǿҲ֪ʲôְҵЧʸߣ
廨ʲôСټϹҲͦ㣬оͦ򵥵ģ¾Ϳʼ
ˡȻЧʲ̫ߣҲǿź죬ﻹͦġ 
    ƽʱûʲô¶ֿʼƱһпվʱҽгܣ
仹˼©׬˱СǮʱһиˣϷ
Ժ 
    ׻˵ּңûãϷ˾͸˵ͷһ
ҡϷ˺ȫ 
    ȻջһЩɱԶԶôҵճĪ
ĴܸСһʱ֮ʹ˼ʹܽᾭ飬¿ʼ 
    ϴεĽѵҾ̬ƶϸĹ滮̡Ҫ
˽ϷֶմǮɡȻĿĵѡʹң
ܵĽͳɱš 
    ֮󣬻ϾͲȥѧУˣûûҹĶϷ
첻ˣһ׬˰ǧ顣Ǯڱ㲻ʲô
һڶĴѧ˵ҲǲСһˡ 
    Ҳڴˡʤʵ׼ս飬
ǷԼ̫ˣϷ˾ֿʼԷˣֹķš
һţû;͸ˡַ⡣ԼͶ룬ûκβ
漸˸ 
    ǡֵף˼ѧϰϣĩһͿڼһֱû
عңҲûйϵǱε绰ôͻȻ
ֲˡ 
    ١ 
    ۿҪˣҲûлؼҵĴ㡣Ȼ˼վ
ûյҪȥ׵ϢٸһЩο 
    磬ڵ˺ţֻȻһƣȻ
ġ˲٣Ӷ 
    һ˻񣬰˽Ȼ򶨵˵һι 
    СȿȣҲ֪ǲǽŵԵʣЩƣ
ɤӲŻָСڸʲô 
    ûϵڿĵաҹƽĻصûʲôѽ
ڿء 
    ĩԡô 
    Ǻ롣ʵʵ˵ҲҰʵ 
    šѧУ𣿡 
    ̽ҡ 
    ûʲô¡ 
    ǡƱѾˣֶ࣬Ʊ򡣡 
    ˵أǰûóƱš߻е¶
Ͳȥˡ 
    겻ˣЩȡ 
    ţȥˡ 
    绰ͷһĬ 
    аɡһǱߡעЩȫ 
    š 
    һĬã̲ס裿 
    ţ 
    𣿡 
    ûˡûʲôˡ 
    ûʲô£Ҿȹˡ 
    Ŷǡ˰ɡ 
    Ҷϵ绰ĳȣþòƽϢһ
ѹõ˼֮飬һ㣬˳ĺ޲
Ϸɻؼȥ衣֪ұҪ̡ 
    ҽеע׬ǮϡȻǰεĳԶ
ʧܶգҲûоʹ˷Ҽ˼ϷȺͨȺ죬
Сɢҵ·ʶԭҶǵͼչĳƷţֱϹ
ġţûջأ͸ˡ 
    ֣ϷٷҵĴȱȽϴ󣬴󲿷ֵĹ
ֹΪ׷ڷǰ׬һһʡ 
    оһ·ҵһֶŵĽݾͬʱ
ǰÿѾܹ׬һǧǮˡȻЩ֮ǰĺţ
ӸҴǮǱҲۡ 
    ˵㣬ջ൱ɹ۵ģµ׽ʱһǧǮ
룬ؼȶεĳɹʵҸе˷ܡ 
    æµ˶˼֮ࡣʮϣһڽ
ⷿæµţžıйĪꡣӳ
ǵһһ˹ꡣ 
    ȴʼ֮ҳСˣƿƣŵﻶ
ĸСƷȴһƬţҵȻһ˿־壬Һ
Ĺϵʹ˶ϣһ᲻ôһ˹¶عһӡ 
    ̲סֻ跢Ϣ֣˸ֻ
õı 
    һһֵıһ˵Щʲôһ룬
Ƿˣֻֽӵһߡ 
    ˾ϰ߳Ȼǰǲ裬һ첻ϵ͸˻
ġڸľ˰ɣеݿƣȻôӦˡ 
    ˵ƣͷеΣϾϢԼŸ١ٽʮʱ
½½˱Ҳʼ˵ʱ 
    µһˡĬĬԸϣĹϵһЩ
ʵԵĽչ 
    ⽥ذڴϣȥôҲ˯ž
ͨѶ¼ԥã˸Ϣȥʵ˯𣿡 
    һ˾䣺ûء 
    𣿡ûһ 
    ˡַ˾䣺ûʲô˼ 
    ţûȥĺÿ 
    ˺ð죬ҲûϢǲ֪˵Щʲô˰ɡ 
    ã˾䣺˯ˣ 
    û 
    Ȼ֮䣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҺ边ȻЩİĸо͸δ
Զһƽʱһ컬Ůӱ£Ҳʩչ
ˡ 
    ֵҲ֪˵ʲôˡ 
    һʵҹԵʲô 
    ԼŹǣСˡ 
    һˣ 
    š 
    ֹһ 
    æ𣿡 
    е㡣 
    𣿡 
    ɡ 
    š 
    Һ˭Ҳû˵ˡ 
     
    һҸԼ˸٣һȥһ졣Ϊ󲿷
˶ؼҹˣշӵĽ˲١ 
    Էʱӵ˱ĵ绰 
    磬æʲôأ 
    ûæʲô 
    ô궼ѽ 
    ͦæġ 
    ˵˻𣿡 
    е¡ 
    㲻ڼңܸо˵ʲô 
    ˵ʲô 
    š˵ա㲻ڣҸôҲ˲ 
    ĹˣҲֵˡʲôˡ 
    Ǹоһһֵֹģ 
    ţǣ 
    ţ衣ֵͦġ 
    ôˣ 
    ҲƲֵģ˭ǷǮƵġ㲻ǲǸ
йذ 
    ò˵ȻͷԵģʱֱͦ׼ġ 
    ûʲôϵ 
    ʲôʱѽ 
    û׼ôˣˣ 
    е㡣㲻û˸ҳܣû˼ġ 
    㳳ֳңԸҳⲻ𣿡 
    ˣˣ˵꣬İֻˡ 
    չҶûã绰ˡǰŵġ 
    ι硭ȿȿȡ 
    ôˣðˣ 
    е㷢աŵģ˿ 
    ȵˮ 
    ءȿȿȡ 
     
    ֪ΪʲôҸŵҲûʲô˵ˡĬ˰죬ּ˾
Ϣ 
    ءȿȡ硣 
    ţ 
    ֣ȿȿȿȿȡ 
    Ҳ֡˵ˣԽ˵ȵԽ 
    ʲôʱ 
    û׼ 
    ȿȿȡȿȡ 
    ҽ𣿡 
    ˡ 
    ʲô֢ɣ 
    иĸȿȡʱû֮ǡ 
    ǾͺúϢɡȻȥȥ㡣 
    š 
    ҪҶֻҺȻʲôʶ˾䣺裬
𣿡 
    ţá 
    УúϢϰá 
    ҶֻҵԺɵû밲ŵʶĵεΡҲ
˵壬ڶʲôоҪ˵ްɣȷʵеģϾǼҷ
Ԫס侲֮ϸ룬ȫһϣʧ
ƫġҺϰͬŲжΣĳ˵Ǹܺ
ߡ 
    ܸоóҵĸģݸֶٴһЩŤ
Ϊ磬ʵϣԲ죬һҵһ
 
    Һ˼֮ʱֻٴ½ģǸ
ˡ 
    Ұ½˵ι 
    û˵ô˵ 
    û½ģЩá 
    ĸû͸ 
    ǲ»ˣҷ֣ 
    ˻ 
    ôʱҲϵ 
    ϷʵЦҲûϵ 
    ǲ˰ 
    ҪУֵλƽȵô 
    ҡ˼𣿡 
    УҴҴˡеæ 
    æŪϷ 
    ¶ֻ½͸¶ˣΪֻ֧ңʲô
ᷴԡϾǴСһ浽ģҵƢ̫˽ˣ֪Ȱû
ģҪһͷֻܵԼײǽ 
    š 
    ׬Ǯ𣿡 
    һƬá 
    ѧҵô죿治ѧˣ 
    ҶԶѧȤܼſϴѧѾҵļˡ
ڽϼ꣬һġ 
    Ҫ֪ˣô죿 
    Ҿ裬ҵġ 
    ~ ҿǲײĲᣬĵʱ
ڡ 
    ˵ĸ̬ɱ˿һǣ绰ʲôѽ 
    û¾Ͳܸ绰ˣǴһôæͳ
 
    ˣʲôʱôˣ 
    ½ЦҸ˵ļö˵úܣ
治һĹҡ 
    ţǽīߺڰ 
    ƶ졣Ҵ绰㣬𣿡 
    氡ôҰ 
    š㡣 
    Ǿ͹¡Ҹ㱨·ѡ 
    ģ 
    Ǯһǳġ 
    Ҷһȥва 
    ˭ 
    衣 
    ǣ͹þûˣȣ硣
ô£ 
    ~ 㲻֪˼ףˣ鲻̫ãҴ
ȥɢɢġ 
    ôżԼ޳ȥ 
    ½̾һЦԼˣûҪ¶¡ 
    Ҫ˵ģôҲڰʮϣԸ̫ˣ
ĸϻƵġ 
    ׼ô˵裬ǿδĸ 
    ǣ˲һҸʵͷꡣ 
    ⻰ǧǴӳ㲻ɡ 
    ã軹ĸϻ 
    ˣƶˡддɣ 
    ѽ~ 㶼˵δĸˣһܲ氡 
    У˵˰Ǿȥ 
    šˣ˰ɡ 
    ͹˰ 
    ǲһʲô 
    㲻ٵʲô𣿡 
    ٵʲô 
    ְͷ 
    ˵գ½İѵ绰ˡҲɵÿЦһģһ
ġ 
    һͶ뵽˷æĹȥûסˣԼ
ʱ֮ǰǶ˾Ƶꡣ 
    ˳죬˻ɻÿ½½ĳأ
ĴѰ½ذ̵Ӱ 
    첱ĴʱȻһϤ磡 
    ѭȥֻһɫ޷Ǳ裬ĳܵ
ҵǰҲɵһ㶣Ƶôˣ 
    Ҳ𣿡 
    ǣ½ģ 
    ǰˣҲˡ 
    ￩һ£̽ͷȥֻŮ䣬
˹Ϊ׵½ŵذ̣Ĳ󷽣ҳ˼
ĺĴˣҵ衣 
    贩һɫ޴£ɫ߸ЬͷŮñ
ϼźɫ󡾵İȻŴȽϷϼڣ
ĵط֣ݵĵطݣϸĲ񣬻Ķˡ 
    裬ôˣȷʵû뵽ģЩ֪˵ʲôˡ 
    һһīķ˾䣺ôҲ²
ʢˡ 
    ⻰˵ãͼݣҸ˻ء 
    軹ûڣذ̲̾ס˵С°
˵ԽԽٶ˶˰ 
    Ц˶Ҳûô˵ģ˸ݶƵġ 
    ذ̵һۣ½æңСô
˵ģûûС 
    æ¿ͷҲԡذáˡ˵գ
Ҿȥ䡣ذ̵Ҳ󷽣ֱ˵Ľҡ 
    ҵأ½ʵ 
    Ҹҡŵһֻ֣½Ҳ˹ 
    ˡ½֣ȻԼĸ첲һһ
վ¥ȥ 
    ͻȻ裬Ťͷֻм²оǺܾú
ˡҪӹֻѾռˣֻܴ
κǸ⣬衣 
    Ƴҵľ˵ˣԼɡ˵ţŸɾ
Ĳȥ 
    Ϥĸ߸Ьûذô࣬ôö


6.3 
    Ϊ֪ͱҪֻ½ĸŮһ䣬
ε˲ֶ࣬һҲü 
    ҰŰϽ½ĸŮķȻȥͱʰ½
һֱҵԣɻʵôˣ£ 
    ½ĵңû£ 
    ЦʵôҪһ䷿ 
    ½ұһƣȻɬĿһۡ
ûޱ 
    ʵ磬סĶ 
    ûи˵ⷿӵ¶˵һѧУɡȥ
档 
    ½˵ػصģ鷳Ҫɴٿһˡ 
    ЦЦĿ½ƺ֪˵ʲôһ죬˵
ˣϽ߰ɣӭ㡣 
    ôҲҳ˷߰ɡ 
    ֮ڸ˼ӣ
ȻҲû೤ʱ䣬ͬѧһ۲ͣߵʳ
ٻЩ˽⡣ 
    ŷԱһͭӣЩˣ˵ôǳԺóԵģ
ô̹ 
    Ǳʳѽ 
    Ķܳ԰Ϊ⡣ 
    һ˵ǣڱĵطҲܳ⣬ǲ
ζǼƽʱ⣬øԧ¯һţëϡﻩ
ﵹǳԵǻҪ⣬͵ԡ 
    ذ̳ЦϣԼϱ˶ҾͰ
ܵô 
    ҿЦôңһôǵΰ 
    ذ̵ò㵱Σֲû 
    ʵ 
    ذЦЦĶϵĴѧˣ 
    Һͱת衣ԵõĸԼŲ衣
Цãԭϱء㶥Ǹ¡񡯡 
    ½ֻòˣ̴ӾͿˡ 
    ƽ˵Ҳܾûˡ 
    Ц˵ǰĸУᣬȥתһתɡ
˵һܳΪУء 
    ˵ȥˡ 
    һ£Ƴһۣ˵ǻˡ 
    ЦôһѧУܶ˰ 
    ذ̲廰СܿⰡ 
    ˰ɣ 
    ذ˵ǿˣΪ㶥ҲͿϡͿĻ
ҵ֤͵ˡû뵽 
    һİ˿˵ģҪŬŬ˵ܿ
廪ˡ 
    ذ̺ߵһЦ˵㻹ˡ㿼꣬ⲻû
𣿡 
    ҵ޻˵ 
    ˡƳذһۣܸһСӽʲô
ô찡 
    ~ ˵㱦ӣ㻹˰ذϷʵЦ 
    һۣ㰮˵˵ʲôʱŮ㰮
ô˵ô˵ 
    ذ̻ûڣ½ͷ˾䣺̣˵һû
ͬͬء 
    ذ̸͵ԣǼûͬء 
    ֹ˾䣺ָϲ 
    ذûӦʲôϲ 
    һüһ 
    ذб۵ңң 
    ˵ϣͱװϹŶˡʲô㲻 
    ˵䣬ʳ½½ĶذҪƿƣҪһ
ݡĿһۣ̫ȣܲסذһȰ
Ҳֻ 
    Ҳո֣ƱЦ˵λĸСһ 
    ˵ʲô¶ȡ 
    ͦεģɵóȥĿײһ𡣴
ƺһЩϾѾйǰˣԺȾ¶Ѿ
Ӱˡ 
    ذ̲֪飬˵СֵģʮȵҲ㲻ʲ
ô 
    ʮҲСȾ¶㲻֪ 
    ʲôºõİ 
    ׼ȣǲ׼ȡҪȡ 
    ذ̶˵һƱ½ǰĵһ½
˿ǰİ׾ƣԼһۣһ˵裬Ҳȡ 
    ذ̵һֲۣǺˣȵʲôҸư̲һ
Ժûôš 
    Ҳȡ½ü 
    ȣ͵ȵģġ 
    ȰӲԸȣǱ˼Һѽȹ֭˵
ţһƿ֭½ǰ 
    ½ץס˾Ƶģ֭ץذ̼ϣ
ûأľǱȥˡŵ½Ͻѹ֭˻ȥ 
    跴༥ʧˣúѽȹ֭
˵㡣 
    ½Щӵذһۡذ̸ɴཫľƱ
ҵǰ˵ҾҺȾơСȾơذ
˵㡣 
    ҲСһۡ˵㿴ʲôȣ
ȣ 
    λǰƽһ֣ΨһһԣСֹ
Һʲôѽ 
    ¶ǣ𽥻ΪǸС䣬Ӳ
ʮȣⰤšæвˣϺȻһ£
Ԫأͼ½ҧ´һЦĿҡ 
    Ҳ֪ǲǹģ㽫˹ȥĲһ¡
½һۣűزһ£Ƥĳһ⡣ 
    ŸλػʱһֻСѾͣҵĽ״ſܣ
ϻһ㶣²СѾͷôˣȻҵż
˵棬ҵˡ 
    ̼ͦģ˵Цȴ湴ġ
ĳȣԽʱذͻȻ½˵˾䣺Ѵ׵
Ӹ 
    䲻һ䣬ŵ½һذ
ʲô½ѹæù׵˵ûʲôȻ
˸ 
    Ǹղһ±ŵˣ½ٺˡкЦСѾͷ
йȻ̫ǳˡ 
    ҽ˹ȥĽ״ʱѧղŵĶ
ĿòͬʱЦЦĿ 
    ԵϷ½һãȻذ̵ͷһۣȻ
ŭҡһ㶣漴Ӧ˵ˣϽ˻ 
    ذɵңεĿһӱܵĽŤһԡ
ͻȻ࣬Щɻʵôˣ 
    ذػ˾䣺кӡ 
    ӣȻûʲô˼ذһֱҿ
Ҳܲµйأ̶ͶʵĿ⡣½Ҳµʲô£
ԹĵһۣȻͷһԡֻбɶ֪һ
ӣĶأ 
    һֱֽذ̵϶Źɱ¶ɣͦεģ
ܽ͡ 
    λСŮͻؾƵ֮Ҿʹ򳵻ȥˡڶһ磬ּ
Ҵҵĸ˹Ůαǡ 
    ˼һ±ĵҲ֪ô
ġ 
    ڴڼѾˣ½½Ľ˷ڡվ̨ӵ
ȺЩãԹû¸ɣҪôˣе
ˡ 
    дʣ˵Ҳ㱱һҪһҽҲ
ѧأǰһ·Χ 
    УܰɡȻɱпడ 
    гվҸǣ˳ѾЮǣӿ˳
ڡܵץסҵ֣ǿҼһ򱻳ɢ 
    ʽ߷ڣＷĸɳͷƵģͲˡ
಻Цʵᵽʲô޿˰ɣ 
    Ҳˣ֪⳵ء 
    ˵ûеû¸ɣҪ֡ 
    ҵӣʵ̫ˣҪץסȴ첲
Σֻһץסһ§ϡ 
    ȵһվǵûм٣ӵˡ±˼
ҵĻȻźĶװܸоϸĽԼ
ǰ΢΢͹Ľ顣 
    ڵζ̫ãƵĶŮ㣬뵽
ıǹ֮У̼ҵ񾭡ĲſӶ
õС 
    磬㶵װʲôѵûšʵ 
    Ҳ̫˼ҲûشżҪƽӲ
ٱʱҲӦˣҪŲӣεľأ
Χʵ̫ˣѹûתŲء 
    ֪ηӦСͨ죬ͷ
ҵؿϣﲻͣϣ
ǺȻæúܣѹû¶ 
    ȵһվԱλҪ³ҳûλϣ
мһۡɽţεˡڸߵԵʣ
ҵɲóűĲһһҾͲǰͦһ£
ͺͦӲҪһ 
    Ҫת߶ǹҿļһӲģ˼ϣ
ǵñåɡ֮£ֻø˱һǸ񡣱ƺҲ
ҵĿԣҧ´糺죬ͷȥҡ 
    ķΧֳһվȺߣʱ뿪˱
ţϳĳ˿ְҼһԡҵӽһ
ϣֱͦͦĶⵯĲλϣǰŮʿ
 
    ʹİƨϧʵ̫ˣֱԵǰ
һ£ΣӴʵˡ 
    ˵군ˣǵñ˵ɱ̬ɡ 
    ҸоǰλŮʿЩϤʱתͷһۡ
Ȼذ̡˿ 
    ¶һǸ΢Цذ̶һҲ֪
ҲǹģӳǰŲŲҲʶȤĽƨĴ
ܲһ£ͦٴײذ̵ƨϡ 
    ذ̻ˣýźҵĽݺݵزȥҶ۵Щ
ǲò˵ذ̵ƨֵֽǾ˶Եʣ
˶һָоˣʮֵ 
    Ĵһֱ϶ɼذϣ·
ϲסĦͦذҲңؽҧʹ
ýŲҡ 
    ҺȻ뵽ǳﲻɵһ˿룬Ҫǰǿ
ذ̵ĿӣӺ潫ǺεȵĴ̼أϵ
ʹֽصʵ֮У䣬ͣǻ 
    ذҲûʲô취ķ֣ذԭɷ׵գ
ȻĪķһ˿졣㱼䣬˼ŮĽߣҵĽŸ
Ҳı 
    ˼ˣ⵹Щ⣬һûذ⸱ģġһ
Ӵ̼ˣӼӲˣĴѾֹͣӵ
̲סĶذ̵ƨɣͦ 
    һ󣬿ذʵ޿ˣĶҵ˵˾䣺š 
    ΪǴˣû뵽ſǰ˵ĶߣС˵˼䣬
Ȼǰͬʱק˼ѵĻ˸λá 
    Ȼ뿪ذƨɣЩᣬҿǰ֮ʱ
ϲȻ衣 
    ͷһۣû˵Ȼ֪Һذ֮䷢
ʲôᡣʱĴּһ¡˳ϣ
ضĴԲϡ 
    عͷݺݵصһۣȴΪʱŷӦԭ
ذΪʲôҪ軻λãѵҰû뵽ǣҸ
Ĺϵɲһ㡣 
    Ҳ֪ΪΣ˷Աذ̣Ҳ̫
ϣҵȫǵӣŲһ
λãֱͦͦĶη 
    гĻζһͦһͦĶƨɣ̲סǸ
ҹſڴϣְԲĴƨɣ³лӡ 
    ԣоҵٶ󲱾˳졣ͷ
һۣ֮⣬ȴװһ޹ı顣ŲŲȴ޼¡ 
    ˵糵֮ڡ糵ʱŮҲ᲻
Ļڣֻѡû뵽ϾȻ
ľ顣 
    ̲סȥϣ·ڻԲ
ΰ˲佩ֱͷңľ棬
ֵƨϣҪֹҡ 
    ֪û취ǵû
ϻһֿסϸķһͣ˵鷿أͬʱ󱳽
ıΣ¼ӲȵǿӲĶ̷ͦΣſӣ̽ι 
    ߬סҵŭĵǳַſ 
    Ȼֵúܿܣƾľ飬ȼ䣬϶Ѿʪ
ˡϾǹϣҪ̫˷ˣǿͲ
ˡ 
    ҹԹԵĽִƿƨɣֱ³Ϊֹ
Ҳûٶ˵ʲôֻ³첻ó˳ᡣ 
    ذƳһۣЦ˵ɡ 
    ڳһ죬ûңذԵģҲ֪ǲ
ΪҵԵʡ 
    ˣһֱҪڵıѼרȥò͡ 
    СѾͷͦݵģܳԣһ׿Ѽȫһ˳ˡ
ԴϷʵ˵ܳԡͶ̥ѽ 
    ƲƲ죺ء 
    ô࣬Ҳû㳤ѽһķɻҵ۾
ĳؿ˹ȥ 
    һ£ӦĶ״裬㿴Ҹ磬Ϸҡ 
    Ҳ֪ùܣôţҲûǣڻ˾䣺 
    һ˻СȭͷȻֳһݿѼ 
    һȴʼұһЩ롣ҳ½
һۣһСӣذĹĵģͣ
 
    룬ڻҵɣ½ʹ˸ɫȻָָ
衣 
    ½⣬üʼ磬Ҳҿһͳֻ
ҷϢ 
    費ˡ 
    ôˣ˻ҩˣ 
    ɱ迴ˣŻء 
    ˭ˣ 
    죬˵׶ˡ 
    ô£Ǵô 
    ǴˡҸо軹ͦģ˼Ҳ̫⡣ 
    ذεĸ׶ܴġҲ
Ҳûϵеֻ 
    ûвʱ򣬿˼ҲƲ衣ǹ¡ 
    ɲôţַƢˣ˵˶Ķ
ңҷ㡣 
    ңҸʲô 
    ˵˲ʵӶࡣ 
    ţϾˣȷʵʵ 
    ໥ϢʱذƳ䲻˾
üŪ۵ģʲôأ˵ʲôҿ˵ţһѽ½
ֻ˹½ûӦء 
    ذ̵ͷ˷¼ߣԱ
ŵģˣ 
    ӹֻһ£ߵһɱСӣ̸
棬˼ҿɱ㶮öˡ 
    Ȼôһ䣬ЩͷԡЦЦı
飬Ѳڱϵĳ𣿹ûذ̣ 
    ذ̻ûڣ轫ֻ˻ȥ˵㲻һֱ
ôҲˣɴҶӸԼһλᣬʲô
ˡ 
    䣬½֪ĸңҲָ͵ԶԶԣⷽ
СˣԼһλᣬ֪ëĶˡ

6.4
    ذƳԼŮһۣޱĳư̸ҿЦ
ʲô壿
    ½һίͰ͵ıС졣
    Ц˵ҿɲǸ㿪Цġ㲻ҸԼ
Сģ̸һ𣿡
    ذĴָָһ£Ҹǽıô
۰ռұ˰
    һ£ɵʧЦ⻰˵Ҳе
ҪҶ뷨ĻҲԡ
    ذ̲мĺЦСƨӣһϣŮԶء
    ֪ҿЦҲû취岻ϻ˵Ƥ
ذƢˣֻܼװûϵԷ
    һ½ԥԥҪ˵ʲôɼζֹذ̿
ûʵ˵ʲôлֱ˵ĥĥġ
    ½ͷͰ͵˵Ҳҡ
    Ǿͱ˵ˡ
    ⻰½С˵裬Щһֱ˵
    㲻ǲ˵𣿡
    ҡ˵ˣ
    ذûлӦбۿǼƾͺֻҪ˵ʲôĻ
ϾͻᶯʰƵġ
    ԥ˰죬½ڹ˵ʵҾĲ̫ó
˴򽻵Ĳô̸
    ذĿҲʲô顣½ɴ׳ӣһ
˵Ұദʱ򣬾쳳ܣҰָˡ⼸
½½ôˣ˼ҿϿܵˡ
    ذЩȻüͷһĸϻ
    ̲ס˾䣺ĸϻɽ
    ذ̶ݺݵĵһۣҳǲ
    һ̲סЦ˵Ȼ̫Ļͦеġ
    ½˵裬ҾӦøһƢˡ
    ʲôƢذüͷһһڵӡ
    ½ίżˡÿ˵˼䣬żҲҲ
Ϊ
    ذ˵֪ΪҺá
    Ҹղ̵Ļϸĥһ£Űɡ½Ƭ̣
˵Ǹ˵ֻҪ׶СĪĽҾ
ԡСԼһΣ˵԰˷ŵë
    ذб̴ڰţ˺ð죬ʵҸԼ᣿
ôģ
    ½æͣװԼᣡСҲȽϤӦܰӦһԼ
ա˵ˣֱⷽȽУܰıߡ
    æô˵ҺǸӣƭƵģ
    һ߾׽ţһ㲻С
    ҵһۣʲô¶
    Ĭ˰Σ̲סЦ˵ϸ룬Ը񣬻
ͦʵġеҪ㻹ܵҶϱˡ
    ذ۾ؿбЦһ˰
    ˵Ҿ˵öԡⷨԡ
    ô԰
    ЦĻ˾䣺ֲС̸ذûнӲ磬
ôҰѶѽһ죬ҪҪ
    Ҫ
    ˣ⵨ӣС̸
    ͵͵裬㲻Ϊʲôһֱذֻ̣̿Ϊ
ϵ飬
    ذ֪üʧЦҺ£ʲô
ģСӺ²Ŷأ˵ţʵ㺦²
    ҵ˵ͷ¡
    ذ̵Ķ˵ûɣ
    ЦҶӵ졣
    ⻰Ȼ˵ذģҵĶо쬵ġ
    ؾƵ·ϣ˽ĵ裺ʲô˼
    ޱĻ˾䣺ûʲô˼Ǻ档Ȼʵô
ˣǲĶˣ
    Ķһ㶣ʧЦôܻذĶأ
谡
    ţҲ衣
    䲻ôһ䣬֪ʲô˼ҲӲ硣
Ƴһۣʵڵϣʲôˣ
    ҡûʲôҡǹģҾ̫ûˣе
Խ
    ̫ûˣ̫ûδĸˣǹ
İɣ
    һæϣǲǣǱȺذģ
ǹġ
    趢һʲôҲû˵˦ң첽׷ȥ
    ıӰһͷˮҲ֪ǲǴô
ֱŤһ
    ¶ЦҲ͹ȥˣ˭Ҳû档վ̨ȹʱذ
һ𣬲ֹ֪ʲôȻ䣬ذɫһ䣬һץס
ӵ󣬴ȵʲô
    һ˳ذһۣȻɿܿ
ذҪȥ׷ϣҽŴ̨ϻȥ˵˽ţ۵üͷһ壬
ָ˱ӰץסС͵
    仰ǳҺġһ£ɿ׷ȥܵĲ
ǿ׷֣ڸѾ˵ˡ
    ҴŴʵܣܲܡˣ
    СӵȻϹԹԾͷҵգ̧־һȭΧҲ֪
ô£ûǰæֻȭͷŸɡ
    
    ɳʱѾʮˡֵ񾯽͵⣬
ذһֵȻרŷԸһС쿪ǻؾƵꡣ
    ذһȳһյĻص˷䣬Щģеʵû
°ɣҪҪȥҽԺ
    ذֱ̺ӻֵˣûʲô¶˵ţڴߣѵ
ЬȻ󽫰ɫӽĴӽ
    һǵһμذ̵㣬û뵽ôһֵŮӣ
һ˫˾СɵӨСš㹭߸߹ĴֺСֺͬ㶹㣬
Уذ׽ྻ۹⻬Ʒ֬͸źʮֵĿɰ
ֻǽ״Щףղһ˵Ĳᡣ
    ذһʹ̲ס˻һ½˵裬ˣ
ʵڲлȥҽԺɡ
    Ķô¶ôһСëȥҽԺذЩ

    ½Ťͷһۣʲô˵ˣСƣҪ
㰴Ħһ°ɣ
    ذһ㶣ңŽɵʵƣ
    ½ҫƵ˵СĻᣬͦġ̽Ťˣ
СŰĦõġ
    ذ裬дѯ֮⡣
    ˵ͷ̲˵ᡣԡ
    ҿذ̵СѾʱѾˣôһ˵̲
סˣӦ˫סӨ㣬һ˵һ
ᣬһԾ֪ˡ
    ذ㱻סЩ̫ӦܵһҾ
Ϸḻסָѹں״
    ˻~ ~ ذ⧲üͷһ壬̲ס
    ½æʣ裬𣿡
    ذûлӦִһ£ˣòˡ
    ذ̵СѾֻŴֹ⻬ϸ壬ͦģ
Ҳѷɫ÷֡
    Ųҵļҷʵ
    ûϵ⡭ذֹǱһСŽ
ѾӣЩ˼ֲ֪οڡ
    þûĦˣַЩ裬һ֮󣬱ҵ˸о
ذϵı飬˱仯Ӻ˫ֳס棬ƺһ
ĨΡ
    ҵϥڵϣذ̵ϸСᵽ䣬ż
᲻ɨŪһףҲ˵ڰĦڰ档
    ذ̵ӽط۾һܣ˵
ʲôӰ˵ļܶᰡ
    ˶֮⣬ѧʲôͦġ½û
    ҾˣһѧѧĦʲôذɻʵ
    Ȥ¡ҿɲҸ˵ǶŮĽѾӸȤں
˾䡣
    ذ̺ߵһЦһСˡûʲôϣ
û뵽㻹ǸСץסˡ
    ƽ̫Сˡҿģǲܽġ
    ذû˵ʲôЦżأˡ
    ȷʵСӴ˼ȭ޻˵Ҳ÷ֻõͷذ̵
㣬װһר־ӡ
    ذ̵СŰۻӨƤµľɼ
ԲϾȳϸ壬ûһ˿ʡҲ֪ŵԵʣ
һԵʣذ̵СűԽĴһ㱡ϸ
ܿر㱻ˣоģɢ㡣
    ҳذ̵֮ʱȻоһ⣬ͷȥ
ֻޱؿңЩŭ
    ̲סʹһ飬Ľذ̵Сŷ˿˵
ˣ֧һ£˶೤ʱˡ
    ~ Լ˵ô񡣡ذȻϲмһ˿
δ
    ½Ȳ˵ˡ
    һ㶣ʲôˣ
    װĦ˰㣬һ죬ˡ½Ȳ
ĽЬذһ˶Ьһ죬Щů
ĺζһҲţ͸ɫ࣬ŵһɵŮ
㡣
    ҲҪذ̽ûй񫣬½Ȼ֮
ã߲ܣϾŴСŮ棬Ҳֵܱ̫¶ˣԵø
åƵģҪһЩװܲͷӡ
    㲻ƫİ谴ˣҰ㵽˭Ѱ½
Թ
    У㰴㰴«ĵϥǰ
СѾʵòһ£
    Ҫݽ𣿡½ʵ
    ҽСڱӸǰһ£˵Щζ
    ½һ죬߷ߵĶҵԴһ£ôϴ

    ذ̱ôһ˵ЩҲסˣ죡ų˵
ˡ
    ½ίᶼҪˣ˭˵ҽųˣҵĽˣ
    æĽһҲ˵ţҽС
ǰ࣬ڽűһ¡
    ǵľٶǰҲûйż˵棬ôһ£
½һ漴̬ѽ
    Ҳ˵ҵΪʲôҪôһ뵽ҵһٶ衢ذ
̺ͱĪ˷ˣֻŻȣ
˲֮⡣
    ҽ½ӽסĽƣذĦ
ĵ۽͵͵ذûʲôӦ軹ô
ӣĵۣӸµĿҡ
    ˰Ħ֮󣬱̲ס˵ˣˡ
    Ϻֹ㲻У
    ΪʲôУһɻĿ衣
    оǲУСӲĦ
    ԭ򣿱С죬
ңҶԱҲʲôаͷ
    ۿذ̺½ҰĦ˲ˬӣЩԾԾԣ
Ҳֻա
    裬СʵҪҪĦ
    òţϽȥɡ䵭˵˾䡣
    ҿһʱ䣬üѾôˡѽˡ
    ֪ʲô˵Ǿ͸Ͻ䷿ȥ
    סһģҲֻ룬Ͼбڡ
һ죬Ҳˣм仹ץ˷䣬˸裬
ڴϣֻ˯
    ԼĪһСʱȻյһϢ½ģ˯û
һ˾䣬ûһַһϢҿš
    һ£򿪷ţ½վ⣬ŵҿ£
һص
    ЩƵʵ𣿡
    ûʲô¡½תһȦڴ
һ졣
    ҼŤԼĲµʲô̲סһЦĿ
½ƵĲ˼ˣʵЦʲô
    Ц˵ݺݺͲסįҹ͵͵ﵽķˡ
    ½һ㶣漴Ӧ֪ڶҪ뿪Ҳ
óʱûзйˣټϽ췢飬ˡ
    ҴӺһѽ§סһͬˤ˴ϣӦʱ䣬
ѹ£Сҵ
    ½һһ𿪣å
    ˵˵¼ĴΣ½ģӼ
ҵԣֽ˯ͬڿһֿ˫ȣһץס
Ӳȵ׼ʪ۶ƽ
    ~ ½̲ס𲱾һ
    ֻŹͷʪѨʳǻѨȴ
ûˣЩѾֱ½صĸо
    ѽ㡭̫ˡ½üͷһ壬ؽ
ҧǱŪˡ
    һ¾ͺˣǰͦH𣿡
    ½һŭҵļ˼¡ҳûͦۡ
һ£ͱ˽ȥ
    ~ 
    ǰͦƨɣѨﲻͣĳţ֮ŮѨĽ
ʧ˳ֻȻͨĸо
    ůСѨšպҺ
ĳHŪͷÿÿٰĹ½ܻ̲ס
ӣһ
    ̫ʱûоЩͲסһΣȻŪ
ӿٶȣʱԵֻͻȻˣһȻ
ġ
    ԥƬ̣ͣ˸ֻ½û
ҿڣǱ߱㴫š


6.5

̫ʱûоЩͲסһΣȻŪմӿٶȣʱԵֻͻȻˣһȻǱġ

ԭģֻһ죬½Ȳͷˣʵ˭



ʱ绰ʲôѽ½ȻǱ˴˺£Щ

˭֪

ԥƬ̣ͣ˸ֻ½ʵʲô

磬˯𣿡

˯ˣʲô˵ɡ

ƭˣ֪û˯

ǣ㵽Ҫʲô

ȿš˵գ

̫˽СѾͷƢˣĿǲݵģҪǲţվſһϡ

ΣҶֻֻ֮һߴӣһʾ½·ϡ½üŸʲôҹģ಻˼

ʲô˼ֲǲ֪Ĺϵ

֪֪ײײһ𣡡

ô죿

ȥ˵仰ʲô¶ȻϽ

һ£ӲҪأ

½һҲǣûˡ

һͷ¹һۣȻһͷЦʵҪȶȥ

Ҷ棿ҳʲôˣ

ⲻȨ֮~˵仰Ͱߡ㡣

ʱˣͦģȻڴߴҡ½վ¹˽ȥҸҪţ̽ͷʵô͵һ

ⲻ̼𣿡

½һתһЦȻԾؽŹϡ˵Ѿͷ˰ҲȤˡ

վ¹ǰ˼Ƭ̣תȥŴ򿪡ŷۺɫķʽ˯˯㣬ϲЬӦǴ˯ˣ֪ΪʲôҡȻȵЩͷˣʵʲôأôſţ

ͷ۾װһ˯ӣʲôأ˯ˣʲô¶˵ɡ

У͵ý˵˵꣬ҵ˽

㵽׸ʲôѽҪ˯ˡ׷ʵ

֮󣬷ЩŤˣҲ˵ʲô¶ڴߣСֹţһͦ۵ģЪ

ƣʲôɣ

Ҫˣ˯

۵˯ţ

ʲô취

ңЬСŲڴϣͷһһС죺磬ƫġ

ôƫˣ

һڣȻӦ֪ʲôʵҸ㰴Ħ

ÿɷ񣬵ͷ˵ذ̰Ħ㰴Ħǰ谴ĦǲҰĦ

Ҳ㰴Ħ費ã˵ġ

Ц˵ԣڲ

֪ķҪװĦˡƵǣΪʲô¶ôִţ

ۼӨСѾвɵһԥƬ̣סС

Ȼһֱ˵ҪĦѾһ˲䣬Ǳܵһ£ոһĨΡϾǸСԵĴǱȽеģԼ׸磬Ҳϰߡ

ģҲͲˡһ䣺һοеۣһ¡Ҫʲôĵط˵

šϸӦ

СѾʼİĦ˵ģĽţֻ۵ģССһֻƤľ͸ƵģǳǳһƤǳɫڶɼҶ̫ˣһСľ͸ˡ

СѾˬд֮УһЩԡ¶㣬Ȼ֮ǰרһ½š

ҰҲ̲סʵ磬ҽûζɣ

ӦûǵҸ½Ц̲סȤС

Եúܽţæʵʲôζ

Ц˵ζ

СһƬ糺죬ҪңϧСѾţûóѡЦ˵Ҷ

ʱ¹﷢һһʵʲô

½ڹأ˵̫ƮˡҼװãȻʵʲôʲô

ղŹһ

ˣôߵľƵ꣬ô󡣡

û˵󡣡

ˣûǾй

һҰ

ЦЦŮСţרĵŰĦҲ˿˿ģߣһڣһҲ԰ֲңһűﻹŸء

һ󣬱ʵ磬ʲôʱѧװĦģ

˵һ˽ţҾѧ˰Ħƽˡ

ǰʱͬѧ˵ȥһƣرҾһֱȥԣֲ˼ȥֵطҽ쿴ذ̺Ħʱ򣬺ͦģҾҲ롭

ΪԼΪű⡣ʵо𣿡

ƲƲ죺һ㣬ûеôǲַרҵ

רҵҵַǾ֤͸µġʹ˰סˡ˵ţҼӴֵڽ۵ѹ⧲šһ˳

ô¹˰ɣҼʹһᣬȻ˴ϣ﷢Ľ֮

ˣŰ~Ļ֦Ҳ֮ڶ˸档

ʲôоʵ

Ű˵ееۡʯ·һ~

ұûȣ̲ס˵ôġ

ǡ˼ҡ˼̲ס~ѽ~㡭

ҪѾȥȴסšģӨǱһƤһһƵĴҾЩˡ

ǣִˡ顯һŵһ飬æͣ׼СѾ£̧ͷңƵʵôͣˣѽ

㶼гˣ˰ɡ

ѽͦģ

ûȥˣٲȥҪżˡô˵ŽѾ

ɴԵõڴϣ˵ղžͳȥˣ֪ȥʲôˡ

ȥˣȥĶˣ

ô֪

Щƣҹţزģʲôȥˣ

ĵİһ󣬾ҪҪ绰ѯһ֮ʱȻ˵˾䣺磬Ҹоеֵֹġ

ţһ㶣ʲô֣

оȡ

͸һ澭Ѫŵװͻᷢȡ̼Իģȫȥ˸ĨϾͣúõһãǲŽйء

ӵС˵ҲǽŵȣǡСеȡ

Сȣ

ǲǺܲʵ

ʱҵֻˣһȻġҲش⣬˸Ȼ½

һû˵㿪ʵ˯û

ûа

š

һ£üͷһ壺

㿪š

ҸæסͲ˸ơѾˣѹɤŵʵǲ裿

ǡ

ץҵģ

֪

ô죿

Ҳ֪ô졣żʱȻһָ¹˵ȥҰˣٳ

Ҳ˲ö룬Ҫȥšæֹ½ءִһȹţ˵Ҳȥ

һۣ˽ȥҪţһ£ʵҲ

һС˵©죬ҲûԲ˵˾䣺ȥ

ϹźֳǱߵ¹һۣɵüͷһ壬ͷ˵ʲô¶

ߵߵܹȥ򿪷ţ赥ַǽЩͷˣʵʲôſš

ⶼ˯ˡʲô¶𣿡

ҽ´һһ˶ӶЩ죬Ǹմ

ӿڴͳεֽУ˵ͦصģȥƿҩˮ

֪ԭҹĳȥȥҩȥˡǼȾָжůůģֽ˹ĵЦлл衣

趢һҲ˵ߡҲ˼ʵ˵ɡ

赹û˵ʲôҽ˷䡣ĽˣҷЩˣϾﻹء˵ǱҲûʲô˵£跢ˣЩ˵ˡ

Ҹ˵Щʲô£ʵˮζˣ

ûаҲɵһ˵ӿ̫ˡ

ҿһȦû׷ʣͷ˵Ҹҩ

Ŷ˹ȥ

¡

ҹɵ˴ߡ

վҵǰҩˮǩպһЩӸµദСͿĨҲûʲôһͿҩˮǱƷһƵģۡ

˻~̲סһ

𣿡ʵ

У̡

˵ʲôܣҪ׷ȥ˴һܡԹ

Ϊ~Ҫذ̺һɤӣʱһˣҲû룬׷ȥˡʱû~Сӱģ֨ҽС

أ˴ˡֺֺЦ

Ϳҩˮ֮轫ƿӷڴͷ´ԼͿǵðʱ

š

Һû˵뵽˳֮СιΪ̲סʵʲô𣿡

ԼǸʱƫƫﻹˣû֡ԸͬϽ뿪

ĬƬ̣ʵΪʲôȥ

Ǹ˵ˣҪæ

ǹڸҶɡ

ûСˡ

費֪ﻹˣҪһ˵ʲô˵ĻǿɾĲˡҸæתƻ⣺裬һ죬ҲˣҪҸĦһ°ɡ

趢Ƭ̣˹Ľϵ˶Ь¶˴Űɫľµ㡣þûаװĦˣҴ˫ǣƵСʱ࡮顯ֱ

Сİ࣬ѩϸ۵СȻ贩˶Ь࣬ȴûл󣬺ˬ

ڴߣҵĴϣ

оЩ̫Ȼ΢΢죺ҵġ

ֹ֪˵ʲô̧ͷ

ζ𣿡

ҸоЩЦ½һЦûʲôϵ˵ͦġ

ûУУҲġ

費ãԺ˵ֻ

һ԰ЩˣﻹСأҪʲôζͲýˡ

Ҳʹר־İ谴Ħ

ѽ

סҪ˵Ҳ֣ÿθ浶ǹʱǿŲϷĦʱȴֽܷ˸ղŸ½һ룬ŪòϲµģҪ⣬޲Ͻ˵ڴϡ

۾ĦһƵʵô˵ˣƽʱǻͦ𣿡

еˡҵҲǹװһ䵭ӣһС˵˻λˡ

ҲԸҲͲٿˡһ󣬽˻˵ɡҲˣ˯ɡ

ȻЩᣬҲһ׼ߣͻȻֻɻ˹ȥһνͣѾ˹ȥһѴ򿪹ţֻ½ڹֻһεĿ衣

ƵʲôǶ½˵ģȴͷ˹ЩŭƺҸһĽ͡

ựҡ½ֻСƵģίͰ͵Ŀ裬֪ν͡

Ҳȵʵ㲻ǻȥôˣ

Ӧ䣬ԱߵĹӷһϸ΢졣˲侯Ƭִ̣򿪹ӡ˵군ˡ

迴ʱɫ䣬ŭôҲǸʲôأ

ŵһ飬߶µĲ֪νͣ㽫ĿͶҡһεĿЦѽôأ

һŭĵңǰأô£

ҡ½Ħˣ½ҹйŮ˵ʱؽȥˡ˵е¶սˣҲᣬҲؽȥˡҰٵĽһѡ

ʲô£űʵ

ŵĴˣһ仰Ҳ˵

ңǡұͣտڣͱ˻ȥ

û㣡˵

ҡҧ´飬֧˰죬ί˵ҲҸҰĦ

ͰĦ

ͰĦ˵ͷ

תʡҸæͣǰĦ

û˵ʲôɴŷŭԹҡƺҲ飬ҹ֮⣬ΪղŸҵĶԻСȥˣԹҲġ

~ͣȴӡ


6.6

ű뿪˷䡣½ȻڹͷβȫԻ̣û˵ʲôĻҲֻ˼䣬û̫¡Ҳûɶȥˣݲճ˯ȥˡ

Ϊϵ飬ڶ󣬴ҶԵЩȻǱѵһ٣̫ҸҴϼһҲЩʲôذ̣飬֪飬˵Цʡ

ԭƻڳתһ죬Ϊذ̽˵ԵʣʱıƻʱོһȪȼģ׼һʱ䡣

һ·ϣˣ붺迪ģʼձһЦЦذ̶ȥˣʵ˭еˣô˭ǷǮˣ

û¡

ذ̿ЦǲǸˣ

ʶĿһۣһۣźӵ棬˵˵

ʲô˵ģڵĺӣʲôذĺ⡣

˶ȼģڷڣȥòͣΪɱȽΡذ̵֪бݣ鷹һȥ汣ûзԣȻҲ͸ȥˡ

ȻذģŲ̫㣬Ǻܻġ裬йƵģͦ

ҶԱûʲôȤϢһΡùͶˣûעʲôʱ߶˸ˣ䲻˾䣺ʲô

ߡڻ˾䣬Ȼһ£̧ͷһƣȻذ̡

ذƳһۣҲû˵ʲôһԿšϷȻЩڣҲܾôɣֻӲͷƤ档

ذƺܸȤһӣ˵Ϸе㲻̫ôǹ򾯲찡

ʶæͣ߶սҿƵǷͽҿƵǾ졣ǸǹսϷ

ҪǾ챻أ

ǷͽӮˡ

Ϸļֵۣ̫ȷ

ǸϷУҲˡҴֻ

ذ˵ѡ첻

ܡ

ѡ졣

֮£ֻ¿һ֣ѡ˾Ӫذ̾һԿţʱʱķһһ֮͵͵Ź⣬棬ֲ˼ᡣ

Ҫһ֣˵

ذԥһ£ӹֻȻѯʿƷҰĵĽ̵ò˵ذ̻ͦϷֵģҲְҵԵʣǹ׼һ־MVP

û뵽һ棡Ĵָ̾

˵ʲôʲôذһ㶣ʵ

氡˵ҾͷӦ˹æͣ߶ҵ˼

ذü۴Ц˵ȺСëӼ̫ˡһ֣½ȴɤӺ裬ˣ

ذĽֻˣ߻˵˾䣺ȻҴҵ˹ȥ򣬺ҵһ£ֻŻŵ˻

ҼһȲӣиоЦɵСʱ򣬸ȥʱĻ档

ذ̴ӹֻһ˲䣬ƼվڲԶޱĿҡҹΪȥһ£ذסôǹû취ֻüΪ⡣

ѻƬͷ治õģ˭һմϾ񫡣ذԽԽԣ򶼹˲ˣƾ½ôǲȥ

Ҳûˣ˹½̽ͷһۣʵ裬ʲôôԣ

û۰Ϸءذ̲ͷػ˾䡣

ôҲϷˣ

ôϷ

СʱѵС˵ɥ־

ѵΪúѧϰϷûʲôϵذͷҲ̧ˣˡ

½һίվԡذ֣ЩͷˣϽȥذ̵ͷֻһ߸ںߡ

賰Ҳײˣ

˷ſڣذ̲ĽֻңȻҰһұص˷䣬Ϸע˺ţֿ˼֡뿪󣬼չƺרŵҡ

裬û˯أ

е㡣˵˾䣬ҲҴӦҷȥ

Ϸţҿ衣ĬƬ̣ʵϵô£

ô£

˵ʵԲҡ

˵Ķģûƭ

ûԱʲô

ûУǰĦһ¡

۾һ˾䣺أȥ㷿ʲô

Ҳ롭졣

ֻ죿

ֻ졣

ңϱѹͲҵĻұʵЩˣü˵ǺóʱûˣǾһ˵˻

˵ʵ

ҸоӦдˣǲ֪ΪʲôһֱҰ滰˵

ͦʱûˣԡһһ

Ҳû˵ʲôɲκα飬Ƭ֮˵˾䣺˯ɡȻ뿪ˡ

еƣһʱҲ㲻赽Щʲô

ڶ緹ʱذ̹Ƿ죬ʮֵƣ롣½С˵谾һޣҰҹ𴲣Ϸء

εҡҡͷҵ⣬ҸսӴϷʱҲرԣ޲öʮСʱת˯͸˴Ƶġ

ûʲô£ŮȥȪӾذûʲôȤǱ½Ӳק˹ȥ

֮ҺǷֿȥӾ£һóʱǡذײ˸ţԭ磬ûл·

ʵôûӾ£ղŲ𣿡

ذ̵ͷ˵Ҳˮˡ

оЩЦû뵽һŰذ̣ȻһҲϷˡ

һ½Ӹˣʽ£ϸ񻣬ƤۻƽʱһȥӾ棬ĶˣҲûɶо

ʱ˸β裬ϰһԡֱ߲Ż⿪ԭΪᴩñȽϱһЩû뵽һʽϸӾ¡߻ǸλǷԸеΣκһΪ֮Ķ

ӡѾܾûм贩ӾװˣէһǰĽЩѪӿ͡ҸоѾ˲֮ƣΪΣ˳

Ȼɺ䣬ˮȴʣЩ̡£˵ɣͦġ½Դ˽ˮУǴк۾ȴʼ͵͵衣

˳ŰߵһʯͷˮУ²Եʣˮһ˲䣬ϱԵ滺࣬ʯͷϣ۾΢Уʮֵ⡣

װһĴյߡƳһۣԱŲŲƺ̫ҡ

Ҳ⣬һ۾ĵشӡڵˮ£鷿ɫӾװ¡ĺģȴֲ̣ͦûһ´С

ԴǴ֮Ҳûˣֻſڸͣţ̲סʼˮ§һ໥ĥĻ档

̲סһڿˮϸ΢ȴڶУŤͷһۡ

εЦЦɵſ˫ۣʯͷϣп

ûҡҺȻҪС˾䣺ȸŮҪ

ɫȻһ䣬￴˿ȷΧûˣתͷŭҡЦʵ裬ܾû˰ɣ

Ҳʹǰɣ˵

Ҹ½һ룬ˡĵ˵ûңŤͷʵ裬ܳʱûˣ벻룿

밤ǲ

ᣬ˵ģһˣԺ󲻻ǿκˡ

ңЩӣ֪ʲôʱذ̺һҹȥԥһ£ϰߵذ̽ǰʵôˣ

ô£ôˣذֻ̽˹

ҽӹһ£˵ûӦˣصһ¾ͺˡһ߽ͣһ½Ϸ

ذ̵ͷ棬Ҹߣ䲻˾䣺˵ʲôأ

һ㶣û˵ʲô

ҿˡ

ʧЦǡۻôͶ룬ע⵽Χ

ٸƶ졣

ͳֻϷ˵Ӹѣһ档

ваϺȰ

Ц

һԣذһ輸ת߿ƺӡɴ˹ذֻ˹˵߸ʲôģôһˣ

ذȥᣬңҡ

ϽӾȥһɫ˵

ܵôҰΰذҪ˰ҲûҪ鲻Ըĳߡ

轫ҵֻҲûˣ˵Ҳˡ

ذ̻һȽʽӾ»ˡصķûĺģھԵʣӿǳĽͣƤƫСɫô

ذߵر㣬ſ˫ۣ׼Ҿں棬˫ۻӰڣŤÿתʱܿǰһԺ飬ΪԶγһӿĲˡ

ҲǶذʲôر뷨˵ıܣ̲סҪȥܿģҾע⵽Ŀңû̫Եı飬Щá

æĿ˻ɿΣţѽ

˵˾䣺滹űء

ڨЦ˵ڣӾͦ¶ͦߵġ

һۣˡ

һذչ˶ԭΪֱˮȴ۷˻һɣһӡ

ʵôˣ

ذ˵ֲӾˣ

Ӿ͵ȥȪˡ

ȥ

㵽ʲôģ

ȼ١

ذ⸱ĵӣûʲô취ε̾˿תһԡое֣ö˶˵ģôˣ

һذ˵ֻҡ

һۣڹ

ذ͵У㲻ϷСӾܿ˰ɣ

һӾ

ǰֻĩˣֻӽӾˡ

üʲô߼

ʲô߼ذվ֣̬ȺȻҲ֪ΪʲôȻ䣬ҸоԼذ̵Ĺϵ࣬ѲΪһϷڵԵʣս֣

ĵسһۣҲĿҡذ̴ߴٵ߰

ȥ˰С

㣬òҡ

ԥһ£ذ˳ӱߡ

ذȻɢͨΨһǲӾҷˮϻϣǳˮɡ

ʱ½Ҳ˹˵裬ڿˮ˰

ذ̿ĶˮЩ־壬ҵĸ첲۾ûƵġ½˾䣺ҽ𣿡

ãϴңû

ôǵ¶ء

ذ̺ߵŹǰһȦô

šɡСɿ谡ֻˮĺѼӡ˵գתˡ

ذ͵̧֣ˮڱܣӱܵĿҵϡ½ʵļҵĸ첲ϣǹ⻬ĴУźܴ

ʶĻͷȥֻϣ°ͣһԶ֪Щʲô

ذ̼㱣кһ䡣Ҹæ񣬿ʼӾơڼ˵ЦʮֵǢԵĳȻϵָоͦ΢ġ½ƣôĪһȥˣ

һ󣬵ٻͷʱ費ˡѰңӰ˰죬ҲĥţӦǻطȥ˰ɣ

ذ̼Ҵ㶵վʵôˣ

費ˡ

ذҲһȦԼֻϣԥĴˮȥϷȥˡɼͷж

Ҳȥ绰ɵ˰Ҳӡұк·ؿͷ

ǰ㣬ȻǰˣųţڴߣͷƲ֡վſڣк̧ͷһۣûп

ʵôǰˣ

ˡ

߽ڣֹϷš

裬ôЩֵֹģǲʲô£

û¡ƽԵĴŹԹ

ԱװģĲ²ǹϵ𣿡

ǡҡҡͷ漴ӦϷϣûУû¡

ǲǱ¶ǲúѧϰˣ

˵ˣû¡

֪ˣΪҡЦЦĿ˹˵Ҹذߵ̫ˣԴˡ

Ƴһۣ뷴Ǿ˵ʲôʣɴһۣͷתһԡ

裬˵ģôʱû벻ѽҼ辫µϣĶȵϢ

軹ûлӦ˫Щ΢΢ķ죬вɵһ¶סֱʵ裬˰ɣ
6.7

裬˰ɣ֣ʵ

ֳ˻һԵĽתһԣƺԸ˵§סϸؿϡ

ɿ

Ҳɿ

С

ţ

㲻˵ǿ𣿡

Ƕ

豻˵һʱֲ˵ˡ㣬вɵõһ˿ֲʵķĴϣһ·»ȥ̽˫֮䡣

跴Ӧܿ죬һסҵŭңʲô

һ޹˵ûʲôѽ

ÿ

ҽ˻ȴɿϣĲһһµšԵĸоһһߣӨļ£ط˺Ρϵζһйй֮֬ѵ

ҷƬ̣ȻƿǻȵϢͨĶҡã˵㲻˵ˣϻһΣԺ󲻻ǿ𣿡

~ЦʲôУҴСʲôʱ˵㻰˵ˣǷһε𣿡

ǷʲôˣʲôʱǷһˣ

½أԵ޹ʵľ͸Ҵˣҵڻûзйء

յǸҩأǸǰͲˡ

Һ½ĺ£Ҳǿ͹ʵһ룬Ȼϣֱܾõ𣿡Ұڳһֱ׳ģˣбҲǷˡҪίǾͰ㵽ͷϣȥҪˡ

ңԲŭҡ

˳µ˵ֻҪˡ

ңûͬ⣬Ҳûԡ

Цʵ˵Ҿ͵ͬ˰

軹û˵

ЩͲסˣٴνȥ˫§סʼ˵ζҵıǹ֮Уֱ

ӱЩܽŵӣɴཫ۾ĬҵΪҽָϣ󣬸·ܹظоı仯

ĺأ˫ĿգĽë΢΢ţܵί㡣֪һܾᣬںһһεĻ֮Уһ˸߹һ˵ĿУЩкܿϰִûиġ

Һĺܺã˵һ˫ƫƫĸӣǱġԽҾԽ˷ܣʳĽ˵

ؾһ˫ĵۻ˿͸룬˫ִҵļϣҲֲҪƿҪ§ס

ҵ˳һ·»ȥ⿪ڿϣĴѾʪһƬ͹ͷѨڣסðʪȻŪҵʪġ

ָסȺѨ죬ʺ񻨴˲们˽ȥ

~轿һＷһȴʮֵĿơ

ָʼСѨɿĿŪĺԽԽأϺ쳱һƬȱܵڼн˫߬סڼš

ĵشı飬԰ٷְٵĿ϶ѾˣʱӲȥҲԵĿһ£Ǿ޷ֹҵġȴͣϵĶĬĬؿ衣

迴ң˵˾䣺ҪͿ㣬һ±Ǿͻˡ

ԥһ£ִ˫ȼ˻һַʻ֭˸е̾˿һ£ôǿ費á

ЩȵĿңƺû뵽һ;ֹͣʮʮˣ˴̫֮˽ˣҵС˼ġ

ִʲôأɵĿҡ

ûаûʲôⰡһϵ˵ʶҴˣҲӦöôֵ顣

Ҫ˵ȻҸæܹȥ򿪷ţ˽ʵôǰˣ㲻к

ͷС˵˾䣺Ҳ

ôˣеʵ

ûʲôеϢһ¾ͺˡ

Ŷͷһۣ˵ذ̺ȥˣһǹȥ

Ҳٶ˵ʲôˣվһ·ٳǰһۣƺ˵Щʲôջû˵

ҿ裬ذĵͦĵġһۿţԶܸоĲԹ

˵ڶϣڼֲסˣٺذһ𿪺ʱĶ˵˾䣺ҹлҪ˵

֪ҸʲôֱҪֿ˻ˣɱȴװһɻӣʵţʲô

˵

ȵǴ𣿡ҹ⽫ǡѹĺء

ذҲ˵ʲô²ܵȻ˵ʱ򡣡

һʱҲ֪˵ʲôһۣתˡ

ذ̵ͷֻĻһ߲ʵôˣ

֪ȻϷͷɵǱȥˡ˼ڣȻҲòȥܿϷˣذ̴кǰķ

ڴߣһҽû˾䣺ˣ

šҵ˵ͷʲô𣿡

ǲڹң

ңָԼɻҸҪ

бңС˼𣿡

ǡ裬ʲô˼ѽ

أüһشһʲôأ

Ϸ

ϷֻϷ

Ȼأ

죬Ƭ̣ŭ͹Ұɣ

üͷһί˵ذ̷ҪҸһϷġ

һңŭԹޣĬΣҴ˹ȥԣЦ˵裬ǲǳҺذ̵Ĵˣ

ҳʲôףʸڷϣٸʲô۶ʱô

ˣҸذܸʲô˵ˣҶҲûʲôȤôˡ

ѿڶͱҴһ꣡ˣ˵֮;ףæĿڣʲôӣΪҲ֪½裬δĸ

˵ǳԴסҲ̫˰ɣҹ˵δĸ裬Ҳûѽ˵ˣҶ˼Ȥ˼ҶҲûо

һѾסҵĶ䣬ң㻹еʲôǰɣ

Ҵ~֣ʵʵ˵ʵ˵Ȱɿ

һ˦ɿԴһѡ

Ŷ䣬۵죺ϣ־󡣶𰡣Ҷš

šã边ȻˣСƢ

һ˻ϵ˵ҳϣǶذôһ㡭

û˵꣬Ѿɴ۾һŭĿˡ

æͣʲô˼Ҳ֪ذ̴СҳģϣܿһЩӰӡֲӦңҺȻĻһЩĪĸоⶼ鲻Խġ

ղδƽʵ˵ģ

šҵ˵ͷ

һţûκα飬ȫЩʲôȴܸоΧĿ

Ҳ֪˶ãȻһԶ㣡

ȫûзӦŵһ¡

ûУ

ΪŭͨһƬüëšһҺܾûм跢ôˣĵ׵Ƿݿ־ֱھ˳ﾹȻЩ

ˣˡŵͷ

ҪٸҸüȥ׽ȸˣû

ˣˡ



뿪ķ»صȪԡذȲֽҹȥѾŵЩͷˡ

ʲôأذʵ

ûʲôһЩѧϰϵ顣

ˣϽʼɡذ̴ߴٵ

üһΪѵ˵費ˡ

ţ

˵ӰѧϰҳϷ

źأһҲ˶¶

ҳɵ˰ɡ迴ˣָ÷ˡ

ûϵذظ費棬ذ档Ҫˣҡ

䣬ʵʲô

ذѭȥһ˪վԶƽʱһηӣҲǾ֡

ϣ˵أ˰ʲôźأú£¶

Ǻ棬棿ʵôǼ棿

ֲ档

أˣӴһ棬

㲻ҸǼСϵϵֲˡòǳԴ˰ɣ

˭Դˣŵ裬ȻЩ߳ŭˡ

ذҲƳľɵЦţûԴ׾ͺáȻ֣СذϷ費棬ذ档

ΪѵĿ衣صһۣŭɣ㰮ɡ˵գתˡ

ذСֹ˾䣺ˣˢСƢ

ʱ½ͱԶ˹ңôˣҿͦġ

Ҳ֪θֻͣεͷװɵذЦҿǰˡ

ذкҼϷĶ飬Ҳû棬˸ڿˡ

ٴλصͷʱʱģרŸŵһҽȥֽ֮ŹϡڴϣϽǰߣûң˸ӣҡ

ҽַļϣҡһ£Сʵ裬𣿡

跴ʵʲôôذһˣ

ܺԵеԹæ˵棬Ķ͵͵ѽ

ûҡ

һҡӣһߺȰ裬ˣ

ôôˣȥ

ҪˣҾͳȥ

ֲˡ

Ƭ̣Ҹɴ첲ϸϣСĽ§ֻԵĿ£㲻ټˣң§š

ҽıһ£˲СֻԴԲԲģ鲻Խص˵裬Һ㡣

ĬΣû˵һҡ

ԩ~Ķ˰ҺĻء

ͻˣƤӣһҪǴҶģⱲӶ㡣

ҺٺٺЦƭˣҪ治ңﻹԶҡ

ɢĵġ

ķǡҽĲ棬Ƶţ裬˰ɣ˰ɣ˰ɣ

ѽ~ôô˰תƿ

ҷЦĿ裺˰ɣ



˵ľԻࡣҶƬ̣˵裬м¶ǵ𣿡

ʲô¶

Сʱ˵Ҫȥѧĵطһǵ𣿡

һ£ȴûֱӻӦʵôˣ

ᣬʵΣȥѧУתתɡ

˼Ƭ̣˵ȸذһ£벻ȥ

ǣҾһȥһȥ

˾䣺Ϊʲô

һ¶ʱԼ

˦ǣҪô˵

ǡĸһڱ졣

ҵԣһܲµõġ趢˰죬ûͬ⣬Ҳûзԡ룬Ӧھɡ

˺һ軹û¶ģ˵˾䣺ȳȥɣеˣ˯һ

֪ʱǲܱƵ̫ģֻԼ¶ĲУεȴʱ䣬Լ˰צˡ

ҿʼذ̣ٸһ𿪺ϷˡԭһĲӦ˵ѾɶˣִҪߣôʱŬȫ׷ˡ

ۿŷѾҪˣ軹ûи𸴣Щļˡȥ裬ѯʣҲôҪ̡

ڻˣѧ磬Ѿ˺üˡλŮʼʰ׼ȥұƽİʰȴҪ̲סˣ˲ע⣬͵͵ﵽԣСʵ裬ҲҪ߰

ûңͷ

ǰ˴գĲȥĸУˣ

ҪѧˡĮ˵˾䡣

ҵ˰أûʲôϣˡʧ飬⳵ǰۿڶǰ棬ȴŹ죬̲סһ衣

ͷһۣû˵ʲôߡҵ˵ܣԭΪԼǸʥŪڹ֮䣬ͷˣһնѡ

ۿžҪֵˣȻתذ˵ˣеҪȥݷһѧ㣬Ȼȥɡ


6.8

ذǰ棬Ź졣ֵʱȴվŲˣԱ˼Ρ

üͷһԥӣذںһѣʵŸʲôأ

˼Ƭ̣¶ģת˵ˣеҪȥݷһѧ㣬Ȼȥɡ

㲻ȥ˰ذһơ

ٻȥ

СԸЩʲô뿪˰飬˹һĻֱֿ˻һ˲֮䣬ӵõĸоӶ

䣬ޱߵҵǰ̲סٺЦɵʵ裬˰

ɰ˵еҪȥһλѧ㣬ߡ

Уȥȥæ˹һߡ

ؾƵ·ϣʼûңҲ⣬ֻɵЦˡȵ˾Ƶ֮Ҫȴһ˿

װһںӣȻ֪ҽ˼͸͸ģŮһ㣬ŬĶżӡ

˵Ŀɰ˰ˣ

ķڿһͷģһ£Ƿˡ

µ˺ò߹ˣǧҪ˵ͷֱ֮Ϸţҹ棬ٳˡǲ̫˼ҰɡȻЩͣôʱҲˣٶһ죬ʲôأֵ裬ܷ˲ɣ

ھƵһֱȵ磬յĶš֮󣬲ʱӵ˳

ǰ贩ıȽУȻһװɫͲȹɫĸ߸ЬɫĲ͸˿࣬ЩЩ׿㡣Ҳ⣬Ͼôܴͣ˿ѾܲˣҪҪǳģǾҪȲҪ¶ˡ

Ҳ֪ǲΪӦҵĿζôŴ磬ﻹȴǿĵĲˣϾܾûм˿ˣֻôһۣ͸Ѫ˨һû

ҺεĿ⣬ֻǰһۣȻŸ߸Ьߡ붼û룬æȥ

˸˶ӣȻҵ£ѧУȻֻǸĽڣϷҪ㣬ϵĹҪµģֵܰô㡣

ڿҪˣѾ½УѧϧѾҵʮˣҲûʲôʶˡټҲһϲȥˣԸоЩȤȱȱ

ҹЩ⣬ʵоѧʱб仯𣿡

仯󣬻һơ

Ц˵ôô˵ԼĸУأɳഺѽ

ԳƵЦѽѽѧǼõഺʱ⡣Ƚ֮õʱһȥˡ

˵ĿĹôСʱ˵ү͸õ

Ƴһۣҿ֣ˣвУԴͱ֮ȥĶҲȥˣɶҲ治ˣһ쵽ΧתòװǿҪˣԷŷˣ

ûм˵Ҳ֪˵ʲôҿЦ˵˾䣺ô࣬˵Ҷˡ

ĬƬ̣С˵˾䣺Ҳȫǿ࣬Ҳи˵ʱ򡣡

ﲻɵһ¶ӿĵ˵裬һ߸ˡĵĹ°뱲ӡ

һۣû˵ʲôǰšǴһС·˹ԡĥţ˵Щʲô迪ʱһ޴ͩվס˽Ų̧ͷ뵹˳˼֮С

һ£̽Եʵʲô𣿡

ãص־ͩġ

һ´һȻ̧ͷЩʵ𣿴˵еĳ飬𣿡

š

ͷ⣬û뵽˵ǸөĺȻѧУ档

ָŴֲڵɣٴ뵽˳˼֮С¶˸б飬Щɬ̲סСʵ裬ǲҰˣ

ã軺˵ȥˡʲôأ

˵ģϰѾǹȥʽˡǣǵ˰̣ȴԶҲ޷Ĩƽġ

ã轫ִÿ˵˾䣺ûʲô˼߰ɡͷҲصǰȥ

ԼĸУȷʵûʲôģֻΪ˿һǿͩҸ뿪У԰

ͷңãѧУɣøˡ

֪ǹô˵ģǰڳһżӣ˵ôԣȻǱ⵽ԶĹ棬ôҲþһ֮ꡣĶһϹתư

òţұ졣

ⶼûˣɱ仯ɴء

û˵ʲôҸһ·˵ͣʹĺ迪ģȻʼձܸоóڵ״̬

֪䣬תƵһ԰ۼһһԵ£§§ĶһȣĿһۣûʲô쳣עʱһѽ˰Сץ

һ˺һŷӦҪѣȴᣬץС֣̤ĳǰߡ

һԶԵУҺԵø࣬ܵľٶ˲ٺĿ⡣ʮֿܣһ֮ǷˣץС֣ȴЩ죬ſкİֳһŮƵĽ߸С

ҷ˽ŲߣץС֣Сʵ裬һ£

ѵ⣺ٸҺ˵˵˵ţԵ˦˦֡

ʱһС³˹Ůһۣ󣬾ȵĵ˵ǽ˺ôѽ

˵Ǹš

˺޹˼ɣȫ¶Իҵǲںȴִ࣬ҵ˳Ȼ첽ǰȥ

ҽ׷ϣЦʵţҪ̸𣿽ֵġ

ݺݵصһۣǲ

Ҳûʶǣ͵ԼǰС̹ĸţͦõġ

øƨͲøɫ

ԭͦõգͱ۵С¸ˡҵҲелǣһ㴰ֽ¶Һ˭Ҳ˼ͱƣ仰͸ˡҲװˡ

ϳԷʱҹ˰׾ơⶫҺ˵⺬ġҺεһȰȾƣһܺǫ̃ףֵð취ǲϽУ˵ʲôҲȡһʱҲ²͸ôˣ֮£ֻˡ

극һѧУҾװֹĺһҪؾƵꡣ֪ǷʶҵĹƣҵļ£ͬˡ

˾Ƶ֮վǰҲţͷ˵ҵˣԻȥˡ

ϲ

趢Ƭ̣˰죬Ǵ˷šһ˽ȥܵʵҲżϲҸĽڶѡɵվһߵߣһ˵˴ϡ

輱ˣ˵ˣϽȥ

˵ˮ

ת˱ˮ˹Һ֮󣬱ӽȥһͷԵ˴ϡ

ôˣϽȥ

ˣЪߡ

ЪǶ

һ

ԥƬ̣˵ʮӰ

~ֱͦͦſڴϣͷ

ε̾˿ת䣬ԡˮҲ㲻ǲǹģ֪ڷϴ裬ⲻڹ⹴ҵİɣ

ǿҵҪȥ͵һ£ڵִԥ˰죬סˡ˺ð죬ԡˡԭΪһԡȴѾ˯£ʵЩʧ

һſڴϣɵʵô˵ʮ𣿡

ҹⷢȵװ˯ˣû˵߹ƨһƣװˣϽ

ҹ⽫졣ק˵˯~

һ󣬿Ҳò׼ҵǲװ˯ˣҲû취ڴ˯Լһֻ

ɢԡ¶Щͣ޲ϾͰѹ£һHҲҰ

˵ƣͷеΣԺ֮䣬˯ˡҲ֪˶ã轫ƹϣ˱һԣûиҡ

ֱôֱͦͦſţ˺һĵؽϵ·һѵֻʣһڿ㣬ӣ˽ȥ

ҴʱԵظоһ¡

Ҫ˯ʵ˯

֪Ҳʵʵ˯ģǷľ棬е˵ζԽӣҾԽǾɰҪ

Һһڵķûһ졣֪û˯϶Ҳ֪û˯˭Ҳû˵

һҷ˸װĽִСϡ˺һ󣬼ûзӦķһ˹ȥ󼸺˶ϡ

ҪٲʵͰȥ˰

ڰУŵò㽫˻ȴǱ߼˼͵е䡣

ǸõĽڣڵ¶Ⱥܸߣůͺ͵ıѾʼðˡ֪ں˵˵ȴûгңֻǷ˸ҡ

һźţһԵźš

ȺıڣڿȲ̧ͷһ跢˾滺ĺװŵӣŲŲյĸˡͣһûпܣڿһ˳ֱͦͦĶƨϡ

Ȼ˯£ܸоۼɢ¡ھԵʣƨȻִȴʧͦԲȫû긾Ůĸо棬˵ʹ̼

ҵĸ첲´ϣȴץ˦˻ȥҲ֪⻹⣬ѾЩղˣҲԼɴӺ§סӣĲ

ϵºζЩͷĿѣͬ㣬µֱӲķͣԽԽ죬Ҳó

贩Ƿʽ˯˯㣬Ųͦ˽˫֮䡣ĴȺģЩйεľ飬ҶϤˣӦѶˣֻǾǿĲϳϰˡ

ŬĿԼסʿˮһ󣬽˫ȼĳ˳Ҫȫγʱ˻ȥԽԽȣȴûֹҵľٶͦΣյĴȵѨĳ

Щֲڣټû֭󻬣ûٿУĦĹͷȡ͵͵ĸоʵ˷ܣһ˲·һ½ǴΣΪᣬ͵HĸоֱˬͷƤ顣

֪װ˯˷֮࣬Ĵ𣬳һ֮ʱ˳ס˯㣬ȥԭΪȽѣ֪ǵûֹϢƨ̧һƨɣҽ˯

һٶ˷ܵ˼㣬Ľ³۵Ĵȼ䣬ٵĳû˯赲Ŵȵļͷϴ˿ĴУˬļֱ˻

ҽĺ󱳣ÿβ붼޲ýغһȥHŪһ֮ҾŻ񫣬ϵ֣˳˯°˽ȥסǰǻԲľ飬֣ꡣ

ҵĹ־ٶûзӦһ֮󣬻񫣬ɴֲ֣ڵĴֱ֣ϸ۵鷿ϣǰ㣬ɰͷͦ

˫ȼش˶ҵﲻϵı任״ĴڡʪһƬ𤻬֭ѾڿԵ©˳壬ճճĵǡ

ʱְͣǿڿɲͦȥӲȵֱӸ۵һ𡣷ʺʪŰǰͦһһϵ䶯š

Ūһ֮ʵ̲סˣֻϽѹ£HһҽĶ󣬴Ŵ˵裬Hˡ

Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪ˵ôһ仰뿴߳ŭӰɣоȤһЩֻӻ˻ΣδκηӦĴװ˯ס

һݣɴҪӷû뵽ȴҽϾˣӲžǲԸҲ֪ôģĶԣСʵ裬˯û

軹ûҡ

裬ʵ̲סˣHˡִӦûͬ⣬ǿԸ顣裬Ҫû˯˵仰״𲻴ӦH

һ૵ţһͦĴHšʻȵ֭ҺѨﲻסţ͵ģߴߴ֮

ˣûҡһƬڣܸоͨһƬȻ˱Ҳ׼ȴʼſܡ

Ҳˣ˵˾䣺Ҫ˵Ҿ͵ͬ˰

Ƭ̣ûĻشַסһ½ǶȣͷѨ촦һƣ˽խȵѨ֮С



ĸϹԡ6.9 ߣӰ
ҽ豳󣬷λãһͦͷ࿪ʺʪ˽խȵѨ֮С

ƵԵʣ벻ܹǽԲƨˣҲֻ֮ͷոհѨŽ⡣

ʼղתƲϵı飬ȻҲ֪ʲôоСѨﲻסŻ֭ҺҲǼֵġ

µСѨŵģδˣŮһ㡣ˬĸоֱ˻ë֭ӯѨһ󣬿ʼĳ

ѨŽ˶Ĺͷϵ࿪ÿһ룬вǻ⣬ȫûѨʱһɹɵ֭ҺѨԵ߳ܵ

裬±߻ǽˮ㹻࣬ͦ˳һͦһſԣ˵ĵᡣ

軹װ˯ϳԽصĴϢȴHɵӴ󣬿貿ײ⣬žžֲӴӺƣʵڲˣյԣС裬ƣô

軹ûзӦҸɴţϥڴϣ˫Ȼӳû˽ȥһֳסӣһַ׼Ѩλã͵ǰһͦ½뵽Ѩ֮С

˫ȱʹ߷ֿϰȴɲţƣͬʱš͵һ˫ֳ࣬ʼʶʪҺСѨ֭ҺԽԽ࣬ԽʼձŲϷһЩвʡ

ҽ˫ȷֵĿģֻͷѨڣ΢ͣƬ̣һһͦͷ۵Ѩ⣬ݺݵײ˽۵ӹϡ

~轿һ߳ҲŤ˹ƽ˴ϡ

æ˰죬ò׵õķȻǿĵģ˳ƿʼHŪͺǹڸһ㣬ҧסأٷһˡ

ҲʲôһˣÿؿʼʱǷŲ˼ξ֪֮ôԸˡ

§סϸ̧һ£ȻקһͷӲ档Ļıͷۣ֮͹ľ͸ˡ

ҲûԥٴͦżӲһ룬Ȼǰ㣬˫ֳ࣬ںüƣʹҲʲôˣǶѨĻһͨըڼ仹ʱʱβһǻϵ

šŰ㡭š𡭡ô󾢶

ϸĵۣ̲סˡ

ҲûмٶȣһͦһЦʵ裬ˣ

ššš

Ҹ첲šһ¡ҳӣĽģȻǰһƬϡܿոֵĺΡǰǶ԰Բ鷿ųн°ڶһͷһԲȦ

㡭Űûšš

ҳ˵ʱ˲ӿٶȣػͷ㶥͹Ľۻϡһץסҵһ߬סԴʶҡڣߺֹ

ۼ⸱ܵģҵĸɾԽʢִѨɿһ֭ų·ɽĹɼ䵽ǡ

Ľʱʱ棬ʱʱСͷţѩСƤһһĵģӹ͸Źһ˱Źͷһ۵ˮ

֪ϾҪ߳ˣæƵףͷŻģʹĥ

Ű~š

ŤŽ˫߬סҵĸ첲͵һ̧ѨĹƬ֮ˤ˴ϣѨҺͬĵĺˮ㣬ӿ

ȵŨЮţЩ˳ΣͷҧأŽסûнҲδHŪۼ轿ʧӣ֮࣬ȴ˷ܡ

Ҹӣſǰʵ裬𣿡

ͨ죬תһԣȲشҲҡ

Ҳ֪Ϊʲôϲ׷裬ֻҪ߲ģҾͼĲˡ

˵˵һҼʵͷŻһ¡豾δӸ߳леĺܣôһ࣬Ӿһ㣬ֹ

ʵķˣһ⣺

ŭҷǵûк£ϷСͽҪʵôԼ˵ѻˣйˣˮĵǣ

˭ʵˣ߷ߵ˵˲ǿҵģʲôʵ𣿡

ǣҸղģĬ˵ġ

ʲôʱĬģ

͸ղѽҾ͵Ĭˡ

Ҳ˵Ĭˣ

ˣΪʲô˵

㣡

Ŷ~Ǿ˵ղû˯˵ĻˣǲԸңǰɣ

ʶ˽ȥˣɵ߳ŭϻôôడ

̫£üûҽĲ

û취װ˯ˣԴһ¡

裬ˣһûء

һ죬ʲô֪ҾͲ

žڸԼҽڣҲɴˣ~ˣ۵һҲҲˡ

װ⣬Ͻ

Ъһ

Ƭ̣˾䣺Ъã

Ъӡ

û˵ˣôţѹϡµСѨţҾôһſ˰죬̲ס̧ƨɣأȻĲ˻ȥ

š

϶оҵСһüʵ˰ɣ

û˵䣬һγ塣

Ź𶯡

ұ𶯣

費˵ˣԸоɢŭҲٶ˵ʲôˣôſϣʱʱͦһ¡

š㡭̫ˡš

Ϲ̵̹ģϢŨأӦ֮𽥵ļӿٶȣĬĬشϢҲż

ҽյǰǳĵԸе촽͵ȥ֪Ѳҵͼҡͷ㡣

ҵ׷ǣҲHɣ˾ţ֮סı

~

С챻£ͷϸĴ꣬ػʱʱŪһ£Ҫ˿յ˫

ʼʱ軹ڷֿߣأСˣ۾ҲˣƵĽҵĿǡҵıӵıĦţǻ

ʱҽѨڣȻ͵ضȥ̲סšһ촽ɶͷ˿û굽˿ǻ֮С

׷ϸ۵С࣬ˮҺһؽ豻촽﷢СС֮ԲŷĿݺݵصۿңЩŭҪ׶ӣһҧͷˡ

ҵ˫˳˯°˽ȥľϣƵģͷò壬ش̼£ıϢԽԽٳأǱƵģûһ

˱촽żӣֻ۲תĵ˼㣬ʧˣü䣬ڶЦƵģõߵҲӲǳ׳ҩƵġ

ҽͷ̧뿪С죬͸Һ촽֮һ˿ߣ˹֮СͣƬ֮۶ʼٴγ

֪Ƿ񷽲һʪǹ߳ܣֿʼѹ£޷ԽԽǼҵ

Ҿľ飬֮Ѩףסģһĥ˷ܵ㣬Ҳ㣬ټµͷôһ㣬Ȼһʣ޳˫ıֱӶʼ

ҲϢĻᣬĥƬֿ̣ʼ˾ҵHɡ걻ĦݽųҺİ׻Ѩ֮ۡ

ءššѽѹܡ

ҼСͨ죬е㲻̫ӣֱӣű㽫˫̧ڼϡ

Ѩɿĳţ𤻬ҺŰ۵͹ʣֱ۾Ѩҷĳţس鶯ʹҺܿƵɢɽҸо󷢽ԽԽǿҡ

ұһ̣ŸղѾйһˣҲ̫졣㽫޳ȴӼϷ·㺹ͪϣͦ塣

ššѽôѹˣšѽ

Ѿǿ֮ĩһHŪ֮󣬱ǿҵĿвһ˿ᣬôǿҡѨףһɹŨľҺϤСѨ

~豻ҺüͷšһѨһ䶯һɹɵ֭ҺкȻһΡ

ˮ齻ڵмֱղܣ֮ǿңһ㡣鲻Խٴһʪܵ屧һšҵƨ˫֮䣬ǰά侫ĲදֱҺѨȫեɡ

»عƽֻʣҺصĴϢãһ£ʵ˰ɣ˰ɣ

ղһذģоˬҼװû䣬ӣͷѹظϣ˯£ͦͷҧš

ûУ~ʲôҵԴ˼¡

͵ֱӣδӦ֮ǰ³Ľ˯Ȼ½ͷ˱Ÿ㡣

~

߳δȫȥ跢һŴߴٵСϽûˣ

˱Ƭ̧̣ͷ˵ôʱûˣһĹһΰɡ

ǿĻص

һ~һ~§ӣ

յףϽ

ңҸղŪ治̧ͷĶŶŻȵϢ

ǲ

ʵʵ˵Ҿ



УǾһΣҷǸH˲ɡ˵ţ˫ֳɼͦСѨһ¡

Сҡβǲ

ûźͦʼHŪԭӯӯ֭ŨľҺġۡ죬ģһŽ

Ƶ˵˾䣺˰ɣ

װûͷHɡ輱ˣ˵ˣʲô

ˣһûء

㡭˫ĿԲһʱ侹֪˵Щʲôˡ

裬˵Сʤ»飬ôû棬ɰҸﻵˡ裬һɡһΣò

֪ȫйǲưոݵģԥƬ̣û˵ֻһΡ

ɿڣϲ˵ҲС

һۣôϣ

һϹɣ

С̫ˣ

ǶѾ˷֮ʵˣһϹʲô˵ģֲ˵У˽һ

ҲС

һ~~

趢Ƭ̣̾ϢСϣҲҪ̤𣿡

˵̫ˣô̤ˣúúã㲻оͲаɡǡܿ԰ɣ

붼ûһڸˡ

ҲˣҲУҲУô

Ҫ͸Ͻģôô¶

һһŹƽҶǿϹˣҲһưɣ

鷳һȻֱĿңɫ죬Щߡ

֪ͬˣȴֲ˼˵˷֮£§˸ƽ˴ϣſҵϡ

ÿζҳ۵Ҫػˡ

֪ҵ⣬ңһҵ˺ð죬̲ס̧һƨɣߴٵЩ~ôţǵĥ䵽ʲôʱѽ˯˯ˣ

ݺݵĵһۣԥԥֱӣ˫ֳҵؿϣСѨɽɻһ

֪ѹܺлȫҲҵĿģҾԴ顣

6.10

ϣһСʶתһԣɬԸҶӡ

ӲǶڣůʪĸоֻôţѾĲˡôҲ¶һ̲סС˾䣺裬ܶһ𣿡

ûһһ

Ҽߴٵһ~ܲһϰɣ

һԣȲ˵Ҳ϶һ¡

裬˵õҵġŶһвУܣҲܡ

ߵļˣ費ͷ˵˾䣺Ҳᡣ

ʲôᰡѽͰƨ̧Ȼ򵥰

û

⵹Щ⡣ı飬Ҳ˵ѡΪֻǲ˼ѣû뵽ĲᡣϿȽ³ĻǱȽϱصģǶⷽ档

뵽û裬ȻѵһθңﻹǺܼġ˵ûԹ⣬ûѽ͵ֻҪСıѼŪˡ

豻ҵؿڣžһһƣŭˣ

ؿڱĵĻۣһ˵⡣˵УͲˣԼˡ

費֪˵Ǽ٣Ƭ̣˫ְҵؿڣԥԥĽƨ̧𡣱ͦ򵥵һ£СѨŵģҺ󻬣ÿ̧һ֣קǻѨƵġ

ҲӶ˵߳ܣĺﲻʱļĽӲ

ڴϣĿıݡȵСѨֻͷѨڣ̲סһץסʱƨ͵һ̧ٴιᴩСѨݺݵĶ˻ϣȻ¡

һֿ׼ǻƷͻһ㣬Ѩһء۵ĻľʢˮĴӱƵģҺ˲©˳

ѽ~һһһſҵؿϣƨص׻СѨ

Ҽװʵû°ɣ

ֱӣҵؿһƣ˵İɣ

ĶʲôİԼġװͿ

СƤǲ

ҲɵЦ裬ӣ˵⻰һҲûС

費˵ˣݺݵصҡЦʵ˵Ҫôôֲˣ

㲻辯

ҲҲ

ԥƬ̣ٴνƨ̧ȵҪСѨʱ͵һٴ˻ȥ

Сǰɣ

ûûУ̫ˣ̲סһ¡ұ֤ˡ

ԣ費ҵĻˣôһĿң۾һЩԹҷνģͿ˭ȼֲסɡ

ƽڴϣ裬˯¿Ӹղűҽ⿪ǰţǻԲ˶鷿ɼ֬ϸļԵøҫۡ

ҵϣҲôܡѨѨ⣬ƺ䶯šסϢţһһµĴֳͼӲ

Ʊ룬˫ϥڴϣҵϣͷɽʵʵĶŻ⣬סðҺ˳£ʪһƬ

ĴϢԽԽأڼ֡Ƭ֮ĵҡһƨɣͷŷģģζݡ

~©һ޳ӲͣķҿԸоóһҲڼţҪˣֻǰӣʼڶϣĶ

裬ôҲ¶Ҫ㶯£ȻǾͻƣв

趢ң֪һ£һ׼ûûˡԥ˺һ󣬽β̧ڰգͣãһҧ˻ȥ

һһγ壬ϵĳ϶ܴҲһˬͷƤ飬˶˰ӡ

ӵĽ۾ϣһһһ䣬һHɡ¿ͷѣҲûϰˣʼ

ȻСѨѾʪҵΪڴ̼ʵڴӲЩ֮֡ǰѹ·Hʱ趼ЩߣοһлĶԵúɬҧأöӵ´󣬲Ƭֹ̣㺹ˡ

ȻĶֻɬСҾ͸о˷Ī̲ס˫֣סϸķ°ͬʱƨ϶𣬹ͷײӴʵˡ

Ű~𡭡

ҧ˵

Ѿе㾫ԣܿˣĶʵеץֹͦ

ϵһ֮Ĵҵؿڣɿ𶯣˵Щʱûͣ

ûš𶯡~

ĶԽԽˣϿţЩŭĴǳ⡣ˣϣֹͣͦŪĶڴϣķ

˫ֳҵؿϣͷɢҵ´䣬ǱֳȻůʪȵСѨļ۵Բμ䣬ηʱûʱԽԽ鶯ʱǻĦŹͷУ̲סĽ

ĴϢԽԽ٣һ֮ʵû

һ㡣

ʮ£ٴʵˡû

һ㡣

סҪã

ЩͷˣĶûͣ

ټһ£һ¾ͺˡ

ȻһֱţĵԽԽ죬ײġžžԵĸоСѨھҵţĸ߳Ҫˡ

ʱҲ˲ľˣɿͦ䣬ұ϶̧Ҿ͸»ȥϵÿ˵൱ˡ

Ǹһ㣬ѩ׵µݺ۳ңǰһĨ۰㣬˵Ĺ󡣿з޳㷢˿Ϊˮվ˶ͷϡΪ˶ƬƬ죬Ŀ΢Уҧ´˷ٴ죬

ءҡҲˡš

һֱ˵Ų˲ˣȴδͣһͦ˼ʮºСѨȻһΣ͵ͣǰſҵؿϣСһһģ˫ȲסشŰӣǻڵҺһס罦

һǵһμ⸱ģ˷쳣͵§ڻ΢ŵԸк촽һǡȡߡ

ã֡ҿʼ§ͦҵĻһ𣬹ͷŽۻģŪĦ

ššŰšŰŹ

δӸ߳л﷢һЩ岻Ľ§ҵļ򣬱ĳHŪ

ĸоԼҪˣ˫ƨɣ׶̵ҲءH˼ʮº󣬺һͣݺݵײ˻ϣͷЩ顣

͸ˣβƵģ§סҵļѩԸеĽֹ﷢ƵĽ䣬ǻһȦȦĽҾΡ

ֻˬޱȣ̲ס£Ҳֲסش󿪣̼䣬һɹɹ̵Ũӿ

һ˲֮䣬ԭҵĳȻ쳣ӵ·ֹһ㡣ãұ赹˴ϣµˬ޸Ȼͷɢһ㡣

ؿһһͣᴭţĸ߳ЩԲˣʮֵù˵˾䣺˰ɣҲһӦֽ̧ҵĸ첲Ųһԣѵվԡȥ

ĽŲ鸡ƮƮģĵЩءԡ֮󣬵ƹԡˮϡĥɰֻ֮У˵ϣڽڵľҺŪɡ

˵Ҳ֣ƽų⣬ȴһԣҺѵԱ𣿻ǡӣ

ͷһԼһܣܵ~

Һ˼֮ʱ轫ӳϴɾĳԡңֱߵߣƿ˽ȥңԱ

ϾѾöˣȻɿܣϰˡıӰ˵ĸо֮ϻᱻϳ䣬ȴϷһһҪĵʲôǾ͸ˡ

ֻϧôţһ仰Ҳû˵ոϴԵʣģðڱֿʼˡ

裬˯ûСʵ

ûлӦ

ã߼˼ϡû˵һ¡

裬˵£

ʲô˵ģ

˵˵

ûн

ҽ§ڻһ£ûѿûˡӹģ磬֬һ㣬ֻۣ̲ס͵͵ظ

ôûǵĹϵһֱõһ淢չ𣿡

ʵ㻹

Ц˵ûô̰ģô˯ҾѾˡŶˣǰ˵ҿ˴ѧҪҳеôҸᣬһȥŷɡ

ʲôģ

ȥˣȻûʲôġһûȥء˵ˣò棬Ҫǿ˭һȥģֻҪܸһȥĶҶź档

һȥʲôһ

ʲô֪ʡ



С֮ĶȾ֮ҳϣÿμر嶯ǲǼô²һ棬ˣܵġˣҿ֤ѧУʱ򣬴ûŮģҶһһ⣬겻ġ

õ겻Ҫϲ˱ŮҸ˻ء

ˡҸذ̶˵仰ͿʼԴСƢˣҪ湴Ů򷭴̳ѽ

~ҳĴףɿ~𿪣ое߳ŭҵĻֱۣҪһѿ

æУûԴףûԴ~ҳԴף˰ɡ

òװ谲˵黰һЩ䲻˾䣺˼ȫˣ

½˲䱻һˮôʱ䣬һֱԻر⣬ΪҲ֪Լô졣

ϲ𣿵ȻϲһСһ浽ƯˣԸ˳һһ÷ŮѣǶζҪġҡ

ô˵ˣ

š

Һ֮ѡһѡ˭

Һܲ죬ôͻȻôһ䣿֮䣬ֻѡһĻҿ϶ԥѡ衣˽Ƣ˺½ġԣҸɴѡĬ

һʵô˵ˣ

~~Ҽװ˺ࡣ

֪ǹģײһ£ȻٴҪһѣ˫§ĸˡ

ڻټϱۣԺľ͸˯ˡҲ֪˶ãҸоһۣԭ˯þͱȽǳһӾ˹֮䣬ȻʶҵĻտյģ費֪ȥĶˡ

͵۾ⷢ豳ң˯ڴߣʲôŽһͷȥ

裬ʲôأ

Աһȥ֮󣬻ŻŵץͷϵһӣҪұܵĸой£æ첲ȥץĶһߺţʲôҿ

边ԵЩɬ̧㡣ԽӣҾԽǺ棬һ˵ϣץסĽյȭͷҪŵĺӶ

Сſյ

ҿ

ҺŹ˴ϡһݣɴ෭絽ϣ˫ֿڴϡʹȺҵţﺰС̫漱˰

Ծ棬ҲΪʹڽǺӴ˹軹ϰݣҪأҸ߸߾̧ͷһдţعáҩ

ҴסˡûӶ˹ȻʹҴƷ˺þãȻѹһҲûУԭ׼ˡ

ζĿ裬һ죬ЩţӲڳĸϵļӣѵԽԽûûСˣĶ㶼ˡǷǰɣ

ͷʵУŽҩʲô

豻ʵĸˣ߳ŭ˵ʲô£

費֪ӣǿɰĽǰ׼ºҩľٶ˸档ԭѾϨٴεȼĿ⣬

豻ƵĻڣӦǸоҵı仯æ˵Ͻ˯ˣҪҾͰ߳ȥ

װͰ͵ģֽϻҲɷ˵ĳ˹ȥһУܵ赲ȴסҵ͡

˷ܵĸʲôƵģҪҪһֱֱֵֵ˲§˯ȥ


ĸϹ6.11  Ӱ
һֱ˯ڶ磬ҲŻ˹ѾˡȲֻ绰ôҲͨԸ費Ƕ𣬻ؼȥˣڴߣ֮ʱžȻ򿪣˾Ȼ衣

ҳӣĵΪȥءȥĶ˰绰Ҳӡ

һۣ˵·ϣģŸƨɣʲô

Һҵһ·˵Ķȥ˰һ

費ͷ˵ڹܵԽԽˣĶø򱨸ǲ

ⲻǶҲٶˡ

һ跴Լ˵ȥݷһλѧ㣬Ȼȥ̳һȦ˼·

ע⵽ŵĴСӦǻ˲Ǯ

ôңһȥأ

ȥʲô轫ɳϣѵס

Ůѹ֣Ӧ񡣡

ڿ˸ЦԭΪû뵽ȴûʲôӦֻ²˾䣺˵ĸһ״Ѳ

ĬǵĹϵ

һģЦ˵һϣ۵Ҫһأôôͷ𣿡

Ƴһۣ㱼䣬ƺƳһЩ֮⡣ʶĴ˴֣ʵ緹𣿡

û

ʲôҵ

ˣҵ˲ͣ·Աһ˵ţһ߽ϴּ䡣

ſűߣʵҵķ𣿻ָԼǷݣ

ϻ㻹˵ģҳ㿴ţͷҲأͷϴ

һûɵϲϾǹҵģݹĸĸ׶ԶӵĹģôһ㲻һ

ϴϺë˲ƺʲôͷһۣʵʲô

ûʲôҾ뿴

ʲôÿģ

ʲôÿ

죬ĨƵġһҲڿңҡ

Ҹ˵ʲôͷͲˣ边Ȼһݴ͡

Էʱû˵ĥţ̽ѧѧҲݷˣƺҲûʲôٴˡ

ҵȻôߣðȻ費˼˰죬˵裬һֱȥɡ

Ҹͷܹİõ϶ƵģͿ벻ˡ

Σ跴ʵû¸𣿡

Ȼ˵ò̫ȴֿ˻ˣ

ûʲô¡£ҲûҪ

緹Щ룬С˯һǷģ˯ҵߣҲ³ûʹһֻȴ̲ס͵ݺ񾲣ȣ˯úܳ

ȻһϣҾ͸֪ƣƵģҲû޷ߣǺ޷СеѳֲסôģЩ˼ˡ

ֱЩһȥ糡״̬ЦǰϣһкáԴǴ֮󣬺ܾûмЦôˡҵҲ˵ʲôζ

ϻصƵ꣬貢ûиҵٿһͷе˸ˡҲû˱ܻ䣬ڷ͸һëǽԡϴ衣Ҳϰ˰ɣϾҲһˡ

ϴԡڴߵͷֻѩ䳤ĺ󲱾ȸнһĪ궯̲ס˹ȥĶһ£Ȼ§סϸķ

ûпҲûֻ˵˾䣺֡

֣ҲңҲر£й˷ܸСҵĸоȴЩͬĸ׶Զӵ֮⣬һЩʲôеǣŮ´ɡ

ʶĽɿɵĹûҡһ̲סʵ裬ڿʲôأ

е㹤ϵҪ

ŶҴӦһԽҾԽͣãСʵ裬бҩ𣿡

һܵĻͷң۾Щɬŭʲô¶

æͣǾţܳҩӲáҪɣԺװɡ

֪ڴʲô⣬ƳһۣĮĻ˾䣺òš

ŶҹȻĵ˵ͷҲǣױȽ

һ죬߳ŭҵԴһƣһȥ

ҺƤȥ§סķ˵裬ˡ

ⶥһ£û˵ûˣ

û꣬ҽûꡣһҲûꡣҽ§ĸˣԣĦƵģ

ô޽ƵӸ㻵ġ

ҲǼûƵģƽʱɵĺܡ˵ţȥѹ豳ϣСʱһҡš

ѹѽ

СʱǾô𣿡

СʱôᣬġСʱôԣһ㶼

ҿСʱһѽ˶٣˵裬ò׼һΣһذɡ

У붼û룬ն˵

첻𣿡

С

ǽ첻𣿡ҹ⽫˵ıȽϴҪ̬

ϧ費Ϲͷ˵㷳ѽæأҸ㼱Ͻ

ааɣӻĺܣҲһʱһˡɿ˫֣ı𿪣˶ȣĿ裬ԼŮѡ

æ˺һŽֻ¡Ҹæڵ˵˯ˡѶůˡ˵ţƿ˱ӡ

ЩԥҴߴٵϿѽģˡ

۾Ʋһ£һε˱ҸϽȥȺģ§ˡԵһ£ûѡϰԡһ⣬µ˯ԡʲôܰ

ҷء

ö˶˵ģĶǰ

Ǿڱءø첲ײһ£ʹⶥ

ҳԡָ鷿ϣ辯С˯ͺú˯ҡ

ﱻȥЦ˵ڡ

ôôץסҵʹһߡ

衭

һ쵽Ľˡ㷳

~żҲˡҾ뱧Сʱ

ʵһ㡣

Һʵġ

Ҿô§裬ϵ£·ĻصСʱһɸое㲻ͬϾѾǳˣĸů֮⣬һݱ

Ҳ֪ôģͻȻСӼеҪչʾԼĳɼһ˵ȥһط

ʲôط貢û̫⡣

ȥ˾֪ˡ

ġЦӣ跴Щˡ

ڶһ磬ұ˳ⷿһ·˷ܲѣ迴ҵĳɹ֮󣬻ҡϾһУѧÿ׬һǮҿѾʱ˲ˡ

ǰ軹Щƣңʲôطôƫ

ķӣ̫󣬾ˡ

ģһ㶣ƽʱסѧУ

ʱסУʱסߡ

ö˶˵ѧУסţôԶⷿӸʲô

֪ˡɱظС

ȥ֮󣬿ݵĵԺֻˣңʵЩģ

ǰ

ʲôأڿ͵۹

ûôš

ڷתת󿴿ҿüͷʵⶫΥɣ

ȻΥ

ĶôǮ

ҰƱˡ

ҵ˽⣬ӦѾµЩ׬Ǯģֻǲ֪ڸʲô

Ȼһ迪ʵ˶Ǯˣ

ҵĻ˾䣺࣬һҲһǮ

ԭΪ֮󣬻еȣû뵽ȴ侲һȦ֮ޱʵ⼸£һֱæЩ

ұܵĸоЩˣæ˵ûУƽʱùܵģҲڿʱ䣬һġ

ؿбȻûҵĹֱԼԭģŪɳ׾Լ¶ˡ

ڵǰĬΣң˵˵ɡ

ˣҲסˣұһһʮĽ齲˳Ȼʵʿʾһ顣ûʲô̫ı仯һĬߡ

һæǰס裬ʵǸʲôѽ˵߾ߡ

߸ʲôҫ

üͷһί˵ʲôʱҫˣⲻٸʵ㱨

㱨ʲô㱨һǮ㱨ж˲𣿡

ûС

ûңתҪţһǰ˵裬˵治ҾǡҾǵ˵һ£֪ڸʲô

Įʵڸʲô

ҡҾǡһʱ֧˺ð죬˵Ҿÿʱ䣬׬졣

СŪ˭أʶˣС˼Ҳ֪˵ʵƽʱڸʲô㵽ûкúѧ

šҲ֪λش

ҲֽƵһߣҪߡæקסĸ첲ҴˣҴˡϴ

ͷңĶˣ

ҡҲá

¶𣿡

⡭ҡҲ֪α⣬˰죬˵Ҫɣȱ侲һ£̸òã

Ƭ̣һ̾ҷص˷ڡҺôţҲû˵Ǹûڰǹϣ֪ɻľҵѧҵôˡ

˺ð죬з۾ʵôǲǲǾԼǮˣӲˣ˵ǰɣ

ûûûʲôʱ˵ҡҡľ֤Լ׬ǮˣǸˡ

Ǹƨˣֿڶˡ

˵е㡭

ǣСܵĲǰɣǼȱǮô꣬ô󾢣òװ͵ϴѧΪǮģ

һί˵ǡϴѧΪҹ𣿱ҵԺ󣬲취׬Ǯ𣿡

ԣϴѧΪ˽Ҹù׬Ǯɲھ׬Ǯڻѧѧͷȴ¡

ҡĲϲѧϰһϲ취׬ǮȶǴҲǴѧѧҵ׸ġ

ѧ˶ˣмȶǴģ

뷴ֻѡĬﻹЩġ

ƺƳ룬̾һаɣҲģѡԼʽôôɡҲˡ

裬ҲˣҲˣвУ

Э滺һЩ˻˵СӶ࣬Ǯŵ࣬ǸĲϡɴѧ⼸꣬Ҫһʱ䡣ֻѧʱǵѧϰ֪ʶȡ֡

ҽ֮һѧϰ֪ʶѽһģӲһ䡣

֮󣬹ѹķգɿĻᶼѣĶôʱѧϰѽ

šĲ鲻Ըĵ˵ͷ

ִھ׬ǮҲɹҲʧܣ֪ʶˮƽҲֹֻڴˡ׬ЩǮҪǰʱ򣬾ͻᷢԼ֪ʶԸһˡʱͷѧϰѾˡ

šȻЩģҾ˵еġ

𣿡

ˡ

Ǻãʰʰ˰ɡ

š

ȻӦҪ󣬵ȴǲʹģϾҵһδҵȴôݲݵճ

ƺƳеƣҵ̬ȱ࣬ϻרŴȥ˶⡣

ҹ˯ȻҺһŴϣȴ᲻ûǹӳ嶯ҹⱳ裬һ仰Ҳ˵Ŀ顣

˺һС˾䣺˯û

ˣСƢûӦͱͱҵĺ󱳣˵֪û˯װ⡣

Խ˵ҾԽưư죬Ȼⷢ

֪㲻ˡе׬ǮƵĻᣬαؼһʱأӦö֪ʶȱҵ֮󣬺һɳ죬ʱеʩչµĻᡣ

һǲ˵Щգҵĺһ£˵˼˼ˣˣСƢɴ£ƣ

̾˿ҾһᡣҺòĥ׬Ǯӣôˣʵеϧ

ôԣǮˣô󾢰͵飬㵹ãѧϰʱ䶼׬ǮǼֲȱǮϹʲôѽ

СֹҲǾ׬Ǯ

Ϊʲô

Ҿ֤һԼ

֤ʲô

֤ѾǸܶһˡ

һ£һЦһ̣ЦʲôҲˣǲܶһѽ

ܣˣܶһ档

Ȼô˵ЦԴϷ֮⡣е㲻ޣͷͷ˵

Ĭһ󣬺ϴһĴУ轫ַ棬ظţ̾ĳˡ

ҵһ¶ӡǵһηĸ̾ԥǲҪӦʱһ̾ҪúѧϰҺͱҪء
֪ǹ˵ҵģлһ˿жͬʱůģ̲סغ衣

ţ

ˡ

ԭḧС֣ҵĺ󱳡žһ£ֻ˾䣺ƨԣ

ұһ˵ԭҲû̫࣬ôֵĳһȤˡ֧˵ǡǰְô

ɫͿȾ

𱸣ȴûŭ⣬¼ĴΡԭΪûϷˣ˯û뵽һ˾䣺ˣ

û

Ƭ̣һϤ边ӿ˹ԲҵĺϣıѹΡ

һûӦ˻ϸ۵С֣Ѿ˳ҵߣ˫ȼ䣬һ£סſſļ͡

һϷԣû뵽边Ȼˡҵ־ϲֱ£͸˲Ѫ۵УӲһ

Ҷ߶µĺһ衭

죡ЩģԼΪģԴżӡ

ΪΣҲΪҹ˲˵ϵĶӿˡתϸָ˶Ĺͷɵһ࣬ˬһˣ۴˲ʱһ˿Ө͸Һ

衭̲סֺһ

˵СŴӲһ¡

ұ裬Ʋӣһܺ졣תȥȴǰ֣ӽҶ˻ȥ

ϸ۵ָ˸ȦŪȻѾйܶεľˣϾܾûˣЩ衣

衭Ҳ֪ΪʲôԽǲҺҾԽСҲֹˣ۵ĻڹԽԽ죬ˬĸоֱ

̫˷ˣθоر죬ûһ⡣ƺҲˣһŪһֳһֽݸңȻû˵ʲô˼ԣʱֽסŪñģǡ

ŪԽԽǿҡƴȥ̣Խǿȥ̣߳ľԽͣڼһ˲䣬ֽڹͷǰŨ׾Һӿֽ

ĬĽֳ˻ȥת˸ҡҪ˵ʲôȴǰ֪ƵģС˵˾䣺˯ɡ

֪ЩΪ飬˵ҲͲùͷҺ豳űһԵĸܵԷ¡㱼䣬ҶǰһУֲʵĸоߵģҵ

ڶ죬һʰؼҡҪ֪Ҳס⿪ˡҽȥһ·ٵǻǰ̲ס裺ʲôʱܻؼѽ

˵ĻؼңָǻؼңӦöҵ˼бңĬƬ̣˵Ҹ绰ɡ

˼شĺ˿ģϾû˵˴ղˡǰ軹ң˵ⷿȫѧϰϡһЩɥͺԥĴӦˣϾĹϵʵԵĽ˵ҹ˷׬Ǯѧϰһθ߿Ҳԥ

ߺϾͽⷿ˵ֻϣȻͿʼҹ绰ٻһؼҡһ棬ѧϰҲǰ˲١ȻҶѧȷʵûʲôȤϣ˳ĴѧҵôҾҪʱ䣬ѧһЩ֪ʶ

֮ûϵҡǿ˼֮飬ûи绰ҲûϢҪ侲ʱ䣬ԼС

ҵȣһֱһ£ϾҪֲסҪ绰ѯʱĵ绰ˡ

ʱ磬￴飬ֻһ˲䣬༱Ծ˶ɿ˳ȥҰ½һ˲䣬ֹ򶨣ʵι裬𣿡

ûʲô£ܽҲû㣬ѧϰ

ҲƽһʱҲò׼ǲѧϰϵˡҽ֮ϸ˵һ飬ˣֻˣȻرǿѧϰر棬ӿοεûٷ

ҵĻ㱨⣬֮󣬴Ϲҵ绰ӻżˣæ˵裬裬ȱң

𣿡

Һܾûؼˣҡؼһˡ

赭д˵˾䣺ؾͻ¡

ԭΪعңû뵽ô򵥾ʹӦˣһеţ˾䣺ͬˣȥ˰

ɡ

õһģص󣬾ҡͷԵѶһƣʲô¶ֳ񾭲˷ܵػ˾䣬Ҫؼˡǲ⣬ؼʲôø˵ģ

ǵȻûΪʲô˼Ҿ͸˳ӡ˷Ҳû˵ֻܸǣؼҾܼŮѣܿˡѼĽʵģӲһ֪ȥҿĲҵŮѣҵ衣

϶˻ƱڶһȲϡһ·ţص֮󣬽ż裬ͽ˵ٺٺ١

ԸΥȻݼڼңɱǡҲڼɰҼð赹һҲûֳ顣ȻԵȵϱ˯֮ķ䣬ĵȲˣھҪ

һֱڰʾ裬ҪһȥҲ֪ûпףһֱûиһӦʵûа취ˣҳ費ע⣬˱ķ

ͷ⣬ûע⵽ҵĴڡߵһ£һ

ѽԹ

Ц˵û£Ҿͽ㡣þòˡ

ѽѽþòˡˣԳȥ˰ɣͷҪҸϳȥ

һͷ⣬۰

һۣ֪ʡ

ȥɷ𣿡

ûʱ䡣ͷת˻ȥ⡣

˵вϲ簮Ӱӳȥ𣿡

ûաȥ

ȥȥ͡

ͷңž裺ڴʲô⣿

ʲôд⣬ⲻǹǹˣһſǶ⣬ǻﻵġ߰ɣ͡

ԥһ£ʣͣ

͡

ȥ𣿡

Լȥ

һƣԼȥ

Ҹ׼Ϲһ׹Ūű͵ƿܿĳҺСҳűѧϰ

Ҽϴŭ֮ɫһԹԵĸ˳ȥ轫Źϣʣʲô

ҡ뱱ȥӰ

֣߿أѧϰšȥ

ͷü˵ڼҡ¡

б۵ңҪϸҹѧУȥ

ˣҲҳ۶ˡıܣһҲˡĴ磬Ҳ֪ǲģĩڼϢȻŻɫȹһ˫ɫĳ࣬ôһۣѹõ˲ͱ

ȻĮϲˣһؼңﻹǺܿĵģʳģ㣬Ϳʼڳæˡ

ȥæ˳ڿɳϣĿĵϷȴţ绰ңǲǸ˼᲻飬ˣ

ܿģֿʼ͵͵ѹ£Ƹĳ棬ԽԽȣϷҲû˼ˣֱߵ˳ſڡ

豳ŷţûзҵĵ̵ͦԲΣԼͲȹ޳ȳƵ˿ȣԽԽֱӲģɶһС

С鲻ҷſԥƬ̣߽˳ֽŹϣȻֻèƵģϢߵûвҵĴڣŲ˵顯Ųˡ

һ׳ŵӽ˹ȥ˹⻬ϸ˿ϡһٿתĲ˵㳯˹

ųһ亹ܵĳԱ㣬Ҳ˻跢ңüͷһ壬ʲôѽһ

ҡûʲôܰæġ֧֧ĺ

ȻûţһѣȥȥʲôҰ˵գתвˡ

ұһ䣬˷ˡ˿˹ȥϣ˫ַϸķϣ˳һ·»ȥֱխȹµȴͣ

ʲôѽ󶥣¶һʮֲͷӡ

裬̲סˡſĶǶϵζ

С֣ڼأѹ档

ԣĻܵôడӣĥ䣬Ӳ¿㶥ƨϣͬʱ˫Ũ˺϶ȵ˿ϣظš

ҪҵȻ¶̫󱻱֣ûгѵ⣬ɱϿԿ軹Щġ

ֽ⿪ӣ˫ڷϣѹΣһһġ豻Ҹͨ죬һְŰ壬һ־Ų˵С֣

Ҳɫǻ裬һҲ֪ˣĶǸϿΪһ塣

˰

ҶȻѱ鷳ˡ֪躦ʲôô˵ֻҲʵɷ˵Ľ⿪µĿӣ˳ų˽ȥֵķʻ壬边Ȼûд֡

Ҳ֪ǹģڼͼ㣬һϲһ˶ķ鼸

ɵĲˣƾΪ˫ӣȴһ뷨ܾǰװ˵ġ

ҪԺͱˡͨ죬յ

裬ʵڱﲻסˡ

˵ţҽȼ˿ȼ䣬£˫ֿסǰӵ˵˫ְŰ壬ǿӣڽϰڳ̨ϡ

赱Ȼ֪ʲôΣҧ´һӵС˵˵

дϲҷҪԼȻģ˼ס𷴶ʢˣϣ裬һΰɣʵ̲סˡ

蹰һº󱳣ܱ˲

~˭ôʱ䲻Ҵ绰ġЩԹƵ˵

ӲĲУ㻺Ȱȳȥʲô¶˵~Ȼˡ

ҵѩ׵ĲһŨŨǹ֮Уˣ̼ĿӲ˫ɿ鷿һ·£ȹڣȹ֮УȻץס˿Եͬڿ㣬ɷ˵һקƨ档

֪ҪʲôæֹҵĸơҲܲ˵ĽԼĿ䴦ͦʵǰһ豾ܵҪнȣȴϥżͣûͷûԵ

ȻҧţܺԵĸоЩˣҪǱӶţ˵͵ڵˡֽڿ³˳ཱུѩȫ¶ˮͿһ֬

軹ȴЩԵܻӭֽѹͷ׼ͷѨϵ죬ǰһͦƬ꣬˽ȥ

խȵѨŢͦ˲㽫ǻһ䶯ճҺ˲ӿ˳һ㽬

ǰЩܵ裬֮󣬷û˶˫ְų̨ѵ֧ӣ΢΢ţС͵ͨ죬һò˳

˫ֽĹƨɣͶᴩխѨݺݵײѨĽۻϡ

~

һæֱǰȴЩԾ»䡣æȵסĴȣ˳Ƭ̣һʼͦHŪ

Ȼ㷢Ѩˮ棬嵹˳ֻӣصıζ˵ˬο

Դϴηֱ֮ѾһˣҲ˲ʲôɣֻһζͦ塣ҧֱǿŲӵǰζʱʱĻ©һƺټײ࡮žžֹ͵ĸоǴ̼

˫ץסµ⣬شŪ󣬴Ŵʵ裬磬ǲרŴҿģ

ûпͱ£ĵļ׷ʣǲǰ

ڱҸ÷ˣͳһϣŰ~

Ҳ˵ͦ룬ͷֱѨ׻ģҲͷһԵĳҵײ

ʱͻȻһŹŵűһ󼱴ٵĽŲ˵Ҳ֪˭ģܽҺ辪ĶһԭһҶˡ

Եظо񾭱úܽԭխխѨʹţġһҧأǿɴ̼Сʱʵ裬ҸȥĶˣ

վڳ⣬űűתҿҽʱ˸ۣŷˣҪˡȴ֪飬ŵˣ״ε˵˭֪֪ȥĶˣȥĶˣ

Ѩ⹿סѾоʹҲסصǿſ⡣͵Ĵ̼ʱȻӦæͳֻصⱱ绰

ʲôѽʲôأɻʵ

ûûʲôҡϹˣϽѧϰȥȻˣȥ㡣ʵµҪϾѨҪñҺĹϵܻ˺ҡ
ĸϹԡ6.13
  ڱһͨǳ֮󣬹ԹԵĻȥˡ賤һӽطˣСѨȴѾƵ䶯š

ȻܽţʱֵĸоǼִ̼̲סٴͦСѨɿĳ

šš㡭˵

㣿һ⣬ʼӴٶȺײŷ˶Σžžֱ졣

һ󳱺죬æ㡭š㡭㡭Ūꡭš

ǲһŪ꣬HĿ㰡

߳ŭұ죡㡭šͿ㡭

̫ˡ

Сֹ˾䣬ǳѣù죬ˣҴ˼£ڵڣ˷Űͣ˱ĸоĽͷƤ顣

һǻճĤĦʸУ΢һͣ

š㡭š

һ£ЩԹ

ұƺͽ࣬һһµHŪ裬ͷײ֬Ļġ˫ۣüͷһ˫Ȱڳڰ֣סزš

ƣ̼Ƚǿңûֱ۵ĿĸܣЩźƬ֮ʱͣ£ת˹ϳ̨赹ϵģŪֻ˿ڿ㻹ϣûȫֻֿܲ£һ𣬱ұڻѨӽˡ

ҽ¼СѨ̽ͷҪȥ裬ȴƵĽŤһԣס쳤˲׷˰죬Ҷ㣬޷óѡҸɴ౧˫ȣȵڷɿH

㵹˫֧ڰϣԸеĺ˿Сűȴҵļϣֺ壬ڰһһεġ

ײ̨Ƶ졣輱ٵϢţ㡭㡭

ҽϰǰѹ屣Ÿٽִİ۶ڲϴӨ֭ʼüͷ壬ҧ´׷ǻԵʰɣûȫſ顣

ӷСѨҺֹʵȫҽ˿ϣ˫Ƿķ飬һһHţҵˣҲҵˣҪȢ赱ţҸɶС

Ҳ֪ǻؾ͹ȥ

֮䣬ԽԽ죬˶ĹͷһһµֱӹײֱH軨֦ҲֹҲǿ֮ĩͦŪһ֮һͦѨףۡ

･ָƽҺ໥ţڴڵĴŴе죬軹ûü߳Щⲻȥ

֡

ҽһ˫ȴӼϷȻس軺һ˫ŵأһȹбһۣƿҳߡ

ʱе㳤ѪҺͨ·ԵúܲȻЩ˽šһۣɫľҺ˳Ĵڲ໺»䣬ںɫ˿ϣԵøۡ

һ£ɻûüſڣѾ˷ţ˳ȥӦǼȥԱҩϴɡ

ڷ︴ϰûвҳŻصԼķʲôҲû˵һ·ϴϺ󣬼سͺʲôҲûһ

ԹݼϰǿŲֵģٴ궯ҳ費ע⣬һѱס˸ϻףӲϽ֪ҪʲôֲֳԵ˼֮ŷŵĹرգû 
һһҹҺ󣬻еʱ˼£ס󣬾״̬Ǽ黥ǣȻʽڽϣֻԼſ۶豻˱ûɢӾŤ˫ְҵͷץۡҴʱ躱е²סطŤָңҵգҲʮֿܣ·硣 
ұóҵжֵһӺһȥ顣ҵ׮һ۶룬ͷϻζţҺǵĹɼ䣬Ϊǻõ󻬼ǶһУֻкԼΪһĶԷ 
Щǣˣֵսʮ㣬ǰڳδ鶼ͷųˡҿҪ侫ʱҶૣÿ侫Ҳɾḧҵţʼմһֿ֮Уһֱűľ״̬ 
Ըҵļ£ٴβŮλĶϴθ죬ҲͶ룬߳ʱͷԼԵÿƶϾҵػζ˫飬ҼֱҪʶˣǱһˡҺϲұҵ衣ȫһľ磬֪˶ãƣ§һΪҹһľš 

֮ҺǴĳĬƽʱҲؼңֻнӵĵ绰Ҳܻȥʱ£ʱһ£˼Ȼⲻһꡣ

ƺҲԽԽŵÿˣĹϵҲԽԽ΢ˡȻ˭Ҳû˵ϻĸ˽ȴһ£һԷ־ص¡

ڲ̽ģ֪ҵʵ̬ȡȴĺܺãʼ׽͸

ȻˣΪ迪ģѧҵҲŬҾ˵ĻǺеģҽҪиΪͲӦǰ档һ׬һǮѾһ˲ˣ˵ѧĻȣֱ΢

ôһֱ٣μ˸߿֮󣬸ͬѧһȥΡ½ҲһȥģȴһҲ᲻뿪裬ѵõĳ٣ֻߡ

ڼңֱӰӦûûҹҪȽϿݣأЩˡ

峿Ҵ˯һֻ˾䣺ˣ

ŵ롣

һۣɻʵôˣôûȥϰడ

Ϣ

겻ڵģҲĩż٣

ҲϢһ찡

šܡ

ѾӦ˴ĴĿ׹⣬ſصͷϣҪ˯˰ޣ۵ùǺζЩ

ĵؽ˹ȥĴϣҲһۣץһ˦һԡ֪ܵĽ˹ȥˣҵĺ󲱾Ӿһƣ˾䣺𷸼

Һ¼СǺ˯һŴϵʱ򣬾͸ӽȤȻˡ͵ƿӣΪҪͻȻϮں˷ļƣȴ´ȥ㡣ٻʱ˦Ь˹ȥ⧲һ

§Сһظ꣬达סҵĶ䣬һԳһ˰

ֵܷóǼģڹ뷿֮ڹӵ£־ûʲô§ɲͣﹰܿͳ˱ҵԴĴ˺ü£ųʹ

ң˵ˣл˵

ֱӣźףһίĿ衣

ֻ۾ȴһԡƬ̺󣬳˵㲻ˡ

￩һ£æʣ

ͷңһ쵽ûûˣ֪ƣǺܲõģ֪֪

ԭΪҪ˵Ĺϵôһ˵ﲻɵ˿æ˵׳ûġ

ΪŲ֪Ƶģ˾֪ˡ

ô죿һתҪֻһ£

費ɵҿˡ

᲻ء

һࣺٸƤЦģ˵ءϸǹˣӽ쿪ʼ㲻ҵ˯ˡ

ЩԸ

УԺһڡЩ£һֻһΡ

Ĳˣһ̫˰ɣ

Ѿݵˣن£һζûС

ǡе̫˰ɡò׷żٻؼңһһΣһ²ĴΣ²Ű˴ΡҲҲ̫˰ɡ

ң¶ûּۻ۵ءˣϽ𴲰ɡڱˡ

һͷ˻ȥˣԺ󶼲˯ˣҵһ˯

û˵߬סҵĶ䣬һѳҸ˵ЩʲôֻȻˣץһƣ½ġ

ʶһۣȴ˵㿴ҸʲôѽŮѴ绰ء

Ʋ죬˽ᡣ

˯û½˵ģԵЩƣ

˯ˡôˣ˸ͨ

ûܳеһ¡

ʲô¶绰ﲻ˵ѽ

ǵ˵ɡ

½Щұܵĸо¡һۣ˵аɣȥɡ

ȥ̶԰ɡ

Ҷϵ绰֮ҴӴȥһߴ·һ˵ȥ½һ棬ԷʲôԵû

״̬̫ãʲôˡ԰ɡˡ

½һܺãĹϵ֮󣬿ǶŮзݿǷ֮ɣ˭֪ء

šȥɣûʲôҾͻˡҴ·֮ȥϴһȻֻ׼ߣʱֻˡ

ʶ˹ȥֻͷһ룬Ȼ̧ͷɫȻԵЩš

˭ĵ绰

ʲô¡Ͻ߰ɡ

ȻķӦЩŹ֣Ҳû룬Ҵҵĳ˼š԰ʱ½ѾͤµˡΧмͷ̫̫죬ֻͷЩΧֵĻԵЩ롣

˵öԣӦʲô鷳ˡ

ĵߵıһ£һ~

½ŵһ飬͵ػͷƼңһڣ˵ˡ

ʵôˣ˪Ƶģ˰ġ

½ͷ

ҶСϸƬ̣̽ʵǡʲôˣ

½ͷһƳһ£ûп

йأ

ûС

ʲô°

ֲ˵ˡ

Ҽץ̣ʲô£˵ѽҲ£㶼ûط찡

½С˵˾䣺һˡ

һ£ʲô

ԱһŹȵĴү˵˵ˡ

Ťͷүȥүùȴ˴أңҸʲôѽѽ

ת½ʵˣ

½˵ͷ

ǡЩãȻö˶˵ģôͻأ

үַˣ˵СӣôУ㲻֪

ҵȻ֪Ǵүܱ𣿡

үЦƵĿңҵʲôѽǲ𣿡

ƿԣЦŶ½˵ߣǻط˵ȥ

Ľ䣬ʵô£滳˰

½˵ͷ

һЩ𾪣ڷŵ侲ˣƽ͵ʵ೤ʱˣ

¡

һƽʱ˻֮⣬ȻҲŮѣżҲҪһ¹ǰǴΣôҲ䲻ժӣ˽ȥʱ½һ٣һ˵û¡û뵽

˵𣿡

û

ǡôģ

½ͷ죺Ҳ֪

ȻЩȣһʱԽܣЩġϾǴδ̥Ȼº˭Ҳû𣬵һֱѹδǡ

Ѻֲ֪ôģϾӵһѧѧУͦŸӣл

½Ҳ˵б۴ңʵҪӣ

һһʱ侹֪˵ʲôźãзһ˿жϳ֮⣬ҵľǰСѾͷˡ

Ҳÿɷ񣬷ʵôģ

Ҳ֪

Ȼô˵ĸоҲҪӡϾУѧû룬δҲȷ˵ҲǸӣ

ҪȰ¸裿

½ÿɷ

Ҳ֪ôģ˹ȥĶϣظһ¡½ܵһģ㲻

һί˵ҹŮкôͲˣ

ôȷһŮ

ϲŮ

һҪкأ

Ц˵Ҳûϵ㡣

½üͷһ壬˵һ鷳ˡ

̸֮䣬صսʧˣȡ֮ģǶδһ㽡

ô˵¶ϵشһʱҲò⣬ۿ쵽ˣ˼ҷò͡һ߳Էһ죬ô꣬еľˣͻȻ˸ӣǵĹϵһ˿⡣

½ͻȻ˾䣺Ҫǽɣ

һ㶣һʱ䲻֪𡣵˵û¶ֻǾЩΪʱ硣ҡҺĹϵûȫȷЩ岻

㲻Ը⣿½ʵ

ԸԸ⣬ͬһеİ

衭Ȼ̭㣬Ҳ˵˵û̫ȥҲҲôһ˵ҲҪԸ⣬Ҳǿ󡣡½Ȼƽһںӣʵȴһʮֿĸо

ǡѺˣ

ҵ̬ЩЩˣ˵˾䣺Ҳ֪ 

ĸϹ    Ӱ
˵ţ߹һһŮԱߵλֻ˵ʲôɡŮ˻˾䣺ͣɡ

͵һʵ̫ϤˡŤͷȥŮ˵ǰƣ衣ҲΪ죬˾Ǹʲôܡûģûʲô̫ı仯Ǵһ˿۾˹˹ĵġ

ȻʲôˣҲ˵Ĺͦǿģ֪Ƿ˼Զӡ󲢲̫á

½Ťͷ˳ҵĿ˹ȥҲһںự

ŤͷԵһ£ĿײɫЩţЩΣе㲻֪롣

ҵе㸴ӣһʱ侹˴к趨˶Ц˵ҲԷѽͦɵġҪǲһ԰ɣ

軹ûڣЦⶼˣ˼ǵʣʣѽ

⻰Ȼǳ½˵ģǵСƢȷʵסġƳһۣЦЦã򵥡˾߰ɡ

ǳԵĲˣ׼˵ģôһ˵ҵˡҿαϣװŴүЦ˵ŮѳԷôñǮأ

е㲻֪״Ц˵˳ֵ¶ȻкԱ򵥡æֹ𣬺ˡǮˡ

Ц˵ԸװװɡҲʣһٷǮ

ʱܺ½ЩԾˡ½ɫѯ֮⡣ܳЦ֮⣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣϾĸ֮¶Ҳ˽״

һʱΣ˭Ҳ˵ˡԭЩңڷĹĵģ˵һ߰˵ˣǴӲˣţôҲٿǮ

Ҳ֪ʲôԶƵģ˱Ť˭Ҳ˭ˡ½е¶û㽲Ƕһ˵ݡ

Ҳ˵ʲôоеҲһԷ̬ȡ˺ҲԼΪеɣ½˵˾䣺߰ɡȻȥ˽ˣֱٳǰŻͷһۣҲתĿײһæŤ˻ȥ

ź½ңָ賳ˣ

ûа

趷ʲô

˭ˣ

ҼȲɵҲϹ

¶Լ˵ȻҲûͣɴཫתƵ˺ϡҵ˼ǣҸȥ̯ƣԽԽá룬ͷͬˣʱ仹ϸһ¡

ʱ軹ûһڿɳϣԽԽʹ졣Ȼ֪˵ȥԷܴʲôʻﲻܿƵӿ

Ϊͨ绰ԵʰɣķӦЩѲ˲롣ʵϸ룬Ӧø˵ģڷҵһ˲侪ʧķӦⲻĸӼеķӦ¼еķӦ˵ҿ˵ദ

һֱ˰ڻˣͷЬƳһۣʲôҲû˵սﲻޣԵץģôоһҪ

ҿɲ뱻ǣűߡ׷ңûҿڣתҪҸϳȥ˵ʲôǲ𣿳ȥȥ

оھǸԵСŮЩˡӲžͲȥҼ£ˣ˴ߡ

Ƭ̣ʵһ𣿡

ʲô

顣

ʲô£

ǸһԷ

Ҹ˭һԷҪʾ㲻Ҳ½һȥԷ𣿡

Ҹ½һԷ֪ġ~ⲻ𣿡

ûˡֹ˵ڵĹϵøҽ𣿡

ʲôܸŮһԷҾͲܸϴһԸ̸㹤ϵ¶ˣȻ˵Ųͣȴһλǹ˵ġ

滺Щôˣ˵òŰɡ

תңСܵԽԽˣҹϵҲǲҵ˭

ⲻǹ~

йģȥɣˣ໰˳

ҿЦãⲻڹ𣿡

ҲʶԼ˵˻Щ̿ǿûЦԭûµᣬЩͣæЦⱾҲ¶˵ˡ

ˣҪ·ˣȥɡ

ıеϡͿ岻С»áﻹиᣬеܡ

軻ҾӷҴǰȥ˵裬Ҷˡ

˲Զ

ʲôԶûа

ûв򰡣

ⲻء

Ҳ͵ö

ǡüͷһ壺ĵ

˵

֪ôһ˲䣬ôС뷨Ƕ˻ɡǡԼİŮ˸һԷ˵Ӧɣ

һۣһС



Сۣ

߶ǽȥˡҸŽ˳׽˵û䣬üͷһ壬ܵӣƿҾ˳ȥ

Ҹ䣬ſϴǰסĸŻšæȥĴĺ󱳣۵ʵôˣǲǳԻˣûҡ̲סڿ˾䣺̫˰ɣ



ֽƵһߣҰ죬Ĺĵĳ䡣Щûڣոպͻû£Ǻοأ

ϵ¹涨ҳ費ע⣬·ɴϣŲˡֺֺЦƫû취ק˰Ҳק˵˾䣺ŰɡȻϴȥˡ

ڴʱֻȻˣøģ͵ʲôԥһ£

ʾҽ

Ҵ㶵ģûа½һֹͣˡҷͨ¼ֻһ绰ҽġˣӦӲԤԼҽ

ڴʱϴˣһžͿſڴϣֻڷ㶣ɵüͷһ壬ǳ⣺С͵ֻ

һϽֻ£͵ֻˣ뺰ء

첽һѶ˹ȥ˼£ŭң㶮ر˽

ҡ

ȥȥ

һûǵÿڣͱקŸ첲ϳңȻ顯һ˷šصڴϸŽ췢顣ҵΪȻЩ³çЩףķӦҲЩȥĿǰּĸŮѵĹϵЩİһʱ仹֪ദ

ҲθˣԵڶһůůθ𴲼ڵ෹Цڡ

æЦТԼ裬źԼţһڰɣ

һۣҲû˵ʲô˷ϰȥˡڼ£˹ڼֳݣȸ½˹ȥ½Щ⣬ǿЦ⣬˵˾䣺ڡ

õ²һ˵ǡ

½֪˵ʲôЩɻҲøͣߴϽ꣬һøȥءԱߣһ߿һ߽鵽и϶

½̾˿鰧Թ˵Ҳ֪ǹңǹҶĺӡ

㲻ǹĺӣĺӲ͵ڹ

ǰҰģڵ΢ˡһĸƾӹˡ

Լ˵ҲҵģǱ乬һ

ôԶ̸һҲ˼棬乬ʲô𡣡½̾˿Ƭ̣˵Ҫǽɣ

ҵͷ˵ᣬܾźĹϵû˳иⲻҲ֪ԼǲܳΪķ޵ģɾһɼ֮ͻԴΪڣҲһˡ

½ԥЩãͷ˵㻹ûã

æͣǡڶѧôԶϽ˻飬ҲסһȥҵǺ˵ҵĵ㡣һ˴ŶѧУô죿

㲻òģԼ취ġ

ʵϸˣᣬҪʱ򡣻ûأͶһӣ⡭

½ң㲻Ҫ⺢ˣ

ҵȻҪ⺢һģҿ϶ԥĽ¡ǡû취ֵѹҲô˽ҡҾ費ºӵġ

½ͷذ̵Ƣ˽⣬Ҹ˽⣬˵ЩӦ뵽ˡĬΣ½ͷͷ˵֪Һ¡

ʲô

ϲϱˡ

붼û룬˵ҷģⱲӳ½֮⣬ȢκŮΪޡ

½ңûʲô仯ҽ˰죬Цõ˵ܲңжһ°

½˵ʲôãС㷢ĸƨһ㣬𣿡

ⶼǿ쵱ˣ˵˵ء

ҿһʱ䣬˵ˣԣ㡣

½ﻹһֻͰʵǸ˭ģ

衣θãҸҲһݡ

Ŷ½Ӧһˡ

Ĺ˾¥£ӦѾʳóԷˣ绰ȥѯһ¡绰ǲ䲻ȣҸʲôæ˵뼦ĶҸȥ

æ㲻ˣŰɡȥ

ʱͼ¥Щ˵û¶ͷ

ⲻǵθãⲻ˹ůůθ˵ţͰ˹ȥ

ӹ̾˿ǡѧϰģʲôô𾢡

ֻҪйϵģҶġӽԺ󣬼Ļͱˣʲôϴɨȫˡ

費飬ߵһɼͥˡ

ȥ׬ǮǲҪɣڹ˾Ҹ£Ҵڹ׬Ǯ֮˳㻹չ

˰ɡܹ˾ڸĳҺģͱֵˡ

Ӱ࣬һһ߲±䶯Ļ̵̻ġһۣԳ~Ҹ˵ЩҲ

ʱװܴͦԱ߹Ķ˸кһۣ˵ȥˡ

轫ıͰЦ˵Ӹͷȥʳóˡ

ЦЦˡ

ҿıӰЩˣʵÿһԷѽ

֪ʲô˼һۣ˾æԷʱһ¹ϵ顣ϹʲôѽС

׷治ˣæתƻ⣺Ҹһȥɣߡ

ˣϽȥɡæòУûд㡣

˵ת¥ȥˣȥ㰴Լ½һ磬ûʲôһλУЩȶ˵˵һ㡣

ʲôóԵģﷴӦȽأûʲôθڣǡذ̻ˣұ뿪

ذ̵̬ȣӦûԼŮѾˣ֪ҵĺ֮󣬻ʲôӦ

һܾʡ
ңû뵽һشôʹ죬Щ⣬ĬƬ̣˵ֻǹϵҵ˾һ˾ϰ࣬żȥԸ

ҽͣ˵ᣬҪǷǰٲһͨ䳰Ц־ϲ˫۽ķ§ĸˡ

Ƭ̣轫ƿ˵Ҫžʵʵš

ҷߣѵõʱ⡣ҲٸңùֻţԺҪһֱǸöѽ

һԷǰԶƵһνܶŮǵĶƵʱп˾䣺á

붼û룬˵˾䣺濴ŹʮˣôҲʮ߰˵Ůһˮ顣

˵ü˵ͺˣⲻû¶¶æҲһ䣺ҲһŶۣȻĶŮʮģƤ۵ˮ

⻰ڹά裬ûʲôӦûȥֵ㿪һƵ

ҺذҽԺǰץҵ֣ץĺܽɫ԰ףЩҡ

ҽ΢΢Сַǰһ£ذ̷ĶߣοšܸоĿ־ͲʵҲòȥĿԼĺӱûеôɡ

ֻʣҺذʱվЩˡǵĹϵȻͣʵҲûã֮󣬾Թδˣ³𣬹ϵǼתֱ¡

ұϾᣬסҸεľ棬˰죬ɵ˵˾䣺Сû⡣

ذ˾䣺ǰ𣿡

ûС

ô֪û⣿

ϵһ仰͸ҭȥˡʵڲ֪˵ЩʲôˣĬ˰Σذٿʵʲô

ҡһʲôҲû밡

ʲôҲû룿

֪ذ̶ûҡҪ˵¶Ȼһ˵ĴҲҪҪΣ̰ͼ֣÷Բ˽յ⡣Ҫһ£ߵǸоЩ̫ʣһʱҲ֪οڣͷĬ

ʲô㣿

ţһʱûذ̵˼ʣʲôʲô㣿

ʲôʱ飿

ʲôʱᣬʲôʱᡣ

ذֱңСôеνѽ

ûаʵİ

㵽ϲϲ

ҵȻϲѽ

ŬĽԼֵ㹻ϣҷذ̵˻ɶ֡ʱľذͦµģҾ͸ɷƵģܾҵôһС˼Ѿһˡ

ұĺ󱳷ëСʵذ̣ǲǲһѽ

е㡣

ذ̵Ļشֱ˵

ҿ

ҲҲҡ

ΪʲôѽЩɻˡ

Ǿʲô¶㽫ˡ

￩һ£ŵ亹ֱð侲֮һ룬ֻǶɣ֪Һ飬ֲܼڷϽͣ͵ڲˡЦЦ˵˭ûСܰСʱ͵ǮȥӰڻ֪ء

ٸ˵˵ʲô˼ס

ģʲôСܣұ֤˺ġ

˵ȻʵҲû׵ģĺ֪Һ֮󣬻ʲôӦλ˼һ£ְʲô¶֪ˣ׺䶥ҲΪ

ɵú˳ҽĸŮͻؼЩ־ʹҪģʼޱ飬һԲֱ˯֮ҲŸذ̣뿪Ǽҡ

ûлؼңڽϣЩãȻذ̵ĵĲǶģһϮҶԼһЩɣҵΪʲôģΪܹ޸ңһź

Ҳֻ⻹⣬תתžתĹ˾¥£һʱ䣬°ˣͣ

һСʱ½½ĿһЩԱʼûмڼӰࡣһᷢһ£첻֪ôˣĵš

ֹһһա죬ϤĽ࣬ÿҲ֪˭Ҳڳ׼һϲŲԶȻͣűһ˵ŭĺ֣ƣߣ

Щ죬ӦǸʲôܡ̽ͷȥȻվڲԶקסĸ첲龰ĵһ𣬸ҪȥֻһãȻʵܣôˣ

Ŀͷҧгݵ˵⻰㣡㵽ʲô

ܸоóڼȵķŭ֮УұӦúԥĳȥ裬ǿҵĺʹҪ֪֮䵽׷ʲô

ܴʵܹ˾Ǳߣ㵷Ĺɣ

üһãȻ˵Щʲô

֪λȡ֮ҷȰһ䣬鲻Ҫô

ܣҲ֪˵ʲôʲô飬칫̸Ҫؼˣ֡

˵ţ˦һ¸첲Ҫܷǵû֣ץøˣҧгݵ˵֣ƣû뵽ôɡ

ЦһǼƬҪǷĹϵ㲻𣿡

һ龪ûתҪߣȴʼղϷ֣ק֮У±һӣЩŭˣҫ㵽ʲô

ʱҲ̲סˣ͵س˳ȥܵĸ첲򿪣һȭȻм䣬ŭĿӣʵʲôѽ

һȭʮҪлѹĲȫйܵ˲˿۾Ҳڵء۵죬ңҲôš

ٶһԡ

ŭңּ۾ббļڱϣתȥЩ⣬תȴһԵ˳æȥڸʻλϣһϵȫһ˵ԺҪ۸͸˵ʰ

ĬƬ̣Ťͷңܵǲ

ԣˣֲ֪ΪҲһ飺˴ˣܵǲ

û⣬ҡ۸㣬Ҳȥæ

ҹϵ£õ𣿻Уôҹ˾ˣ

ⲻ͡ڽȻתˡ

ʲôʱģ

һɡ

ںһֱſϷ

һľţҲ跢ԭæͣûſϷǡұһϲģȻͿˣⲻϵҾ˵ңԲʱûġ

ûмңһ֮󣬷ʻͣұ뻺һգ˾䣺ʲô°ҿͦġ

ػ˾䣺ʲô¡

ⲻǹ

õ𣿡

ﱾͱһɾҲ֪ôģôһ˲Ѫԣ˻ȥҾôˣۿű۸裬һһ߿ǲ

һ£Ťͷңʲô

Һһֱģôʱˣúø˵𣿡

ʲôʱûú˵ˣ

Ҿô£

ҹϵ£ƾʲôҪ㣿

˵ͣ

ʲô

Ҫ³

û˵ͣ·ߣȻ԰ҰѳŴ򿪣˸ơҽ⿪ȫ³ݺݵؽŹϣͻȻЩˣתҪȥһ迪ų߷ɳ۶ȥ

һĿĵڽֱεҲ֪ô£ôͻȻ͸賳͸оؿƵĻţһ޴й

صʱѾʮһˣſɵ˯£ڿɳϿӣȴӰ˾䣺𣿡

ˡ

˯ˣ

֪

ҪǸֲ֪οڣڿصⲽҽűһֱҿ̲סʵֳˣ

ô֪ģ

Ҳһŭӣݾûٳˡ

̲ס̾˿ҡͷ˵Ҳû볳ܣǡ~ʵͦĪģҲ֪Լô¡

Ҿ㻹ǸǸɡ

Ҳд⡣ǰǵһʱǸģĵЩԥҲ֪ΪʲôͺǰֱŤʱһ໥ţöԷԼϴ

˰죬ջ¶˾ģߵķǰšõӦ֮ŽݣڴϣžûűʼǱ̡ͷҲû̧һ£ȴ֪ңޱ˵˾䣺ˣ

š

ȵȻ

ҹԹԵվһԵţӣŽʼǱϣŤͷʵʲô£

Ť˵͡Ǹ裬Ҵˡ

Ķˣ

Ҳø졣

迴ңƺڵҼ˵ȥ˺һ˾䣺⣿

š

û

û

һ̾ˣȥɡ

üǡʲô˼

Ͳ֪Լˡ

ǡңҵĶˣ

Լȥ

ЩɥתҪ뿪ٳǰȻתʵҴǸʲôܣ

üͷһšһ

Щôѽ

ǰôģìкִַܶ޴ġ

ҪѪء

ֱͦ˺󱳣յһأ𣿡

ҲЩˣͻڶǲǾάǸܣ

һ漴ŭά˭ˣȥ

ѾӣٴȥԽԽҲЩŭ⣬תˤŶȥ˷Ҿͺˣ֪費Ǹ˼ƫҪô˵ͺҪһ

ʱٻȥͣһͷϣδػļ죬Һ뵽ս֮СȥǱϻ裬Ҳ˭Ҳ˭ͺڶƵġ

ʱԽҾԽڣȿڸ˵췽ҹ̷˵ףԼɶ˵˲˵ĻԥԥȥǸ

ϣڼңҸоˡϴʱ򣬴Ӻ潫§סһ˲Ĩȥϵϴ̣ʣʲô

Ƶ˵裬ˡ

ִ»Сĵķ⽩Ĺϵףø첲ݺݵضһ£𣺡𿪣

һҵؿϣ۵ģ˺ˡʵ벻ͨôʱˣôû

û֣˵裬ԲˡҸǸɲɣ

Ҫҽ˫֣ƾôʹҾǲ֡輱ˣŤҪңæСĺӡ

ͣƬ̣Į˵˾䣺ûˡ

һʱûôʲô˼

ͣҰѺӴˡ

һɵɿ˫֣˰벽

򡭡ˣѾˣ

Ȼ׼Ϣʵ⧲ûиһ׼

轫ϴɾһëһĵ˵Ѿˡ

ֻһҵڶ𣬴ʵôһ£

Ҫ𣿡Ƴһۣ߳䡣

ҽ󣺡һԾ͸ˣ⡭Ҳ̫˰ɡһʱҲ֪˵Щʲô鼱֮ѿڶô˵ҲǺӵİְְɣ

͵ͣ½ŲĿԲǳ⣺㺰ʲôھӶ𣿲Ӷˣ

Ҳ֪ΪûˣΪţҴδоԼű˵⼸ԼǹˣǵĹϵӦûָˡһ裬ҵĶӡ

һʲô˼

ʲô˼

ҵȻ˼ҿɾ벻ܾͨͳܣôö˶˵˵˹ϵˡĻˣС³ܣҪҪҪ֣ǶҺϵɾôڡ

ǣ裬ǡҲԣҲø㷢ƢҲûҳϣҳԴףҼʣһ쵰ҶУ۱֣вУ

Ѿ¶ˡ

ǡ֪ܵԭɣΪҳƢϴҵǸҸģвУ

轫תһԣûлش

Ϊ𣿺ӲҪͲҪˣνǻǰòã

軹ûлӦ

Ҹоɤ۶һƣӿͷ̲סЦǡӵĸףʲôˣǡҵ׸ôָܸ·𣿡

貢ûи𰸣ĬĻصһ飬ʵ벻ףΪʲôͻȻӡ

һʱ˼ôͺÿÿӣﻹ˵ܡҵ̬Įԭδ֪

˼գذƳһƣ裬ҺͱҲ˹ȥʵҾۻᡣ˲֪ԭҪְȡܵλã˹˾BOSS

ϣذȶƱףְнǼСҲ辴ơһȦʱذ̲ס˵˾䣺ʶô꣬ڲ֪ôԺ÷ˡ

Ц

ذһ¶ǣЩĳ˵֪ʤǿְϸһһҪȰ㣬Ī׷ʿɶֹܣ˵λҲˣ˼ŪɢпҪ´еϾɱˡ˱Ƽˣʲô¶ó

ذ̵һ˲뵽ͣĻ棬ԭܵķŭΪȦסǲ֪ذ̵˼ܹƱòᣬ˹пɢ

ʱҲɲʲôŮӣǸ۲۵ְŮħͷҪŶӵݼӳ֣û취ֶΣʰҼֱ練ơ

ȴһʱһͷˮ̲סʵʲôѽ

ذ̸Ҫڽͣ˵Щ»ǲҪ˵Сˡ

죺ֲСˣԽӴһЩĺڰˡ

˵òôҵ֮еǻᶾ򡣡

Ҫƶ죬һ绰ӦЩСȥġҲû˼ԷˣҸɿˡ

㷹ذ̴ؼңΪ֪ҪȾƣûп·һƳ̳Ѱ˼ѵõ޸ϵĻᣬС飺첻ҪǱˣȥɡ

ĬƬ̣еǨĬҵţɵһϲæ׷ȥ

촩һɫ³ȹȹο黨ϵһɫ˿ѩ㴩һ˫ɫ߸Ьˮϡա졣Ǻ˾ƵԵʣĲЩƮȴʧţζ

ҸԶ˵ıӰɫ¹ӳ£мʥ°˸ղžϯذ̵ǷɲһŮˣ˵ĸƷԼĿꡣ

ǨңΪңͬϰֺͰҿŶӵݣһʱóѣһֱˣջʧȥ衣

һ·β棬˭Ҳû˵ҳȻĴεķΧȴһֱ֪ô֣ȴƳĬȴٳٲڡû취ֻӲͷƤģߵ԰ľ˴ʱҴǰȥٺһЦٷԵĻС

š

ǸǴ㣬ǿˡԳЦ

Ҳרҵӣ˴ʦȲˡ

У˵ϻС

裬ͣǸʲô鷳ǲΪذ̽˵Щ¶

Ϲʲô

ûϹǡΪ¶Ҿ˵

ͣ½ŲŤͷңûϵΪˡ

æ֪֪ҲǸϴٷҲˣ˵öԣԸкְܶ취ȷʵһַԺҲˣκ£Ҷִˡ

ҡҡͷһ̾ûҵ˼Ҹ߹㣬ӦѪԵģñҲûԲִܳˣ˵Ƿġ

ЩƶǶͷ𣿡

ԽȭͷΪִˣҲҪýܳͷ׼

ĥһ£ʣ˼ǡҪѧ̣Ҫç򣿡

ɡͷǰߡ

Ͻѵˣи͵ˡҿĵ׷ȥ˷ܵҪЩʲôû뵽ȻͣЩɻֻ軺ת̾ϢС֪ʲô⼸Ҳˣ£ʵʱѻ˰ɡ

Ҽ࣬Ȼһ˿õԤУʵѾˣõô𣿡

Ѿˣͬˡ

ҳĬ˰죬˾䣺أ

Ǿ͵˽ɡ

ܸоó費ڿЦҲԴҪЮңѾ¶ˡֻŻ䣬ֱð麹ֽЩܿƵĴ˰ӡ

ǡҲûʲôʼɣǸûʲôϵֻǡǸʲôЩ״ˡ

ұԴĽۣû뵽¿ЦЦ˵ʲôûˡȥǰɡҺذˣһһһ׷ӣǽ˾Ϳ԰ȥסҲиˡ

ҪһޣΪԵʡæ˵ҾҲûҪô죬ҡûء

ʲôûã

һûҪҪء

迴ңʲô˼㲻飿

ǡҡҲ֪˵Щʲô˵һû׼ءڡȫ

ˣӽԺҪһһĶˡ

˵̤꣬ǰߣѹ˵Ļᡣæ׷ȥ˵Ļû׼á裬ȻһºðɣͷҸһ£ٵꡣ

ʱ·ߵѾЩˣ˵˾䣺ؼ˵

żֲڴϾֻᷳʧǵĽ󣬾ڿ쵽СſʱȻһʻʶĻһͷŵþһ亹ǳûпƣֱǿ˹

Сģ

ҴһܵĽƵһԣԼȴʵʵײȥγɿʻֳҵڵϣɢƵģʹޱȣڻ֮ǰһĲҽС

ٴʱѾ֪˶ˡȻûʲô󰭣ϾڹŹһȦЩٺĸо

Ѷɫ԰ף۾ﲼѪ˿ԵúƣٻὫ¶ҵһ˲䣬һѽұڻοڣɤɳƵĶ˵

ļЦ˵ûµġ

Ȧ죬ЩʣҪи̣ôѽ

~ûµģеۣҲû¶

輤þ֪ø˵ЩʲôˣȻȽϿܣȴβסƣһԵʱӦһֱҵߣûкúϢȰؼϢȴִҪҽԺ

죬衢ϰ֡ŵذ̡ҽԺտңʶԭô򣬾Ȼôҵˡ

ײҵˣǸʲôܣƵͶ·ƺһʱߣҪײ裬û뵽ڹؼʱ̽ƿĸܹΪԪףȻҪܷɵƲãвˡ

̸ʱ¶˻ں֮⣬ӦѾϿذ̡Ī׷˵ϾӣЩɥǰҲͦϲеԸ񣬷ҪҪնݳ󻼡ºҵ뷨ҲЩĸı䡣

Ȼһûһۣż´Ȧȴܻؼܱ΢ĹػչˣҲøһһܱɵ뷨ҪҵθУҵߡ

ҵһĻָѹõҲѡǰתתȥ޵СֵЩˡ

ҴӦ裬Բǿˣ⵹Ǹʱ

ֵ㴲ڴλĴոճԺֻʣҺб洲һλ㡣˶ĴλϿʱϢ̫ۡ

ΪǷͷϨ֮󣬷ȥôҲ˯žʱʱػ̲ס˹Сʵôˣòýҽ

еܣûɶ£ýҽˡ

ĶҪҸࣿ

ſҵĶߣұȶĴģ¸ˡ̧ͷһۣ洲ӣйɵӦѾ˯ˡ

С˵˾䡰Ҷеۡ

ۣһ£Ҳû໳ɣָǽҵСһһʣˣϳԵĶɾ

֪

Һܾûк輡ˣָô˻ϸ壬Ҿ˸ڣ˼£СȺģǲŻ

һСʣõû

õˡӺˣǡطеܡ

ֱֻͦͦģһС費äҲɵͷֲԾƺ³ҴʲôˣҶһ£Сӻûã⻹ҽԺ

ҪֳȥæץסС˵裬Ҽ͵ܣɡ

һƬ죬С˵ﻹˣ֡Ͻ֡

ỹãһ˵ﻹˣҷ˷ˣקСţС󣺡裬͵ͰҰɡ濴ҲвУ

֡¾˶棬Ū̫󶯾

裬ǰҲιǰв

豻ŪִּС˵˾䣺ֻ֡

Ҽ˿ڣòһڣæӦֻֻ֣֡

ЩһæŤͷһۣС㡣

æֽס˵˵

űҶ־һ顣

Ҳ֤һҲ

һۣСƬ̺̲סһЦ˳

Цʲô

һˡ

û뵽边ȻҿЦˣõգǾΥˡЦ֮ӣȴһʱԡұôһײЩĸӼĹϵһЩ΢ı仯

ߵϣȻشߡ¹ӳ£΢΢죬ҲɵץסС˿޹ǵָ˲䣬ʹһ̲סһ

ϴΰѾܾˣЩ裬ټϷﻹڣɬĲҶģȴ˿˿ϸ

ĵһ¿ˮȻ׷֣ȴҲܽš˾ҵõ˼㣬ˬ˫ȲסŴ˵͵еۡ

趢ңԥƬ֮ŰʼСߣϾǵһˣʵΣܿһ˼ɣϸָ˸ȦŪ±㽫ͷһӨĻҺ

໥ŶԷ˭Ҳ˵ǰЩǻڳܣȴСҵĿɿ۶šɵָ۶֮࣬ʱʱŪһ¹ͷۣˬĸоֱ

ôʮӣЩˣС˾䣺û

Ҳ֪ΪΣұײһ£ӱּúܣȴǰӳ־ˣˬǺˬģûôǿ⡣

㡣ֲɣּ˾䣺ˡ

ûп۶һ󣬿ˣʣûô

ʵСŪôʱ䣬ҲоЩ뵡ˬв緽ôǿˣ軻淨Ӧ֮£òʵʵ˵֪ôˣرľãһҪ˼ҲûС

Ĭɿֳ˻ȥһţæקס˵˿ˣŪһͳˡ

һ죬Щɬ˵еᣬ֡

ԷűƤ˵裬Ҳ֪ôˣûǸоҹƹֺŪҪ

ؿбҪʲô

ſߣ˵ҪHһ°ɣ

˫糺죬Դһ£ССôߡ

űĵطί˵ĳĵŪŪӰˡ

ôܲѵһ䣬ԼߵĸʲôƵģҲ˾䣺ҽҶ

ŲԼ

ҵԴһ¡

ʵ֪費ӦģҴһʼͲڴСѨ⣬һĿ꣬һƽʱܴӦĵط

裬ҪҺһ°ɡ

ʲôһ漴ӦĿԲݺݵصҡ

ҵСҲһˣǰһֱûлᣬЩΣóԸ

˫ֽקȵϢ裬ıܡֲҶͰһ°ɡ

轫ִҿ˳ͷһ˵˾䣺˯Ȼƿɻᵽ˸ڴϡ

֪ԸǾԲ״ӦҪģҪƷСζ»кܳһ·ҪߣѶȿ²ڳ

ڲϷȥģߺֹȻ׼ôϲµģ䲻ʵЩѰ

ҴԼֽʱһϤϤ죬ƿ˽ҵȻ֪»ʲôֻһݾϲʵ̫ͻȻЩûס˳

ڴߵϣյҵԣӵ˵һΡ

æӦͣһΣһΣҪǻ´ΣҾСһ˵ţһͦȣ

һĨڽյҵ˫ȼ䣬ǰ׼ҲûôԥסͦŪ˼£Ȼ촽ͷ

˻~

Ȼ׼ˬлǳҵ˫ס̲סͰŵǰ캬С׼ˣС죬Ҫ

躬ҵĹͷͣƬ̣ƺ̧۴ҵķӦҲȷůʪСİСѨȫһָоһʣıŰһĺ˿ǻȻҲǵһ죬ԵظоǷ޴ŵľ

˷ܵЩ˳ӱñֱǿſ⡣躬ͣһĽͷ̧Сһ˳ֻʣͷڿУСĽȥ

֮轥ҵ˾ϣʼһһµɢԣƲı飬֣û뵽ȴԼõһŪĳȣЩըˡ

ļȽɬС˵ʵЩִ̫ŵ󣬹ͷҲᱻݹв䵽ǿҵУְУһ裬ȴĸԸĸҿڽϵĿκŮ˶޷ġ

̲סַͷϣ豾ܵһѴ򿪣Ȼ̧۵ңһ档貢ûн³µĸˡ

ʵܲݴ̼ͦ裬ʹСĸӳ졣ңоЩŭ߬סײֹڼ֮½

֪䣬ٴνַͷϣ°ѹҪܵĽС塣Ҳ֪ʲôоһ°ͷ̧Сȴĸˣ

ҸоѾ˶㣬ԽԽŨҪֲסˡʱ㾹ȻҵĿҺ趼һʹҪͷ̧Ҳ֪ôģʹ°Ŀǻͷ˺

ĺհŹͷˬһֱһͣŨľҺһɹɵӿӵĺ

Ӧһ䶯๾ĽҺȫȥҸоҪˡ

һ󣬷˸˯۵ĽڵľҺ˸⣬侲Һ豣ԭеƣڵĲһƬš

ãҽִͷŲ軺̧ͷ³ݺݵصҡ¹ӳ£辫µŭȴ͸һ˿ԹϻɫľҺ漫ˡһ轫ҵľҺȫȥӾһȣոٴβ

֪ǲܵˣǸ躩һЦȴżŭû뵽貢ûֳһֽ˲ǣȻһݣС˵˾䣺˯ɡȻÿɻصԱߵĴϡ

ڶͺʲôҲûһҴ緹ȥϰˡ飬Щĳȣ̬ϵ΢ת䣬ϲ

û뵽ڹŹһ⣬ȻøҰ˳֪ˣҸɴֱõˡ

һһĹȥҵչ΢ҵ𽥻ָҲһձһʢһһҹڲ͸ҵ˼ضҵɧš

̰̾ɣȻ˼ңһҪŪû²˴

òװ˳Ժϰʱ³һĺòˣԴлҵչˡҵȣһֱϰ˵룬ûؼң绰ӣϢҲأЩżˡ

ֱУҪȳһ㡣ҵȻӦѵ⣺Ϊ˸л΢չˣ׼ġ㶮¶

Ҳչˡ

ԱֻҲչˣ

ҵʱǺܱġٵĴʱҽԺƣƾҲҸлҰɣ

쳳֮ʱذ̴˵绰˵ڹ˾ȻεͽҽԺˡ

һ£ϸʣæҽԺ֮󣬼ذ̺ͬڲڲϣûѡ

һңļ٣æʣô£ϲأ

һŮͬ¸˵°ʱͻȻһͷԵڵأιȥģǾͽ˾ȻҽԺ

ʵô£ذ̶˵ûʲô⣬ƣ͹ȣټƶѪεˡԷҽԺͬл˼Ƴ̳ǻؼҡ

ڲߣŻ˯е裬ɫ԰ףûһ˿Ѫɫۣɵֹ˾䣺ô۳أ

һԵذЦһ˵أ

˼Ƭ̣ʵΪչ𣿡

ذƳһۣûӦ

ҲסԼԼǵˣ彡⣬ȻһҲûв

һһµôԼԴȻ˵ʵм費ø˵

һŤͷʵʲô£

ذһۣûֹС˵㱻ײ֮һżˡ

ʲôһ㶣Щ£ˣǡǴ𣿡

Ҳһƣԣʲôˣ

ȻӦԭƭңӸûдһ˲䣬ֻתЩˤڵءذ̾ҲǵģҸôˣԸ⣬Ĭĸ˻˺ӣҲ˵һ

Ҳûа취ͣϾ¶ǾԲ֪ģõĹۡ

һתѣڴߣʵôˣ

ҽľ˵һ飬ֵֶͷĿ˼Ƭ̣̾ذ˵ҽ˵ûʲô£Ҫúþһʱ䡣ôƴˡ

û˵ʲô鿴ЩƣȫյˬӢˣǸְŮǿˣֱǼֱˡҿҪο裬һʱҲ֪˵Щʲô

ҽ˾䣬һЩ飬ر裬һҪעϢʳԷθ䡣

ûʲô£ذ̴ȥˡ豾ҺͱͻؼңҼ㴲Ҳˡ

ذ̺ͱߺڴߣͷ趢һЦʵƽʱô࣬ô˵ˣư

ʵ֪˵ʲô

ⶼεˣ㲻ù䰡

֪ڸҿЦҪһգûǸ顣ҳ˵еܡ

ܣΪҾδ

ܡ

Ϊεˣ

ҵ˵ͷȻʵ裬ǲر۰

С

ôлУ

ǻס

ҳĬΣ˾䣺裬ǲرң

бһۣûش𣬷ʵ˵أ

ҵȻ֪𰸣֪ǵңʮֵ۰ҡң˵˭ҵǸˣһĪ仰Ƕֻ࣬˵Һ㡯ҺһЩ

ƺƳʲô˵ˣû¡

ҲɵÿЦ۵סҽԺôοˣ

ָһ𣬵ͷĬƬ̣˵СкܶѾ뿪ˡ

ָʲô֪ʲô˼̲סôʡ

㱻ײҽԺʱĵĵҪʱҾ룬Ҫи̣ҲͲˡ

֪˵ĻҲ֪˵ĳԽҾԽ

裬ʵڸղţЩͻȻҲˡ

ʲô

衣˵Ҫ뱲ӹÿĵġ

ЦЦֻҪ㿪ģͿġ

ֻҪ迪ģҾͿġ



ûʲô󰭣ҽԺ۲һڶԺˡ٣ؼϢ죬ȴ˵˾Ƕ֮һ춼Ϣȥϰˡ

ڴϣԺ˺֣ԽԽоԼ˽ɳܡȻиоģڸԭʼԿţҹִΪֻҪܹ飬̹ȻԼУôˣնõҸ

ʵˡսңҶ˺ҲʵڵģһӶĨȥġ

ѹԼУΪҵδת̬ȣҲΪңڿ˵ҪһҸȴһֱԼݣ˽İΪΪδվĽǶǹһӡ

ָֻ˶ӵݣûٶκҪ½Դ

һգۣٹȥˣУǰ豣֤һѧҵʧˡǰһ죬һͷȻοĶЦЦһСѧһ쿪ѧʱҲȥŵġ

ѧһҽȫͶ뵽ѧϰȥҼѹŶ˼绰裬ֻõѣָ֮С

￴飬ݵһŽɤӴ˵Сң

ͷҲû̧˾䣺˭

һŮ

ҽ£СЦĲ⣬Щɻ˱飺˭

ô֪ÿӦǸš

뵽ľ裬һϲ漴룬Ҫ裬Ӧûǰ绰ŵ¥²Ž¥Ұɡ

С˵ĺ˿ʼ壬Ҳǣ¥һ·һĥŵ˭߳¥ͼһ츾վڲԶбȹɫ˿࣬ɫƤϸ߸Ьͷ𣬱ϼһ󡾵ǰ𪾫µӣô

Ҽóȥʵ裬ôˣ

轫īһ£̧ͷң΢΢һЦϲ

ô绰˽С׽˭أ

Ǿϲ

Цͷǹģϲһ㡣

賯ȥʵͬѧ

һ㶣ͷһۣСӶڲԶ̽ͷ߿ҳǻӻ֣˵裬ʲô塣¥ȥɡ

Цųִ˸кȻתܻᡣһЦ˵ղ˵иңֵġǰ˰ûʣû

ЦЦ

ʣˣôˣ

û²𣿡

̫ˡ

˾æˣ˳ɢɢġ

þƵ귿𣿡

ˡ

찡

ļ١ϴθһҲûôתιʵΣúڱתת

Ц˵Ҹ򵼡

˰٣ڳĴ档ʼ΢Цɣϴʱǰصˡһ궨λӣһƿ׾ƣҪһ㣬ʼһƶҿЦŰ˰֣ˡ

ƣңƽʱͦܺȵģôˣ

ˡ

ˣһ

šȾ¡

˼ĶƬ̣ǿ

ؽһ·߻ؾƵ꣬һ֣ˣȥɡһˡ

ӦһתߣͣʵҪȥɡ

Ҫǰҿ϶ԥľʹӦˣ֪ȥ֮һ̲סģ֮ǰһȫǰˡòײ¶ĺָǰĹϵʧܵĻҲ֪û¾ġ

ͦˣҲȥˣš˵ӻֵͷҲصӵˡ

صѾˣڴϷȥôҲ˯ţ췢飬ְʾѾˣҲ֪ѾЭˣǨңҾԲܴӦġ

ʱֻյϢһȻ跢ģ˯ûһ˾䣺û

Ҳû˯ɡ

ԥһ£˸š

ѧϰô

ͦõġѧϰ档

ж棿

ر档

˼⣬ͼεķΧϧͽ͡𽲼Ц˵ЩƤѻĿģȴʲôҲ˵ҺľͻȻ̸࣬ҲǰȻˡ

Ҳôȥͦû˼ģһϢ˯Ȼˡ

ڶпΣԥã˼٣α绰裬ȴҲҪˣԼתת

ͬҪȴһȻʧǲҵˣ

һˣһҪ˷ɻؼҡҼҪԶΪС˵ԵͦģͻǼӣһƿ׾ơ

轫ƱҵǰҰ˵һǲȡ

ûңֱӸҵϣ˵ҪûôܽУ

Ҹͱ𣿡

ݸһЦ˵

һʲôң

ƶ졢ˣ˵Ƥ

Ǿ컬𣿡

Ц̾һμ㣬оࡣ

ˣ

ñǰˡ

˲𣿡

ð

Գ˳ɳһ䣬ǻġ

Ц˵ǿɲһɳǱ޿Σѡ޿Ρе˲ܶǸСһɡ

ܡҪһЩ֮Żɡͱҡ

赱Ȼָ֪ʲôңû˵

ҿЦ˵ǰҵľͺɣΪһУһԸΪܸҸֳʹĥ֮⣬ʲô

˵Ҳûоʹĥ

裬ѾˣίԼǨˡҲ˵ˣѾˡ

Ƭ̣軺˵˵˼ǻʱıģе˻ԽԽ죬е˻ԽԽɡ

üͷһ壬ⷬȴûס

һĬ˵ǰЩҸһ£顣

š

ţȱҵ֮ǻȥһҵȻӣһкһŮ

ͦõġ

ע۾ܿԼĶȢӡɼҵǲǺܿģ

ǰЦЦСڳˡ

᲻еҸ

ֻЦЦûлش

˲پƣҸоеΣҲЩ΢ؾƵ꣬ȴߣͻȥˣЩᣬɢɢҲá

Һ߱ģǺ˾ƵԵʣΧǰöˡһ·ȻѧУſڣһǲǹҪһѧУȴ˵ǰȥѧУתת

ʱ컹̫ѧУûšҺУ԰תתٴǿúߵͩ¡ʱϰĵطԴϴκһ֮ͬҾһվ£гһĻ档

Ҳ֪վֻһΡ

ٴκһ¶߱ͱȽƫʱ󲿷ѧϰΧһҲûУĳȣһȣ˵ʱҪˣûʲô顣롭Ԥһ£ô

ĵ˵ͷ

Ȼ֪Ϸ뵽һֱԸʵ֣ޱȵļټҲû飬һʱЩ޴

İŮ飬Ҫиָ΢Ц˵ڽҡ

ŷӦʱ⣬ȥҽָͷת˼ݣһԲװָ

Щ˼˵ֱҲûָɡ

ûнӹڴͳһöָݸҡҽһȻҵ߿Ϊ˺һյķޣ͸öָ

Ľָ־ϲʵָһֱţ

ЦŻش𣺡һֱţż

͵صϥǰ˫ŽָݵǰĻյ˵ȫˣֻǲ˵Ұ㣡ⱲԸܹȢΪޡ޸Ұɡ

轫쵽ҵǰ΢΢ЦҴӦ㡣

ҽָϸ޳ָϣ໥ŶԷĬĬϲ֪ʱƮ˵ө⡣

̾ھȻө档ͦƯġ



ҽ͵Ƶ⣬ֱ˵Ķ˵ˣȥĻɡ

ܺԵĸо軰еĳְʾҲ֪ȥʲô˵Ŀ飬ҲϵԼҪΪ룬صˡ

ãҧ˵Ҳͦ۵ˣϢɡȥ

ǡðɡ΢Цŵ˵ͷתƵȥѽһһˣЩˤڵء

æǰеʵҪɣ

üͷ壬˵Сһ¡

룬Ҳ̫˰ɣѲ⣿

һԲƳһۣŸʲôȥ

Ĵߴ£Ҳ˲ö룬Ժľͷ˵ݡҲ֪ǲҵĴһ˲䣬ҷ͸ŹƵóѵĽЦ⡣

ص˿ͷۼѵף¶ҵһ궯ΣҡȥˡϢɡ

ҸתȥֻĺС

ұܵתȥͼ賯˹ûӦԸеıѾҵϡѹõһ˲䱬˳ֻһƬհףʲô뷨ûˣ§סӣ̰촽

ã֡

辫ѩСϷƬƣкߣҧ´˳µŮ˫ۣĿתĶ裬ȵϢЩɳƵ˵˾䣺Ҫ㡣

迪Ҫ˵ʲôûиᣬ˵˴ϣ˫ڷϷ

šһ¡ȱ𼱡

Ȳˡ

ѾʧȥǣʲôγŵͨͨԺ󣬳ʱѹһ˲䱬߸͵ۣ·Сϡ

贩Ļбȹҵ˫Ź⻬ϸ˿һ·̽ȹףԲ̵

ȫոӺޣ۾һգһգģдˮ룬΢ŵıϸϸĽҼ˶ѹϣؿѹ˶鷿һǹ֮Уֻߵͣ¡ϣĦ޲ø֮С

ǱҵȾǰĳܣǵûпܣְҽµĿӣڽؾһҪѵԷ·һ׵顣

ѵôҵȻҪһ£ֱܹ˳ѵҵ·ֻһĹҾЩ̲סˣȥĿʱһѽƵ⿪ϵ˫ȹףһ·ϣֱסǰһ԰˵ѩϡ

˿֮⣬ϲľ鷿ˣҲԴʱ䣬֬⣬ʵ̫ˣֵһץһѣֵ㡣

ԽԽȣҲһӣһ߽ͷѩ׵ĲԸеһ·ǣסԲɰĶ飬˵ţ裬ϲ㣬Ұ㣬Ĳˡ

轿ţ΢ŵӭ²ͣŤţҪ˫ȴ§ҵĺ󱳡

衭Ҳ㡣

Ѿȫŷңκεֿ֪ĸⱲҲֿܷˣ۽׻ôģǶһ

ֻͷһȣٴסıͷ̴֮СûκεĿܣϸ۵СҾһ

ҺѾ֪ǹٴˣȴܹͬоͶҵİ⡣ֻҰް㣬³˱С죬˫鷿ıϢأǴӺＷһϸ˫ҵĺϲظ˿Ƚزҵϡ

ٴ뿪С죬ڸʵ֮䣬һķҷ㣻ƣ͹Ըе˿ڿ㣬Ŵ°ѹ

ءš

轿ߵı˫ۣҧ´Ŵı⻬ϸ˿ȱܵڱպϣҵּм䣬֭͸ڿ˳ȣʪ˿

Ҽ͵Ľᱡɫ˿קҺ̫ˣҲýһָ⹴ס࣬һ˺һӡ

ôＱʲҲǵһˣҲû𱸣ֻԹĵһۡǿڿΪΪƤקڿһᣬͽСڿ㼸һխǶ˷ʺ֮䡣

ߺߡ

üͷһ壬ֵԴһ¡

ЦͷȻƣƿȹڣ쳤˲ȹ֮С֮˫ȼɢǿҵϢûа˲ʵζȴ˻͡

ͷѩм俨ճɲĺɫ˿ڿ㣬ԸУͬʺһȥʪģɢҵķҷ

̲סǰȥͷһ£һһʰĽ˫סԲΣڿ㣬ȥסۻ̰

šš

ҽԲ̧⻮Ѩ֮Сӱͷӯ󣬶֮ʱ֭ҺȪˮӿ𤻬Ũ㣬ʮִ顣

ҽѨ֭Һһβ©ȫУȪȴЩ˼˫ְҵͷƣɬ˵࡭ˡ

ҽͷȹ̽Ц˵ģ

շɺ죬һ

ҾС̹

˵գֱͦӹڴϣææĽ⿪˿ӣѾ͵ķϣһջƵ˳ڵǰ

Դ˵룬ɫЩţһͷתһԡ⸱СŮ˵ģˣһǡ͡ԭҺһµģҲ˲ˣǰ㣬ſϣһ˿ȣͦżͦݺݵĲµİ׻Ѩ֮С

~

мĴһ㣬˫ֲԾ߬סＷһ

ҲûмųͣѹϣŤΣǻճĤİУſߣе˾䣺𣿡

šû¡

ԣǿţѨֽխӲǿгſҺ󻬣ҲЩߡҸղȥʱüͷ㣬ȴԼˡ

ĺôܹأҲʵЩȲˣ˿һƣڼͷͦɿĳ

šŰ㡭š㡭

軹һĲHŪʮ¾ͿʼˡҲòȥСѨͽĲ񻰣̼һ£ھͿʼųݽѨڶµʵʵѨǻǸյСƿ㣬ʹ

~šء

ֻ΢˿ң̴࣬˫߬űκ죬ϸ޳ӴҵļϣӼۣ˿Сڰգžҳ壬һһεġ

̬п˫۱˿ȣ׮Ƶ壬һһ¡

ײžžĴ죬˶ĹͷδεףײͲһHŪ֮Ȼ~һһͦ˫ףѨ׻֭һɹɵӿ

֪߳ˣæѨУͷصסģšˣɲǼס˺ʧˣ˿С̣ƽ˽ֺѨƵЩҼ˳

ΪһЩϢʱ䣬ҲԼ̫졣彥ɳڣһұ˫ǰѹͦżʵڽµСѨٶȷɿ

šŰѽ

˫ĿգһδHŪٴٶԽԽ죬弸ۣھͷ˿СѾɰĽֺؼһ

δӸ߳лһͨHٴ˸߳Ե߾ҲЩɶ֮Լҹʱ仹磬ɲ֪ΪΣΥĵһΣҾǲô졣

Ҽٶȣͣ˿ȴӼͷжؿ衣

豾ѾѾȴͻȻͣЩϲ£ɻĿңЩԹ

ôˣ

裬𣿡

һı飬˵ͣ⣿

裬治

Ҽβ˵һ顣

ÿζһ飬ӷѽ

Ҿ˵¡

ЩΣ

ǡôʱ䣬û밡

ʲô

H

һۣ롣

Ϊʲôѽ˵ţֶ¡

~ٿüͷ΢һ˵ʲôʱ㣿

һֱڹҡҶѾ㺬ŭն˿ˣһǰҲܣӽԺҾͲˡ

û˵ұḧš

ſǰһʵ裬Ժ󶼸Hòã

á

ЦЩƤɲǼ䣬һСʱԽôҪʲôԽǶңʲô֪ҿ޵ˣŴӦҵҪ

ã

Ƥֱӣ˫ȷֵĿģСѨȻþȫݺݵײȥ

ѽ~

ǲܣҪҡ

ҪҲҪHҼ׷ţֺݺݵĸһ¡

~





ԽǶңҾԽһͨ͸ɡһ˫˿ȱֿѹȹƵصף¶ѩ׵ĶƤһֻСѩڵأ壬ǰҡΣ̬ˡ

ššŹǲŰ

豻˿ȴɲϷǹŻЦǸСƵġ費ܱҸɵεĸ߳ȴʼšһɾϷĸ׵ļӣȴ¶СŮ˵һ棬ԽԽ˷ܣѴӲļֱѨͣͷǻ⣬һ±һºݡ

~šŰŹ㡭Ű㡭Сˡ

ۼ߳Խ壬Ϣֶ̼٣һ˵ˡҸоԼҲ˽ҪͷҲ̲סˣѹ˫ȣһͨ͸ɣֱСѨ֭Ľߴ졣

̧Ҫץңȴץ˸գת߬סһʴӵ֮ڰסˣšһؿһͦ𣬷һšڼҵ䶯ţ֭Ȫӿй˳

ֻСѨ̵̹ģҲֲסһ飬͸ɼ֮󣬲ѨףͷŻģʹʹ˳

Һȫ̱֮ԣССڵĴ佥عƽӸ߳лҲ˰Ѷͷĺ飬۵飬˵ԺҪ裬趼H

תԴǳһ뵽ΪҵİΣĸ׵϶ҵһů鲻Խ§ס裬С˵ҲŻҲŻҡԺҲֿˣòã

ûлش΢ЦſҡҲûм׷ʣΪѾõ˴𰸡

§裬ָ֬ۻߣ϶еĸ㣬вһ궯ԭٴβ

Ҳӣ̧ȣǰͦʵ

HһκòãӦѾżͣûͷûԵСѨʼ˻˶

ѽ~ü˵˾ҪҲ֪Ϣһ¡ѽ

һֵǧ𡣽ӣĶ˵Ϣ

ҷѹϣͦţϸϸű۶ݵĸоůůģֻխӦĴӲ֮ǻϸ˰ӿİǸо˵

ҵ˫ֽץŰɫ˿Ըдȣű˿żϵ¶ȡHŪһ֮§跭˸棬򻻵档

ʲô购Ϣʵ

ػ

ҵ˼Щ˼֧ɡ

ҲЦ˵Ҳ֪𣿻£档

㻨ࡣһۣһΣѼƹҵϣ˫ָҵؿڣ̧βֻйͷѨڣ

ظоСѨ̣ͷסѨ⣬ڰЩ

~

ĺ﷢һ΢ͣƬ̣ʼѨ£ŪŤһԣɬӲŪЩֱ̫

ڴϣ¶ϵĿǰһԴӵҡΣ𺳵ġ̲ס˫ֳؿץȥ·ž˶鷿迴ң򱳺һ߶Ūһ߽ѩ׵ı۰ȹ˳

ȹСȹɢҶס塣ȥ֣ѩ׷ĻԲϵǰ㣬˫ֳҵĶԣ鴹£ǰγһˣѹˣͷ̺ͦ綹ʵɰ

̲סʿˮſָУַֻʻ壬һָ֮Уְףָ죬ʵա

̲ס̾ôôѽ

Щ˼СʱץҧŪá

ԭСʱϲץѽԵСʱѾˡ

һ˵ţһ̲סͦ϶¡üͷ΢ű𶯡ҶҾͲŪ˰

ί˵е̫ˣ˲ϲ£ܵġ

¶ôࡣ

ԹǼӿٶȡ϶£һ壬¶ȵĽգĵͦͬʱ˫ִ˿ϣظš

š

ٶԽԽ죬ĴϢٴνͷң˫ճ죬˿ǰѩ׵ǰҡΣʪ۶һµŪҵ⻭漴ʵֳøУߵ

Ȼʡȴ޷ƿؽ࣬ʱ䳤Щļ˫§ס󱳣͵𣬽ڷ˶˫֮䣬ֻֿ庹㣬ζŨ˱Ƕ̲סֽͦͷУ˱



һ˫ֲΡΡҵļϣҵĻֻ˴ڴϢͦŪ鷿һ·ǣѩ޳Ĳͣıϣ̰˱ǡ

ͬʱ˫סԲΣ䣬ʮָϸ⻬˿֮࣬С赹ϣһߺҽǣһͦһﲻͣ䣻罬ķ׾ҵؿڣĦ

뿪С죬ۼ贺üҡ룬۰ļ͸˿˿ϸһ㣬ɵ̾裬

ɬķ˾䣺ж

һ˵ȫ

Цȫ𡣡

һ˵һҡӴҵı䴦˫ԲΣվ

ŵáѽһ˫§ҵĲӣӱܵͦ˫ҲнԼˡ

һ˫ʼͦͷ϶Ѩ⣬ײĻ֦չ

ŰŰ

˫ֱֱģӴȸż⣬һƽߣڽţ˫ĿҵĲӣüͷ壬۾ֱעңĴϢ֮⣬һ仰Ҳ˵

ˡšСŰ¡

ҪǿҲڽСͣʵЩһҾ͸оЩֲסˣƴĿɼ£Ȼ㽫¡֪ͻȻһƵģž;СѨһůӿڵĽһ

æͣۿһһģ۾ףʧҵҲѺľ΢ͻСķڴϣߣؿ

跭˸ͷǱȥ˹ͷ㣬̱бڴϣţˣˡ

豳ʵôһ¾ͲˣղŲͦģ

Ϊ㣬Ϲ֡һûˡ

Ц˵ŵĶˡ

ⶥһ¡

ҽѾͦƨϣ˵ûۡô죿

ûңҿ͵ĬˡҽǰŲŲĴȼ䣬⻬˿࣬ͷʪĹϣһ࿪½뵽СѨ

ʵЩܣͦŪºȣҲĬĽβ£Ѩ¶ҵǰСѨɸоܽҪѨеѣֻܲȡǳһĽ࣬ƵHŪš

ٶûӿ죬ԸƷζСѨڵÿһڣвŹͷϱңûʲôӦϢͼĺǳ

һǳḥ̂һʵ裬Ϣ𣿡

ûá

ֲһʣϢû

ûС

𼱻ǵģʵ̲סˣӰƽˣѨݺײ˽ȥ⧲šһʹץסҵʵ˵ûϢء

ű𶯣Ҳ

ÿȹڣ˫ǰֱͦӣͦݺݵشȥ

~㡭ˣ

ҪˣôHԼأ

һۣߺ죬˵໰

ҪôҺԽҺϴ

߼ˣǵñ

æͣǣЩֻ˵

˵գҸӣͦ͵һʱ轿΢ﲻѨ֭ĺֻֽ˿貿ײƵܵġžž죬ҡĴͷۡײǽҪɢһ㡣

šŰѽˣˡ費ˡ

߿ĿԲĿһߣ˫ץҵýģӶ֪ͣҪˣײСѨǽ̵˻ȥ

ѽˡ㡭ѽһ㡭

˫ĿʧǶɤۣ뷢ַһĿǻˡּHٶȼﵽ˼ޣһʱˮĽࡣ

ٿһ˫ȾҶѨоγ鴤֭Һų罦ð׳֪ۡ󣬵ܶҲǺзһĿ֮⣬ͳ˼£һ壬ͷסģŨ

Һ̱˴ϣϢϣмþòƽϢ̬ĳյǰ̾裬ôŮ·

ƨ

ġ˵һˣʮӶ

ңȻ̾˿Ͼˣٹ̫ˣôҲûСŮһˡ

ҼįȻӦѹϴִҪҶϾŮϵԭΪһ²ɵġ

ָӣ˵裬ʲôʱﶼġ



󣬻ֳ

ɻҵһĴָ˸ɻһ·ҴϣĿǰһԲ

Žߴٵʱ쵽ˣýȥˡ·Ͻɡ

ɫŵĳ֣һȰϣе¸һ¡

һƣϷţߵҵԣеףʵôˣܣ

еš

ʲôýŵģС浽һˣ߸ʽ

ҲšŵҶӲˡָָɣɫװ㱻һС

һۣţϾͶˡ

̵̲⣬һֱӲţôŰ

취ԼŪȥ

벻취Ҫң

ҵźݺһ£ʲôʱˣ֣

֣ġ

ˡţ˵ʱ쵽ˣǳš

ҼһӺ裺˵ô죿

趢Ƭ̣˸ۣҵĿų߸ļʵֻŭ͡ɱڡһ죬÷콫京Уհף˱Ū

ҽַͷϣӺһ

Ͻ֡˵˾䣬һͷͷһߴŪغ衣ʱʱĻҿںһ£죬ڣƽţļҪϽйûһ⡣

ֲͣߣֱң֮⣬һż˳趥ǽϣȹףࡢڿ㣬ûͷûԵ˽ȥ

Ҫȴֲҷ죬ֻûܣƨȴʵʵľ˫ַѩ׵Σͦ࿪͵ؼ˽ȥ

Сʲôѽʲôʱˣ

˫ַǽһѵһ߳ײΪŵԵʣСѨеɬֽеܡҹ˲˵ͦСѨҺ·鵱죬δ룬ȴȺһ붼ͷƤ顣

һ͸֮󣬱һѨףŽ۵Ļţʹʹ˳

ʱ跴ٴˣ˫ַǽϢš

ã˵˾䣺Сֻˡ


  